FORWARD
AIR CONTROLLER
TACTICAL POCKET CHECKLIST
FORWARD AIR CONTROLLER
TACTICAL POCKET CHECKLIST
The Distance Learning & Technologies Department (DLTD),publishes and distributes this manual. For additional copies:
Director, Marine Corps Institute Attn: Operations
Marine Corps Institute 912 Charles Poor Street SE Washington Navy Yard DC 20391-5680
Intranet://intranet.mbw.usmc.mil http://www..mci.usmc.mil
1-(800) USMC-MCI
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT
PAGE
Tactical Communication
Communications Frequency Chart 1 USMC Fire Support Communication Nets 2 U.S. Aircraft Communication Equipment 3 U.S. Ground Forces Communications Equipment 4 Communications Brevity Terms for CAS Missions (Laser/IR/etc.) 5 Target Weather Information (TARWI) 6
Assault Support
Assault Support Request Form 7 Assault Support Request Form Instructions for Completing 9 ZIPPO Briefing Guide 13 Landing Zone Brief 16 Basic Load Weight 17 Time Factors for Wave Planning/Recommended Landing Zone Diameter 18 Joint Tactical Airlift Request Form 19
Close Air Support
Joint Tactical Air Strike Request (JTAR) 23 Joint Tactical Air Strike Request (JTAR) Instructions 25 CAS Check-in Brief Form/CAS Multi-Mission “9-Line” Form 31 Close Air Support (CAS) “The “9-Line” Brief Instructions 32 CAS Check-out Brief (BDA Report) 35 Laser Designation Zones 36 Hellfire Designator Exclusion Zone 37 Hellfire Designator Missile Surface Danger Zone (W/Laser) 38 Hellfire Missile Surface Danger Zone (W/O Laser) 39 LASER CAS OPERATIONS AN/PAQ-3 (MULE) Day Sight
Operations Tactical Checklist 41 AN/PAQ-3 (MULE) Operations Checklist Night Sight Procedures 42 AC-130 Call-for-Fire (CFF) 43 NATO Information Briefing Formats/ NATO Fighter Check-In
Briefing Worksheet 44 NATO Forward Air Controller to Attack Aircraft Briefing 45 NATO Close Air Support Multiple Mission Worksheet 46
Indirect Fire Support (Artillery/ Mortars/ Naval Surface Fires)
Artillery/Mortar Call-For-Fire (CFF) 47 Message to Observer (MTO) /Basic SEAD Call-For-Fire (CFF) 48 Fire Support Scheduling Worksheet (x2) 49
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SUBJECT PAGE
Indirect Fire Support (Artillery/ Mortars/ Naval Surface Fires),
(Continued)
Target Card (1 of 2) 51 Record of Missions (2 of 2) 52 Characteristics of U.S. Artillery, Mortars, and Rockets 53 U.S. Artillery/Mortars Ammunition 54 Naval Gunfire Call-For-Fire (CFF) 55 Naval Gunfire Support Ships/ Naval Gunfire Ammunition 56
Aerial Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare
Joint Tactical Reconnaissance Surveillance Request Form 57 Joint Tactical Electronic Warfare Request Form 61 Joint Tactical Electronic Warfare Form Instructions 64
Capabilities of Equipment, Weapons and Ordnance
U.S. Attack Fixed-Wing Aircraft 69 U.S. Attack Rotary-Wing Aircraft 71 U.S. Aircraft Navigation Equipment 72 Rapid Weaponeering 73 Ordnance Nomenclature 74 Ordnance Selection Guide 75 Ordnance “Quick” Reference Guide 79 Risk-Estimate Distances for Aircraft Delivered Ordnance (Combat only) 81
Threat Systems
World Threat Anti-Air Defense Weapons Systems 83 Combat Vehicles and Armored Weapons Systems 84 Air Speed/Velocity Conversion Table 86
Aviation Staff Officer Information
Aviation Estimate of Supportability 87 Appendix A Joint Air Operations Plan Format 89
1
COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY CHART
Primary Color Secondary Color Callsign TACP Local _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAR _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ AFARN _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAD 1 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAD 2 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAD 3 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAD 4 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ MAON _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TATC 1 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TATC 2 _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ FAC(A) _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TAC(A) _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ TANKER _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ LF FSCC _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ BN FSCC _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ ARTY COF _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ MORTARs _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ NGF SPOT _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ _________ __________ _________ _________ _________ __________ _________ __________ _________ _________ _________ __________
2
USMC FIRE SUPPORT COMMUNICATION NETS
Net Purpose Net Control Stations on Net Freq TACP Local Coordination
between AOs and FACs.
MAGTF TACP
Regt/ Bn AOs, FACs, FAC(A)s UHF Tactical Air Direction (TAD) Direction of aircraft in CAS missions by a terminal controller TACC-afloat DASC-ashore TACC, DASC, FSCCs, FAC parties, airborne controllers, CAS aircraft and TAC as required UHF/VHF aircraft dependent Tactical Air Request (TAR) To request immediate air support TACC-afloat DASC-ashore TACC, DASC, FSCCs, FAC parties, airborne controllers, HDC, TADC HF Tactical Air Traffic Control (TATC) Allows TACC/ TADC to control all aircraft in MAGTF AOR TACC-afloat TACC-ashore
TACC/ TADC, TAOC, DASC, all aircraft entering AOR UHF/ VHF Artillery Conduct of Fire (COF) Forward observers request and adjust artillery fires Direct support artillery BN Direct Support Artillery BN, Firing Battery, Artillery LNO at BN, Forward Observers, REIN artillery units VHF NGF Ground Spot Spot teams request and adjust NGF SACC-Afloat as required GCE and FSCC ashore SACC, TACC, FSCCs, Direct support & general support ships, NAOs UHF/VLF/ HF BN Mortars Mortar forward observers request and adjust fires Mortar PLT CMDR PLT CMDR, Mortar forward observers, BN FSCCs VHF MAGTF Air Observation Coordination of airborne agencies
Artillery regt FAC(A), Artillery BN, firing battery, forward observers, FSCCs, GCE HQ
3
U.S. AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Aircraft Type Radios Frequency Band (1) Frequency Hopping Secure Capability AH-1W 2-AN/ARC-182 or 2-AN/ARC-210 Multiple (2) UHF/VHF-FM No
HAVE QUICK I and II (UHF)
SINCGARS (VHF-FM)
KY-58 KY-58
1-AN/ARC-114 VHF-FM No KY-58
1-AN/ARC-159 UHF-AM No KY-58
UH-1N
1- AN/ARC-182 Multiple (2) No KY-58
UH-1N CDNU 3-AN/ARC-210 VHF-AM VHF-FM UHF-AM 1-SATCOM
HAVE QUICK I and II SINCGARS
KY-58
1-AN/ARC-199 HF No KY-75
1-AN/ARC-201 VHF SINCGARS (FM) KY-58
1-AN/ARC-164 UHF-FM HAVE QUICK II KY-58 OH-58D
(Kiowa Warrior)
2-AN/ARC-201 UHF-FM SINCGARS KY-58
1-AN/ARC-164 UHF HAVE QUICK I KY-58
AH-64
2-AN/ARC-186 VHF (3) SINCGARS (FM) KY-58
2-AN/ARC-164 UHF HAVE QUICK II KY-58
1-AN/ARC-164 SATCOM KY-58
3-AN/ARC-186 VHF (3) KY-58
AC-130
2-AN/ARC-190 HF KY-58/75
AV-8B 2-AN/ARC-182 Multiple (2) No KY-58
F-14 1-AN/ARC-182 Multiple (2) HAVE QUICK II KY-58
F-15E 2-AN/ARC-164 UHF HAVE QUICK II KY-58
1-AN/ARC-182 UHF HAVE QUICK II KY-58
F-16
1-AN/ARC-164 VHF (3) No
2-AN/ARC-182 Multiple (2) No KY-58
F/A-18
(4) 2-AN/ARC-210 VHF/UHF HAVE QUICK II No Legend:
FM: frequency modulation AM: amplitude modulation SATCOM: satellite
communications HF: high frequency
UHF: ultra high frequency
Notes:
(1.) Frequency bands are as follows:
HF: 2.000 - 29.999 MHz in 1-kHz increments.
VHF-FM: 29.950 - 87.975 MHz in 25-kHz increments. VHF-AM: 108.000 - 151.975 MHz in 25-kHz increments. UHF: 225.000 - 399.975 MHz in 25-kHz increments. (2.) The AN/ARC-182 is a multiband radio that operates in any one of four bands: standard VHF-FM, VHF-AM, UHF, or 156.0-173.975 MHz VHF-FM. It can monitor only one band at a time.
(3.) The AN/ARC-186 operates either in the VHF-AM or VHF-FM band. Each radio can monitor only one band at a time.
4
U.S. GROUND FORCES COMMUNICATIONS
EQUIPMENT
Note: To request CAS use the tactical air request net/Airforce Request Net (AFARN). Control of CAS aircraft should be conducted on a tactical air direction net.
Component Radios Frequency Band (1) Frequency Hopping Secure Capable U.S. Army FIST AN/PRC-119 AN/VRC-12 AN/VRC-24 VHF-FM SINCGARS NO NO KY-57 USAF TACP AN/GRC-206 AN/GRC-206 AN/GRC-206 AN/GRC-206 AN/PRC-119 AN/PRC-104 AN/PRC-113 AN/PRC-113 HF VHF-FM VHF-AM UHF VHF-FM HF VHF-AM UHF NO NO NO HAVEQUICK II SINCGARS NO NO HAVEQUICK II KY-65/99 KY-57 KY-57 KY-57 KY-57 KY-65/99 KY-57 KY-57 USMC TACP AN/PRC-119 AN/PRC-104 AN/PRC-113 AN/PRC-113 AN/VRC-12 VHF-AM HF VHF-AM UHF VHF-FM SINCGARS NO NO HAVEQUICK II NO KY-57 KY-65/99 KY-57 KY-57 NO SOF SOTAC AN/PRC-117D AN/PRC-117D AN/PRC-117D AN/PRC-126 LST-5 VHF-FM VHF (2) UHF (3) VHF-FM UHF SATCOM NO NO NO NO NO KY-57 KY-57 KY-57 KY-57 KY-57 (1) Frequency bands for ground radios are as follows:
HF: 2.000 to 29.999 MHz in 1 kHz increment.
VHF-FM: 29.950 to 75.950 MHz in 50 kHz increments. VHF-AM: 116.000 to 149.975 MHz in 25 kHz increments. UHF: 225.000 to 399.975 MHz in 25 kHz increments.
(2) AN/PRC-117D VHF-AM/FM frequency range is 116.000-173.995 MHz. AN/PRC-117D VHF-AM/FM frequency range is 225.000-419.995 MHz.
5
COMMUNICATION BREVITY TERMS FOR CAS
MISSIONS (LASER/IR/ETC.)
Laser Operations:
“10 Seconds” Directive to terminal controller to standby for laser on call in approximately 10 seconds.
“Laser On” Directive to start laser designation. “Spot” Acquisition of laser designation.
“Shift” Directive to shift laser illumination energy from offset to target “Terminate” Cease laser designation.
Night IR CAS Brevity Terms:
“Contact: Acknowledges sighting of a specified reference point.
“Rope” Call made by exception of the terminal controller is to illuminate the aircraft with an IR pointer.
“Snake“ Call made for the terminal controller to jiggle the IR beam on the target.
“Sparkle” Terminal controller marks the target with an IR pointer. Also used by an AC-130 to mark the target with 40 mm misch.
“Steady” Terminal controller steadies the beam. “Stop” Terminal controller stops the beam.
“Tally” The enemy position/target is in sight; opposite of NO JOY. “Visual” The terminal controller has the attack aircraft in sight, or the attack
aircraft has positively identified the terminal controller’s or friendly position.
Other Calls:
“Abort” Directive to cease action/attack/event/mission. “Angels” Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet. “Bent” System indicated is inoperative.
“Bingo” Pre-briefed fuel state that is needed for recovery using pre-briefed parameters.
“Blind” No visual contact with friendly aircraft or ground positions-opposite of term “Visual.”
“Chatter Mark” Begin using briefed radio procedures to counter jamming. “Cleared hot” Ordnance release is authorized.
“Continue” Continue present maneuver; does not imply clearance to engage or expend ordnance.
“Cyclops” Any UAV.
“Dash (#)” Aircraft position within a flight. Use if specific callsign is unknown.
“Joker” Fuel state above Bingo at which separation/bug-out/event termination should begin.
“No Joy” Aircrew does not have visual contact with the target/bandit/landmark; opposite of TALLY.
Offset
(direction) Informative call indicating maneuver in a specified direction with reference to the target. “Pushing” Departing designated point.
“Smoke” Smoke marker used to mark a position. “Winchester” No ordnance remaining.
6
TARGET WEATHER INFORMATION (TARWI)
GENERAL INFORMATION
The TARWI code is a technique for transmitting detailed information about en route or target area weather observations.
“TARWI example Data given:”
3 6 8 9 X N
The code is read to indicate weather at the target was at 3/8 cloud at 3000 AGL, visibility at least 8 km (5nm), thunderstorms, WX suitable for mission, higher, terrain obscured, thunderstorms en route.
# Cloud # Ht (AGL) # Vis (NM) # WX
0 None 0 None 0 0+ 0 Not Obs
1 1/8 1 500 1 1+ 1 None 2 1/4 2 1000 2 2+ 2 Sleet 3 3/8 3 1500 3 3+ 3 Dist/Smoke 4 1/2 4 2000 4 4+ 4 Fog/Haze 5 5/8 5 2500 5 5+ 5 Drizzle 6 3/4 6 3000 6 6+ 6 Rain 7 7/8 7 3500 7 7+ 7 Snow 8 8/8 8 4000 8 8+ 8 Showers
9 Not Obs 9 Not Obs 9 Not Obs 9 T-Storms A WX SIM for Exercise N T-Storms En route
B Cloud HT X 10 O Ice/Freezing Rain
C No Med Cloud P SFC Wind NEG
D Scattered Clouds Q SFC Winds SE
E Broken Overcast R SFC Winds SW
F Contrails AT FL S SFC Winds NW
G Mainly IFR T WX Better North
H Mainly VFR U WX Better to East
I Gusty SFC Winds V WX Better to South J Fog in Valley W WX Better to West K Hilltops Obscured X WX Suitable L VIS Varies in Showers Y WX Marginal
7
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM
SECTION I – MISSION REQUEST
DATE: SENT 1. UNIT CALLED: THIS IS: REQUEST
NUMBER: TIME: BY: SENT: 2. REQUEST FOR A. ( ) HELICOPTER B. ( ) FIXED-WING 3. MISSION CATEGORIES A. ( ) PREPLANNED: PRECEDENCE ____ B. ( ) PRIORITY __________ C. ( ) IMMEDIATE: PRIORITY ________ 4. TYPE MISSION A. ( )TACTICAL B. ( ) ADMINISTRATIVE TIME: BY: 5. MISSION IS
A. ( ) ASSAULT TRANSPORT G. ( )TRAP B. ( ) LOGISTICAL SUPPORT H. ( ) SAR
C. ( ) AIR EVACUATION I. ( ) ILLUMINATION D. ( ) MEDEVAC J. ( ) SPECIAL OPS E. ( ) AERIAL DELIVERY K. ( ) OTHER _______ F. ( ) C2
6. PAYLOAD IS
A. ( ) TROOPS ___________________ B. ( ) EXTERNAL CARGO (WT) _______________________________ C. ( ) INTERNAL CARGO (WT/CU) _______________________________ LARGEST ITEM (LxWxH)
_______________________________ 7. INSTRUCTIONS
PICKUP TIME COORDINATES LZ TIME COORDINATES A. __________________ ___________________ _________________ ________________ B. __________________ ___________________ _________________ ________________ C. __________________ ___________________ _________________ ________________ D. __________________ ___________________ _________________ ________________ 8. LZ DESCRIPTION
A. WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY __________ B. ELEVATION _________________ (FT MSL) C. SIZE_______________________________ D. OBSTACLES _________________________ E. FRIENDLY POS______________________________ DIR/DIST ___________/__________ F. ENEMY POS ________________________________ DIR/DIST ___________/___________ G. LASTFIRERECEIVEDTIME/TYPE _______/_______ DIR/DIST ____________/__________ 9. LZ WILL BE
A. ( )UNMARKED
B. ( )MARKED WITH COLOR _______
10. LZ MARKED WITH
A. ( ) PANELS B. ( ) SMOKE C. ( ) FLARES D. ( ) MIRROR E. ( ) LIGHTS F. ( ) NAVAID G. ( ) OTHER
11. COMMUNICATIONS
A. PICKUP ZONE CALL SIGN __________/FREQUENCY (COLOR CODE) ______________ B. LZ CALL SIGN __________________________/FREQUENCY (COLOR CODE)__________
ACKNOWLEDGED BN/REGT DIVISION 12. REMARKS
8
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
SECTION II — COORDINATION
13. MSFS 14. ARTILLERY 15. AIO/G-2/G-3
16. ESCORT/AERIAL REFUELING A. ( ) REQUESTED B. ( ) ASSIGNED
C. NO/TYPE A/C __________________ D. CALL SIGN _________________________ E. COMMUNICATIONS_____________ F. ARMAMENT________________________ 17. REQUEST
( ) APPROVED ( )DISAPPROVED
18. BY 19. REASON FOR DISAPPROVAL 20. RESTRICTIVE FIRE/AIR PLAN
A. ( ) IS NOT B. ( ) NUMBER___________ 21. IS IN EFFECT A. ( ) (FROM TIME) _________ B. ( ) (TO TIME) ____________ 22. LOCATION A. ( ) ____________ B. ( ) ______________ (FROM COORDS) (TO COORDS)
23. WIDTH (METERS)
24. ALTITUDE/VERTEX
A. ( ) _________ B. ( ) __________ MAX/VERTEX MINIMUM SECTION III — MISSION DATA
25. MISSION NUMBER 26. CALL SIGN 27. NO/TYPE AIRCRAFT
28. EST/ACT TAKEOFF 29. ETA/ATA
30. MISSION CANCELLED/DIVERTED A. ( ) CANCELLED B. ( ) DIVERTED BY: ____________ 31. TERMINATE REQUEST A. ( ) GO/NO GO DTG _____________________
B. ( ) WHEN COMPLETED _________________ ACKNOWLEDGE TACC
TADC FSCC SACC DASC
HDC TACP
TACLOG 32. MISSION RESULTS A. ( ) COMPLETE B. ( ) INCOMPLETE C. ( ) OTHER ______________________________ NOTES:
9
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM
Instructions for Completing
Block Title and Elements Explanation Section I. Mission Request 1. UNIT CALLED Identifies the unit
designation/callsign/preassigned number. THIS IS Identifies the request originator by unit
designator/ callsign/preassigned number. REQUEST NUMBER For preplanned missions, indicates the
originator’s request number in series. For immediate missions, this number is assigned by the DASC.
SENT Indicates the time and individual who transmitted the request.
2. REQUEST FOR Indicates whether request is for helicopter or fixed-wing support.
3. MISSION CATEGORIES PREPLANNED:
A. Precedence B. Priority
For preplanned requests, enter precedence (block A) and priority (block B). Precedence is stated numerically in descending order of importance, as determined by the requestor. Priority is
expressed as shown below. IMMEDIATE:
C. Priority
For immediate requests, enter priority (block C). A precedence entry is not required for immediate requests because, by definition, all immediate requests are precedence #1.
Use the numerical designation below to determine priority (e.g., define the tactical situation) for preplanned (block B) or immediate (block C).
1. Emergency. Missions which require immediate action and supersede all other categories of
mission priority.
2. Priority. Missions which require immediate action and supersede routine missions. For medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), use this category for patients who require specialized treatment not available locally and who are liable to suffer unnecessary pain or disability unless evacuated with the least possible delay. 3. Routine. Missions which do not demand urgency in execution. For MEDEVAC, use this category for patients who can be treated locally, but whose prognosis would benefit by evacuation with the least possible delay.
10
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
Instructions for Completing, continued
Block Title and Elements Explanation Section I. Mission Request
4. Urgent (for MEDEVAC only). Evacuation of critically wounded, injured, or ill personnel whose immediate evacuation is a matter of life or death.
RECEIVED Indicates the time and individual who received the request.
4. TYPE MISSION Indicates whether the mission is tactical or administrative.
5. MISSION IS Describes the mission to be performed. Check appropriate blocks 1 through 12 to identify the mission to be performed. If block 12
(Remarks) is checked, enter an explanation. 6. PAYLOAD IS Describes the type and approximate amount
of the payload to be transported. It is
necessary to specify, even if a rough estimate, the number of troops. Otherwise, ACE planner cannot determine what force is
required—aircraft type/number. For internal cargo, include the dimensions of the largest item to be moved. For MEDEVAC, indicate number of casualties in block 6A.
7. INSTRUCTIONS Indicates the time/coordinates of the PZ and DZ.
8. LZ DESCRIPTION Contains detailed information on the LZ 9. LZ WILL BE
A. Unmarked B. Marked
Indicates if the LZ will be unmarked or
marked. If the LZ will be marked, indicate the color.
10. LZ MARKED WITH Identifies the type LZ marking.
11. COMMUNICATIONS Identifies the callsign and frequency of PZ and DZ controllers.
12. REMARKS Allows the requestor to add other essential information not provided for in the request format. For MEDEVAC, include type casualties/wounds, litter, ambulatory status, medical attendant requirements, or any other special considerations. If possible, medical personnel should provide a medical regulating code (MRC):
11
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
Instructions for Completing, continued
Block Title and Elements Explanation Section I. Mission Request MC Pediatrics
MM Internal Medicine NP Psychiatry
SB Burns
SC Spinal Cord Injury SG OB/GYN SO Orthopedic Surgery SS General Surgery SSC Thoracic Surgery SSM Maxillofacial Surgery SSN Neurosurgery
SSO Ophthalmology Injury SSU Urology
ACKNOWLEDGED Bn/Regt.
Division Other
Indicates that the request has been copied for concurrence by the GCE.
Section II. Coordination
13. NSFS Naval surface fire support coordination.
14. ARTILLERY Artillery coordination.
15. AIO/G-2/G-3 Air Intelligence Officer, G-2, G-3 coordination.
16. ESCORT/AERIAL
REFUELING Indicates if escort or aerial refueling support is required for the mission. Block A indicates support has been requested. Block B indicates TACC has assigned assets. After assets are assigned, the TACC enters the rest of the data.
17. REQUEST
A. Approved B. Disapproved
Indicates the approval or disapproval of the request.
18. BY Indicates the individual who approved or
disapproved the request.
19. REASON FOR DISAPPROVAL Self-explanatory. 20. RESTRICTIVE FIRE/ AIR PLAN A. Is Not B. Number
The restrictive fire/air plan refers to the
airspace coordination area (ACA). An ACA is a three-dimensional block of airspace where friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. A plan number or code name is issued, as appropriate.
21. IS IN EFFECT
A. From Time ________ B. To Time __________
Establishes the time period that the ACA plan will be in effect.
12
ASSAULT SUPPORT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
Instructions for Completing, continued
Block Title and Elements Explanation Section II. Coordination
22. LOCATION
A. From
Coordinates_____ B. To
Coordinates_______
Grid coordinates of the start/end points of the ACA centerline.
23. WIDTH (METERS) Defines the ACA from either side of centerline.
24. ALTITUDE/VERTEX
A.
Max/Vertex__________ B. Minimum___________
ACA in feet above mean sea level. Use block A for
VERTEX only.
Section III. Mission Data
25. MISSION NUMBER Indicates mission number.
26. CALLSIGN Flight callsign of mission aircraft. 27. NO/TYPE AIRCRAFT Self-explanatory.
28. EST/ACT TAKEOFF Estimated or actual time the mission aircraft will take off.
29. ETA/ATA Estimated or actual time of arrival of the mission aircraft in the objective area. 30. MISSION
CANCELLED/ DIVERTED
Indicates if mission is cancelled or diverted. By__________ indicates the individual/ agency/
unit who cancelled or diverted the mission.
31. TERMINATE
REQUEST Indicates conditions under which to terminate the request.
32. MISSION RESULTS Self-explanatory, include pilot reports.
13
ZIPPO BRIEFING GUIDE
MISSION NO ____________ UNIT SUPPORTED/CALLSIGN ______/______ AO CALLSIGN _____________ HC(A) CALLSIGN _____________ TAC(A)/FAC(A) CALLSIGN _____________ HELO TRANSPORT CMDR CALLSIGN _____________ ATTACK HELO FLIGHT COORDINATOR/
LEADER CALLSIGN ______ / ______ F/W CALLSIGN _____________ NO AND TYPE OF HELOS ______ / ______ ______ / ______ ______ / ______ ______ / ______ PICK-UP COORDINATES ______________ LZ DESCRIPTION ______________ DROP COORDINATES ______________ LZ DESCRIPTION ______________ APPROACH RETIREMENT ROUTES ______________ ______________ TOTAL TROOPS/HELI TEAM SIZE _______/_______ INTERNAL CARGO LOADS TYPE/WEIGHT _______/_______ EXTERNAL CARGO LOADS TYPE/WEIGHT _______/_______
14
ZIPPO BRIEFING GUIDE (Continued)
ASSAULT FM PRI_______ SEC__________ MISSION COMMON __________________________ ASSAULT UHF PRI_______ SEC__________ GROUND TACTICAL/LZ
CONTROL CALLSIGN PRI_______ SEC__________ F/W CONTROL FM/UHF _______/______ WEATHER MINIMUNS/ALTERNATE PLAN _______/______ PICK-UP TIME/LATEST ACCEPTABLE _______/______ L-HOUR/LATEST ACCEPTABLE _______/______ ARTILLERY PREP TIME/END OF MISSION _______/______ F/W FLIGHT/TOS/ORDNANCE _______/______ F/W CAP/TOS/ORDNANCE _______/______ RULES OF ENGAGEMENT/CLEARANCE TO FIRE _______/______ INTELLIGENCE _______/______ REFUEL
MIN BINGO ____#____MINS MISSION UNDERTAKE ____#____MINS LENGTH OF (EST.) ____#____MINS CASEVAC
PRIORITY* ______________ PRECEDENCE** ______________ RESUPPLY
INTERNAL EA SORTIES ___WT#____LIFTS EXTERNAL ___WT#____LIFTS
15
ZIPPO BRIEFING GUIDE (Continued)
RETURN TO FORCE PROCEDURES PENETRATION CHECKIST MEZ PROCEDURES CORRIDORS ALTITUDES IFF FREQUENCY
LAME DUCK PROCEDURES
*
PRIORITY:
Mission priority not used; PRECEDENCE serves the same function.**PRECEDENCE:
a. Urgent - CASEVAC of critically wounded (life or death).
b. Emergency - Safety of U.S. or allied forces or the transport of vital supplies or equipment.
c. Priority - Tactical transport of personnel or equipment where delay would jeopardize mission. CASEVAC of seriously wounded.
d. Routine - Administrative or tactical transport where time is not a critical factor.
16
LANDING ZONE BRIEF
1. MISSION NO. ______________ 2. LOCATION ______________ COOR/RAD/DEM ____/_____/____ 3. UNIT CALLSIGN ______________ 4. FREQUENCY PRI UHF _____ FM _____ SEC UHF _____ FM _____ 5. LZ MARKING ______________ 6. WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY _______/_______ 7. ELEVATION/SIZE _______/_______ 8. OBSTACLES ______________ 9. FRIENDLY POSITIONS: DIRECTION/DISTANCE _______/_______ 10. ENEMY POSITIONS: DIRECTION/DISTANCE _______/_______ 11. LAST FIRE RECEIVED:
TIME/TYPE _______/_______ 12. DIRECTION OF FIRE/DISTANCE _______/_______ 13. CLEARANCE TO FIRE: DIRECTION/DISTANCE _______/_______ 14. APPROACH/RETIREMENT (RECOMMENDED) _______/_______ 15. PERSONNEL/EQUIPMENT _______/_______ 16. OTHER ______________
17
BASIC LOAD WEIGHT
CARGO WEIGHT (LBS)
Ammunition (per box)
M-16 ball ... 60mm/81mm... 105mm... Meal Ready to Eat (MRE) (box/pallet) ... Floodlight, 5 kw ... Generator set, PU-608 ... Howitzer, 105... Carriage ... Tube... Howitzer, 155mm (M198) ... Howitzer, 155mm (LW-777) ... Mk-19 (Mod 3)... Machine gun, 50 cal, heavy ... With ground mount ... M240G 7.62mm ... M-249 (SAW) ... Marine fully equipped ... Without gear ... Mortar, 60mm (complete)... Mortar, 81mm (complete)... Mule, AN/PAQ-3 ... Radio, HF/UHF/VHF SINCGARS (PRC-119)... PRC-104... PRC-113... Radio, HMMWV MRC-110... MRC-138... Trailer M149, water, 400 gal(Empty/full) ... M105 1 ½ ton ... Truck M998/M1038 HMMWV Empty/loaded ... M923, Cargo empty ... Cross country... M151 ¼ ton Jeep ... LAV-25... Container, water 5 gal (full)... Purification Unit... 80 60 120 16/800 3,000 2,750 4,980 2,800 1,600 15,758 9,700 137.5 84 128 24.2 15.16 240 175 46.5 89 220 15.4 53 17 2,670 2,200 1,280/4,480 80 2650 5,200/7,700 21,600 31,600 2,500 24,100 45 5,400
18
TIME FACTORS FOR WAVE PLANNING
TIME FACTOR UH-1
(MINS)
CH46 (MINS)
CH53 (MINS)
LPH HELICOPTER LAUNCH INTERVALS 10 10 10
1.Using Flight Deck–Packed Helos (ea flt – max of 8) 10 10 10 2.Using Hanger Deck Helos (ea flt – max of 8) 16 16 16 TAKEOFF AND FLIGHT RENDEZVOUS
(For Ship-to-Shore Movements) 4 4 4
LZ MANEUVER TIME (ea flt) 1. Breakup
2. Approach and Land 3. Unload Troops/Cargo* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FLIGHT TO LPH/LOADING ZONE
(Miles Per Minute) 1.5 2.0 2.5
LPH RECOVER TIME (flt of 4) 4 4 4
REFUEL (HOT) LOAD TROOPS 6 4 5
REFUEL (HOT) LOAD INTERNAL CARGO* 2 4 8
LOAD EXTERNAL 0 1 1
*Palletized or Wheeled Vehicles Only
RECOMMENDED LANDING ZONE DIAMETER (FEET)
OBSTRUCTION (HEIGHT) TYPE HELO 5-40 40-80 80+ UH-1 100 150 200 AH-1 100 150 200 CH-46 175 250 350 CH-53 175 250 350
19
JOINT TACTICAL AIRLIFT REQUEST FORM
I REQUEST
SENT: 1. UNIT CALLED(IDENTIFIER)___________________________
THIS IS MY ID____________REQUEST NUMUBER________
TIME: BY: RECEIVED 2. I HAVE
(A.) ____AN IMMEDIATE (B.)____PREPLANNED MISSION (1.)__ABN ALERT (2.)__GROUND ALERT
(3.)__AIRLAND (4.)__EQUIP DROP (5.)__PERS DROP (6.)__FLARE
(7.)__SPECIAL (8.)__AIR EVAC _________OTHER
TIME: BY:
3. ONLOAD AIRFIELD
(A.) NAME ______________________________________________________ (B.) COORD_________________ (C.)CONTACT _______________________ (D.) DTG _____________________________/___________________________ 4. OFFLOAD AIRFIELD/DROP ZONE/EXTRACTION ZONE
(A.) NAME______________________________________________________ (B.) COORD_________________(C.)CONTACT _______________________ (D.) DTG _____________________________/__________________________ 5. NUMBER OF PASSENGERS:
(A.) COMBAT TROOPS___________(B.) PARATROOPERS______________ (C.) AIR EVACS __________________________________________________
(1.) AMBULATORY________________(2.) LITTER_______________ 6. GENERAL CARGO
(A.) TYPE (SPECIFY POL RATIONS, ETC.) _________________________ (B.) WEIGHT___________________________________________________ (C.) LARGEST SINGLE ITEM_____________________________________
20
JOINT TACTICAL AIRLIFT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
7. NUMBER OF VEHICLES:
(A.) 1/4 TON TRK________(E.) 3/4 TON TRL________(I.) 155 HOW_______ (B.) 1 1/4TON TRK_______(F.) 1 1/4TON TRL_______(J.)
OTHER_________
(C.) 2 ½ TON TRK _______(G.) APC_______________ (D.) 1/4 TON TRL________(H.) 105 HOW___________ 8. SPECIAL HANDLING CARGO
(A.) TYPE ______________________(E.) CLASS________________________
(B.) TOTAL PIECES______________(F.) NOMEN ______________________ (C.) WEIGHT____________________(G.) SINGLE DRAGGER
REQ________
(D.) CUBE______________________
9. TOTAL WEIGHT (TOTAL ITEMS 6-8 OF THIS FORM): (A.) WEIGHT_________________________________ 10. RECOMMENDED:
(A.)_____________ (B.)______________ (C.) CDS____ (D.) LAPES______ (NUMBER OF ACFT) (TYPE OF ACFT)
(E.) GPES______ (F.) CCT______ ACKNOWLEDGED BGD/REGT DIVISION 11. REMARKS: OTHER
21
JOINT TACTICAL AIRLIFT REQUEST FORM (Continued)
II COORDINATION
NGF ARTY AIO/G-2/3/4 REQUEST:
___(A.) APPROVED ___(B.) DISAPPROVED
REASON FOR DISAPPROVAL:
AIRSPACE COORDINATION AREA/AIR PLAN (A.) IS NOT________(B.) NUMBER_____________
(C.) ______________(D.) ____________(E.) ____________(F.) __________ (FROM TIME) (TO TIME) (FROM COORD) (TO COORD) (G.)__________________(H.)__________________(I.)_________________ (WIDTH IN METERS) (MAX/VERTEX ALT) (MIN ALT)
III AIR MISSION DATA
12. MISSION NUMBER
13. CALLSIGN 14. NO AND TYPE OF ACFT 15. EST ACFT TO
16. 17. CONT PT-COORD/NAV AID FIX 18. LZ/DZ/
EZCOORD 20. INITIAL CONTACT 21. CGT/TAG/ ASRT 22. NOTIFIED DTG (CALLSIGN) (CALLSIGN) 19. TYPE DELIVERY (FREQUENCY) (FREQUENCY) TUOC____CRC____ TACP____ASRT____
22
23
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
DD Form 1972 (REVISED) 15 NOV 1994, Supersedes DD Form 1972 Apr 1975 Joint Pub 3-09.3, Appendix C for preparation instructions.
SECTION I - MISSION REQUEST DATE SENT DATE:
SENT 1. UNIT CALLED: THIS IS: REQUEST NUMBER:
TIME: BY: SENT: PREPLANNED: (A.) PRECEDENCE___(B.) PRIORITY ____
2.
IMMEDIATE: (C.) PRIORITY_______ TIME: BY: 3. TARGET IS/NUMBER OF:
(A.) PERS IN/OPEN ________________ (B.) PERS DUG IN ________________ (C.)WPNS/MG/RR/AT ___________________ (D.)MORTARS/ ARTILLERY _______________ (E.) AAA ADA
________________ (F.)RKTS/MISSLE _______________ (G.)ARMOR ___________ (H.)VEHICLES _______________ (I.) BLDGS ________________ (J.)BRIDGES __________________ (K.)PILLBOX/BUNKER ___________________ (L.)SUPPLIES/ EQUIPMENT _______________ (M.) CENTER (CP, COM) ________________ (N.) AREA __________________ (O.) ROUTE ___________________ (P.)MOVING N/S/E/W _______________ (Q.) REMARKS ;_______________________________________________________________ CHECKED: 4. TARGET LOCATION: (A.) __________ (B.) ___________ (C.) __________(D.)___________ (COORDS) (COORDS) (COORDS) (COORDS) (E.) TGT ELEV ________(F.)SHEET NO.________(G.)SERIES________ (H.) CHART NO. _______
BY: 5. TARGET TIME/DATE:
ASAP __________ (B.) NLT ___________ (C.) AT ___________ (D.) TO _____________ 6. DESIRED ORD/RESULTS: (A.) ORDNANCE________(B.) DESTROY_________________
(C.) NEUTALIZE________(D.) HARASS/INTERDICT ________ 7. FINAL CONTROL:
(A.) FAC/RABFAC______________(B.) CALLSIGN____________________ (C.) FREQ____________________(D) FIX/CONT PT___________________ 8. REMARKS: 1. IP____________________________________ 2. HDG _____________DGR MAG FSET L/R 3. DISTANCE ___________________________ 4. TGT ELEVATION ______________FT MSL 5. TGT DESCRIPTION____________________ 6. TGT LOCATION __________________ 7. MARK TYPE_________CODE_______ 8. FRIENDLIES _____________________ 9. EGRESS _________________________
24
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
(Continued)
SECTION II –COORDINATION 9. NGF 10. ARTY 11. AIO/G-2/G-3 12. REQUEST: (A.) ______APPROVE (B.) ______DISAPPROVE13. BY: 14. REASON FOR DISAPPROVAL: 15. AIRSPACE COURDINATION
AREA (ACA):
(A.) IS NOT IN EFFECT______ (B.) NUMBER ______________
16. IS IN EFFECT
(A.) FROM TIME __________________ (B.) TO TIME _____________________ 17. LOCATION:
(A.) __________ (B.) ______________ (FROM COORDS) (TO COORDS)
18. WIDTH (IN METERS):
19. ALTITUDE/VERTEX:
(A.)___________ (B.) _________________ (MAX/VERTEX) (MINIMUMVERTEX) SECTION III – MISSION DATA
20. MISSION NO: 21. CALLSIGN: 22. NO. AND TYPE AIRCRAFT: 23. ORDNANCE: 24. EST/ACT
TAKEOFF:
25. EST TOT: 26. CONT PT/RDNVS (COORDS/NAVAID FIX) 27. INTIAL CONTACT: 28. FAC/ASRT/TAC(A) CALLSIGN FREQ: 29. RESTRICTIVE FIRE/AIR PLAN (SEE 15-19): 30. TGT DESCRIPTION: 31.TGT COORD/ ELEV:
32. BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (BDA) REPORT (USMTF INFLTREP):
LINE 1/ CALL SIGN __________________ LINE 4/LOCATION __________________ LINE 2/ MISSION NUMBER ___________ LINE 5/TOT_________________________ LINE 3/ REQUEST NUMBER___________ LINE 6/RESULTS ____________________
TUOC CRC TACP MISSION REMARKS/INFORMATION:
25
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION I - MISSION REQUEST
Line Title and Elements Explanation
1. Unit Called Identifies the unit designation/call- sign/pre-assigned number.
This is Identifies the request originator by unit designation/callsign/pre- assigned number.
Request Number For preplanned missions, indicates the originator’s request number in series. For immediate missions, this number is assigned by the ASOC/DASC.
Sent Indicates the time and the individual who transmitted the request.
2. (Mission categories) Preplanned:
A. Precedence For preplanned requests, enter precedence(block A).
B. Priority or priority (block B). Precedence is stated numerically in descending order of importance, as determined by the requester. Priority is expressed as shown below.
Immediate:
C. Priority For immediate requests, enter priority (block). A precedence entry is not required for immediate requests because, by definition, all immediate requests have a precedence of 1. Use the numerical designation below to determine priority (e.g., define the tactical situation) for preplanned (block B) or immediate (block C): 1. Emergency: Targets that require
immediate action and supersede all other categories of mission
26
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
INSTRUCTIONS (Continued)
SECTION I - MISSION REQUEST
Line Title and Elements Explanation
2. Priority: Targets that require immediate action and supersede routine targets.
3. Routine: Targets of opportunity. Targets that do not demand urgency in execution.
3. Target is Describes the type, approximate size, and mobility of the target to be attacked. It is necessary to specify, even if a rough simulate, the number of targets (i.e., 10 tanks) or the size of the target area (i.e., personnel on a 500-meter front). Otherwise planners cannot accurately Determine what force is required aircraft numbers/type and ordnance amount/type.
4. Target Locates the target by using the Military Grid Reference System Location MGRS) is prescribed for the area concerned.
A. Coordinates Locates a point target or starting point.
B. Coordinates When used together with A, provides from ___________ to ___________ coordinates.
C. Coordinates When used together with A and B, provides a route.
D. Coordinates When used together with A through C, provides a route or describes a target area.
E. Target Elevation Target elevation in feet above sea level.
27
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
INSTRUCTIONS (Continued)
SECTION I - MISSION REQUEST
Line Title and Elements Explanation
G. Series Self-explanatory. H. Chart Number Self-explanatory.
Checked (on the right hand side of form) Indicates with whom target information has been cross-checked.
5. Target Time/Date: Self-explanatory.
6. Desired Ordnance/Results Indicates the requester’s desired results. This is essential information for the planner and must be
carefully
considered by the requester. A. Ordnance Desired ordnance.
B. Destroy Self-explanatory. C. Neutralize Self-explanatory. D. Harass/Interdict Self-explanatory.
7. Final Control Identifies the final controller (FAC, FAC(A), etc.) who will conduct the Briefing and control the release of the ordnance.
A. FAC/RABFAC Transmits the type of terminal control.
B. Callsign Callsign of terminal controller. C. Freq Recommended TAD frequency that
is usable on the FEBA.
D. Control Point Military grid coordinates and/or Navigation Aid (NAVAID) fix of a Control point that is the furthest limit of the attack aircraft’s route of flight before control by the final controller.
28
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST (JTAR)
INSTRUCTIONS (Continued)
SECTION I - MISSION REQUEST
Line Title and Elements Explanation
8. Remarks Allows incorporation of briefing
information not included elsewhere in the request. Enter data for the standard CAS brief.
1. IP/BP_______________________________________________________ 2. Heading_________________________________ MAG: Offset Left/Right 3. Distance_____________________________________________________ 4. Target Elevation______________________________________ Feet MSL 5. Target Description_____________________________________________ 6. Target Location_______________________________________________ 7. Mark Type ___________________________________Code___________ 8. Friendlies ____________________________________________________ 9. Egress________________________________________________________
SECTION II – COORDINATION
Line Title and Elements Explanation
9. NGF Now known as NSFS 10. Artillery Artillery coordination.
11. AIO/G-2/G-3 Air Intelligence Officer, G-2, G-3, or other service equivalent coordination. 12. Request:
A. Approved Self-explanatory B. Disapproved
13. By Indicates the individual who approved or disapproved the request.
14. Reason for Disapproval Self-explanatory.
15. Airspace Coordination Area (ACA) The ACA establishes airspace that is reasonably safe from friendly,
surface-delivery, non-nuclear fires. The ACA provides a warning to aircraft of the parameters of surface-delivered fire in a specific area.
A. Is Not In Effect Self-explanatory.
B. Number A plan number or code name is issued, as appropriate.
29
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST
INSTRUCTIONS (Continued)
SECTION II – COORDINATION
Line Title and Elements Explanation
16. Is in Effect Establishes the time period that the applicable ACA plan will be in effect. A. From Time ____ Beginning of time period.
B. To Time ______ End of time period. 17. Location:
A.) From Coordinates Grid coordinates of the start of the ACA’s centerline
B.) To Coordinates Grid coordinates of the end points of the ACA’s centerline
18. Width (Meters) Defines the ACA from either side of the centerline.
19. Altitude/Vertex ACA altitude given in feet above MSL. (Use A for Vertex only entry). A.) Maximum/Vertex
B.) Minimum/ Vertex
SECTION III - MISSION DATA
Note: Mission data information transmitted to the requesting agency may be limited to those items not included in the request.
Line Title and Elements Explanation
20. Mission Number Indicates mission number. 21. Callsign Callsign of mission aircraft. 22. No. and Type Aircraft Self-explanatory.
23. Ordnance Type of ordnance either by code number or actual nomenclature.
24.
EST/ACT Takeoff Estimated or actual time the mission aircraft will take off.25. EST/TOT Estimated TOT.
26. Control Point/Rendezvous Indicates the furthest limit of the attack (Coordinates/ NAVAID Fix) aircraft’s route of flight before control by
the final controller. Same as Line 7, item D, when designated in the request.
30
JOINT TACTICAL AIRSTRIKE REQUEST
INSTRUCTIONS (Continued)
SECTION III - MISSION DATA
Line Title and Elements Explanation
27. INITIAL CONTACT Indicates the initial control of agency is to contact.
28. FAC/TAC(A) Callsign and frequency of final CALLSIGN frequency control agency. 29. ACA Refer to lines 15 through 19 for
this data.
30. Target Description Self-explanatory. 31. Target Coordinates/Elevation Self-explanatory.
32 BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (BDA) Report.
This optional space is used to record BDA for each mission.
LINE 1./CALLSIGN Callsign of the reporting aircraft.
LINE 2./MISSION NUMBER Mission number of the CAS mission for which results are being reported.
LINE 3./REQUEST NUMBER Requesting unit’s request number. LINE 4./LOCATION The location of the target then it was
attacked.
LINE 5./TOT The time the aircraft began attack on the target/the time the aircraft completed the mission and departed the target.
LINE 6./RESULTS The specific results of the mission (e.g., “10 tanks destroyed, 150 killed in action (KIAs), enemy unit
neutralized, mission successful”). REMARKS Other information appropriate to the
31
CAS CHECK-IN BRIEF FORM
(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)Aircraft: “____________________________ this is __________________________” (Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)
1. Identification/ Mission Number: “_______________________________________”
Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be
abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).
2. Number and Type of Aircraft: “_________________________________________” 3. Position and Altitude: “________________________________________________” 4. Ordnance: “_________________________________________________________” 5. Time on station (TOS): “_______________________________________________” 6. Abort Code: “_______________________________________________________” (If applicable)
Remarks: “__________________________________(NVG, LST, special mission info)
CAS MULTI-MISSION “9 LINE” FORM
ACFT ON STATION FOR CONTROL “STBY FOR A NINE LINE…” A/C CS ________ MSN#_________ #/TYPE________ POS___________ ALT___________ ORD __________ TOS___________ ABT CODE_____ RMKS_________ A/C CS ________ MSN#_________ #/TYPE________ POS___________ ALT___________ ORD __________ TOS___________ ABT CODE_____ RMKS_________ A/C CS ________ MSN#_________ #/TYPE________ POS___________ ALT___________ ORD __________ TOS___________ ABT CODE_____ RMKS_________ 1. IP/ BP 2. HDG (DEG MAG) L / R L / R L / R 3. DISTANCE (NM / MTRS) 4. TGT ELEV ( FT MSL) 5. TGT DESC (GENERAL) 6. TGT LOCATE(GRID) 7. MARK (CODE/ LTL) 8. FRIENDLIES (DIR/ DIST) 9. “EGRESS…” (DIR&DEST) REMARKS: RESTRICTION (FAH OR ALT) THREATS, ACA (SEAD GTL)… TOT / TTT AMPLIFYING INFORMATION (AS REQD)
32
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT (CAS)
THE “9 LINE” BRIEF INSTRUCTIONS
1. IP/BP: _______________________________________________________________ IP (INITIAL POINT) or BP (BATTLE POSITION). For fixed-wing aircraft, the starting point for the run to the target. For rotary-wing aircraft, the area from which targets will be engaged.
2. HEADING: _______________________OFFSET: L__________ R__________ Given in degrees magnetic. For fixed-wing aircraft this is the HDG from the IP to TGT given in degrees magnetic. For rotary-wing aircraft, this is the heading from the center of the battle position to the target. An offset is given when needed to restrict attack aircraft maneuvering due to enemy, WX, terrain, friendly fires, etc., or to control attack
geometry. Offset direction indicates the side of the IP/BP target line the attacking aircraft can maneuver to position itself for the attack. However, an aircraft can proceed directly from the IP to target on the magnetic heading given in line 2 provided it does not violate the offset direction, if one is given.
3. DISTANCE: _________________________________________________________ From the IP/ BP to the target. For fixed-wing aircraft the distance is given in nautical miles (NM) and should be accurate to a tenth of a NM. For example, 12.3 NM would be transmitted as “twelve point three.” For rotary-wing aircraft, this distance is from the center of the battle position to the target expressed in meters and should be accurate to 5 meters.
4. TARGET ELEVATION: _______________________________________________ Expressed in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL).
5. TARGET DESCRIPTION: _____________________________________________ The target description should be specific enough for the aircrew to recognize the target. The target should be described accurately and concisely. The description should aid the aircrew in anticipating visual cues for target acquisition.
33
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT (CAS) BRIEF
THE “9 LINE” BRIEF (Continued)
6. TARGET LOCATION: ________________________________________________ The location of the target can be given in several ways; 6-digit UTM grid coordinates, latitude and longitude, navigation aid fix, or visual description from a conspicuous reference point are all acceptable. Because multiple grid coordinate system datum is in use, the specific datum being referenced should be specified in the JTAR and, if required, clarified by the brief. Terminal controllers should include the 100,000 meter grid
identification. For area targets, use the center of the area or the location of the greatest concentration of enemy. For linear targets, use the ends of the target array.
7. MARK TYPE: __________________ CODE: _______________ LTL: _________ Type of mark to be employed--white phosphorous, illumination, IR pointer, laser, etc. If a laser designator is being employed, the four-digit laser code and the laser-to-target line are stated.
8. FRIENDLIES: _______________________________________________________ The location of friendly forces nearest the target is given. This position is referenced from the target—from the target to the position—and is expressed in a cardinal or semi-cardinal direction and a distance in meters. If the friendly position is marked, identify the type of mark.
9. EGRESS: ____________________________________________________________ The cardinal or semi-cardinal direction to be used when departing the target and control points to use when exiting the terminal control arena. Unlike all other lines of the brief, the word “egress” is transmitted before giving egress instructions.
REMARKS: ____________________________________________________________ The following information may be included if applicable:
• Troops in contact or danger close
• Airspace coordination: final attack heading (FAH) or altitude restrictions
• Threat
• SEAD support in effect
• Active gun target lines
• Ordnance requested
• Hazards
34
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT (CAS) BRIEF
THE “9 LINE” BRIEF (Continued)
TOT/TTT: ______________________________________________________________ OR
TTT: ______________________________________________________________ The terminal controller will assign a TOT (time-on-target) or TTT (time-to-target).
• TOT. (GPS Default Method) Time-on-target is the specific time aircraft delivered ordnance will hit the target. The timing is based on a synchronized clock, GPS is the standard, that is used by all supporting arms agencies.
• TTT. Time–to-target uses a countdown timer rather than a universal clock. The terminal controller states the number of minutes and seconds to elapse from the time the countdown is started to the time aircraft delivered ordnance hits the target; the countdown is started with the word “HACK.” For
example, if the terminal controller were to say “six plus zero zero
(6+00)…HACK,” ordnance should impact the target six minutes after the “HACK” was transmitted. Any other supporting arms/ ground elements involved in the mission must coordinate their timing from this countdown and “HACK.”
35
CAS CHECK-OUT BRIEF (BDA REPORT)
Aircraft: “____________________________ this is __________________________” (Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)
Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).
LINE 1.) CALLSIGN: “________________________________________________”
LINE 2.) MISSION NUMBER: “________________________________________”
LINE 3.) REQUEST NUMBER/JTAR: “__________________________________”
LINE 4.) LOCATION: “_______________________________________________”
LINE 5.) TIME ON TARGET: “_________________________________________”
LINE 6.) RESULTS: “ _________________________________________________”
REMARKS: “________________________________________________________” (Target area weather, significant sightings, EEIs…)
36
LASER DESIGNATION ZONES
Acquisition Areas and Safety Zones. This diagram depicts the acquisition areas and safety zones as defined by the FMFM 5-41, CAS, 28 Oct 92 and FMFM 5-42, DAS, 4 Mar 93. This reference is to Laser Guided Weapons in general and is the current
template for LGW employment. This depiction conforms to the Joint Warfighting Center Laser safety issues message regarding a recommended change to the J-Laser designator safety zone due to the A-10 incident at Fort Sill, Ok (R081957Z JAN 96).
37
HELLFIRE DESIGNATOR EXCLUSION ZONE
This diagram shows the Hellfire designator exclusion zone. This is the most current template for Hellfire employment. The picture is listed in the AH-1W TACMAN (Revision F) and the U.S. Army’s Point Target Handbook as the Standard exclusion zone diagram for Hellfire employment.
38
HELLFIRE MISSILE SURFACE DANGER ZONES
(W/LASER)
This figure depicts the Surface Danger Zone (SDZ) for a Hellfire launch in which the missile was receiving laser energy prior to launch, regardless of the mode selected. Because of the large surface danger zone and the limited range of the designators, it may be necessary to place designator operators within the surface danger zone.
39
HELLFIRE MISSILE SURFACE DANGER ZONE
(W/O LASER)
This figure shows the SDZ for a Hellfire launch in which the missile was not
receiving laser energy before launch. The surface danger zones provide for all firing modes of the Hellfire missile at fixed targets to include the effects of the warhead functioning at the edge of the impact area. Three designator zones and their specific range requirements are provided.
40
41
LASER CAS OPERATIONS
AN/PAQ-3 (MULE) DAY SIGHT OPERATIONS
TACTICAL CHECKLIST
WARNING
Never look into the laser, even when the lens cover is installed. Assume it is always dangerous and can cause
blindness if it enters the eye. Refer to the laser safety section of TM 08579A-12/1 TM 9-1260-47812.
WARNING
DO NOT AIM LASER at personnel, animals, or shiny reflective surfaces. STTM
1. Extend legs to notches and secure wing nuts.
2. Position DOWNHILL LEG downrange.
3. Rotate TU until mounting flange is parallel to DOWNHILL LEG. 4. Center turnbuckles.
5. Adjust detent levers to coarse level. 6. Move handgrip to downward position
and lock EL brake knob.
7. Remove LSRM/STTM interface cable connector cover.
8. Push latch handle forward. LDRM
9. Set mode switch to OFF 10. Mount LDRM on STTM. STTM
11. Pull back latch handle. LDRM
12. Connect LDRM/STTM interface cable to LDRM.
CAUTION
Always connect LDRM/STTM interface cable before installing battery or EPA. 13. Install battery or EPA as required. STTM
14. Adjust turnbuckles to fire level. LDRM
15. Remove eyepiece cover only. Ensure lens cover is installed.
16. Set mode switch to DES position and pull trigger for count of three. The malfunction indicator will flicker if LDRM is operational.
17. Set mode switch to OFF. 18. Remove lens cover.
19. Adjust eyepiece focus. Reticule and distant object should both be in focus. 20. Set mode switch to RNG position. 21. Push and turn MIN RANGE SET knob.
DIST MTRS display should change. 22. Set mode switch to OFF position. 23. Center crosshairs on a target aimpoint
and note VA value.
24. Center the upper 10-mil line on the target aimpoint VA value should have decreased by 10 + or – 3 mils.
25. Center crosshairs on a target aimpoint and note DIR VALUE.
26. Center the left 10-mil line on the target aimpoint DIR value should have increased by 10 + or - 3 mils. STTM
27. Rotate AZ ZERO ADJ knob. DIR value should change.
LDRM
28. Install eyepiece and lens cover. 29. Secure AZ and EL brake knobs. NFM
30. Set mode switch to ON.
31. NFM display will show “-888.8,” then will active dot for approximately 2 minutes with some occasional noise. A number should appear.
32. Set DISPLAY/SLEW switch to TRUE position and hold until “-888.8” with brief alarm dot, then display with no alarm dot.
33. Set MODE switch to OFF. MULE IS READY FOR USE.
42
AN/PAQ-3 (MULE) OPERATIONS CHECKLIST
NIGHT SIGHT PROCEDURES
STTM
1. Rotate TU until handgrip points downward.
2. Tighten EL and AZ brake knobs. 3. Install night sight adapter on STTM
and tighten mounting screw. Night Sight
4. Turn latching handle toward eyepiece.
5. Move coarse AZ KNOB to position 1.
STTM
6. Install night sight and then push the latching handle forward.
7. Adjust turnbuckles to fire level. Night Sight
8. Set ON/OFF/STBY switch to OFF. 9. Install battery or vehicle power
conditioner. STTM
10. Loosen EL brake knob.
11. Rotate TU in EL to position above horizontal.
12. Push and turn boresight pin knob CW to lock pin in extended position. Then rotate TU forward until
boresight pin rests on STTM support.
Night Sight.
13. Remove lens cover.
14. Mount boresight collimator and install cable.
15. Set to NFOV.
16. Unlock AZ and EL locks. Set ON/OFF/STBY switch to ON. LDRM
17. Remove eyepiece and lens cover. 18. While looking through the LDRM,
adjust the boresight collimator AZ and EL adjustment knobs until both
reticules are aligned. Night Sight
19. Adjust BRT, CTRS, and RANGE FOCUS knobs for best viewing. 20. Adjust AZ and EL adjustments knobs
until both reticules are aligned. 21. Set to WFOY and verify that the
reticules are still aligned.
22. Ensure 4-bar target is clearly visible. 23. Set ON/OFF/STBY switch to OFF. 24. Remove bore sight collimator and
cable.
25. Retract boresight pin.
43
AC-130 CALL-FOR-FIRE (CFF)
1.) Observer/Warning Order: “____________________ this is __________________ , Fire Mission, Over.” (AC-130) (Observer)
2.) Friendly Location/Mark: “My position ____________________________________ Marked by ______________________” (TRP, Grid, etc.)
(Beacon, IR Strobe, etc.)
3.) Target Location: “__________________________________________________.” (Bearing (magnetic) & Range (meters), TRP, Grid, etc.)
4.) Target Description/Mark: “__________________________, marked by _____________________. Over.” (Target Description)
(IR Pointer, Tracer, etc.)
5.) Remarks: “__________________________________________________________,” (Threats, danger close clearance, restriction, “At My Command, etc.”) As Required:
1.) Clearance: Transmission of the fire mission is clearance to fire. Danger close is 200m with the 105mm and 125m with the 40mm, 25mm and the 20mm. For closer fire, the observer must accept responsibility for increased risk. State “Cleared Danger Close” on the line five. This clearance may be preplanned.
2.) At My Command: State “At My Command” on the line five. The gunship will call “Ready Fire” when ready.
3.) Adjust Fire: Only adjust for marking rounds or incorrect target. Adjust from impact by giving range (meters) and cardinal (North, South, East, and West) direction. Don’ts:
1.) Do not ask the gunship to identify colors. 2.) Do not reference clock positions.
3.) Do not pass run-in headings/no-fire headings. 4.) Do not correct left/right or short/long.
44
NATO INFORMATION BRIEFING FORMATS
NATO Fighter Check-In-Briefing (Permissive Environment)
(Be prepared to use this format with NATO forces.)
Aircraft Transmits to Controller:1.) Aircraft Callsign: “_________________________________________” 2.) Mission Number: “_________________________________________” 3.) Authentication: “___________________________________________”
FAC Authentication Response: “______________________________” 4.) Number and Type of Aircraft: “_______________________________” 5.) Ordnance “_______________________________________________” 6.) Position: “________________________________________________” 7.) Playtime: “_______________________________________________” 8.) Abort Code: “_____________________________________________”
NATO FIGHTER CHECK-IN BRIEFING WORKSHEET
NATO Fighter Check-In Briefing (Uncertain/Hostile Environment) (Be prepared to use this format with NATO forces.)
Aircraft Transmits to Controller:
1.) Aircraft Callsign: “________________________________________” 2.) Mission Number: “________________________________________” 3.) Authentication Response: “_________________________________”
FAC Authentication Response: “_____________________________” 4.) Briefing Termination: “_____________________________________”
45
NATO FORWARD AIR CONTROLLER TO ATTACK
AIRCRAFT BRIEFING
MISSION C/S _____________________ ABORT CODE ________________” Note: 1.) A-J are mandatory brief items, (K-O are optional).
2.) Items A, D, G, H underlined are mandatory Readback (even if “NONE”).
3.) Heading and bearings magnetic unless true is requested.
A.) IP: _____________________________________________________” B.) BEARING: “____________________________________________” C.) DISTANCE : “________________________________Nautical Miles” D.) TARGET LOCATION UTM OR LAT/LONG:
“_______________________________________________________” E.) TARGET ELEVATION: “___________________________________” F.) TARGET DESCRIPTION: “_________________________________” G.) MANDATORY HEADING: “_______________________________” H.) FRIENDLY FORCES: “___________________________________” I.) ATTACK TIME TOT/TTT: “________________________________” J.) ATTACK CLEARANCE FAC C/S___________ TAD ____________ K.) TARGET INDICATION:
REFERENCE PT [ ] SMOKE [ ] LIGHT/MIRROR [ ] LASER CODE:”___________________________________________” DESIGNATOR TO TARGET LINE(DTL): “____________________” L.) THREATS: ”______________________________________________” M.) WEATHER (IF SIGNIFICANT): “____________________________” N.) HAZARDS: “_____________________________________________” O.) EGRESS “________________________________________________”
46
NATO CLOSE AIR SUPPORT MULTIPLE MISSION
WORKSHEET
FAC TO FIGHTER INFORMATION
A.) IP B.) Bearing C.) Distance “Nautical Miles” D.) Tgt Location (UTM) Lat/Long E.) Tgt Elevation F.) Target Description G.) Mandatory Attack Heading H.) Friendly Forces I.) Attack Time TOT/TTT J.) Attack Clearance FAC C/S/TAD K.) Target Ind Laser Code DTL Distance Elevation Ref Pt/Smoke/Lt Mirror Ref Pt/Smoke/Lt Mirror Ref Pt/Smoke/Lt Mirror L.) Threats M.) Weather (If significant) N.) Hazards O.) Egress Note:
1.) A-J are Mandatory Brief items, K-O are optional.
2.) Items A, D, G, and H underlined are mandatory read-back (Even if “NONE”). 3.) Heading and bearings magnetic unless true is requested.
47
ARTILLERY/ MORTAR CALL-FOR-FIRE (CFF)
1. Observer Identification
“ (FDC) ______________________ THIS IS (observer) _____________________… 2. Warning Order “________________________________________________, over” (Adjust fire, fire for effect, suppression, immediate suppression/ smoke or SEAD*) * SEAD CFF WILL BE DISCUSSED SEPARATELY
NOTE: If using the shift method of target location, “shift” must be transmitted after the type of mission in the warning order.
- - - Break transmission for FDC’s read back - - - 3. Location of Target: employ one of 3 methods
GRID: “Grid ___________________________, over” or
POLAR: “Direction ____________Distance __________up/ down__________, over” or SHIFT: “Direction ____________right/left __________add/ drop__________, over.”\ (Coordinates in grid, direction mils grid, distances vertical shifts in meters)
- - - Break transmission for FDC’s read back - - - 4. Target Description
“______________________________________________________________________” 5. Method of Engagement
a. Type of adjustment: “__________” “Area” or “Precision” (area is standard) b. “DANGER CLOSE": predicted impact is within 600 m of friendly positions. c. Trajectory: “______________” “High” or “Low” (low is standard for arty) d. Projectile/ Fuze: “__________________/__________________________” Projectile options: HE, ICM, WP, RP, ILLUM, or Smoke (HE is standard)
Fuze options: Quick, VT, time (quick is standard) 6. Method of Fire and Control
“When ready, at my command, TOT, CANNOT OBSERVE, CONTINUOUS ILLUM or COORDINATED ILLUM, over.” (when ready is standard)
- - - Break transmission for FDC’s read back - - -
THROUGHOUT THE CALL-FOR-FIRE, IF THE STANDARD IS USED, NOTHING NEEDS TO BE TRANSMITTED.
48
MESSAGE TO OBSERVER (MTO)
At a minimum, the MTO will include the following (1-4):
1. Firing Units___________________________________________________________ 2. Changes/Additions to the CFF____________________________________________ 3. Rounds in Effect (number of volleys)______________________________________ 4. Target Number________________________________________________________
The FDC will provide other information as required. The following information should be requested to facilitate CAS and surface fire support integration:
5. Time of Flight ________________________________________________________ 6. Gun Target Lines__________________________________________(mils standard) 7. Max Ord._________________________________________(meters AGL standard)
BASIC SEAD CALL-FOR-FIRE (CCF)
1. Observer Identification and warning order:
“ (FDC) ______________________ THIS IS (observer) _____________________… SEAD, over.”
- - - Break transmission for FDC’s read back - - - 2. Location of Targets:
“Suppression grid _________________Mark grid ____________________, over.” For suppression only, transmit “negative mark”; for mark only, transmit “negative suppression.”
(Polar and shift methods may also be used; consult MCWP 3-16.6 for guidance)
- - - Break transmission for FDC’s read back - - - 3. Target description, method of engagement, method of fire and control:
“______________________, continuous, interrupted or non-standard, TOT______, over.” (brief Tgt description)