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Active Learning (Expert Annotation)
Rule Writing (Non-expert)
Performance (F-Measure)
Human Labor (Minutes)
Sequential Training (Expert Annotation)
Active Learning (Non-expert Annotation)
80
82
84
86
88
90
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
µÅÐjÒF»¿º>%FÔzôÂj½ ¶º½ ¶Ò ¶-òº»Ìͱ»¿Ã«¹±½ À+º«ÌÍÂj»«ÜáÕ¶[¾ºÃÖ¶À±½ ¶[¾»¿Ò À¾¿ºÎÄÕµ·¹^æ1Ò ÆÅº¼<»¿µÅ¾µ½FРའ±½Ëýº+å¸Sº»¾ ½F½ ÂǾ¿¹Ç¾µÂ±½
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Hand-Coded Rules (non-expert)
Trained on
Annotation
(non-expert)
Trained on Annotation (expert)
Performance (F-Measure)
Human Labor (Minutes)
70
75
80
85
90
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
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System 6
System 5
System 4
System 3
System 1
System 2
Human Annotator’s Performance (relative to Treebank)
Learned System Performance as percentage of
Human Labor (Minutes)
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
0
50
100
150
200
250
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