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O F F I C I A L M I C R O S O F T L E A R N I N G P R O D U C T
20409B
Server Virtualization with Windows Server
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ii Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center
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Product Number: 20409B Part Number: X19-32457 Released: 02/2014
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MICROSOFT LICENSE TERMS
MICROSOFT INSTRUCTOR-LED COURSEWARE
These license terms are an agreement between Microsoft Corporation (or based on where you live, one of its affiliates) and you. Please read them. They apply to your use of the content accompanying this agreement which includes the media on which you received it, if any. These license terms also apply to Trainer Content and any updates and supplements for the Licensed Content unless other terms accompany those items. If so, those terms apply.
BY ACCESSING, DOWNLOADING OR USING THE LICENSED CONTENT, YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THEM, DO NOT ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE THE LICENSED CONTENT. If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below for each license you acquire. 1. DEFINITIONS.
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j. “MOC” means the “Official Microsoft Learning Product” instructor-led courseware known as Microsoft Official Course that educates IT professionals and developers on Microsoft technologies.
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l. “Personal Device” means one (1) personal computer, device, workstation or other digital electronic device that you personally own or control that meets or exceeds the hardware level specified for the particular Microsoft Instructor-Led Courseware.
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vii. you will only use qualified Trainers who have in-depth knowledge of and experience with the Microsoft technology that is the subject of the Microsoft Instructor-Led Courseware being taught for all your Authorized Training Sessions,
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c. If you are a MPN Member:
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vi. you will ensure that each Trainer teaching an Private Training Session has their own valid licensed copy of the Trainer Content that is the subject of the Private Training Session,
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ii. You may customize the written portions of the Trainer Content that are logically associated with instruction of a training session in accordance with the most recent version of the MCT agreement. If you elect to exercise the foregoing rights, you agree to comply with the following: (i)
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b. Outside the United States. If you acquired the Licensed Content in any other country, the laws of that country apply.
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Please note: As this Licensed Content is distributed in Quebec, Canada, some of the clauses in this agreement are provided below in French.
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Elle s’applique également, même si Microsoft connaissait ou devrait connaître l’éventualité d’un tel dommage. Si votre pays n’autorise pas l’exclusion ou la limitation de responsabilité pour les dommages indirects, accessoires ou de quelque nature que ce soit, il se peut que la limitation ou l’exclusion ci-dessus ne s’appliquera pas à votre égard.
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xii Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center
Acknowledgments
Microsoft Learning wants to acknowledge and thank the following for their contribution toward
developing this title. Their effort at various stages in the development has ensured that you have a good classroom experience.
Slavko Kukrika – Content Developer
Slavko Kukrika has been a Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT) for more than 15 years. He holds many technical certifications, and he is honored to be one of Microsoft Most Valuable Professionals (MVPs). He has worked with virtualization since the early days of Windows Virtual PC, and he cannot imagine life without it. He regularly presents at technical conferences, and he is author of several Microsoft Official Courses. In his private life, Slavko is the proud father of two sons, and he tries to extend each day to at least 25 hours!
Dave Franklyn – Content Developer
Dave Franklyn, MCT, Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE), Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP), Microsoft MVP Windows Expert--It Pro, is a Senior Information Technology Trainer and
Consultant at Auburn University in Montgomery, Alabama, and is the owner of DaveMCT, Inc. LLC. He also is an East U.S.A. Microsoft Regional Lead MCT. Dave has been a Microsoft MVP since 2011, and has been teaching at Auburn University since 1998. Working with computers since 1976, Dave started out in the mainframe world, and moved early into the networking arena. Before joining Auburn University, Dave spent 22 years in the US Air Force as an electronic communications and computer systems specialist, retiring in 1998. Dave is president of the Montgomery Windows IT Professional Group.
Orin Thomas – Subject Matter Expert
Orin Thomas is an MVP, an MCT and has a string of Microsoft MCSE and MCITP certifications. He has written more than 20 books for Microsoft Press and is a contributing editor at Windows IT Pro magazine. He has been working in IT since the early 1990s. He is a regular speaker at events such as TechED in Australia and around the world on Windows Server, Windows Client, System Center, and security topics. Orin founded and runs the Melbourne System Center Users Group.
Mitch Garvis – Technical Reviewer
Mitch Garvis is a renaissance man of the IT world. In addition to being a Virtual Technical Evangelist for Microsoft Canada, he also is a senior partner with SWMI Consulting Group. Among his numerous certifications are several MCITPs, as well as the new MCSE: Private Cloud. He lectures and trains on a variety of topics, including System Center, server virtualization, desktop deployment, and security. You can read his blog at www.garvis.ca, and follow him on Twitter as @MGarvis. In his spare time, he likes to break things, and has recently earned his Second Degree Black Belt in Taekwondo. He makes his home outside Toronto, Canada, where he has a wife, two kids, two dogs, and three minutes to himself every day.
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Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center xiii
Contents
Module 1: Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization
Lesson 1: Overview of Microsoft Virtualization 1-2 Lesson 2: Overview of System Center 2012 R2 Components 1-9 Lesson 3: Evaluating the Current Environment for Virtualization 1-16 Lesson 4: Extending Virtualization to the Cloud Environment 1-25 Lab: Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization 1-29
Module 2: Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role
Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Role 2-2
Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V 2-12
Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings 2-20 Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking 2-26 Lab: Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role 2-33
Module 3: Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks, Virtual Machines,
and Checkpoints
Lesson 1: Creating and Configuring Virtual Hard Disks 3-3 Lesson 2: Creating and Configuring Virtual Machines 3-14 Lab A: Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks and Virtual Machines 3-24 Lesson 3: Installing and Importing Virtual Machines 3-30 Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Machine Checkpoints 3-37
Lesson 5: Monitoring Hyper-V 3-46
Lesson 6: Designing Virtual Machines for Server Roles and Services 3-53 Lab B: Creating and Managing Checkpoints and Monitoring Hyper-V 3-60
Module 4: Creating and Configuring Virtual Machine Networks
Lesson 1: Creating and Using Hyper-V Virtual Switches 4-2 Lab A: Creating and Using Hyper-V Virtual Switches 4-9 Lesson 2: Advanced Hyper-V Networking Features 4-13 Lab B: Creating and Using Advanced Virtual Switch Features 4-23 Lesson 3: Configuring and Using Hyper-V Network Virtualization 4-26 Lab C: Configuring and Testing Hyper-V Network Virtualization 4-34
Module 5: Virtual Machine Movement and Hyper-V Replica
Lesson 1: Providing High Availability and Redundancy for Virtualization 5-2 Lesson 2: Implementing Virtual Machine Movement 5-8 Lab A: Moving Virtual Machine and Configuring Constrained Delegation 5-14 Lesson 3: Implementing and Managing Hyper-V Replica 5-18 Lab B: Configuring and Using Hyper-V Replica 5-29
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xiv Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center
Module 6: Implementing Failover Clustering with Hyper-V
Lesson 1: Overview of Failover Clustering 6-2 Lesson 2: Configuring and Using Shared Storage 6-12 Lesson 3: Implementing and Managing Failover Clustering with Hyper-V 6-22 Lab: Implementing Failover Clustering with Hyper-V 6-31
Module 7: Installing and Configuring Microsoft System Center 2012 R2
Virtual Machine Manager
Lesson 1: Integrating System Center and Server Virtualization 7-2
Lesson 2: Overview of VMM 7-13
Lesson 3: Installing VMM 7-19
Lesson 4: Adding Hosts and Managing Host Groups 7-28 Lab: Installing and Configuring System Center 2012 R2 Virtual
Machine Manager 7-41
Module 8: Managing the Network and Storage Infrastructure in Microsoft
System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager
Lesson 1: Managing Networking Infrastructure 8-2 Lab A: Network Infrastructure Management 8-18 Lesson 2: Managing Storage Infrastructure 8-22 Lab B: Managing Infrastructure Storage 8-32 Lesson 3: Managing Infrastructure Updates 8-36 Lab C: Infrastructure Updates Management 8-42
Module 9: Creating and Managing Virtual Machines by Using Microsoft
System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager
Lesson 1: Virtual Machine Management Tasks in VMM 9-2 Lesson 2: Creating, Cloning, and Converting Virtual Machines 9-13 Lesson 3: Overview of Virtual Machine Updating 9-22 Lab: Creating and Managing Virtual Machines by Using System
Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager 9-26
Module 10: Configuring and Managing the Microsoft System Center 2012 R2
Virtual Machine Manager Library and Library Objects
Lesson 1: Overview of the Virtual Machine Manager Library 10-2 Lesson 2: Working with Profiles and Templates 10-9 Lab: Configuring and Managing the Microsoft System Center 2012 R2
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Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center xv
Module 11: Managing Clouds in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual
Machine Manager
Lesson 1: Introduction to Clouds 11-2
Lesson 2: Creating and Managing a Cloud 11-11 Lesson 3: Working With User Roles in Virtual Machine Manager 11-19 Lab: Managing Clouds in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2
Virtual Machine Manager 11-27
Module 12: Managing Services in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual
Machine Manager and App Controller
Lesson 1: Understanding Services in VMM 12-2 Lesson 2: Creating and Managing Services in VMM 12-9
Lesson 3: Using App Controller 12-16
Lab: Managing Services in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2
Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller 12-24
Module 13: Protecting and Monitoring Virtualization Infrastructure
Lesson 1: Overview of Backup and Restore Options for Virtual Machines 13-2 Lesson 2: Protecting Virtualization Infrastructure by Using DPM 13-9 Lesson 3: Using Operations Manager for Monitoring and Reporting 13-21 Lesson 4: Integrating VMM with Operations Manager 13-29 Lab: Monitoring and Reporting Virtualization Infrastructure 13-35
Module Review and Takeaways 13-40
Lab Answer Keys
Module 1 Lab: Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization L1-1 Module 2 Lab: Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role L2-7 Module 3 Lab A: Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks and
Virtual Machines L3-17
Module 3 Lab B: Creating and Managing Checkpoints and
Monitoring Hyper-V L3-25
Module 4 Lab A: Creating and Using Hyper-V Virtual Switches L4-35 Module 4 Lab B: Creating and Using Advanced Virtual Switch Features L4-40 Module 4 Lab C: Configuring and Testing Hyper-V Network
Virtualization L4-43
Module 5 Lab A: Moving Virtual Machine and Configuring
Constrained Delegation L5-47
Module 5 Lab B: Configuring and Using Hyper-V Replica L5-52 Module 6 Lab: Implementing Failover Clustering with Hyper-V L6-57 Module 7 Lab: Installing and Configuring System Center 2012 R2
Virtual Machine Manager L7-65
Module 8 Lab A: Network Infrastructure Management L8-73 Module 8 Lab B: Managing Infrastructure Storage L8-78
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xvi Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center
Module 8 Lab C: Infrastructure Updates Management L8-81 Module 9 Lab: Creating and Managing Virtual Machines by Using
System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager L9-83 Module 10 Lab: Configuring and Managing the Microsoft System
Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager Library and Library Objects L10-87 Module 11 Lab: Managing Clouds in Microsoft System
Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager L11-91
Module 12 Lab: Managing Services in Microsoft System
Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller L12-99 Module 13 Lab: Monitoring and Reporting Virtualization
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About This Course xvii
About This Course
This section provides a brief description of the course, audience, suggested prerequisites, and course objectives.
Course Description
This course will provide you with the knowledge and skills necessary to create, maintain, monitor, and protect a virtualization infrastructure. You will learn about creating and managing virtual machines, managing virtual machine networks, and providing high availability for a Windows Server® 2012 R2
Hyper-V® environment. This course also will describe how to create and manage virtual machines, clouds,
and services by using Microsoft® System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager (VMM).
Audience
This course is intended for IT professionals who design, implement, manage, and maintain virtualization infrastructures, and for IT decision makers who will determine which virtualization product to implement in their data centers. This course also is suitable for IT professionals who want to learn about current Microsoft virtualization technologies.
Student Prerequisites
This course requires that you meet the following prerequisites: • An understanding of TCP/IP, iSCSI, and networking. • An understanding of different storage technologies. • The ability to work on a team or a virtual team.
• Good documentation and communication skills to create proposals and make budget recommendations.
• An understanding of Windows PowerShell®.
Course Objectives
After completing this course, students will be able to:
• Evaluate their organization’s virtualization requirements and plan for server virtualization. • Install and configure the Hyper-V role.
• Create virtual machines, create and manage virtual hard disks, and work with checkpoints. • Create and configure virtual machine networks in a Hyper-V environment.
• Implement virtual machine movement and the Hyper-V Replica feature.
• Provide high availability for a Hyper-V environment by implementing failover clustering. • Manage a virtual environment by using VMM.
• Manage networking and storage infrastructure in VMM. • Create and manage virtual machines by using VMM. • Configure and manage a VMM library and library objects. • Create and manage clouds by using VMM.
• Create and manage services in VMM.
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xviii About This Course
Course Outline
The course outline is as follows:
Module 1, “Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization" describes the Microsoft virtualization products and System Center 2012 R2 components. It provides a broad overview of virtualization and a foundation for the following modules.
Module 2, “Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role" describes the Windows Server 2012 R2 features that are beneficial for Hyper-V. It also describes how to add the Hyper-V role to Windows Server 2012 R2, and how to configure the role.
Module 3, “Creating and Managing Virtual Hard Disks, Virtual Machines, and Checkpoints" describes how to create and configure virtual hard disks, virtual machines, and their components in the Hyper-V
environment. It also describes checkpoints and how to manage them in the Hyper-V environment. Module 4, “Creating and Configuring Virtual Machine Networks" describes Hyper-V virtual machine networking options and explains how network virtualization works in the Hyper-V environment. It also describes the different types of virtual switches, and how you can create and manage them.
Module 5, “Virtual Machine Movement and Hyper-V Replica" describes the configuration and use of Hyper-V, and the options that you can use to provide high availability in the Hyper-V environment. It also describes how to move virtual machines between Hyper-V hosts and how to use Hyper-V Replica.
Module 6, “Implementing Failover Clustering with Hyper-V" describes failover clustering, and how you can implement and manage it in the Hyper-V virtual environment. It also describes how you can use failover clustering to provide high availability for the Hyper-V environment.
Module 7, “Installing and Configuring Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager" describes how to install VMM, and explains its main features. It also describes how to add virtualization hosts to VMM, and manage virtualization hosts and host groups.
Module 8, “Managing the Network and Storage Infrastructure in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager" describes VMM networking options, and how to manage storage infrastructure and infrastructure updates in VMM.
Module 9, “Creating and Managing Virtual Machines by Using Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager" describes how to create and manage virtual machines in VMM, and how to configure virtual machine updating.
Module 10, “Configuring and Managing the Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager Library and Library Objects" describes how to use and manage the Virtual Machine Manager library, and how to configure library settings. It also explains how to use profiles and templates in VMM.
Module 11, “Managing Clouds in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager" describes how to create and manage clouds and user roles in VMM.
Module 12, “Managing Services in Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller" describes services in VMM and App Controller, and how to manage them. It also explains how to use App Controller for cloud management.
Module 13, “Protecting and Monitoring Virtualization Infrastructure" describes how to use the backup and restore options in VMM, and how to protect the virtualization infrastructure by using DPM. It also describes how to monitor the virtualization infrastructure and generate reports by using System Center 2012 R2 Operations Manager, and how to configure Operations Manager integration with VMM.
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About This Course xix
Course Materials
The following materials are included with your kit:
• Course Handbook: a succinct classroom learning guide that provides the critical technical information in a crisp, tightly-focused format, which is essential for an effective in-class learning experience.
• Lessons: guide you through the learning objectives and provide the key points that are critical to the success of the in-class learning experience.
• Labs: provide a real-world, hands-on platform for you to apply the knowledge and skills learned in the module.
• Module Reviews and Takeaways: provide on-the-job reference material to boost knowledge and skills retention.
• Lab Answer Keys: provide step-by-step lab solution guidance.
Course Companion Content on the http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us
/companion-moc.aspx Site: searchable, easy-to-browse digital content with integrated premium
online resources that supplement the Course Handbook.
• Modules: include companion content, such as questions and answers, detailed demo steps and additional reading links, for each lesson. Additionally, they include Lab Review questions and answers and Module Reviews and Takeaways sections, which contain the review questions and answers, best practices, common issues and troubleshooting tips with answers, and real-world issues and scenarios with answers.
• Resources: include well-categorized additional resources that give you immediate access to the most current premium content on TechNet, MSDN®, or Microsoft® Press®.
Student Course files on the http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/companion-moc.aspx Site: includes the Allfiles.exe, a self-extracting executable file that contains all required files for the labs and demonstrations.
• Course evaluation: At the end of the course, you will have the opportunity to complete an online evaluation to provide feedback on the course, training facility, and instructor.
• To provide additional comments or feedback on the course, send an email to
[email protected]. To inquire about the Microsoft Certification Program, send an email to [email protected].
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xx About This Course
Virtual Machine Environment
This section provides the information for setting up the classroom environment to support the business scenario of the course.
Virtual Machine Configuration
In this course, you will use Microsoft Hyper-V to perform the labs.
The following table shows the role of each virtual machine that is used in this course: Virtual machine �Role
20409B-LON-HOST1 Boot to VHD image – one of a pair
20409B-LON-HOST2 Boot to VHD image – second server in the pair 20409B-LON-DC1 Domain controller in the Adatum.com domain 20409B-LON-SVR1 Member server in the Adatum.com domain 20409B-LON-SVR2 Member server in the Adatum.com domain
20409B-LON-VMM1 Member server in the Adatum.com domain, Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 VMM and Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 App Controller will be installed on this server
20409B-LON-SS1 Windows Server 2012 R2 with Internet small computer system interface (iSCSI) target
20409B-LON-OM1 Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Operations Manager (Operations Manager)
20409B-LON-WSUS A Window Server Update Services server
20409B-LON-CL1 Windows 8.1 client with Microsoft Office 2013 installed 20409B-LON-CL2 Windows 8.1 client with Office 2013 installed
20409B-LON-TEST1 Stand-alone server 20409B-LON-TEST2 Stand-alone server
20409B-LON-PROD1 Stand-alone Windows 8.1 client 20409B-LON-PROD2 Stand-alone Windows 8.1 client
Classroom Setup
This course requires two host computers for the instructor and for each student (or pair of students working in a team). The two computers for each person must have network connectivity with each other, but must not be able to communicate with other computers on the network.
The two host computers will be configured to run Hyper-V as part of the classroom installation, or as part of the student labs. Each host computer will also host several virtual machines.
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About This Course xxi
Course Hardware Level
To ensure a satisfactory student experience, Microsoft Learning requires a minimum equipment configuration for trainer and student computers in all Microsoft Certified Partner for Learning Solutions (CPLS) classrooms in which Official Microsoft Learning Product courseware is taught.
Hardware Level 7
• 64-bit Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) processor (2.8 gigahertz [GHz] dual core or more recommended)
• Dual 500 gigabyte (GB) hard disks, 7200 RPM Serial ATA (SATA) or faster. Each hard disk must be configured as a separate drive labeled Drive C and Drive D
• 16 GB RAM
• DVD (dual layer recommended) • Network adapter
• Dual SVGA monitors that are 17 inches or larger, supporting 1,440 x 900 minimum resolution • Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device
• Sound card with amplified speakers
Additionally, the instructor computer must be connected to a projection display device that supports 1,280 x 1,024 pixels, with 16-bit color.
Navigation in Windows Server 2012 R2 or Windows 8.1
If you are not familiar with the user interface in Windows Server 2012 R2 or Windows 8.1, then the following information will help orient you to the new interface.
• Sign in and Sign out replace Log in and Log out.
• Administrative tools are found in the Tools menu of Server Manager.
• Move your mouse to the lower right corner of the desktop to open a menu with: • Settings: This includes Control Panel and Power.
• Start menu: This provides access to some applications.
• Search: This allows you to search applications, settings, and files. You also may find the following shortcut keys useful:
• Windows: Opens the Start menu.
• Windows+C: Opens the same menu as moving the mouse to the lower right corner. • Windows+I: Opens Settings.
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1-1
Module 1
Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization
Contents:
Module Overview 1-1
Lesson 1: Overview of Microsoft Virtualization 1-2 Lesson 2: Overview of System Center 2012 R2 Components 1-9 Lesson 3: Evaluating the Current Environment for Virtualization 1-16 Lesson 4: Extending Virtualization to the Cloud Environment 1-25 Lab: Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization 1-29
Module Review and Takeaways 1-33
Module Overview
Microsoft offers several virtualization technologies that organizations can use to resolve challenges that they encounter when running traditional server computing environments. For example, server virtualization can help reduce the number of physical servers, and provide a flexible and resilient server solution for businesses. This module provides an overview of the different Microsoft virtualization technologies, and explains how you can use these technologies to manage both virtualization and traditional infrastructures. This module also describes how to evaluate your business environment to plan for virtualization.
Note: For the purpose of this course, all instances of Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager are referred to as VMM.
Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
• Describe the various virtualization technologies and the scenarios where you would apply each technology.
• Describe the different Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 components, and explain how you can use them to manage both traditional and modern infrastructure solutions.
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1-2 Evaluating the Environment for Virtualization
Lesson 1
Overview of Microsoft Virtualization
Microsoft offers a number of virtualization technologies that administrators and infrastructure architects can use to create and administer a virtual environment. To use these tools effectively, it is important for administrators and infrastructure architects to know how and when to apply which Microsoft technology. In many cases, you can combine multiple technologies to build an effective virtualized business solution. For example, a new email infrastructure may consist of a server and several client systems, and you may want to consider the various virtualization technologies available before deciding on and implementing the one that best meets your business requirements. This lesson describes the different types of
virtualization technologies and the principles of cloud computing.
Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Describe the different types of virtualization technologies.
• Explain the scenarios where you would implement server virtualization. • Describe the features and benefits of network virtualization.
• Describe the features and benefits of user state virtualization. • Describe the features and benefits of presentation virtualization. • Describe the features and benefits of application virtualization. • Describe the features and benefits of cloud computing.
Different Types of Virtualization
Microsoft provides a host of virtualization options, each of which you can use to meet a specific set of challenges. The following list provides an overview of each type of virtualization: • Server virtualization. You can use servervirtualization to host a large number of virtual machines. Server Virtualization uses the Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V platform. • Desktop virtualization. Desktop virtualization
can refer to either client side virtualization, such as the Hyper-V client on a computer running Windows 8.1, or virtual desktop
infrastructure, where the client computer operating systems run on a server virtualization host. • User state virtualization. User state virtualization captures and centralizes application and Windows
operating system settings for users. This enables users to sign in to any device while retaining their settings.
• Presentation virtualization. Presentation virtualization allows desktops and applications that are running on a Remote Desktop Services server to display on remote clients.
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Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center 1-3
• Network virtualization. Network virtualization enables you to isolate networks used in server virtualization without requiring the implementation of virtual local area networks (VLANs).
• Application virtualization. You can use application virtualization to virtualize applications, which then enables applications to run in or be streamed to special containers on a host operating system. Note: Later topics in this lesson discuss in more detail each type of virtualization and the scenarios in which you would deploy them.
What Is Server Virtualization?
In Microsoft environments, server virtualization involves running virtual machines on a host that is running the Hyper-V role. Server virtualization abstracts a physical server’s resources, and then presents the resources to each virtual machine that is running on the physical host. For example, server virtualization allows y multiple virtual machines to share the same physical hardware, yet appear as separate servers on the organization network. Virtual machines (known as guests) that run on a Hyper-V server (known as a host) can run any supported operating system includingWindows Server, Windows client operating systems (such as Windows 8) and supported distributions of Linux.
Server virtualization allows you to use hardware resources more efficiently. Consider a scenario where you have separate computers running Microsoft Exchange Server 2013, Microsoft SQL Server 2012, Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013, file and print services, Domain Name System (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Additionally, you have another server functioning as an Active Directory domain controller. If you use server virtualization, you can instead configure a single appropriately provisioned server and run each of these separate computers as virtual machine guests. You can even make these virtual machines highly available by deploying additional appropriately provisioned servers running Hyper-V and configuring them in a failover cluster relationship.
Server virtualization allows you to detach the computer that is hosting a particular service or workload from the hardware on which that service or workload runs. For example, you may have a virtualized computer that hosts a SQL Server 2012 instance that is a guest on a Hyper-V host with other virtualized computers. If the virtualized computer that hosts the SQL Server 2012 instance requires more computing resources than are available on the current host, you can simply move the virtual machine to another Hyper-V host that has resources that better meet the requirements of the workload.
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What Is Desktop Virtualization?
Desktop virtualization often represents two separate concepts:• Client-side virtualization. A hypervisor runs on a desktop operating system such as Windows 8.1 and hosts a small number of virtual machines that the user will utilize. • Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI). The client
operating system runs on a remote server, and users connect to it by using a Remote Desktop client.
Client-Side Virtualization
Client-side virtualization uses the Hyper-V role on supported operating system editions and hardware running Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. Virtual machines running on Hyper-V client are compatible with servers running Hyper-V. Client-side virtualization is often used as an application compatibility solution, allowing individual users to run multiple versions of the Windows client operating system simultaneously on their client computer hardware.
You would typically use client-side virtualization in scenarios where you need to provide application compatibility to a small number of users. When larger numbers of users require an application compatibility solution, you should instead host the previous version of the Windows client operating system on a server running Hyper-V.
For example, consider a scenario where in an organization of several hundred people you have five users that need to run a series of applications on the Windows XP operating system for several months until a replacement solution can be found. All users in this organization have desktop computers that run the Windows 8.1 operating system. In this scenario, you should consider deploying Windows XP in a virtual machine that runs client Hyper-V. If you have a large number of users that need to run a series of incompatible applications, or the incompatible applications need to be used on a long-term basis, you might consider a different solution such as VDI or System Center 2012 R2 Application Virtualization (App-V).
VDI
VDI enables you to run some or all of an organization’s client computers as virtual machines. Users can connect to those virtual machines by using a Remote Desktop Client from any compatible computer or device. Client computers in a VDI deployment run as a pool of virtual machines, which provides organizations with the following benefits:
• One client accessible through any device. Because the client operating system runs independently of hardware, users can access their personal client virtual machine by using a variety of devices. VDI provides a solution for Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) environments, ensuring that a standardized environment is available even if each user has their own unique device.
• Reduced hardware costs. Instead of having to manage and maintain a client computer for each user, you only need to meet the minimum requirement of a keyboard, a mouse, and a display capable of running a Remote Desktop client.
• Simplified updates. Rather than updating clients individually, you can update virtual machines in a VDI deployment in a centralized way.
• Simplified deployment. You can deploy a new computer quickly from the existing virtual machine pool. This is simpler than having to install and manage the operating system, applications, hardware, and updates for each individual computer that you deploy.
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Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V® and System Center 1-5
• High availability. Because the client computer is a virtual machine, you can make it highly available by running it on highly available virtualization hosts. In the event that the hardware or device on which the client virtual machine runs experiences a hardware failure, you can issue a replacement without the user losing access to applications or data. This is because the operating system, applications, and data are kept separate from any client computer hardware.
• Backup and recovery. Because virtual machines are data, VDI simplifies the process of centrally backing up client computers.
What Is Network Virtualization?
Network virtualization provides a way to isolate virtual networks and the virtual machines that connect to them, without having to implement VLANs. Network virtualization is of primary interest to organizations that host large numbers of virtual machines that require isolation of one group of virtual machines from another. Isolation may be required because the different groups of virtual machines use the same IP address scheme, or there may be political or regulatory reasons why one set of virtual machines must be isolated from other groups of virtual machines.By using gateways or virtual private network (VPN) extensions, you can extend virtualized networks for isolated communication between Hyper-V hosts. Network virtualization provides many of the benefits that VLANs provide without requiring you to configure physical switches with appropriate VLAN IDs.
Hyper-V Network Virtualization technical details http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=285279
What Is User State Virtualization?
User State Virtualization allows users to sign in to any device while retaining their operating system and application settings. This provides users with a consistent Windows operating system and application experience. UE-V works with locally installed desktops or VDI with any combination of locally installed applications, App-V–sequenced application, and applications that use RemoteApp. User Experience Virtualization (UE-V) is aSystem Center 2012 tool that enables users to synchronize their user settings for both applications and operating system across multiple
computers. Virtualizing user settings is also known as user state virtualization. UE-V includes the following components:
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• User Experience Virtualization agent. This agent is installed on each computer that will synchronize the settings stored in the Settings storage location.
• Settings location templates. These are XML files that define what settings UE-V should monitor. The UE-V installation includes these templates.
• Settings package. These packages are generated by the UE-V agent, and are then copied to the Settings storage location.
User state virtualization is useful in environments where users might sign in to different computers or devices but need to access their customized and configured operating system and application settings. One example might be in a call center environment where users are assigned a separate desk each time they arrive at work, but where policies allow them to configure their own desktop background (including shortcuts) and operating system settings.
High-Level Architecture for UE-V 1.0
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=386654
What Is Presentation Virtualization?
Presentation virtualization is another way of describing the Remote Desktop and RemoteApp functionality of the Remote Desktop Services role in Windows Server 2012 R2. With presentation virtualization, the application, or the entire remote desktop runs on the server. The application user interface, or the computer’s desktop, displays on the client’s device.Presentation virtualization allows applications that would normally not be able to run on a client because of resource constraints, to be accessible on that client because the application runs on the
server. For example, you can use RemoteApp to run an app that requires 4 gigabytes (GB) of random access memory (RAM), on a computer with 2 GB of RAM. This is possible because the app will be
executing on the Remote Desktop server. Remote App supports file associations on some client operating systems. For example, if a user double clicks on a Microsoft Visio document file, a Visio RemoteApp session may open to a Remote Desktop Services server that is hosting the Visio app.
Remote Desktop client software exists for devices running the Windows RT, Windows Phone, Apple iOS, Mac OSX, and Android operating systems. This makes Remote Desktop another possible solution in BYOD environments where users may need to run apps that you do not want to or cannot run locally for architectural or resource reasons.
