S
ELECTION
S
CREENS AND
L
IST
P
ROCESSING
E
VENTS
Spring 2011
Enterprise Programming
Getting Data from User at Runtime
PARAMETERS is the most basic type of input acceptance.
Using Parameters generates a default
selection screen
—screen
1000.
If the type of item prompted is based on a global type this allows
input help (F1) and entry selection help (F4) are shown as defined in
the ABAP dictionary.
PARAMETERS: carrier TYPE sflight-carrid,
fltdate TYPE sflight-fldate.
Event blocks
An ABAP program is a collection of processing blocks.
Event blocks
—called by runtime environment when related event
has been triggered through natural program flow of control or
when triggered by a user action
when triggered by a user action.
Our initial programs—one block—so no need to declare event blocks.
Program event blocks:
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM
(called at initial program setup)
START-OF-SELECTION
(beginning of main processing)
Example use: PARAMETERS triggered at beginning of main
Example use: PARAMETERS triggered at beginning of main
processing. If want to set a default value for field based on
processing (calculation, data retrieval), must do this before
START-OF-SELECTION.
Example
PARAMETERS date LIKE sy-datum DEFAULT sy-datum.
WRITE date.
DATA pastdate LIKE sy-datum.
pastdate = pastdate - 7.
PARAMETERS date LIKE sy-datum DEFAULT pastdate.
WRITE date.
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
DATA pastdate LIKE sy-datum.
pastdate = sy-datum - 7.
PARAMETERS date LIKE sy-datum DEFAULT pastdate.
START-OF-SELECTION.
Selection Screen Input
Selection screen
display and control can incorporate additional
elements beyond PARAMETERS to provide additional GUI controls.
Covered previously:
S l ti
T t ( h
ti
i t d ith PARAMETERS)
Selection Texts (changes prompting associated with PARAMETERS).
More on Parameters--checkboxes
PARAMETERS can be designated AS CHECKBOX.
PARAMETERS: myvar AS CHECKBOX.
Use DEFAULT 'X' to have it toggled on initially.
PARAMETERS: myvar AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X'.
Test if user selected by seeing if variable set to 'X'.
IF
'X'
IF myvar = 'X'.
"code here.
ENDIF.
More on Parameters--checkboxes
PARAMETERS: male AS CHECKBOX, female AS CHECKBOX.
IF male = 'X'.
WRITE / 'You are male!'.
ENDIF.
IF female = 'X'.
WRITE / 'You are female!'.
ENDIF.
More on Parameters--radio buttons
PARAMETERS can be designated as part of a radiobutton group.
PARAMETERS: choice1
RADIOBUTTON
GROUP
grpa,
choice2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa,
choice3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa
choice3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa.
Maximum group name length--4 characters
Use DEFAULT 'X' to have it toggled on initially.
PARAMETERS: choice1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa DEFAULT 'X'.
Test if user selected by seeing if variable set to 'X' or use a CASE
statement.
CASE 'X'
CASE 'X'.
WHEN choice1.
WHEN choice2.
…
More on Parameters--radio buttons
PARAMETERS: male RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen, female RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen. IF male = 'X'.
WRITE / 'You are male!'. ENDIF.
IF female = 'X'.
WRITE / 'You are female!'. ENDIF.
PARAMETERS: male RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen, female RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen. CASE 'X'.
WHEN male.
WRITE / 'You are male!'. WHEN female.
WRITE / 'You are female!'. ENDCASE.
PARAMETERS: myvar AS CHECKBOX.
PARAMETERS: choice1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa, choice2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa,
choice3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpa. IF myvar = 'X'.
WRITE / 'You chose the checkbox'. ELSE
ELSE.
WRITE / 'You did not choose the checkbox'. ENDIF.
CASE 'X'. WHEN choice1.
WRITE / 'You picked choice1'. WHEN choice2.
WRITE / 'You picked choice2'. WHEN choice3.
WRITE / 'You picked choice3'. WHEN OTHERS.
WRITE / 'You did not pick a choice!'. ENDCASE.
Selection Screen refinements
To exert further control over selection screen use SELECTION-SCREEN
statement.
Can add 1 or more
framed blocks
with optional
title
.
SELECTION SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title. PARAMETERS: male RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen,
female RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name. CASE 'X'.
WHEN male.
WRITE / 'You are male!'. WHEN female.
WRITE / 'You are female!'. ENDCASE.
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
title = 'Choose a gender'.
Multiple items on a line
To place multiple items on a single output line, place control
definitions within a SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE/
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE block.
SELECTION SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK
WITH FRAME
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME
TITLE title.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i,
var3 TYPE i.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name.
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
Supplemental Text
COMMENT can be used to place text on the form.
Must use column and length format specifier.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME
TITLE title.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment.
PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i,
var3 TYPE i.
SELECTION SCREEN END OF LINE
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name.
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
title = 'Enter choices'.
comment = 'Enter your three favorite numbers'.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(5) comment. PARAMETERS: male RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen. SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 12(6) comment2. PARAMETERS: female RADIOBUTTON GROUP gen. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name. CASE 'X'.
WHEN male.
WRITE / 'You are male!'. WHEN female.
WRITE / 'You are female!'. ENDCASE
ENDCASE.
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
title = 'Choose a gender'. comment = 'Male'.
Allowing range of values selection
Allows user to select a range of values.
SELECT-OPTIONS itabname FOR dataobject.
User entry stored in internal table
itabname
. 4 fields:
Sign
either I or E indicating whether values specified are
Sign
—either I or E—indicating whether values specified are
included or excluded from selection
Low
—the lower limit or a single value (if only one specified)
High
—the upper limit
Option
—text such as EQ, NE, GE, GT, LE, LT (if only Low
specified). [Other options not presented here]
Control typically used with database query operations and WHERE
Control typically used with database query operations and WHERE
clause particularly adjusted to correspond with this resource.
SELECT fields FROM table WHERE value IN itabname.
(Used as a field limiter
if selected
, so if not populated all values
returned.)
Allowing range of values selection
DATA str TYPE spfli.
SELECT-OPTIONS userair FOR str-carrid.
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom cityto FROM spfli INTO
CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF str WHERE carrid IN userair.
WRITE: / str-carrid, str-connid, str-cityfrom,
str-cityto.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment. PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment2. PARAMETERS var3 TYPE i.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name. LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
title = 'Enter choices'.
comment = 'Enter your three favorite numbers'. comment2 = 'Put your most favorite here'.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment. PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 60(1) comment3. PARAMETERS: var2 TYPE i.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment2. PARAMETERS var3 TYPE i.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION SCREEN END OF BLOCK SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name. LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
title = 'Enter choices'.
comment = 'Enter your three favorite numbers'. comment2 = 'Put your most favorite here'.
Data Validity Testing
Validation of screen input can be done on the AT SELECTION-SCREEN
event.
Useful if want to require user data entry before main processing.
AT SELECTION SCREEN ON fieldname
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON fieldname.
Triggered if fieldname was submitted.
If an error or warning is issued, the field is highlighted.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP grpnam.
If an error or warning is issued, the group is highlighted.
Data Validity Testing
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK name WITH FRAME TITLE title. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(40) comment.
PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i var2 TYPE i var3 TYPE i PARAMETERS: var1 TYPE i, var2 TYPE i, var3 TYPE i. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK name. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON var2.
IF var2 = 7.
MESSAGE 'Sevens are bad!' TYPE 'W'. ENDIF.
Let's Practice
List output events
We now move from input and related events to output and a related
event.
AT LINE-SELECTION EVENT
When outputting a list, the
AT LINE-SELECTION event
is triggered
when a line is double clicked or the user chooses the
choose
icon.
SY-LSIND starts out at 0 for the initial list output and is incremented
each time the event fires It is decremented as the user moves
each time the event fires. It is decremented as the user moves
BACK.
START-OF-SELECTION.
WRITE: /'hello', 'sy-lsind', sy-lsind.
AT LINE-SELECTION.
When writing in AT LINE-SELECTION, this is called a
detail list
and
its output appears as a new list.
Retrieving values from selected line
When list is output, HIDE can be used to designate values that will be
passed on (called a
data transport
) when line is selected.
The data object to be hidden may or may not be a part of the output
that is displayed
that is displayed.
TYPES spfli_table_type TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF spfli. DATA itable_spfli TYPE spfli_table_type. DATA str LIKE LINE OF itable_spfli. DATA str2 TYPE sflight.
SELECT carrid connid airpfrom airpto deptime FROM spfli INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE itable_spfli.
LOOP AT itable_spfli INTO str.
WRITE: / str-carrid, str-connid, str-airpfrom, str-airpto, str-deptime.
HIDE: str-carrid, str-connid. ENDLOOP.
AT LINE-SELECTION. IF sy-lsind = 1.
li h f i id id
WRITE: 'Flights for connection', str-carrid, str-connid.
SELECT fldate seatsmax seatsocc FROM sflight INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF str2 WHERE carrid = str-carrid AND connid =
str-connid.
WRITE: / str2-fldate, str2-seatsmax, str2-seatsocc. ENDSELECT.
Copyrights
Presentation prepared by and copyright of Dr. Tony Pittarese, East Tennessee State University, Computer and Information Sciences Dept. ([email protected])
Podcast lecture related to this presentation available via
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