SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND NATURE CONSERVATION

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SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND NATURE

CONSERVATION

CURRICULUM FOR

B.Sc. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEGREE PROGRAMME

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Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, SUA, September 2008

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background

The B.Sc. Wildlife Management degree programme at SUA started in 1998. After three years the University adopted a semester system, which necessitated review of all curricula. Consequently, in 2001, a new B.Sc. Wildlife Management curriculum under the semester system became operational. Since 2001 several issues have emerged. For instance, the University decided to engage consultants to carry out a study on the curricula, performance of graduates where they are employed and needs assessment of employers in relation to the training offered in various undergraduate degree programmes. The training needs assessments, job market surveys and tracer studies identified some deficiencies that had to be addressed. Among them were:

i. Skills and competencies are not adequately provided by the existing curriculum and thus it has to be significantly revised.

ii. There were inadequacies in providing the necessary training to prepare students to effectively and efficiently handle their jobs after graduation.

iii. Many graduates lack business and entrepreneurship skills.

Apart from these findings by the consultants, the existing curriculum has more contact hours than there should be. This was a result of rounding up of credits when the University went into semester system, which caused unnecessary increase of contact hours per course. Also, SUA has been facing problems linked to inadequate funds to carry out the training effectively. A prominent problem has been insufficient funds to conduct field practical training. It was thus necessary to review all curricula at the University, including curriculum for B.Sc. Wildlife Management to address the emerging challenges.

Major improvements in the reviewed curriculum include:

1. Introduction of new courses such as Introduction to Animal Behaviour, Climate Change and Natural Resources, Environmental Physiology, Automobile Operating Principles, Introduction to Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Introduction to Tourism, Tourism, Environment and Development, Economics of Tourism, Introduction to Tourism Marketing, Tour Guiding Techniques, Customer Care and Interpersonal Skills, Basic Sociology, and Human Resource Management . Since wildlife management is basically management of people’s use of the resource, and tourism, most of which is wildlife-based, is now number one in Tanzania’s economy, these new courses are expected to enhance the skills and competencies of graduates. Other new courses such as Entrepreneurship & Feasibility Studies will build the graduates’ business and entrepreneurial skills.

2. Promotion of some courses such as Ballistics, Wildlife Entomology and Parasitology, Ichthyology and Conservation of Wetlands from elective to core. These are courses that are also fundamental to a student of wildlife management.

3. Deletion of some courses such as Biochemistry, Animal Biotechnology, Intervention Strategies of Development and Planning, and Management of Development, which have less importance to wildlife managers.

4. Reduction of field practical training for First Year students from four to three weeks and deletion of the two-week Long Field Trip for finalists. This has been done as a cost-cutting measure. As a result field practical training for finalists has been reduced by two weeks from five to three. In total field practical training period has been reduced by 16.7% from 18 to 15 weeks.

5. Reduction of contact hours for some courses by re-introducing decimal points in credits. This has left room for new courses.

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6. Making it easier for people to join the programme by softening entry qualifications and widening the “catchment area” (see Section 10).

Generally, the new curriculum will prepare students to effectively and efficiently handle a variety of jobs after graduation.

Justification

Since the current curriculum has some deficiencies, the review exercise is aimed at addressing the identified deficiencies and making sure that the training is abreast with emerging global issues for producing graduates who are conversant with many facets in this dynamic world. The revised curriculum has, therefore, included new courses, including new concepts in entrepreneurship and job market preparation skills.

BSc Programme Aims

The main aims of the revised curriculum for BSc. Wildlife Management is to enable production of wildlife experts who are equipped with the necessary technical, analytical, managerial and entrepreneurial skills in wildlife management and related industries for sustainable development.

Specific aims of the revised curriculum and the degree programme in general are to: • Provide the necessary background in technology and analytical skills, which will

enable graduates to plan, design and manage wildlife enterprises and industries for sustainable wildlife practices in a multidisciplinary environment.

• Impart skills required in conducting basic and applied wildlife research, extension work and consultancy.

• Prepare graduates to address environmental and conservation issues. • Prepare graduates for self-employment.

• Provide a sound base from which graduates can embark on postgraduate training leading to research in wildlife and related careers.

PRINCIPAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

A. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF SUBJECT

Upon successful completion of the degree programme, graduates will be able to: A1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts and theories of wildlife

management and relate them to practical work-based situations;

A2. Demonstrate understanding of new and emerging technologies for consumptive wildlife utilization and processing of trophies;

A3. Demonstrate analytical and managerial skills for sustainable wildlife management practices in multi-disciplinary environments;

A4. Demonstrate knowledge and skills to access relevant information pertaining to wildlife management or allied fields;

A5. Apply their knowledge and skills to identify and mitigate a range of wildlife management problems facing the wildlife-related business industry, government, NGOs and CBOs;

A6. Apply multi- and interdisciplinary approaches to plan, design and execute appropriate research in wildlife management;

A7. Evaluate alternative wildlife-related economic investments and marketing strategies for different enterprises;

A8. Carry out inventory of wildlife resources in reserves, national parks and other wildlife-rich areas for management and marketing purposes;

A9. Identify principal wildlife species and demonstrate knowledge of their habitats and values (economic, ecological…);

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A11. Demonstrate understanding and employ geographical information system (GIS) and mapping softwares in the field of wildlife management;

A12. Use relevant computer packages to understand and/or solve wildlife management-related problems.

Teaching Strategy

Lectures and audio visual presentations are the main ways of imparting knowledge and skills. Others include seminars where specific cases studies may be used; tutorials; laboratory and wildlife field practical; and self study. Individual supervised research projects are also conducted.

Learning strategy

Lectures are the principal method of delivery of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.

Laboratory and field practical and field excursions in all years complement lectures and develop basic and advanced knowledge A7 – A12. Seminars within small groups are widely used to train their communication skills. Research project in year 3 imparts and develops independent learning skills – A6. Self study and assignments involve access to information from research papers, books and electronic resources. Problem-based learning – A6and computer assisted learning – A12 apply.

Assessment Method

Written class exams (class tests and end of semester examinations) are the principle method of assessment for knowledge and understanding in most courses in all years. Timed essays, laboratory and field practical reports and other course work assignments, delivered verbally, written or both are also assessed. In addition to the above, field practicals/excursion must be passed. The individual written research project reports in year 3 are orally presented and assessed.

B. SKILLS AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC/PRACTICAL SKILLS A successful student will be able to:

B1. Plan and design projects, set experiments, collect and analyse data, interpret and write reports in the field of wildlife management.

B2. Identify wildlife species, describe their habits, values and habitats; identify and manage wildlife diseases, and undertake antipoaching operations.

B3. Assess environmental, social and economic impacts of wildlife related investments.

B4. Promote and market wildlife resources locally and internationally.

B5. Identify and investigate wildlife-related problems or issues, through appropriately planned and designed research projects, and present reports of the findings using reasoned arguments to draw clear conclusions and/or recommendations.

B6. Apply a range of methods to measure, evaluate and monitor the statuses of wildlife species and habitats.

B7. Observe legal aspects and manage trade in live animals and wildlife products. B8. Prepare quality general management plans for wildlife protected areas using

appropriate approaches and technologies.

B9. Review documents in wildlife management and related fields. B10. Identify and mitigate wildlife resource related problems.

B11.Transform wildlife resource from a liability to an asset for sustainable development.

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Professional skills relevant to wildlife management are demonstrated in lectures, seminars, laboratory classes, computing sessions, workshops and directed field work and practical exercises. Module leaders and demonstrators facilitate development of these skills.

Students’ acquire skills (B1-B7) through a “hand-on” approach in most courses. Problem-solving skills will be developed through students working in groups on selected case studies which are based on typical real-world problems – preparing for presentation and discussion of the problem in the class. Students will be required to write and present a research project report before graduation. Essays on given subjects. Field practical training at the end of each year.

Assessment methods

These skills are assessed through course work examinations and final examination. Field work assignments. Essays on given subjects. Laboratory and practical reports and exercises.Research project report. Oral and poster presentations.

C. COGNITIVE/INTELLECTUAL SKILLS A successful student will be able to:

C1. Apply wildlife management knowledge and skills to a range of resource management problems facing wildlife business industry, government departments, CBOs and NGOs.

C2. Apply multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to generate research questions and to identify and use appropriate methods in reaching and reporting conclusions (to plan, conduct and write reports on appropriate researches regarding wildlife).

C3. Evaluate alternative wildlife economic investments, and marketing strategies for different enterprises.

C4. Gather, analyse, synthesise, and evaluate critically information, research papers and publications regarding wildlife.

C5. Plan, conduct and write reports on wildlife management projects and allied fields

C6. Understand subject-specific concepts, theories, and principles. Teaching strategy

Teaching strategy will be done through lectures, excursions, seminars, tutorials and independent reading.

Students learn through problem-solving approach, handling data and group discussion. Students are required to participate in lectures, seminars, practical and field trips, and work on course assignments. Self learning developed through provision of explicit directed learning tasks. Oral presentations of individual and group projects.

Assessment Methods

Assessment involves research project reports, assignments, case studies, seminar presentations, oral tests.

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A successful student will be able to:

D1. Communicate information, ideas, problems, arguments and solutions about aspects of wildlife management effectively and professionally by written, graphical and verbal forms to both specialist and non-specialist audiences. D2. Collect, record, analyse, interpret and present data from a range of sources

using appropriate analytical techniques.

D3. Use appropriate IT packages (word processing, standard and statistical software) to solve natural resources management problems.

D4. Demonstrate interpersonal skills and team work spirit.

D5. Demonstrate skills and knowledge to progress to an appropriate postgraduate degree in wildlife management, or allied fields.

D6. Assess environmental, social and economic impacts of wildlife conservation. Teaching strategy

Lectures combine traditional presentation with interactive discussion and real-time development of models supported by the use of Information Technology. Use of IT is embedded in many courses as well as specialized modules offered in the programme. Independent student centered work requiring completion by specific deadlines. Tutorials, oral communication and presentations are practiced in seminars.

The learning methods consist of a mixture of effective timed oral presentations, written communication and team work embedded in courses. Students are required to use Library resources and learn through production of essays, reports and case studies. Assessment methods

These skills are assessed in conjunction with cognitive knowledge through a variety of strategies including; group projects, fieldwork reports, group and individual oral presentations and research project report. Course work and end of semester university examinations. Observation and measurement of tasks and demonstrations, participation in field practical training. Evaluation of research projects report.

Attributes of the graduates

Graduates of the B.Sc. Wildlife Management using this curriculum shall have sufficient knowledge and skills to be employed in the public and private sectors / Non governmental and Community-based organisations.

The duration of the degree programme

The duration of the degree programme according to this curriculum will be 6 semesters for full time students and up to 12 semesters for part time students. This takes into consideration the semester guidelines and standards set by the University. Further, a minimum of 72 Credits will be required for a student to graduate and student will normally be expected to have a course load of at least 12 credits per semester consisting of all core courses and selected elective courses.

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Admission requirements and course assessments are presented in section 10 and 7 of the curriculum respectively. However, special examination regulations for the B.Sc. (Wildlife Management) programme have been revised and are presented in section 11. The pass mark for each examination (theory and practical/oral) has remained to be 50% and there shall be no compensation of marks scored in one examination for another. Students will continue to do their Research Projects in the last 2 semesters and will be examined. The grading system and degree classification will be as stipulated in the General University Examination regulations.

Course Structure

The course structure for the B.Sc. (Wildlife Management) programme is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. BSc (Wildlife Management) curriculum course structure

Course Ante Course Title Lect Pract Sem Credits SEMESTER 1 Core courses WLM 101 Animal Kingdom 45 30 30 2.0 AS 102 Introductory Genetics 20 20 - 1.0 VM 118 Vertebrate Anatomy 50 50 - 2.5 BTM 100 Introduction to Tourism 35 - 20 1.5 FEC 101 CIT 100 Sub-total Introduction to Economics Introduction to Microcomputers 45 30 225 - 60 160 30 - 80 2.0 2.0 11.0 Elective courses1 *MTH 104 General Mathematics I 45 30 1.5 BTM 102 Tourism, Environment and

Development 35 - 20 1.5 VM 119 General Histology 30 30 - 1.5 **SC 100 Communication Skills I 45 - 30 2.0 Sub-total Total 6.5 17.5

*Guided elective all students have to take this course because of its importance. **Elective but mandatory to those classified as poor in English.

SEMESTER 2 Core courses

FBL 101 Forest Botany 45 30 - 2.0

FBL 102 Principles of Ecology 45 30 - 2.0

FBL 103 Introduction to Soil Science 30 30 - 1.5

VM 125 Animal Physiology 45 30 - 2.0 MTH 106 Introductory Statistics 45 30 - 2.0 Sc 101 Sub-total Communication Skills II 45 255 - 150 30 30 2.0 11.5 Elective courses

1_{Elective courses listed under each semester are just indicative. The student is free to elect any course from any} Department/Faculty, but MUST first consult his/her academic advisor and the relevant Department.

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AEA 102 Introduction to Agribusiness 30 30 30 2.0

BTM 108 Economics of Tourism 45 30 - 2.0

WLM 102 First Aid and Emergency Care 20 20 - 1.0 Sub-Total Total 5.0 16.5 SEMESTER 3 Core courses WLM 201 Mammalogy 15 30 - 1.0 WLM 202 Ornithology 30 30 - 1.5 WLM 203 Herpetology 15 30 - 1.0 WLM 204 Ballistics 15 30 - 1.0

VM 235 Wildlife Entomology and Parasitology

30 30 - 1.5

WLM 206 Ichthyology 20 20 - 1.0

FEC 202 Introduction to Natural Resources and Environmental Economics

45 - 30 2.0

Sub-total 170 170 30 9.0

Elective courses

FMM 202 Forest Biometry 45 30 - 2.0

EE 209 Introduction to Social Research 30 15 15 1.5 BTM 200 Introduction to Tourism Marketing 45 - 30 2.0 WLM 212 Sub-total Total Conservation of Wetlands 20 20 - 1.0 6.5 17.5 SEMESTER 4 Core courses

WLM 207 Range Ecology and Management 40 - 10 1.5 WLM 208 Principles and Techniques of

Wildlife Management

35 20 - 1.5 WLM 209 Wildlife Population Ecology 35 20 - 1.5

WLM 210 Wildlife Nutrition 25 10 - 1.0

WLM 211 Introduction to Animal Behaviour 30 30 - 1.5 FMM 102 Introduction to Remote Sensing

and GIS

45 30 - 2.0

VM 261 Wildlife Diseases 35 20 - 1.5

Sub-total 245 130 10 10.5

BTM 210 Customer Care and Interpersonal Skills

20 20 - 1.0 CIT 200 Computing Applications 30 60 - 2.0 FBL 208 Sub-Total Total Climate Change 45 30 - 2.0 5.0 15.5 SEMESTER 5 Core courses

WLM 301 Wildlife Policies and Legislation 45 - 30 2.0 WLM 302 Wildlife Conservation Education

and Extension

20 - 20 1.0 WLM 303 Criminology and Wildlife Law

Enforcement

45 30 - 2.0 WLM 304 Participatory Wildlife Conservation 20 - 20 1.0

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Sub-Total 145 60 100 7.5

WLM 305 Biodiversity Conservation and Monitoring

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 303 Introduction to Coastal and

Marine Ecosystems

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 300 Tour Guiding Techniques 45 30 - 2.0 AEA 304 Sub-total Total Business Strategy 30 30 30 2.0 7.0 14.5 SEMESTER 6 Core courses

WLM 306 Wildlife Protected Area Planning 45 30 30 2.5 WLM 307 Infrastructure in Wildlife Protected

Areas

20 20 - 1.0

WLM 308 Wildlife Utilisation 30 - - 1.0

WLM 309 Wildlife-Based Tourism & Eco-tourism

40 - 10 1.5 FEC 304 Entrepreneurship skills and

Development

30 5 20 1.5 ENV 306 Environmental Impact

Assessment 45 30 2.0 WLM 312 Research Project II - - 120 2.0 Sub total 210 55 210 11.5 Elective courses WLM 310 Environmental Physiology 20 20 - 1.0 WLM 311 Automobile Operating Principles 20 20 - 1.0 FEC 301 Principles of Administration and

Management

45 15 15 2.0 FEC 305 Introductory Marketing and

Financial Accounting

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 308

Sub-Total Total

Human Resource Management 35 - 20 1.5 7.0 18.5 Field practical training

The Faculty continues to attach great importance to practical training, as an essential requirement of the degree programme. The field practical schedule is shown below:

Semester 2 Weeks

WLM 101 Animal Kingdom (lab practical at UDSM) 1

WLM 101 Animal Kingdom 1

FBL 101 Forest Botany & FBL 102 Principles of Ecology 1

Total 3

Semester 4

Laboratory practical at CAWM, Mweka (WLM 201 (Mammalogy),

WLM 202 (Ornithology), WLM 203 (Herpetology) & WLM 204 (Ballistics)) 3

WLM 207 Range Ecology and Management 1

WLM 201 Mammalogy, WLM 202 Ornithology & WLM 203 Herpetology 2 WLM 208 Principles and Techniques of WM and WLM 209 Wildlife

Population Ecology 1

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VM 261 Wildlife Diseases 1

Total 9

Semester 6

WLM 304 Participatory Wildlife Conservation & 302 Wildlife Conservation

Education and Extension 1

WLM 306 Wildlife Protected Area Planning & WLM 307

Infrastructure in Protected Areas 1

WLM 308 Wildlife Utilisation & WLM 309 Wildlife-Based Tourism & Ecotourism 1

Total 3

However, according to this curriculum, field practical arrangements have been changed to reflect the current budgetary constraints.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... ii Background... ii Justification ... iii

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PRINCIPAL LEARNING OUTCOMES... iii

Teaching Strategy... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

1. BACKGROUND ...3

2. JUSTIFICATION ...4

3. AIMS OF THE BSC PROGRAMME...4

4. PRINCIPAL LEARNING OUTCOMES...4

Teaching Strategy...5

5. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNER OUTCOMES ...8

6. ATTRIBUTES OF GRADUATES ...8

7. DURATION OF THE DEGREE PROGAMME ...8

8. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ...9

9. SPECIAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS FOR B. SC. (WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT) ...9

10. GRADING SYSTEM ...10

11. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DEGREE ...10

12. PROGRAMME COURSE STRUCTURE ...10

13. FIELD PRACTICALS TRAINING PROGRAMME ...14

14. PROGRAMME DETAILED COURSE CONTENTS ...15

15. FIELD PRACTICAL TRAINING...61

15.1 CONTENTS ...61

15.2 MODALITIES ...Error! Bookmark not defined. 16. EXAMINATION SCHEME...63

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1. BACKGROUND

The B.Sc. Wildlife Management degree programme at SUA started in 1998. After three years the University adopted a semester system, which necessitated review of all curricula. Consequently, in 2001, a new B.Sc. Wildlife Management curriculum under the semester system became operational. Since 2001 several issues have emerged. For instance, the University decided to engage consultants to carry out a study on the curricula, performance of graduates where they are employed and needs assessment of employers in relation to the training offered in various undergraduate degree programmes. The training needs assessments, job market surveys and tracer studies identified some deficiencies that had to be addressed. Among them were that:

i. Skills and competencies are not adequately provided by the existing curriculum and thus it has to be significantly revised.

ii. There were inadequacies in providing the necessary training to prepare students to effectively and efficiently handle their jobs after graduation.

iii. Many graduates lack business and entrepreneurship skills.

Apart from these findings by the consultants, the existing curriculum has more contact hours than there should be. This was a result of rounding up of credits when the University went into semester system, which caused unnecessary increase of contact hours per course. Also, SUA has been facing problems linked to inadequate funds to carry out the training effectively. A prominent problem has been insufficient funds to conduct field practical training. It was thus necessary to review all curricula at the University, including curriculum for B.Sc. Wildlife Management to address the emerging challenges.

Major improvements in the reviewed curriculum include:

1. Introduction of new courses such as Introduction to Animal Behaviour, Climate Change and Natural Resources, Environmental Physiology, Automobile Operating Principles, Introduction to Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Introduction to Tourism, Tourism, Environment and Development, Economics of Tourism, Introduction to Tourism Marketing, Tour Guiding Techniques, Customer Care and Interpersonal Skills, Basic Sociology, and Human Resource Management. Since wildlife management is basically management of people’s use of the resource, and tourism, most of which is wildlife-based, is now number one in Tanzania’s economy, these new courses are expected to enhance the skills and competencies of graduates. Other new courses such as Entrepreneurship & Feasibility Studies will build the graduates’ business and entrepreneurial skills.

2. Promotion of some courses such as Ballistics, Wildlife Entomology and Parasitology, Ichthyology and Conservation of Wetlands from elective to core. These are courses that are also fundamental to a student of wildlife management. 3. Deletion of some courses such as Biochemistry, Animal Biotechnology,

Intervention Strategies of Development and Planning, and Management of Development, which have less importance to wildlife managers.

4. Reduction of field practical training for First Year students from four to three weeks and deletion of the two-week Long Field Trip for finalists. This has been done as a cost-cutting measure. As a result field practical training for finalists has been reduced by two weeks from five to three. In total field practical training period has been reduced by 16.7% from 18 to 15 weeks.

5. Reduction of contact hours for some courses by re-introducing decimal points in credits. This has left room for new courses.

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6. Making it easier for people to join the programme by softening entry qualifications and widening the “catchment area” (see Section 10).

Generally, the new curriculum will prepare students to effectively and efficiently handle a variety of jobs after graduation.

2. JUSTIFICATION

Since the current curriculum has some deficiencies, the review exercise is aimed at addressing the identified deficiencies and making sure that the training is abreast with emerging global issues for producing graduates who are conversant with many facets in this dynamic world. The revised curriculum has, therefore, included new courses, including new concepts in entrepreneurship and job market preparation skills.

3. AIMS OF THE BSC PROGRAMME

The main objectives of the revised curriculum for BSc. Wildlife Management is to enable production of wildlife experts who are equipped with the necessary technical, analytical, managerial and entrepreneurial skills in wildlife management and related industries for sustainable development.

Specific aims of the revised curriculum and the degree programme in general are to: • Provide the necessary background in technology and analytical skills, which will

enable graduates to plan, design and manage wildlife enterprises and industries for sustainable wildlife practices in a multidisciplinary environment.

• Impart skills required in conducting basic and applied wildlife research, extension work and consultancy.

• Prepare graduates to address environmental and conservation issues. • Prepare graduates for self-employment.

• Provide a sound base from which graduates can embark on postgraduate training leading to research in wildlife and related careers.

4. PRINCIPAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

A. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF SUBJECT

Upon successful completion of the degree programme, graduates will be able to:

A1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts and theories of wildlife management and relate them to practical work-based situations;

A2. Demonstrate understanding of new and emerging technologies for consumptive wildlife utilization and processing of trophies;

A3. Demonstrate analytical and managerial skills for sustainable wildlife management practices in multi-disciplinary environments;

A4. Demonstrate knowledge and skills to access relevant information pertaining to wildlife management or allied fields;

A5. Apply their knowledge and skills to identify and mitigate a range of wildlife management problems facing the wildlife-related business industry, government, NGOs and CBOs;

A6. Apply multi- and interdisciplinary approaches to plan, design and execute appropriate research in wildlife management;

A7. Evaluate alternative wildlife-related economic investments and marketing strategies for different enterprises;

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A8. Carry out inventory of wildlife resources in reserves, national parks and other wildlife-rich areas for management and marketing purposes;

A9. Identify principal wildlife species and demonstrate knowledge of their habitats and values (economic, ecological…);

A10. Identify and manage principal wildlife pests and diseases;

A11. Demonstrate understanding and employ geographical information system (GIS) and mapping softwares in the field of wildlife management;

A12. Use relevant computer packages to understand and/or solve wildlife management-related problems.

Teaching Strategy

Lectures and audio visual presentations are the main ways of imparting knowledge and skills. Others include seminars where specific cases studies may be used; tutorials; laboratory and wildlife field practical; and self study. Individual supervised research projects are also conducted.

Lectures are the principal method of delivery of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.

Laboratory and field practical and field excursions in all years complement lectures and develop basic and advanced knowledge A7 – A12. Seminars within small groups are widely used to train their communication skills. Research project in year 3 imparts and develops independent learning skills – A6. Self study and assignments involve access to information from research papers, books and electronic resources. Problem-based learning – A6and computer assisted learning – A12 apply.

Assessment Method

Written class exams (class tests and end of semester examinations) are the principle method of assessment for knowledge and understanding in most courses in all years. Timed essays, laboratory and field practical reports and other course work assignments, delivered verbally, written or both are also assessed. In addition to the above, field practicals/excursion must be passed. The individual written research project reports in year 3 are orally presented and assessed.

B. SKILLS AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC/PRACTICAL SKILLS A successful student will be able to:

B1. Plan and design projects, set experiments, collect and analyse data, interpret and write reports in wildlife management.

B2. Identify wildlife species, describe their habits, values and habitats; identify and manage wildlife diseases, and undertake anti-poaching operations.

B3. Assess environmental, social and economic impacts of wildlife related investments. B4. Promote and market wildlife resources locally and internationally.

B5. Identify and investigate wildlife-related problems or issues, through appropriately planned and designed research projects, and present reports of the findings using reasoned arguments to draw clear conclusions and/or recommendations.

B6. Apply a range of methods to measure, evaluate and monitor the statuses of wildlife species and habitats.

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B8. Prepare quality general management plans for wildlife protected areas using appropriate approaches and technologies.

B9. Review documents in wildlife management and related fields. B10. Identify and mitigate wildlife resource related problems.

B11.Transform wildlife resource from a liability to an asset for sustainable development Teaching strategy

Professional skills relevant to wildlife management are demonstrated in lectures, seminars, laboratory classes, computing sessions, workshops and directed field work and practical exercises. Module leaders and demonstrators facilitate development of these skills.

Students’ acquire skills (B1-B7) through a “hand-on” approach in most courses. Problem-solving skills will be developed through students working in groups on selected case studies which are based on typical real-world problems – preparing for presentation and discussion of the problem in the class. Students will be required to write and present a research project report before graduation. Essays on given subjects. Field practical training at the end of each year.

Assessment methods

These skills are assessed through course work examinations and final examination. Field work assignments. Essays on given subjects. Laboratory and practical reports and exercises.Research project report. Oral and poster presentations.

C. COGNITIVE/INTELLECTUAL SKILLS A successful student will be able to:

C1. Apply wildlife management knowledge and skills to a range of resource management problems facing wildlife business industry, government departments, CBOs and NGOs.

C2. Apply multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to generate research questions and to identify and use appropriate methods in reaching and reporting conclusions (to plan, conduct and write reports on appropriate researches regarding wildlife).

C3. Evaluate alternative wildlife economic investments, and marketing strategies for different enterprises.

C4. Gather, analyse, synthesise, and evaluate critically information, research papers and publications regarding wildlife.

C5. Plan, conduct and write reports on wildlife management projects and allied fields. C6. Understand subject-specific concepts, theories, and principles.

Teaching strategy

Teaching will be done through lectures, excursions, seminars, tutorials and independent reading.

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Students learn through problem-solving approach, handling data and group discussion. Students are required to participate in lectures, seminars, practical and field trips, and work on course assignments. Self learning developed through provision of explicit directed learning tasks. Oral presentations of individual and group projects.

Assessment Methods

Assessment involves research project reports, assignments, case studies, seminar presentations, oral tests.

D. TRANSFERABLE SKILLS – A successful student will be able to:

D1. Communicate information, ideas, problems, arguments and solutions about aspects of wildlife management effectively and professionally by written, graphical and verbal forms to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.

D2. Collect, record, analyse, interpret and present data from a range of sources using appropriate analytical techniques.

D3. Use appropriate IT packages (word processing, standard and statistical software) to solve natural resources management problems.

D4. Demonstrate interpersonal skills and team work spirit.

D5. Demonstrate skills and knowledge to progress to an appropriate postgraduate degree in wildlife management, or allied fields.

D6. Assess environmental, social and economic impacts of wildlife conservation. Teaching strategy

Lectures combine traditional presentation with interactive discussion and real-time development of models supported by the use of Information Technology. Use of IT is embedded in many courses as well as specialized modules offered in the programme. Independent student centered work requiring completion by specific deadlines. Tutorials, oral communication and presentations are practiced in seminars.

The learning methods consist of a mixture of effective timed oral presentations, written communication and team work embedded in courses. Students are required to use Library resources and learn through production of essays, reports and case studies. Assessment methods

These skills are assessed in conjunction with cognitive knowledge through a variety of strategies including; group projects, fieldwork reports, group and individual oral

presentations and research project report. Course work and end of semester university examinations. Observation and measurement of tasks and demonstrations, participation in field practical training. Evaluation of research projects report.

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7. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNER OUTCOMES

Assessment of students for courses with practical components shall be as follows: a) Student’s reports on practical work in the laboratory/field shall carry 10% of the

total marks.

b) Laboratory/field practical tests shall carry 25% of the total marks.

c) Tests, essays, seminars and assignments shall carry 25% of the total marks; d) The end of semester university examination shall carry 40% of the total marks. Assessment of students for courses with no practical components shall be by giving tests, quizzes, essays, assignments and/or seminar presentations at appropriate stages during the semester. Class tests, assignments and quizzes shall carry 40% of the total marks; and end-of-semester examination shall carry 60% of the total marks.

The pass mark for each subject shall be 50% and there shall be compensation of marks scored in one examination for another within one subject.

Each student shall be required to undertake a Research Project in the last two semesters for which a report must be completed and submitted for examination at least two weeks before the final end-of-semester examinations begin.

8. ATTRIBUTES OF GRADUATES

Graduates are expected to have competence in general and specific aspects of wildlife management and be able to integrate acquired skills and knowledge needed in various areas of the wildlife sector for socio-economic development of the country.

They should be able to work in: i) Government

ii) Non-governmental organizations

iii) Universities and other training institutions iv) Research institutions

v) Private companies

Graduates should also be able to use their managerial and entrepreneurial skills for self-employment by starting their own businesses.

9. DURATION OF THE DEGREE PROGAMME

• In accordance with the semester guidelines and standards, the duration of the degree programme will be 6 semesters for full time students and up to 12 semesters for part time students.

• In order to graduate, candidates in the BSc. Wildlife Management degree programme will require a minimum of 72 Credits.

• A student will normally be expected to have a course load of at least 12 credits per semester consisting of all core courses and selected elective courses.

• A student in the programme will be allowed to take any elective/core courses from any degree programme in consultation with his/her academic advisor. The elective courses shown in the curriculum are not exhaustive but only indicative.

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10. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS i) “A” Level Candidates

Two principal level passes in Biology/Botany/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics/Geography passed at the same sitting. The sum of the three principal subjects passed at ‘A’ level should not be less than 4.0

OR

Two principal level passes in either Biology/Botany/Zoology and Chemistry/Physics/Geography passed at separate sittings provided they are both of Grade ‘C’ or higher.

ii) Diploma Candidates with Credits or Distinction

Diploma in Wildlife Management, Forestry, Beekeeping, Animal Health or Animal Production passed at Second Class (Credit) or above from a recognized college

AND

Passes in FOUR relevant subjects at “O” level or TWO relevant principal passes of ‘E’ grade at ‘A’ level.

iii) Diploma Candidates with ‘PASS’

Diploma in Wildlife Management, Forestry, Beekeeping, Animal Health or Animal Production passed at PASS from a recognized college

AND

Passes in FOUR science subjects at ‘O’ level or equivalent. The science subjects MUST include Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology/Botany/Agriculture and Physics/Geography. This category of applicants shall be required to sit and pass a Mature Age Entry Examination (MAEE).

iv) Certificate Candidates

Certificate in Wildlife Management, Forestry, Beekeeping, Animal Health or Animal Production passed at Credit/Distinction

AND

Passes in FOUR science subjects at ‘O’ level or equivalent. The science subjects MUST include Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology/Botany/Agriculture and Physics/Geography. This category of applicants shall be required to sit and pass a Mature Age Entry Examination (MAEE).

11. SPECIAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS FOR BSc. (WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT) In addition to the University’s general examination regulations, the following regulations will apply in the Bachelor of Science in Wildlife Management degree programme.

Candidates must satisfy the examiners in written examinations, practicals (laboratory and field) and seminars. Examiners may require a candidate to appear for an oral examination.

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Assessment of students for courses with practical components shall be as follows: a) Student’s reports on practical work in the laboratory/field shall carry 10% of the

total marks.

b) Laboratory/field practical tests shall carry 25% of the total marks.

c) Tests, essays, seminars and assignments shall carry 25% of the total marks; d) The end of semester university examination shall carry 40% of the total marks. Assessment of students for courses with no practical components shall be by giving tests, essays, assignments and/or seminar presentations at appropriate stages during the semester. Course work assessment and end of semester examination shall carry 40% and 60% of the total marks respectively.

In addition to the above, field practicals/excursion must be passed. (ii) Pass mark

The pass mark for each examination (theory and practical/oral) shall be 50%. There shall be no compensation of marks scored in one examination for another.

(iii) Research Projects

Each candidate shall be required to undertake a Research Project in the last 2 semesters for which a report must be completed and submitted for examination at least 2 weeks before semester 6 University examinations begin. Each candidate shall be required to appear for an examinable oral presentation of his/her Research Project proposal in semester 5.

(iv) Field Practical Training

The Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation attaches great importance to practical training, as an essential requirement of the degree programme. The relevant Department shall carry out the assessment of the field practical training.

12. GRADING SYSTEM

The grading system shall be as stipulated in the General University Examination Regulations.

13. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DEGREE

Classification of the degree shall be as stipulated in the General University Examination Regulations.

14. PROGRAMME COURSE STRUCTURE

Course Ante Course Title Lect Pract Sem Credits SEMESTER 1 Core courses WLM 101 Animal Kingdom 45 30 30 2.0 AS 102 Introductory Genetics 20 20 - 1.0 VM 118 Vertebrate Anatomy 50 50 - 2.5 BTM 100 Introduction to Tourism 35 - 20 1.5 FEC 101 Introduction to Economics 45 - 30 2.0

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CIT 100 Introduction to Microcomputers 30 60 - 2.0

Sub-total 225 160 80 11.0

Elective courses2

**SC 100 Communication Skills 45 - 30 2.0 BTM 102 Tourism, Environment and

Development 35 - 20 1.5 VM 119 General Histology 30 30 - 1.5 *MTH 104 General Mathematics I 45 30 30 2.0 Sub-total Total 7.0 18.0 *Guided elective; all students have to take this course because of its importance. **Elective but mandatory to those classified as poor in English.

SEMESTER 2 Core courses

FBL 101 Forest Botany 45 30 - 2.0

FBL 102 Principles of Ecology 45 30 - 2.0

FBL 103 Introduction to Soil Science 30 30 - 1.5

VM 125 Animal Physiology 45 30 - 2.0

MTH 106 Introductory Statistics 45 30 - 2.0

SC 101 Communication Skills II 45 - 30 2.0

Sub-total 255 150 - 11.5

AEA 102 Introduction to Agribusiness 30 30 30 2.0

BTM 108 Economics of Tourism 45 30 - 2.0

WLM 102 First Aid and Emergency Care 20 20 - 1.0 Sub-Total Total 5.0 16.5 SEMESTER 3 Core courses WLM 201 Mammalogy 15 30 - 1.0 WLM 202 Ornithology 30 30 - 1.5 WLM 203 Herpetology 15 30 - 1.0 WLM 204 Ballistics 15 30 - 1.0

VM 235 Wildlife Entomology and Parasitology

30 30 - 1.5

WLM 206 Ichthyology 20 20 - 1.0

FEC 202 Introduction to Natural Resources and Environmental Economics

45 - 30 2.0

Sub-total 170 170 30 9.0

FMM 202 Forest Biometry 45 30 - 2.0

EE 209 Introduction to Social Research 30 15 15 1.5 BTM 200 Introduction to Tourism Marketing 45 - 30 2.0 WLM 212 Conservation of Wetlands 20 20 - 1.0

2 _{Elective courses listed under each semester are just indicative. The student is free to elect any course from any} Department/Faculty, but MUST first consult his/her academic advisor and the relevant Department.

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Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, SUA, September 2008 Sub-total Total 6.5 17.5 SEMESTER 4 Core courses

WLM 207 Range Ecology and Management 40 - 10 1.5 WLM 208 Principles and Techniques of

Wildlife Management

35 20 - 1.5 WLM 209 Wildlife Population Ecology 35 20 - 1.5

WLM 210 Wildlife Nutrition 25 10 - 1.0

WLM 211 Introduction to Animal Behaviour 30 30 - 1.5 FMM 102 Introduction to Remote Sensing

and GIS

45 30 - 2.0

VM 261 Wildlife Diseases 35 20 - 1.5

Sub-total 245 130 10 10.5

BTM 210 Customer Care and Interpersonal Skills

20 20 - 1.0 CIT 200 Computing Applications 30 60 - 2.0 FBL 208 Sub-Total Total Climate Change 45 30 - 2.0 5.0 15.5 SEMESTER 5 Core courses

WLM 301 Wildlife Policies and Legislation 45 - 30 2.0 WLM 302 Wildlife Conservation Education

and Extension

20 - 20 1.0 WLM 303 Criminology and Wildlife Law

Enforcement

45 30 - 2.0 WLM 304 Participatory Wildlife Conservation 20 - 20 1.0

WLM 312 Research Project I 15 30 30 1.5

Sub-Total 145 60 100 7.5

WLM 305 Biodiversity Conservation and Monitoring

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 303 Introduction to Coastal and

Marine Ecosystems

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 300 Tour Guiding Techniques 45 30 - 2.0 AEA 304 Sub-total Total Business Strategy 30 30 30 2.0 7.0 14.5 SEMESTER 6 Core courses

WLM 306 Wildlife Protected Area Planning 45 30 30 2.5 WLM 307 Infrastructure in Wildlife Protected

Areas

20 20 - 1.0

WLM 308 Wildlife Utilisation 30 - - 1.0

WLM 309 Wildlife-Based Tourism & Eco-tourism

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FEC 304 Entrepreneurship skills and Development

30 5 20 1.5 ENV 306 Environmental Impact

Assessment 45 30 2.0 WLM 312 Research Project II - - 120 2.0 Sub total 165 55 180 9.5 Elective courses WLM 310 Environmental Physiology 20 20 - 1.0 WLM 311 Automobile Operating Principles 20 20 - 1.0 FEC 301 Principles of Administration and

Management

45 15 15 2.0 FEC 305 Introductory Marketing and

Financial Accounting

30 30 - 1.5 BTM 308

Sub-Total Total

Human Resource Management 35 - 20 1.5 7.0 16.5

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15. FIELD PRACTICALS TRAINING PROGRAMME

Semester 2 Weeks

WLM 101 Animal Kingdom (lab practical at UDSM) 1

WLM 101 Animal Kingdom 1

FBL 101 Forest Botany & FBL 102 Principles of Ecology 1

Total 3

Semester 4

Laboratory practical at CAWM, Mweka (WLM 201 (Mammalogy),

WLM 202 (Ornithology), WLM 203 (Herpetology) & WLM 204 (Ballistics)) 3

WLM 207 Range Ecology and Management 1

WLM 201 Mammalogy, WLM 202 Ornithology & WLM 203 Herpetology 2 WLM 208 Principles and Techniques of WM and WLM 209 Wildlife Population

Ecology 1

WLM 206 Ichthyology & WLM 212 Conservation of Wetlands 1

VM 261 Wildlife Diseases 1

Total 9

Semester 6

WLM 304 Participatory Wildlife Conservation & 302 Wildlife Conservation

Education and Extension 1

WLM 306 Wildlife Protected Area Planning & WLM 307

Infrastructure in Protected Areas 1

WLM 308 Wildlife Utilisation & WLM 309 Wildlife-Based Tourism & Ecotourism 1

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16. PROGRAMME DETAILED COURSE CONTENTS SEMESTER 1

CORE COURSES

WLM 101 Animal Kingdom 2.0 Credits (45L-30P) Pre-requisite: None

Learning outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding of the characteristics of members of the Animal Kingdom.

2. Demonstrate familiarity with different groups in the Animal Kingdom.

3. Identify members of the Animal Kingdom using external structural features and/or behaviour.

Contents: Evolutionary relationships of animal phyla. Study of the animals: Invertebrates; basic structure and biology of protozoa, nematoda, mollusca and anthropoda. Vertebrates; Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. The chordate plan, its establishment and elaboration as exemplified by the lower chordates. The adaptability of the plan as seen in the lives of extant Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.

Practical training: Observation and identification of representative invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Required readings

1. Starr, C. & Taggart, R. 1992. Biology. The Unity and Diversity of Life (6th_Edn).

Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. Belmont.

2. Young, J.Z. 1981. The Life of Vertebrates (3rd_{Edn). Educational Low-Priced Books}

with Oxford University Press, Oxford. Recommended readings

1. John.G. Williams & Norman Arlott. 1980. Collins Field Guide: Birds of East Africa. HarperCollins Publisher, London.

2. Theodor. Haltenorth & Helmut Diller. 1994. Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Africa

including Madagascar. HarperCollins Publisher, London

3. Tracey Hawthorne. 1992. Bill Brach’s Field Guide to the Snakes and other Reptiles

of Southern Africa. (Ed B. Brach). New Holland Publishers Ltd, London.

4. Welty, J.C. & Baptista, L. 1988. The Life of Birds (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing, New York.

5. Webster, D. & Webster, M. 1974. Comparative Vertebrate Morphology. Academic Press, New York/London.

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AS 102 Introductory Genetics 1.0 credit (20L-20P) Pre-requisites: None

Learning outcome:

Upon completion of this course the student will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental principles of heredity in eukaryotes and the way in which biological information is stored, expressed and passed from one generation to the next.

Contents: Definition of terms related to genetics, Importance of genetics in Agriculture.

Mendelian genetics: inheritance at a single locus and Mendel’s principle of segregation,

inheritance at two loci and Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, Extension of Mendelian principles to multiple alleles. Sex-linkage.Types of gene expression and gene interactions. Chromosomal basis of inheritance. Mitosis and cell division, meiosis and gametogenesis. Sex determination in mammals and birds. Genetic linkage and genetic mapping in Eukaryotes.

The structure and function of genetic material: DNA as genetic material, RNA as genetic material, the chemical composition of DNA and RNA, the physical structure of DNA. The organization of DNA into chromosomes. DNA replication and recombination. The

transcription process and RNA molecules. The genetic code and translation of the genetic message. Regulation of gene expression and development in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Mutations: Chromosomal mutations - Variations in chromosome structure and variations in chromosome number. Gene mutation - types of gene mutations and causes of mutations.

Practical: Observation of inheritance of some traits in different farm animals, predicting the outcome of matings among different genotypes, construction of linkage maps, isolation of genetic material.

Required readings Recommended readings

VM 118 Vertebrate Anatomy 2.5 Credits (50L-50P) Co-requisite: WLM 101 or the equivalent

Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of vertebrate anatomy 2. Identify gross morphology of vertebrates.

Contents: Introduction: morphological characteristics and classification of vertebrates, organs and systems of the vertebrate body. A study of comparative osteology, arthrology, myology, splanchnology, neurology, sensory organs and the integument of the vertebrates with emphasis to species adaptation.

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Practical training: A study on vertebrate bones with emphasis on its application to taxa identification; dissection of selected animals to study the joints and muscles. Dissection and study of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, genital, circulatory, nervous and integumentary systems; sensory organs and the endocrine glands of the mammals, aves, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

Required readings Recommended readings

BTM 100 Introduction to Tourism 1.5 Credits (35L-20S) Pre requisite: None

Upon completion of this course students will be able to:

1. Describe the important theories and conceptual issues related to tourism. 2. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts in tourism.

3. Evaluate the impacts of tourism development

Contents: History of recreation. History and development of tourism. Theories on leisure and tourism. Types of tourism: qualified tourism, specialist tourism, adventure tourism, alternative tourism, ecotourism. Definitions of tourism management, recreation, and the work-leisure relationship. Exploration of the major components and organization structure of the tourism and hospitality industry. Present historical developments, opportunities and current trends. Introduction of developments in tourism in Tanzania, and elements of the tourism industry with special reference to delivery systems: attractions, local accommodation, support services and promotion. Principles and current knowledge of domestic and international tourism; benefits to community, area, state and nation; trends and potentials. Theoretical background of tourism. The structure of tourism industry and its elements. Models in tourism and Hospitality and travel studies. Hospitality and tourism benefits to the nation, region, district and local communities. Essence and profile of contemporary tourism and hotel industry, basic rules and conditions for hotel related operation.

Seminars: Discussions on the various types of tourism, safety and preventing accidents in active tourism.

1. Liclorish, L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism, Butterworth – Heinemann, Great Britain.

2. Gartner, W.C. Tourism Development: Principles, Process and Policies. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 451 p.

3. Lickorish, L.J. and Jenkins, C.L. 1997. An Introduction to Tourism. Butterworth Heinman, London.

4. Page, S. 2006. Tourism Management. Elsevier Publications. 496 p.

5. Theobald, W.F. (Ed), 1994. Global Tourism: The Next Decade. Butterworth Heinemann.

6. Prosser, R. (1997). Leisure, Recreation and Tourism, 2nd_{Edition Collind Educational,}

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7. Holloway, J. C. (1998). The Business of Tourism. 5th Edition. Longman, Great Britain. Recommended readings

1. Lattin, G. L 1998. Introduction to the Hospitality Industry 4th_{Edition Institute.}

Educational Institute of AHMA.

2. Sincha, P.C. 1997. International Encyclopedia of Tourism, Vol. 5. New Delhi- Concept.

3. Goeldner, J. R. Brent Ritchie, (2003). Tourism Principles & Practice, Philosophies. 4. Duboux, (1989). Dictionary of Hotel & Tourism, Rot-Weib Press, German.

5. Any other related readings.

FBL 103 Introduction to Soil Science. 1.5 Credits (30L-30P) Pre-requisite: None

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the elementary aspects of soil formation; 2. Discuss basic soil physical, chemical, biological and morphological properties; 3. Explain the behaviour of soils in managed and natural landscapes.

Contents: Principles of modern geology. The constitution of the earth's crust. Rock types and mineralogy. Weathering of rocks. Soil development. Soil as a natural body. Soil profile, horizons and their nomenclature with emphasis on forest soils. Physical and chemical properties of soil. Soil water – plant relationships. Soil organisms. Soil organic matter formation and dynamics. Nutrient availability in forest soils. Use of soil information on forest management. Impact of selected forest practices on soil properties. Impact of environmental pollution on forest soil productivity.

Practical training: Soil formation. Determination of soil physical and chemical properties.

1. Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 559 p.

2. Brady, N.C. 1994. Nature and Properties of Soils. 10th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company. 621p.

3. Maliondo, S.M.S. 1994. Introduction to Soil Science: A compendium. SUA, Morogoro. 138 p.

4. White, R.E. 1997. Principles and Practice of Soil Science: The Soil as a Natural

Resource. 3rd_{Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK. 348 p.}

Recommended readings

1. Gardiner, D.T. and Miller, R.W. 2004. Soils in Our Environment. 10th_Edition.

Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 641 pp. 2. Any web related literature

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FEC 101 Introduction to Economics 2.0 Credits (45L-30S) Pre-requisite: None

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the theories of microeconomics; the economic behavior and decision-making of individual consumers, firms, and industries

2. Demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of macroeconomics and the overall aspects and workings of a national income accounting and the interrelationship among diverse economic sectors.

Contents: Basic concepts and definitions of economics. The consumption theories (demand, supply, elasticity and utility). The theory of production (production and production functions, cost and revenue functions, marginal analysis, profit maximization and short and long-run curves). Markets and market structures. National income accounting. Money supply, demand and functions. Special features in Forest/wildlife/ environmental economics.

Required readings:

1. Gregory, G.R. 1987. Resource Economics for Foresters. John Wiley and Sons. Chapter 11 & 12.

2. Lipsey, R.G. 1982. Introduction to Positive Economics. English Language Book Society and Longman Company Limited. 484 p.

3. Price, C. 1989. The Theory and Application of Forest Economics. T.J. Press (Padston) Ltd. 402 p.

4. Samuelson, P.A. 1980. Economics. McGrawHill, Kogakusha Ltd. 861 p. 5. Tadoro, M.P. 1989. Economics for Developing World. Longman, U.K. 6. Walter, J.W. 2002. Economics. Barron’s Education Series Inc., Uk. Recommended readings

1. Hardwick, P. 1999. An Introduction to Modern Economics. Longman Company. U.K. 2. Hanley, N. and Spash, C.L.1993. Cost Benefit Analysis and the Environment. Hartnolls Ltd. 278 p.

3. Randall, A. 1987. Resource Economics: An Economic Approach to Natural Resource

and Environmental Policy. 2nd ed. Toronto: John Wiley and Son. 434p. SC 100: Communication Skills I (45L- 30S)

Learning Outcomes Students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate competence in communication in English using correct grammar 2. Demonstrate ability in manipulating language tools in communicating or

articulating in other university courses. Course Content

Basic sentence structure: elements of structure in a sentence (e.g. subjects, verbs, objects, adverbials, etc.)

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Subject verb agreement; the concept of agreement, ordering of items in the subject Non-Finite Verb Forms; the forms and functions of non-finite verbs

Noun classes; mass versus count nouns, mass and count nouns with quantifiers Uses of the article; definite and indefinite articles

The English tense system (i.e. tense versus time, aspect versus tense, uses of the tense)

The verb phrase; (simple versus compound verbs, forms of compound verbs, main verbs versus auxiliary verbs, uses of auxiliary verbs)

Formation of passive forms of verbs; the process of passive formations, participants’ roles in active and passive sentences

Conjunctions in signalling and linking ideas; the use of conjunctions (also known as connectors) in joining sentences and indicating relationship of ideas between and within sentences and paragraph

Other connectors in contextual reference Required reading

Mohamed, H.I. (2008). Grammar and Mechanics of Writing in academics: A University

Handbook. Mzumbe –Morogoro: Mzumbe Book Project

Mafu S.T.A, Mohamed H.I and Neke S.M. (2003). Improve your Communication- SUA Morogoro

Lewis, M. The English Verb: An Exploration of Structure and meaning, London: Language Teaching Publication

Mohamed H.I. (2002). Learn to Communicate Effectively, Mzumbe –Morogoro: Mzumbe Book Project.

Martin. J. R. and David R.(2003). Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum.

Forest, (1998). Revision English, London: Longman.

Schiffrin D. (1987) Discourse markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press CIT 100: Introduction to Microcomputers (2 Credits; 15Lect. 0Sem. 75Pract) Prerequisite: None

Learning Outcomes: Candidates will be able to:

1. Describe the parts of a modern PC and how they are configured, using and explaining common terms and abbreviations

a. Identify and specify PC internal components

a. Differentiate between input, output and hybrid devices b. Specify these devices using appropriate terminology

c. Demonstrate awareness of the latest technological developments and make recommendations regarding their integration into a daily activities

d. Analyze and design appropriate computer systems for purchase and use in the workplace

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2. Understand the need for good file and disk management and describe how to carry out basic housekeeping in both GUI environments.

a. Explain how to create, list, move, copy, delete, and recover files and directories (folders) in GUI environment.

b. Develop a well-constructed file storage system. c. Discuss and perform basic housekeeping tasks. 3. Use internet facilities for searching and communication

d. Identify services available on the Internet

e. Demonstrate the ability of using www for Information searching f. Demonstrate proficiency in the use of email systems.

4. Use word-processing software to create, edit and produce professional looking documents

a. Define word-processing concepts and terminology

b. Create, modify, save and output professional looking documents c. Use word-processing application features

5. Create spreadsheets and charts to analyze, investigate and/or interpret numerical data to support problem-solving process

a. Define spreadsheet concepts and terminology

b. Create, modify, save, and output professional looking documents c. Use spreadsheet application features

6. Use presentation software to create, edit and produce professional looking presentations

a. Define presentation concepts and terminology

b. Create modify, save, and output professional looking presentations c. Use presentation application features

Course Description

This course is an introduction to basic computer concepts and includes hands-on use of microcomputers using common software applications. These software applications include typical features of office suites such as word processing, spreadsheets, presentation software, browsers, and other features found in current software packages. Topics include introduction to hardware and software components of the computer, using features of GUI operating system to manage files. Basic application software found in Microsoft office suite, Internet and Web Basics

Required reading

Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Misty E. Vermaat. (2007), Microsoft Office 2003, Introductory Concepts and Techniques-Premium Edition, Course Technology

White R ((2005), How computers work QUE CORP ISBN: 0789734249

Capron HL, Johnson JA(2003), Computers: Tools for an Information Age, Pearson Education Ltd

ELECTIVE COURSES

EE 101 Basic Sociology 1.0 Credit (30L) Pre-requisite: None

Learning Outcome: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to apply the basic sociological concepts and their importance in real life situations.