CAD 205 Sample

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

eBook

The CAD Guys Publications

For AutoCAD 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 AutoCAD LT 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

The CAD Guys Publications

AutoCAD 2D eBook

All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical , photocopying, recorded, or otherwise, without prior permission of the authors.

The author and publisher have taken care in the publication of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind or assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information contained herein.

Publisher: The CAD Guys Ltd

Internet: www.thecadguys.com Phone: (403) 257-4289

Fax: (403) 257-4289

Email: [email protected]

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The following are trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries: AutoCAD Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT Learning Assistance, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, Autodesk Envision, Autodesk Map, AutoSnap, AutoTrack, Built with ObjectARX (logo), burn, Buzzsaw.com, CAiCE, Cinestream, Civil 3D, cleaner central, ClearScale, Colour Warper, Content Explorer, Dancing Baby (image), DesignCenter, Design Doctor, Designer's Toolkit, DesignProf, DesignServer, Design Web Format, DWF, DWFit, DWFwriter, DWG Linking, DXF, Extending the Design Team, GDX Driver, gmax (logo), gmax ready (logo),Heads-up Design, jobnet, lustre, ObjectDBX, onscreen onair online, Plans & Specs, Plasma, PolarSnap, Real-time Roto, Render Queue, Visual Bridge, Visual Syllabus, and Where Design Connects.

Revision

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

Content Module

Contents and Learning Outcomes

Cover AutoCAD 2D

Module Introduction 1 Using the AutoCAD Modules

1 List the software and files required to complete the AutoCAD 2D Modules.

2 Describe the AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules philosophy and explain how to read and use the modules to learn how to apply the AutoCAD commands and features to draw 2D drawings. Module Introduction 2 Configuring the AutoCAD Software

3 Configure the AutoCAD software used to complete the AutoCAD 2D Modules. Module 1 AutoCAD's User Interface

4 Describe and configure AutoCAD's Interface including the Graphic window, graphic cursor, status bar, model and layout tabs, command line window, pull-down and toolbar menus, use of the mouse and the Text window.

Module 2 Getting Started

5 Describe a drawing, a drawing template, drawing names and drawing file extensions. 6 Apply the commands NEW, QSAVE, OPEN, SAVEAS and CLOSE to start a new drawing, name and save the current drawing into a specified folder, open a filed drawing, save the current drawing with a different name and close a drawing.

7 Describe an AutoCAD command including option prompts and defaults. 8 Describe how to execute, repeat and abort commands.

Module 3 Checking the Accuracy of Drawings

9 Describe how lab exercise drawings in the AutoCAD 2D Modules are checked for accuracy. Module 4 Drawing Lines Using Cartesian Coordinates

10 Describe the Cartesian Coordinate System using absolute and relative coordinates. 11 Apply the LINE command to draw lines using the Cartesian Coordinate System with both absolute and relative coordinates.

Module 5 Layers

12 Describe AutoCAD's layering system

13 Apply the LAYER command to create, toggle on/off, thaw/freeze, lock/unlock, select color and set the current layer for the active drawing.

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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2011-05-13 Content - 2

14 Within a one hour time limit, complete a written exam and a lab exercise without the aid of a key.

Module 7 Circles and Arcs

15 Describe a circle and an arc and their characteristics.

16 Apply the CIRCLE and ARC commands to draw circles and arcs. Module 8 Object Snap

17 Describe object snap, AutoSnap, manual object snap modes, and the object snap modes for a line, circle, and an arc.

18 Apply the OSNAP command to set the object snap modes for AutoSnap, enable and disable object snap and use object snap to complete drawings.

Module 9 Controlling the Drawing

19 Describe drawing limits, drawing extents, drawing scale and drawing units.

20 Apply the commands ZOOM, PAN, REGEN, and VIEWRES to control the drawing. Module 10 Drawing Lines Using Polar Coordinates

21 Describe the geometry of an angle. 22 Describe the Polar Coordinate System.

23 Apply the LINE command to draw lines using the Polar Coordinate System

.

Module 11 Competency Test No. 2

24 Within a one hour time limit, complete a written exam and a lab exercise without the aid of a key.

Module 12 Fillets

25 Describe tangency and fillets.

26 Apply the FILLET command to construct tangent arcs.

27 Apply the LINE command using the tangent object snap mode to draw lines tangent to arcs and circles.

Module 13 Object Properties

28 Describe object properties, linetype, linetype scale, and how to select objects using a pick, a window, and a crossing window.

29 Describe how to assign and edit linetypes ByLayer and set the linetype scale.

30 Apply the PROPERTIES and LTSCALE commands to display and edit properties of drawing objects and set the linetype scale of objects.

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Module 14 Trimming and Extending

31 Apply the TRIM and EXTEND commands to shorten and lengthen objects at selected cutting edges.

Module 15 Offsetting Objects

32 Apply the OFFSET command to insert objects parallel to existing objects. 33 Apply the ID command to establish temporary reference locations

34 Within a two hour time limit, complete a written exam and a lab exercise without the aid of a key.

Module 17 Inquiry and Measurement

35 Apply the UNITS, DIST and PROPERTIES commands to set the display units, make inquiries about drawing objects and measure distances.

36 Apply the ORTHO, POINT, DIVIDE, and MEASURE commands. Module 18 Layout - Part 1

37 Describe the working spaces, model and paper, and how to use them in an AutoCAD drawing. 38 Describe viewports and explain how to create, edit, scale and lock them.

Module 19 Text - Part 1

39 Describe single line text, text style and text justification.

40 Apply the STYLE, DTEXT, and DDEDIT commands to format, insert and edit text. Module 20 Moving and Copying

41 Apply the MOVE, COPY, COPYCLIP, PASTECLIP, and COPYBASE commands to move and copy objects in the current drawing plus copy objects from one drawing to another.

42 Fill out titleblocks in paper space using the AutoCAD 2D Modules Standards. Module 21 Competency Test No. 4

Module 22 Mirroring and Rotating

44 Apply the MIRROR and the ROTATE commands to mirror and rotate objects. 45 Apply the MIRRTEXT system variable.

Module 23 Arraying

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47 Apply the STRETCH and SCALE commands to change the size and shape of existing objects by stretching or scaling them.

Module 25 Text - Part 2

48 Describe a mtext object and explain how to create, edit and explode mtext. 49 Apply the MTEXT, QTEXT and SPELL commands.

50 Describe and compare shape and true type text fonts and their characteristics. 51 Describe special text characters and the use of control codes.

Module 26 Competency Test No.5

52 Within a three hour time limit, complete a written exam and a lab exercise without the aid of a key.

Module 27 Multiview Drawings

53 Describe a multiview drawing, the glass box principle, the three standard views, object lines and hidden lines.

54 From a 3D pictorial of an object, draw a multiview drawing using the three standard views. Module 28 Grids and Snap

55 Describe grids and snap and how they are used in a drawing. 56 Apply the commands GRID and SNAP.

Module 29 Polylines 57 Describe a polyline.

58 Explain how to create, close and edit a polyline.

59 Apply the PLINE, PEDIT, DONUT, FILL, EXPLODE and BOUNDARY commands. Module 30 Regular Polygons

60 Describe a regular polygon and the methods used to construct them. 61 Apply the POLYGON, RECTANGLE, ELLIPSE and AREA commands. Module 31 Competency Test No.6

Module 32 Hatching

63 Explain sectional views, sections, and hatching in sectional views.

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Module 33 Blocks

65 Describe a block and explain how blocks are stored and inserted in a drawing file. 66 Describe how blocks work with layers.

67 Apply the BLOCK and INSERT commands. Module 34 Drawing Utilities

68 Explain drawing and file maintenance to help manage and control AutoCAD drawing files. 69 Apply the TIME, PURGE and RENAME commands.

Module 35 Reference Files

70 Describe reference files and explain how they are used in an AutoCAD drawing. 71 Apply the XREF command.

72 Within a three hour time limit, complete a written exam and the lab exercise without the aid of a key.

Module 37 Dimensioning - Part 1

73 Define the 11 basic dimensioning terms.

74 Describe the properties of associative and exploded dimensions.

75 Apply the DIMASSOC and DIMSTYLE commands to control and modify the appearance of dimensions.

76 Apply the commands BREAK and DIMCENTER to draw center lines. Module 38 Dimensioning - Part 2

77 Describe the six basic dimensioning types.

78 Apply the DIMLINEAR, DIMALIGNED, DIMANGULAR, DIMDIAMETER, DIMRADIUS and QLEADER commands to dimension a drawing.

Module 39 DesignCenter

79 Describe how DesignCenter can be used to increase drawing productivity. 80 Apply the command ADCENTER.

Module 40 Layouts - Part 2

81 Describe lineweights and their use in a plotted drawing.

82 Describe and apply the object and color methods of assigning lineweights in a drawing. Module 41 Competency Test No. 8

83 Within a two hour time limit, complete a written exam and the lab exercise without the aid of a key.

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

Module Introduction 1

Using the AutoCAD 2D Modules

Learning Outcomes

When you have completed this module, you will be able to:

1 List the software and files required to complete the AutoCAD 2D Modules.

2 Describe the AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules philosophy and explain how to read and use the modules to learn how to apply the AutoCAD commands and features to draw 2D drawings.

The AutoCAD Software Required

The AutoCAD 2D Modules were written to be used with AutoCAD 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 as well as AutoCAD LT 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. You must have access to one of these software packages installed on your computer to complete the lab exercises in the AutoCAD 2D Modules.

Files Required for the AutoCAD 2D Modules

To complete the lab exercises in this E-Book, you must have the four template files, that accompany it, on your hard disk drive. Module 2 will teach you how to use them.

Philosophy of the AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules

The AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules were written as a tool to guide and teach you to master AutoCAD. No two students learn at the same pace, therefore the modules were written as

competency-based bite-size pieces to allow each user to work at their own pace. They can be used in correspondence, online and instructor-lead classes or by individuals teaching themselves to use AutoCAD in their own home or office.

Scope of the AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules

The AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules are written in five parts, AutoCAD 2D, AutoCAD 3D, AutoCAD 2D Advanced, AutoCAD 3D Advanced and AutoLISP.

Suggested Perquisites

To get the most from these modules, it is suggested that you have a working knowledge of the Windows operating system that is installed on the computer you are using to complete the AutoCAD 2D Modules. You must have at least the ability to create folders plus move, copy, rename and delete files using Windows Explorer.

The AutoCAD 2D Modules

The AutoCAD 2D Modules were written in a very logical step-by-step order. Read and follow the information below to get the most from these modules.

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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2011-05-13 Introduction 1 - 2

The Modules

The modules are written in a precise order and contain the information that you require to learn AutoCAD 2D. Using AutoCAD is a never ending learning process and you will continue learning long after completing these modules.

Do not skim through the modules. Read each page and ensure that you understand everything in each module. Do not jump around inside the module or from module to module. Work your way methodically through each module, page by page.

As you work your way through each module, learn and try to understand all the information it contains. To ensure that you understand it, complete the lab exercises to prove it. Only when you understand everything in the module and can complete the lab exercises, in the specified time limit, should you go to the next module.

Each module may contain Must Know's, User Tips, Workalongs, Lessons, Key Principles and Lab Exercises.

Must Know's

Most modules contain user must know's. You must understand and retain each one of these principles as you work your way through the modules. If you cannot understand any one of them, read back through the module. Do not go on until you fully understand it. For example:

(Do not attempt to understand this must know now, it is here for an example only.)

It is important when inserting the final line of a series of lines to ensure your drawing is 100% accurate. On the object shown on the right, there are two correct ways to draw the last line. 1. C (to close) or 2.The absolute coordinate 1.75,4 The relative coordinate should never be used since you can't be positive it will locate the end of the line at the exact location as the start point.

User Tips

User tips are in the modules to help you complete drawings faster and more efficiently. They contain tips, tricks and ways to use commands that will help you draw faster and increase your productivity. Study them and try to use the tips while doing the labs exercises. They are there to help you work smarter, not harder. For example:

(Do not attempt tp learn this user tip now, it is here for an example only.)

The function key F3 toggles the AutoSnap feature off and on. Although there are other ways to do this, try to get into the habit of using F3 as it will greatly improve your drawing speed.

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Workalongs

A workalong is an exercise that is completed by the user by working along with the modules, tutorial style, to complete a drawing using AutoCAD. Completing the workalongs in this manner will help you understand how the commands being taught in that module work by actually using them in AutoCAD. This will prepare you so that when you are completing the drawings in the lab exercises, you should be able to complete them without any assistance. For example:

(Do not attempt this workalong now, it is here for an example only.)

Completed Drawing

Using the LINE Command

Workalong and complete the steps below.

Step 1 Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using the template 2D English.

Step 2 Save and name the drawing AutoCAD 2D Workalong 04-1 and unless otherwise instructed, save it in the folder: CAD Courses/AutoCAD 2D/Lab Exercises.

Step 3 Enter the commands below to draw the object shown. Keep in mind that you enter what is bolded, the italics are the author's comments and all the rest are AutoCAD prompts.

Command: LINE

Specify first point: 1.75,4

(Always start with an absolute coordinate. It must be an X then Y with a comma between them.)

Specify next point or [Undo]: @5,0

(Then change to relative coordinates. Note the @ first, then X and Y.)

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-2.5,0

(A negative coordinate is used since the line is going in the negative X direction.)

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,1.5 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1,1

(When both the X and Y coordinates have a value other then zero, the line will be inclined.)

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1.5,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C

You can use a C or 1.75,4 to close the last line and return to the first point.)

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Geometry and Drafting Lessons

Some modules contain drafting and/or geometry lessons. They are included to teach students who do not have any previous drafting/design knowledge or experience. They may also be handy for drafters or designers who need a refresher lesson.

If you already know the theory in the lesson, skip it and go on to the next topic in the module. If you do not know it, study it. These lessons are not part of the course and you will not be tested on them. However, knowing the theory taught in them will help you complete the lab exercises. For example:

(Do not attempt to learn this geometry lesson now, it is here for an example only.)

Figure 7-1 Circle Geometry

Geometry Lesson

Circles

A circle is defined as a closed curve in which all points are the same distance from its center point. The center point is a single XY coordinate. Study the drawings below for a complete description of the characteristics of a circle.

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Key Principles

Each module contains a list of key principles. The key principles are principles that you should have learned and understand in that module. It is important that you understand each one of these principles as you will be required to use them in future AutoCAD work. For example:

(Do not attempt to learn the key principles now, it is here for an example only.)

The Key Principles in Module 4

1 The @ symbol means "The last absolute coordinate location".

2 To close the last line of a series of lines, use either C (Close) or the absolute coordinate of the first point.

3 To delete existing objects on a drawing, you can either use the ERASE command or the Delete key on the keyboard.

4 Objects can either be selected before or after the command is entered.

Lab Exercises

All lab exercises have a time limit allocated to them. To complete the lab exercise in the specified time limit, you must be able to complete the drawing, check it for accuracy and make any

corrections. If you cannot do this in the time allowed, redo the entire lab exercise. It is your way of proving that you have mastered the module.

Almost all modules contain at least two lab exercises. If you are in a classroom situation where you do not have a lot of time, only complete the first lab exercise in each module. It is strongly

suggested, however, that you complete all lab exercises in each module, if possible.

Checking the Accuracy of Your Drawings

Almost all lab exercises will have a key provided that you can use to check your drawing for accuracy. You will be taught how to do this in Module 3.

Competency Tests

Every fifth module is a timed competency test module. A competency test module has multiple choice questions and a comprehensive lab exercise to test your mastery of the last four modules that you just completed. There is no key supplied with this module since it is meant to be checked by your instructor. If there are any parts of this module that you have trouble completing or you cannot complete in the time allowed, you should go back and reread the module or modules containing the information that you are having trouble with. If necessary, redo any lab exercises to help you learn the material.

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Conventions and Symbols Used in the AutoCAD 2D Modules

The following conventions and symbols are used in the modules to help you understand the material.

Words in Red Italics

Words in red italics are new terms being introduced in that module. They will only appear in italics the first time they are mentioned and will be defined. For example:

The current layer is the layer that AutoCAD will place all newly created drawing objects on.

Words and Numbers that are in Bold Font

In workalongs, all words and numbers in bold font are input by you. It is your way of knowing if it is a user input or an AutoCAD response. For example:

Command: LINE

(Always start with an absolute coordinate. It must be X then Y with comma between them.)

Specify next point or [Undo]: @5,0 Command:

Command Names

Command names are always in uppercase. For example:

To construct a fillet, use the FILLET command. The rule of thumb to follow is "If the arc you are drawing is tangent to both objects it is connecting to, use the FILLET command to insert it”.

Picking Objects or Locations on the Drawing

To help you understand when an object or a location is picked, the modules use the letter ?P” along with a number that indicates which pick it is in the sequence. For example:

(Do not attempt this workalong now, it is here for an example only.)

Command: FILLET

Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.6000 Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R Specify fillet radius <0.6000>: .25

(Set the radius for the fillet.)

Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P1 Select second object: P2

(Pick the two lines to insert the fillet between.)

Command: FILLET

Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.2500 Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P3 Select second object: P4

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Author's Comments

A comment by the author, to help explain what is happening in a command, is in green italics, inside brackets. For example:

(Do not attempt these command now, they are here for an example only.)

(Always start with an absolute coordinate. It must be X then Y with a comma between them.)

(Then change to relative coordinates. Note the @ first, then X and Y.)

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-2.5,0

(Note the negative coordinate since we are going in the negative X direction.)

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,1.5 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C

(You can use a C to close the last line and return to the first point.)

Command:

There are also author's comments in the workalong or lab exercise to help you understand a principle or to complete a task. For example:

Author's Comments: The Insertion scale for the all lab exercises in the AutoCAD 2D Modules is shown in the Units column as shown in the Figure 3-1.

The Key Principles in Module Introduction 1

1 To complete the lab exercises in this E-Book, you must have the four template files, that accompany it, on your hard disk drive.

2 Do not skim through the modules. You must read and understand everything in each module. Do not jump around inside the module or from module to module. Work your way methodically through each module, page by page.

3 The AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules were written as competency-based bite-size pieces to allow you to work at your own pace and learn to use AutoCAD. Do not go onto the next module until you understand the module you are working on and have completed the lab exercise(s). 4 All lab exercises have a time limit allocated to them. To complete the lab exercise in the

specified time limit, you must be able to complete the drawing, check it for accuracy and make any corrections. If you cannot do this in the time allowed, redo the entire lab exercise. It is your way of proving that you have mastered the module.

Do not memorized AutoCAD - UNDERSTAND it.

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

Module Introduction 2

Configuring the AutoCAD Software

Learning Outcomes

1 Configure your AutoCAD software to help you complete the AutoCAD 2D course.

Configuring your AutoCAD Software for the AutoCAD 2D Course

Complete all of the following steps.

Step 1 Start AutoCAD.

Step 2 Type the WSSETTINGS command and press Enter. (Figure Step 2)

Step 3 Step 2 will open the Workspace Settings dialogue box. Pull down the My Workspace list and select AutoCAD Classic. Check to ensure that the My Workspace displays AutoCAD Classic and click OK . (Figure Step 3A and 3B)

Author's Comments: If you are using AutoCAD LT, substitute the name AutoCAD LT Classic for AutoCAD Classic.

Author's Comments: Do not be concerned if the Workspace list in your AutoCAD software does not match the figures exactly.

Figure Step 2

Figure Step 3A

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(Figure Step 4)

Step 5 Enter the name AutoCAD Classic as shown in the figure and press Enter. (Figure Step 5)

Author's Comments: If you are using AutoCAD LT, substitute the name AutoCAD LT Classic for AutoCAD Classic.

Step 6 To ensure that it was changed, enter the command WSCURRENT again and press Enter. It should display the name AutoCAD Classic in quotes as shown in the figure. If it does not, redo Steps 4 and 5 again. (Figure Step 6)

Step 7 ( 2007-2008) Click the small triangle icon located in the bottom right corner of the Status bar (beside the lock icon). This will display a pop-up menu. In the pop-up menu, click each item to enable or disable them, one at a time, until you match the figure. Skip Step 8 and go to Step 9. (Figure Step 7A and 7B (2007-2008))

Figure Step 4 Figure Step 5 Figure Step 6 Figure Step 7B 2007-2008 Figure Step 7A 2007-2008

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Step 7 ( 2009-2010) Click the small triangle icon located in the bottom right corner of the Status bar (beside the lock icon). This will display a pop-up menu. In the pop-up menu, click each item to enable or disable them, one at a time, until it matches the figure.

(Figure Step 7A and 7B (2009-2010))

Step 8 ( 2009-2010) Repeat Step 7 to display the pop-up menu. Click the flyout menu Snap Toggles. Click each item to enable or disable them, one at a time, until it matches the figure. (Figure Step 8 (2009-2010)) Figure Step 7B 2009-2010 Figure Step 7A 2009-2010 Figure Step 8 2009-2010

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Configuring Your AutoCAD Software The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2011 Module Introduction 2 Step 7 ( 2011-2012) Click the small triangle icon located in the bottom right corner of the Status bar (beside the lock icon). This will display a pop-up menu. In the pop-up menu, click each item to enable or disable them, one at a time, until it matches the figure.

(Figure Step 7A and 7B (2011-2012))

Author's Comments: Each time you click and item on the menu, it will close. You will have click the triangle icon to display it again.

Step 8 ( 2011-2012) Repeat Step 7 to display the pop-up menu. Click the flyout menu Snap Toggles. Click each item to enable it, one at a time, until it matches the figure.

(Figure Step 8 (2011-2012)) Figure Step 7B 2011-2012 Figure Step 7A 2011-2012 Figure Step 8 2011-2012

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Figure Step 10B

Step 9 Click the Tools pull down menu. In the pull-down menu, click Options. (Figure Step 9)

Step 10 In the Options dialogue box, enable the Files tab. Expand Template Settings and Drawing Template File Location. Highlight the current location by clicking it. Click the Remove button. (Figure Step 10A and 10B)

Figure Step 9

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Step 12 Click the Browse button. In the Browse for Folders dialogue box, locate the folder:

CAD Courses/ AutoCAD 2D/ Templates (Figure Step 12)

Figure Step 11

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Figure Step 13

Figure Step 16 Figure Step 15

Figure Step 17 Step 13 Click OK and the new

location will appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 13)

Step 14 Enable the Display tab. (Figure Step 14)

Step 15 Set the Crosshair size to 100. (Figure Step 15)

Step 16 Set the Arc and Circle smoothness to 2000. (Figure Step 16)

Step 17 Click the Colors... button to open the Drawing Window Color dialogue box. (Figure Step 17)

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shown in the figure. (Figure Step 18)

Step 19 Click Apply and Close.

Step 20 Enable the User Preferences tab. (Figure Step 20) Figure Step 18

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Figure Step 21B

Step 21 Click the Right-click Customization button. Enable the box Turn on time sensitive right-click and set the Longer right-click duration to 250 milliseconds. (Figure Step 21A and 21B)

Step 22 In the Insertion scale area, pull down the Source content units menu and select Inches. Do the same for the Target drawing units menu to set both to inches. (Figure Step 22A and 22B)

Step 23 Click Apply and Close.

Figure Step 21A

Figure Step 22A

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Step 25 Click the Colors box. In the Color box, pull-down the list and click Select Color. Enable the Index Color tab in the Select Color dialogue box, enter the number 252 and click OK.

(Figure Step 25A and 25B)

Figure Step 24

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Figure Step 26A

Figure Step 26B

Step 26 Set the AutoSNAP Marker Size and the Aperture Size to approximately the sizes shown in the figures. You can adjust these sizes, when required, as you work your way through the modules. (Figure Step 26A and 26B)

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Author's Comments: Do not be concerned if your dialogue box does not match the figure exactly.

AutoCAD LT Users Important: If you are using AutoCAD LT, skip Step 28.

Step 28 Set the Display ViewCube or UCS Icon areas as shown in the figure. Take note that the dialogue boxes for AutoCAD 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 are different.

(Figure Step 28A, 28B, 28C and 28D)

Figure Step 27

Figure Step 28B 2009-2010 Figure Step 28A

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Step 29 Enable the Selection tab. (Figure Step 29) Figure Step 28C

2011

Figure Step 28D 2012

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Step 30 Set the Pickbox Size and the Grip Size to approximately the sizes as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 30)

Step 31 Click the OK button on the bottom of the Options dialogue box to close it. (Figure Step 31)

Step 32 You have completed configuring you software. Go to Module 1. Figure Step 30

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

Module 1

AutoCAD's User Interface

Learning Outcomes

1 Describe and configure AutoCAD's Interface including the Graphic window, graphic cursor, status bar, model and layout tabs, command line window, pull-down and toolbar menus, use of the mouse and the Text window.

Figure 1-1

AutoCAD's Graphic Window - AutoCAD 2007-2008

AutoCAD's Graphic Window

AutoCAD's Graphic window for AutoCAD 2007-2008 is shown in Figure 1-1. The main features are labeled in the figure. AutoCAD's Graphic window for 2009-2012 is shown in Figure 1-2. The Graphic window is used most of the time when working in AutoCAD.

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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2011-05-13 1 - 2

Crosshairs

The crosshairs indicates the user's current location. Think of it as the point of the pencil. It is used extensively while working in AutoCAD. It is one of the most important tools.

Pickbox

The pickbox, is a small square located at the intersection of the crosshairs as shown in Figure 1-3. It is used to pick drawing objects. Its size can be adjusted using the Options dialogue box as shown in Module Introduction 2.

Figure 1-2

AutoCAD's Graphic Window - AutoCAD 2009-2012

The size of the crosshairs can be changed. For the AutoCAD 2D Modules and most other AutoCAD work, it is best to have them full screen as shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2.

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Figure 1-5 Model and Layout Tabs

Status Bar

The status bar, Figure 1-4, is positioned across the bottom of the Graphic window and becomes a very important part of the users day-to-day AutoCAD work.

The coordinate location or the XYZ coordinates of the current location of the crosshairs is displayed on the left side of the status bar. The coordinate location display can be enabled or disabled by clicking it with the left mouse button. Toggle buttons for ten of AutoCAD's features are located immediately to the right of the coordinate display. Most of these features will be taught in the AutoCAD 2D Modules.

Model and Layout Tabs

The Model and Layout tabs, Figure 1-5, are used to enable the display of the model or a layout. It will be discussed further in Module 18.

Command Line Window

The Command Line window is used to enter keyboard commands and user inputs. It is also used by AutoCAD to output information to the user. See Figure 1-6. It is one of the ways that the user communicates with AutoCAD and is a very important way for AutoCAD to communicate with the user. It is important for the users to watch this window closely as they is drawing. It is used by AutoCAD to ask for information, instruct the user to what data it requires or display answers to user inquiries. It will be discussed in much greater detail in Module 2.

Scroll Bars

The scroll bars work exactly the same as the scroll bars in other software programs. They can be used to scroll the drawing up, down, left or right. There is a much better way to scroll around the drawing as shown in Module 9. One important use of the scroll bar is that they indicate the overall size of the current drawing and the current viewing position on the drawing.

2009-2012

2007-2008 Figure 1-4

Figure 1-6

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AutoCAD’s Pull-Down and Toolbar Menus

AutoCAD's Menus

AutoCAD has many different menus that allow the user to communicate with it. The most useful ones are the pull-down and the toolbar menus as shown in Figure 1-7.

Pull-Down Menu

The pull-down menu Is located across the top of the Graphic window. When an item on the menu is clicked, with the left mouse button, the menu will pull down as shown in Figure 1-8. In this figure, the menu item Tools was clicked.

A Pull-Down Menu Flyout

If an item on the pull-down menu has a small solid triangle at the end, it has a flyout menu associated with it. Place the graphic cursor on the triangle to force the flyout menu to display as shown in Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-8 Pull-Down Menu

Figure 1-9 Flyout Menu

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Figure 1-13 Toolbar Menu List Figure 1-10 A Toolbar Menu -2007-2008 Figure 1-11 A Toolbar Menu - Showing a Tooltip

Toolbar Menus

The toolbar menus are a series of icons that are located on a collection of menu bars. See Figure 1-10 and 1-12. The display of each toolbar can be enabled or disabled at the user's discretion. If they were all displayed at the same time, they would virtually fill the Graphic window. Therefore, their display must be enabled or disabled, as required, by the current operation in the drawing. Toolbars can float inside the Graphic window or they can be docked along any one of the four sides. If the graphic cursor is placed on an icon in a toolbar, a tooltip will display indicating the purpose of the icon as shown in Figure 1-11. While the AutoCAD 2009-2012 toolbars have a slight different look, Figure 1-12, they work the same as in AutoCAD 2007-2008. AutoCAD allows

toolbars to be created or existing toolbar to be edited. This is taught in the AutoCAD 2D Advanced Modules.

Docked and Floating Toolbar Menus

In Figure 1-7, the toolbars across the top of the graphic window are

docked and the ones in the center are floating. To dock a toolbar, drag it by clicking and holding the left mouse button on the title strip along the top of the menu. Drag it to any one of the four sides and release the mouse button. It will automatically dock. To undock it, do the opposite.

Displaying Toolbar Menus

To enable or disable the display of toolbar menus, place the graphic cursor on any icon on a currently displayed toolbar and right-click the mouse. A list of all the available toolbar menus will display as shown in Figure 1-13. Click the name on the toolbar menu to toggle its display. A checkmark beside the toolbar's name indicates that its display is currently enabled.

Another method of disabling the display of a toolbar menu is to click the X in the top right hand corner of the toolbar.

Figure 1-12 An AutoCAD

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A Dialogue Box

Dialogue Boxes

AutoCAD uses many different dialogue boxes to speed the drawing process. A dialogue box

is an effective and efficient method for AutoCAD to allow the user to modify or enter information, settings and sizes. While a dialogue box is open, no other work can be done on the current drawing. It must be closed before continuing to the next command. A typical dialogue box is shown in Figure 1-14. When a pull-down item has 3 dots after the word, Figure 1-15, it indicates that, when clicked, it will open a dialogue box or a window.

Windows

AutoCAD uses many different windows to speed the drawing process. Compared to a dialogue box, a window is a more efficient method for AutoCAD and the user to communicate. Windows are interactive and display data and information about the current drawing or objects in that drawing as the drawing is being worked on. Unlike a dialogue box, a window can remain on the screen as the user is working on the drawing and updates

automatically. A typical window is shown in Figure 1-16. Figure 1-15

Figure 1-16 A Window

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Figure 1-17 Cursor Menu for

the FILLET Command

Figure 1-18 AutoCAD’s Text Window

The Mouse

AutoCAD is programed to use the three buttons on a mouse as follows:

Left Button: This is the pick button. Use it to pick objects, pick menu items or to select locations on the drawing.

Middle Button: The middle button, or wheel, is used to zoom and pan around the drawing. This will be discussed in detail in Module 9. Right Button: The right button has two uses. If pressed and released

quickly, it repeats the last command. If pressed and held in, it displays the cursor menu. See Figure 1-17. The cursor menu display differently depending on the current or last command entered. It can be a very helpful menu once the user get used to working with it.

AutoCAD's Text Window

AutoCAD's Text window, Figure 1-18, displays all of the commands that were entered by the user and AutoCAD's responses to those command for the duration the current drawing is active. This is one way for the user to look back at the commands, user input and AutoCAD's responses. To toggle the display of the text window, press F2.

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Learning to Use AutoCAD's Interface

For AutoCAD 2009-2012 Users If you are using AutoCAD 2007-2008, skip to page 1-16. Step 1 Open AutoCAD. The Graphic window will display. (Figure Step 1)

Authors Comments: Do not be concerned if your Graphic window does not match the figure exactly.

Step 2 Check to ensure that the tab Model is enabled in model and layout tabs. If it is not, enable it by clicking it with the left mouse button. (Figure Step 2)

Authors Comments: The Model tab should be enabled at all times, while working on workalongs and lab exercises in the AutoCAD 2D Modules, unless you are instructed otherwise. Module 18 will teach you how work in the layouts.

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Step 3 Disable all features on the status bar by clicking any that display with a blue background as shown in Figure Step 3A. All features should display with a gray background as shown in Figure Step 3B. (Figure Step 3A and 3B)

Authors Comments:Important Unless otherwise instructed, each time you start a workalong or lab exercise while working on the AutoCAD 2D Modules, all features on the status bar should be disabled as shown in Figure Step 3B.

Step 4 Click the coordinate display, located at the left end of the status bar, to disable it as shown in Figure Step 4A. Click it again to enable it a shown in Figure Step 4B. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)

Authors Comments: The coordinate display should be enabled while working in AutoCAD. While it is not used a lot in day to day drawing, it can be very handy at times.

Step 5 Click the Draw item in the pull-down menu to pull down the menu. Hold the graphic cursor over the flyout triangle at the end of the Circle command to force the flyout to display. (Figure Step 5)

Figure Step 3A

Figure Step 3B

Figure Step 4A

Figure Step 4B

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click the mouse. This will pull down a list of all available toolbar menus. The ones that are preceded with checkmarks are enabled and are currently displayed in the Graphic window. Ensure that the toolbars Draw, Layers, Modify, Properties Standard and Styles are the only ones enabled. Click on the name to toggle the display of the toolbar. (Figure step 6)

Authors Comments: Do not be concerned if your list of toolbars does not match the figure exactly.

Step 7 Move the graphic cursor onto the lines at the end of the Layers toolbar. Press and hold the left mouse button down and drag the toolbar somewhere into the Graphic window and release the button.

(Figure Step 7A, 7B and 7C)

Authors Comments: This step may be a little tricky the first few tries. Practice it until it you can do it easily.

Step 8 Move the cursor onto bars at the end of the Layers toolbar and hold it for a few seconds. The toolbar's name, Layers, will display as a tooltip. (Figure Step 8)

Figure Step 6 Figure Step 7A

Figure Step 7B

Figure Step 7C

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Step 9 Using what you learned in Step 7, pull all six toolbars into the Graphic window as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 9A and 9B)

Authors Comments: The six toolbars are now floating toolbars. Figure Step 9A

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docking them to the locations shown in the figure. (Figure Step 10)

Authors Comments: Dragging and docking the toolbar can be a little tricky at first. Practice it until it is easy for you to do. The six toolbars are now all docked.

Step 11 Using what you learned earlier in the workalong, enable the display of the Modify II toolbar. It will display as a floating toolbar. (Figure Step 11A and 11B)

Figure Step 10

Figure Step 11A

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Step 12 Move the cursor onto the top edge of the Modify II toolbar until the cursor displays as double arrows. See Figure Step 12A. Press the left mouse button and while holding it down, drag the toolbar upwards until it matches Figure Step 12C.

(Figure Step 12A, 12B and 12C)

Authors Comments: Changing the shape of a toolbar can be a little tricky at first. Practice it until it is easy for you to do.

Step 13 Using what you learned in Step 11 and 12, enable the display of the Object Snap toolbar and change its appearance to match the figure. (Figure Step 13)

Step 14 Close the Object Snap and Modify II toolbars by clicking the X in the top right corner of each toolbar.

Authors Comments: As you can see, toolbars can easily be displayed, changed in shape or moved around the Graphic window as needed. Open them, when required, in the drawing process and closed them when the process is completed. While working on the AutoCAD 2D Modules, leave the 6 toolbars displays enabled and docked at all times as shown in Figure Step 10.

Step 15 Click Format on the pull down menu and then click Units to open Drawing Units dialogue box.

Figure Step 12C Figure Step 12B

Figure Step 12A

Figure Step 13

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Authors Comments: Always close a dialogue box using the OK or the Cancel button. If you close it by clicking the X in the top right corner, you are

cancelling all changes that you made while the box was open. If you want to cancel the changes, click the Cancel button to close the dialogue box.

Step 17 Move the cursor onto the icons in the Standard toolbar. As you move it over the icons, tooltips, with the toolbar's name, will display. Find the Properties icon. Click it to open the Properties window. (Figure Step 17A and 17B)

Step 18 Click the X in the top corner of the window to close it.

Authors Comments: Windows are different than dialogue box as they are interactive. Any changes made, while they are open, are made immediately. That makes it ok to close them by clicking the X.

Figure Step 15B

Figure Step 17A

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Step 19 Press the function key F2. It will open the Text window as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 19)

Step 20 Press the function key F2 again to close the Text window.

Step 21 Click File to pull down the menu. Click Exit to close AutoCAD. If you are asked if you want to save the drawing, click No. (Figure Step 21)

Step 22 Go to Module 2.

Figure Step 19

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Learning to Use AutoCAD's Interface

For AutoCAD 2007-2008 Users If you are using AutoCAD 2009-2012, go to Module 2. Step 1 Open AutoCAD. The Graphic window will display. (Figure Step 1)

Authors Comments: Do not be concerned if your Graphic window does not match the figure exactly.

Step 2 Check to ensure that the tab Model is enabled in model and layout tabs. If it is not, enable it by clicking it with the left mouse button. (Figure Step 2)

Authors Comments: The Model tab should be enable at all times while working on workalongs and lab exercises in the AutoCAD 2D Modules unless you are instructed otherwise. Module 18 will teach you how work in the layouts.

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Step 3 Disable all features on the status bar by clicking any that are enabled as shown in Figure Step 3A. All features should display as shown in Figure Step 3B. (Figure Step 3A and 3B)

Authors Comments:Important Unless otherwise instructed, each time you start a workalong or lab exercise while working on the AutoCAD 2D Modules, all features on the status bar should be disabled as shown in Figure Step 3B.

Step 4 Click the coordinate display, located at the left end of the status bar, to disable it as shown in Figure Step 4A. Click it again to enable it a shown in Figure Step 4B. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)

Authors Comments: The coordinate display should be enabled while working in AutoCAD. While it is not used a lot in day to day drawing, it can be very handy at times.

Step 5 Click the Draw item in the pull-down menu to pull down the menu. Hold the graphic cursor over the flyout triangle at the end of the Circle command to force the flyout to display. (Figure Step 5)

Figure Step 3A

Figure Step 3B

Figure Step 4A

Figure Step 4B

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the mouse. This will pull down a list of all available toolbar menus. The ones that are preceded with checkmarks are enabled and are currently displayed in the Graphic window. Ensure that the toolbars Draw, Layers, Modify, Properties Standard and Styles are the only ones enabled. Click on the name to toggle the display of the toolbar. (Figure step 6)

Authors Comments: Do not be concerned if your list of toolbars does not match the figure exactly.

Step 7 Move the graphic cursor onto the lines at the end of the Layers toolbar. Press and hold down the left mouse button and drag the toolbar somewhere into the Graphic window and release the button. (Figure Step 7A, 7B and 7C)

Authors Comments: This step may be a little tricky the first few tries. Practice it until it you can do it easily.

Figure Step 6 Figure Step 7A

Figure Step 7B

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Step 8 Using what you learned in Step 7, pull all six toolbars into the Graphic window as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 8A and 8B)

Authors Comments: The six toolbars are now floating toolbars. Figure Step 8A

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docking them to the locations shown in the figure. (Figure Step 9)

Authors Comments: Dragging and docking the toolbar can be a little tricky at first. Practice it until it is easy for you to do. The toolbars are now docked.

Step 10 Using what you learned earlier in the workalong, enable the display of the Modify II toolbar. It will display as a floating toolbar. (Figure Step 10A and 10B)

Figure Step 9

Figure Step 10A

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Step 11 Move the cursor on the top edge of the Modify II toolbar until the cursor displays as double arrows. See Figure Step 11A. Press the left mouse button and while holding it down drag the toolbar upwards until it matches Figure Step 11C. (Figure Step 11A, 11B and 11C)

Authors Comments: Changing the shape of a toolbar can be a little tricky at first. Practice it until it is easy for you to do.

Step 12 Using what you learned in Step 10 and 11, enable the display of the Object Snap toolbar and change its appearance to match the figure. (Figure Step 12)

Step 13 Close the Object Snap and Modify II toolbar by clicking the X in the top right corner of each toolbar.

Authors Comments: As you can see, toolbars can easily be displayed, changed in shape or moved around the Graphic window as required. Open them when to use them in the drawing process and closed them when the process is complete. While working on the AutoCAD 2D Modules, leave the 6 toolbars display enabled and docked at all times as shown in Figure Step 9.

Figure Step

11A Figure Step 11B

Figure Step 11A

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AutoCAD's User Interface The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2011 Module 1 Step 14 Click Format on the pull down menu and then click Units to open Drawing Units dialogue box. (Figure Step 14A and 14B)

Step 15 Click OK to close the dialogue box.

Authors Comments: Always close a dialogue box using the OK or the Cancel button. If you close it by clicking the X in the top right corner, you are cancelling all changes that you made while the box was open. If you want to cancel the changes, click the Cancel button to close the dialogue box.

Figure Step 14A

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Step 16 Move the cursor onto the icons in the Standard toolbar. As you move it over the icons tooltips, with the toolbar's name, will display. Find the Properties icon. Click it to open the Properties window.

Step 17 Click the X in the top corner to close the window.

Authors Comments: Windows are different than

dialogue box as they are live and any changes made, while they are open, are made immediately. That makes it ok to close them by clicking the X in the top corner.

Step 18 Press the function key F2. It will open the Text window as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 18)

Step 19 Press the function key F2 again to close the Text window.

Figure Step 16B Figure Step 16A

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AutoCAD's User Interface The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2011 Module 1 Step 20 Click File to pull down the menu. Click Exit to close AutoCAD. If you are asked if you want to save the drawing, click No. (Figure Step 20)

Figure Step 20

The Key Principles in Module 1

1 The Graphic window is used most of the time when working in AutoCAD.

2 The crosshairs indicates the user's current location. Think of it as the point of the pencil. It is used extensively while working in AutoCAD. It is one of the most important tools.

3 The pickbox, is a small square located at the intersection of the crosshairs.

4 The status bar is positioned across the bottom of the Graphic window and becomes a very important part of the users day-to-day AutoCAD work.

5 The Model and Layout tabs are used to enable the display of the model or a layout.

6 The Command Line window is used to enter keyboard commands and user inputs. It is also used by AutoCAD to output information to the user.

7 The down menu Is located across the top of the Graphic window. If an item on the pull-down menu has a small solid triangle at the end, it has a flyout menu associated with it.

8 The toolbar menus are a series of icons that are located on a collection of menu bars.

9 AutoCAD uses many different dialogue boxes to speed the drawing process. A dialogue box is an effective and efficient method for AutoCAD to allow the user to modify or enter information, settings and sizes.

10 AutoCAD uses many different windows to speed the drawing process. Compared to a dialogue box, a window is a more efficient method for AutoCAD and the user to communicate. 11 AutoCAD is programed to use the three buttons on a mouse. The left button is the pick button. 12 AutoCAD's Text window displays all of the commands that were entered by the user and AutoCAD's responses to those command for the duration the current drawing is active. To toggle the display of the text window, press F2.

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AutoCAD

®

Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2D

Module 2

Getting Started

Learning Outcomes

1 Describe a drawing, a drawing template, drawing names and drawing file extensions. 2 Apply the commands NEW, QSAVE, OPEN, SAVEAS and CLOSE to start a new drawing, name and save the current drawing into a specified folder, open a filed drawing, save the current drawing with a different name and close a drawing.

3 Describe an AutoCAD command including option prompts and defaults. 4 Describe how to execute, repeat and abort commands.

An AutoCAD Drawing

An AutoCAD drawing is a database file containing graphical and non-graphical data and must have the extension .dwg. To be able to do anything in AutoCAD, there must be at least one drawing open. Multiple drawings can be opened at the same time and the user can switch between them, as required. Only one drawing can be current at a time. The current drawing is the drawing currently being affected by the commands entered by the user. It is sometimes called the active drawing.

Drawing Templates

A drawing template is a drawing file that may contain layouts, defaults, blocks and standards set by the creator of the template and used to start a new drawing. A template files must be used to start a new drawing. A template drawing is simply an AutoCAD drawing saved as a template file. AutoCAD assigns it the file extension name .dwt. Creating template files is taught in the AutoCAD 2D Advanced eBook.

Drawing Templates for the AutoCAD 2D eBook

There are four drawing templates that are an

important part of the AutoCAD 2D Modules. One of these templates must be used to start all new drawings when working on a workalongs or lab exercises in the modules.

These template are supplied to each user of the AutoCAD 2D eBook and should be saved in the Templates folder as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1

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.dwg AutoCAD Drawing

.dwt AutoCAD Drawing Template .bak Back-up file

Figure 2-2

AutoCAD File Extension Names

AutoCAD File Extensions

AutoCAD uses many different file extension names. The file extensions used in the AutoCAD 2D Modules are .dwg, .dwt, and .bak. See Figure 2-2. The other AutoCAD file extensions are taught in the AutoCAD 2D Advanced Modules.

AutoCAD creates a .bak file when a

previously saved drawing is saved. When the drawing is saved, AutoCAD changes the extension of the existing drawing from .dwg to .bak and then creates a new file with the extension .dwg. If a drawing file ever gets lost or corrupted, the extension name of the .bak file can be changed to .dwg and opened in AutoCAD.

The Drawing Name

Each drawing should be assigned a unique name. It is important to name a new drawing as soon as possible after it has been started. Getting into this habit will save many hours of searching the disk drive looking for existing drawings or redrawing lost drawings.

2007-2008

AutoCAD Command:

NEW

The NEW command is used to start a new drawing. Shortcut: CTRL+N

2009-2012

2007-2008

AutoCAD Command:

QSAVE

The QSAVE command is used to save the current drawing.

Shortcut: CTRL+S

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2007-2008

AutoCAD Command:

OPEN

The OPEN command is used to open an existing drawing. Shortcut: CTRL+O

2009-2012

AutoCAD Command:

SAVEAS

The SAVEAS command is used to save the current drawing with a new name. Shortcut: CTRL+SHIFT+S

AutoCAD Command:

CLOSE

The CLOSE command is used to close the current drawing.

Shortcut: none

When you save an AutoCAD drawing for the first time it adds the extension .dwg to the drawing's name. When you save a drawing that was previously saved,

AutoCAD changes the extension of the existing drawing file to .bak and creates a new drawing file with the extension .dwg. If a drawing file ever gets lost or

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Creating, Naming, Saving, Opening and Closing Drawings

Step 1 Start AutoCAD. Your graphic screen should be similar to the figure. (Figure Step 1)

2009-2012

2007-2008 Figure Step 1

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Step 2 Enter the NEW command. It will open the Select template dialogue box. Select the template 2D English and click Open (Figure Step 2)

Author's Comments: If you do NOT see the four templates files shown in Figure Step 2, you must go back and redo Steps 10 to Step 13 in the module AutoCAD 2D Introduction 2. Do not continue in this module until your dialogue box matches Figure Step 2. If you have trouble getting it to match, email your instructor for help.

Step 3 Note the drawing name Drawing1.dwg displays on the top bar of the graphic window. (Figure Step 3)

Author's Comments: This is the drawing name that was assigned by AutoCAD when you started the drawing with the NEW command. Don't be concerned if the number at the end of the drawing name is different.

Step 4 Enter the QSAVE command to open the Save Drawing As dialogue box. Find and select the folder CAD Courses. Under it, select AutoCAD 2D and under that, Lab Exercise. (Figure Step 4A, 4B and 4C)

Figure Step 2

2009-2012

2007-2008 Figure Step 3