Basics Road Lighting Printout

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Uwe Rabenstein

LiDAC

April 8, 2009

Hochschule Wismar

Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Freedom of design

- Free arrangements of the luminares?

- bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?

- Which luminare design?

Freedom of design

- The safety for the traffic has abolute priority!

- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and

height are results of the official standards.

- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed.

- Different light colours are possible, but the target

is an efficacy lightinstallation.

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Classification of roadlighting

mainroads

sideroads

junction / roundabout

tunnels / subway crossing

shopping roads

residential roads

Standards/recommendations for roadlighting

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;

(ME-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² to 2cd/m²); CIE 115-1995

DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;

(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² or 3lx resp. 7lx); CIE 115-1995

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;

(CE-classes with 7.5lx to 50lx); CIE 115-1995

DIN EN 13201 parts 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;

(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.3cd/m² or 2lx resp. 10lx) ; CIE 115-1995

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;

(CE- or S-classes); CIE 115-1995

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cd/m² ?

lx?

basics of light

Visual job: recognize objects on the road

luminance cd/m²

illuminance lx

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level of brightness

100000lx - sunlight

20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer

max. 1lx - moonlight

betw. 2 and 30lx - roadlighting

5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter

Requirements for roadlighting

Negativ-contrast (dark object opposite to the bright background)

• luminances

L

_average

= 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m

2 • illuminances

Eh

average

= 2 - 30 lux

• uniformity

U

_L

(along) = 0.5 - 0.7

U

O

(hole) = min/average 0.3 - 0.4

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Influence of the luminace level for the traffic

luminace of the road L

P

h

p

q

E

L

=

• )

,

(

α

β

γ

q

=

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Influence of the local uniformity for the traffic

uniformity U0 and UL

Uniformity overall

Uniformity along

n

L

U

n

p

∑

=

0 max

min

/

R

L

UL

=

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Glare?

What is glare?

Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is

created by luminares. This differences create a

physiological-psychological effect which has influence to:

• Visual comfort

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Kinds of glare

Psychological glare

(discomfort)

-> create a discomfort and with a influence over a long period, the working

capacity is reduced.

Physiological glare

(disability glare)

-> reduce the visiual power in kind of

- visual sharpness

- contrast recognization

- lower working capacity

Base for the visibility

… is the contrast between difference objects.

C

o

contrast

L

_u

luminance in the surrounding

L

_o

luminance on the object

u

o

L

C

=

−

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Influence from glare for the visibility

The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.

C

o

contrast

L

_u

luminance in the surrounding

L

_o

luminance on the object

L

_v

equivalent veiling luminance

v

u

o

L

C

+

−

=

Threshold increment

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Threshold increment

θ

Object dimension = 8’

L

v

equivalent veiling luminance

L

u

adapted luminace

E

k

illuminace in the eye of the observer

θ

k

angle in grad between the line of view and the line of connection from observer to the luminare

K

age factor (K=10 for a observer which is 23 years old)

Threshold increment

8 .

0

65 u

v

L

=

TI

∑

=

n

k

v

E

K

=

L

1

2 k

k

θ

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good

< 10

acceptable

10 disagreeable

> 15

Glare level

Threshold Increment (TI)

Threshold increment

values for threshold increment

Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die

Schleier-leuchtdichte erhöhen, ohne notwendigerweise die mittlere Leuchtdichte im

Gesichtsfeld zu erhöhen.

Threshold increment

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Threshold increment

When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?

• The direction of view is in one line with the area which is observed.

• The observed area has to be in the field of view from the observer.

Threshold increment

30 m

Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.

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Lightingdesign for a boulevard

Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard

- speed of the traffic

- main user and other user which is allowed to use

- impossible user

- sectional view of the road (with/without middlelane)

- number of traffic in the darkness (cars per hour and lane)

- surroundbrightness and crime

- intensity of bicycles

- precaution for less traffic and parking cars

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Information (example)

- Character:

mainroad

- average luminance

1.0cd/m²

- uniformity overall U0

0.40 - uniformity along UL

0.60 - Character:

footpath

- average illuminance

5lx

- minimum illuminance

1lx

Choose a luminare

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Choose a luminare

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IRIDIUM 252 IRIDIUM 253 KOFFER 70 MINIKOFFERKOFFER 100 KOFFER 150 KOFFER 250 SGS 201 SGS 203 SGS 204

SEIL-KOFFER 70 KOFFER 150SEIL- KOFFER 250SEIL- AnsatzleuchteFlache SeilleuchteFlache RESIDIUM

Choose a luminare

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Asymmetrical floodlight

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

round and symmetrical optic

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Lineshape uplighting optic

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Linear small UrbanLine (S)

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Linear symmetrical with UrbanLine (SC)

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Linear asymmetrical with UrbanLine (A)

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Roadlighting optic

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Roadlighting optic

Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic for

T-lamps - height of the luminare regarding a good uniformity

ME

ideal

height of the luminare

= road width +1m

1-3

acceptable

height of the luminare

= road width

4-5

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic

for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for ME-classes regarding a

good uniformity

ME

ideal

spacing = height of the luminare x 4-5

1-3

acceptable

spacing = height of the luminare x 5-6

4-5

minimum

spacing = height of the luminare x 6-7

6 Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting

optic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for S-classes

regarding a good uniformity

Optic CT, OR, T

Spacing

=

height of the luminare x 5 - 7

Optic WB

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics

-height of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity

ideal

height of the luminare

= road width

acceptable

height of the luminare

= road width -1m

minimum

height of the luminare

= road width -2m

Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics

-spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting

- Location of the poles

location

appr. –2m to +2m behind the kerbstone

- Mounting on a arm

Angle of the arm

max. 15°

Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting

The values for the brightness is controlled by the lamppower. Which

lamppower is necessary? This information can find in same design

sheets or via calculation by software. Foundation for this is to have

all the information on the pages before.

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Position 3 (5)*

Position 1

_{Position 5 (11)*}

Reflector positions

* sodium lamps (cosmopolis lamps)

Arrangement of luminares

singlesided

doublesided

central

Doublesided shifted

wallmounted

rope

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53

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Determination of the illuminance classes

www.planungstool.philips.com

Calculux Road Wizard

C:\Programme\Calculux\Road

Wizard\road wizard.exe

Link for downloads of calculux and road wizard

http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/calculux/index.

php?main=de_de&parent=1_8&id=de_de_calculux&lang=de

Software and tools for light calculation

• Calculux 7.0 (Philips)

• DIALux 4.6 (DIAL)

• Relux 2009 (Relux)

• Designtools as PDF-Files (Philips)

• LCI – Lightingdesign software (Prof. Stockmar)

• …

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Design tools

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Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard

DIN 67523)

Definition:

b

= roadwith

c

= width of the pedestrian crossing

w =

waiting

area

dL

= spacing of the valuation grid

A –F

= valuation points

Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard

DIN 67523)

Definition:

= valuation points

- Spacing of the valuation points on lane E-F max. 1m - height of the valuation level 1m

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Pedestrian crossing without any additional light

E

V

≥ 4 lx

SR ≥ 0,5

TI ≤ 15 %

U

l

≥ 0.7

U

0

≥ 0.4

L

m

≥ 1.5 cd/m²

KB = 1

U

0

= 0.4

L

m

= 2cd/m²

Vertical illuminance on the axis E-F

(maintenance value)

Surround ratio (Minimum)

Threshold increment (highest value)

Uniformity along (Minimum)

Class of the glare limitation

Uniformity overall (Minimum)

Uniformity overall

Average road luminance

(maintenance value)

Luminance (nominal value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX

DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

This lightsituation has to be

realized min. 50m before and

behind the pedestrian crossing.

Pedestrian crossing without any additional light

E

vmin

≥ 4 lx

E

vm

= 30 lx

E

vmin

≥ 5 lx

E

vm

= 40 lx

Average vertical illuminance on each

calculation points

(maintenance value)

Average vertical illuminance on

each calculation points

(nominal value)

Average vertical illuminance on the

axis in the middle of the pedestrian

crossing (maintenance value)

Average vertical illuminance on the

axis in the middle of the pedestrian

crossing (nominal value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX

DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

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Pedestrian crossing - requirements

TI ≤ 15 %

U

l

≥ 0.4

U

0

≥ 0.35

L

m

≥ 0.3 cd/m²

KB = 1

U

0

> 0.3

L

m

= 0.3cd/m²

Threshold increment (Highest value)

Uniformity along (Minimum)

Klasse der Blendungsbegrenzung

Uniformity overall (Minimum)

Uniformity overall

Average luminance of the road

(maintenance value) ME6

Luminance of the road (nominal

value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX

DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

Diese Beleuchtungsverhältnisse

müssen mindestens 100m vor

und hinter und dem FGÜ gegeben

sein.

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Pedestrian crossing – design tools

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Roundabout

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Roundabout – design tools

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Roundabout - example

Aachen – Europaplatz, Metronomis

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Freedom of design

- Free arrangements of the luminares?

- Bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?

- Which luminare design?

Limitation for the design

- safety for footsteps from persons are neccesarry

- Visibility from persons/faces are benefical

- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are

results of the official standards.

- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. Different light

colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation

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Standards/recommendations for car park lighting

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4 - Roalighting

(light for official car parcs included)

DIN EN 12464 part II - Light on outdoor

workspaces (light for privat car parcs included)

Requirements

Visibility from steps, persons, objects and cars

DIN EN 13201

12464 part II

• illuminance

Eh

_average

= 7.5 - 30 lux

5 – 20 lux

• Uniformity overall

U0 = 0.40

0.25

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Colour of the light and colourrendering

SON

Ra 25

CDM/CP

O

Ra 80

SOX

Ra

--Rules of thumb for a car park lighting design

Number of luminares

n number of

luminares

A area in

m²

η

_B

utilisationfactor for the installation

Φ

_L

Luminous flux from the luminare

Spacing anlong

= height of the luminares x 3 ... 4

(along)

En x A x 1.25

η

_B

x Φ

_L

n =

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Standarddimension on a car park

detail

4.5-5m

6-8m

2.5m

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Asymmetrical floodlight

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Possible luminare arrangement with floodlights

height = 8-10m

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

round and symmetrical optic

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Possible luminare arrangement with lantern

height = 4-6m

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Roadlighting optic

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Possible luminare arrangement with street lighting luminares

height = 6-8m

Valuation of the number of luminares regarding the

utilisation factor method

Dimension of the car park

70m x 74m

Dimension of the store

53m x 31m

Kind of luminare

Koffer² 70

lamp/luminous flux

CPO-TW 60W/6800lm

utilisationfactor for installation

appr. 0.45 – 0.50

En x A x 1.25

η

_B

x Φ

_L

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Results of the lighting design via computer

1xCPO-TW 60W

Lph = 6m

Em = 15.2lx

g1 = 0.27

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Energiesaving but how?

Full/normal operation

Each 2.luminare are

switched off

Reduced operation

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