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t c a r ts b

A — Appilcaiton o f capactior bank to an electric r e w o p g n i d u l c n i , ti f e n e b n w o n k l l e w s e d i v o r p m e t s y s r e w o p

o t c a

f r correciton ,better votlage regulaiton and freeing up r o j a m a , r e v e w o H . r e f s n a r t r e w o p m u m i x a m e l b a n e o t y ti c a p a c

s i m e t s y s r e w o p n i s r o ti c a p a c f o e s u e h t m o r f g n is i r a n r e c n o c

t n e u q e r f , r e p a p s i h t n I . e c n a n o s e r m e t s y s f o y ti li b is s o p e h t

i r t k n a b r o ti c a p a

c pping and faliure s in two Electrictiy

n e e b e v a h s n o it a t s b u s n o it u b i r t s i d ) G C E ( a n a h G f o y n a p m o C

t I . n o it a l u m is V R P T M E n o d e s a b s a w y d u t s e h T . d e t a g it s e v n i

. e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h o t d e t a l e r e r e w s e r u li a f e h t t a h t d n u o f s a w

Purposefully selected serie s connected inductor s were d

e d n e m m o c e

r to help move the resonan tfrequencie so fthe r e p a p e h T . s e i c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h s c it s i r e t c a r a h c w o l e b k r o w t e n

d d n a s t n e s e r

p iscusse s the technique s appiled in the

n o it a g it s e v n

i andreport stheresutl sachieved.

s m r e T x e d n

I —Harmonicorder ,naturalf requency ,resonan t s

c i n o m r a h c it s i r e t c a r a h c , y c n e u q e r

f .

.I INTRODUCTION

r e f s n a rt r e w o p e s a e r c n i s r o ti c a p a c t n u h s , m e t s y s r e w o p

s r o t c u d n o c r e g r a l r o s e n il w e n g n ir i u q e r t u o h ti w y ti li b a p a c

x e n i y l e v it a l e r e r a s k n a b r o ti c a p a c t n u h S . ] 1

[ pensiveandcan

n o it u b ir t s i d r e w o p a n o e r e h w y n a d e ll a t s n i y li s a e e b

d e s u e b t s u m t n e m g d u j g n ir e e n i g n e , r e v e w o H . k r o w t e n

h g i h h ti w s m e t s y s r e w o p n i s r o ti c a p a c g n i y l p p a n e h w

h c u s n i g n o l e v i v r u s t o n t h g i m s r o ti c a p a C . s t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h

a y e h t fi s t n e m n o ri v n

e rei mpropelryappiled[ 2]

Thi spape rinvesitgate sfrequen ttirpping and occasiona l s k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s y ll a c it a m o t u a d n a d e x if f o e r u li a f

n o it u b ir t s i d ) G C E ( s ’ a n a h G f o y n a p m o C y ti c ir t c e l E e h t n i

b ir t s i d V k 1 1 / 3 3 f o r e b m u n a s a h k r o w t e n e h T . k r o w t e

n uiton

e h T . d e ll a t s n i s k n a b r o ti c a p a c t n u h s h ti w s n o it a t s b u s

i c u d e r f o m i a n i a m e h t h ti w d e ll a t s n i e r e w s r o ti c a p a

c ng

g n i v o r p m i ,s e s s o l m e t s y

s systempowe rfacto randreleasing .

r e f s n a rt r e w o p m u m i x a m e l b a n e o t y ti c a p a c

However ,upon commissioning ,some o fthe capactio r e

v a h o t d e tr o p e r e r e w s k n a

b been tirpping persistenlty on s

e g a tl o v r e v

o .Insomecase scapactiorf aliurehadoccurred . m e l b o r p e h t , s e i d u t s e s a c s a s n o it a t s b u s e h t f o o w t g n i s U

s a

w invesitgated .Frist ,powe rdisturbance analyze rwa s a

t s n

i lled a tthe staiton sto montio rand measure powe r s

r e t e m a r a p y ti l a u

q includingharmoniccontent .Thenetwork

n a

M uscirp treceivedJanuary23 ,2013 ;revisedAprli 20 ,201 . 3 Thi s e

h t y b t r a p n i d e tr o p p u s s a w k r o

w ElectirctiyCompanyo fGhana . u

f u d E e g r o e

G li swtih the ElectirctiyCompany o fGhana ,System a

r c c A , 8 7 2 5 N A x o B . O . P . n o i s i v i D g n i n n a l

P -Notrh ,Ghana . e-mali :

g r o . e e e i @ l u f u d

e

, a n a h G f o y n a p m o C y ti c ir t c e l E e h t h ti w s i h a s n e M d e r f d o

G System

c A , 8 7 2 5 N A x o B . O . P . n o i s i v i D g n i n n a l

P c -raNotrh ,Ghana . e-mali :

s n e m d o

g [email protected]

y ll a i c r e m m o c e h t g n i s u d e n i m a x e d n a d e ll e d o m s a w

y fi t n e d i p l e h o t e r a w tf o s V R P T M E e l b a li a v

a the exac t

g n i b r u t s i

d phenomenon .I twa sfoundt hatt hefaliure swere .

e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h o t d e t a l e r y l g n o rt s

To addres sthe problem ,purposefully selected seire s r

o t c u d n

i s were recommended to help move the resonan t c i n o m r a h c it a m e l b o r p w o l e b k r o w t e n e h t f o s e i c n e u q e r f

n a s t n e s e r p r e p a p e h T . s e i c n e u q e r

f ddiscussest het echnique s s tl u s e r e h t s tr o p e r d n a m e l b o r p e h t e t a g it s e v n i o t d e il p p a

d e v e i h c

a .

.I

I

PARALLELRESONANCEANDSERIESRESONANCE

l e ll a r a p : r u c c o n a c h c i h w e c n a n o s e r f o s m r o f o w t e r a e r e h T

e c n a n o s e r s e ir e s d n a e c n a n o s e r

.

A Paralle lResonance

r l e ll a r a

P esonance occur swhen a harmonic frequency n

o n a y b d e c u d o r

p -ilnea rload closely coincide swtih a e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p a n I . ] 2 [ y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a n m e t s y s r e w o p

e c n a t c a e r e v it i c a p a c d n a e c n a t c a e r e v it c u d n i e h t , ti u c ri c

a o t l e ll a r a p n i e r a s t n e n o p m o c e c n a d e p m

i source o f

l e ll a r a p a f o e l p m a x e n a s w o h s 1 . g i F . t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h

ti u c ri c e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a

h .

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ti u c ri c t n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p f o e l p m a x E : 1 . g i F

e c n a d e p m i m e t s y s t n e l a v i u q e e h t f o t o l p a s w o h s 2 . g i F

S U B m o r f n e e s s a n a c s y c n e u q e r f d n

a -1.I tcanbeseent ha t

h

t e cricui t presents a high impedance a t ti s resonan t s u B m o r f n e e s s a t i u c ri c e h t f o e c n a d e p m i : y c n e u q e r

f -1 i s

7 4

1 Ωa t630Hetrz .Unde rnorma lcondiiton,t hi sshouldno t e

n i s n a e l c A . m e t s y s e h t o t t a e r h t y n a e s o

p -wavevotlagewa s

g n ir u s a e m a g n i s u , d e d r o c e

r deviceM ,a tBus-1 .Howeve,ri t r a e n r o t a t s i x e e c r u o s c i n o m r a h f i y l n o m e l b o r p a s e m o c e b

y c n e u q e r f s i h

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G Membe ,rI AENGandGodfredMensahMembe ,rI EEE

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0 0 0

1 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

0 0 2

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F .2 :Frequencys canandi mpedanceass eenf romBUS-1

.

B Parallelr esonan tequaiton

a g n i v l o v n i m e t s y s f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r l e ll a r a P

c r e m r o f s n a

rt an be esitmated .A ta secondary side o fa e b n a c k r o w t e n a f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r , r e m r o f s n a rt

[ n o it a l e r g n i w o ll o f e h t g n i s u d e n i m r e t e

d 3 :]

R A V k Z

A V k h

r e m r o f s n a r t

u

e

r e h W

f o e c n a d e p m i Z , ti n u r e p n i y c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h s i h

r o f s n a rt e h

t me rin percent ,kVA powe rraitng and . k n a b r o ti c a p a c e h t f o g n it a r r e w o p e v it c a e r R A V k

.

C Seriesr esonance

To preven t resonance from becoming dangerous , the f o y n a w o l e b d e c r o f e b t s u m t n i o p y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a n m e t s y s

e r r u c t n a c if i n g i s e r e h w s e i c n e u q e r f e h

t n tharmonicdistoriton

s e ir e s a n I . d e s u s i ti u c ri c t n a n o s e r s e ir e s , s i h t o d o T . s r u c c o

n i e r a s t n e n o p m o c e c n a t c a e r e v it c u d n i e h t ,t i u c ri c e c n a n o s e r

s e ir e s , y ll a it n e s s E . t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h f o e c r u o s a o t s e ir e s

d e x if a t a d e n u t r e tl if c i n o m r a h a s i t n a n o s e

r frequency to

c i n o m r a h e c u d e r y lt n e u q e s n o c d n a s t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h t c a rt t a

e r s e ir e s f o e l p m a x e n A . n o it r o t s i

d sonan tcricutii sshowni n 3

. g i F .

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3 . g i

F :Exampleofs eiresr esonan tcricuti

f o n o it c n u f a s a e c n a d e p m i f o t o l p a s w o h s 4 . g i F

s e h t n i y c n e u q e r

f eire sresonance cricuti .The effec to fthe l e ll a r a p e h t h ti w d e r a p m o c : n e e s e b n a c e c n a t c u d n i s e ir e s

7 4 1 f o e c n a d e p m i h g i h a s e c u d o r p h c i h w t i u c ri c t n a n o s e

r

-d e n u t ,t i u c ri c s e ir e s e h t ,t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h h t 3 1 e h t t a s m h o

w o l a s e c u d o r p , r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 3 1 o

t impedancepath t o

t n a n o s e r e h t s e g n a h c d n a t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h h t 3 1 e h t

o t d e v o m w o n s i y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r e h T . t n i o p y c n e u q e r f

s s e l m r a h d e r e d i s n o c s i h c i h w r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 8

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0 5 0 1

5 1

0 2

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F :Frequencyscanandi mpedancea sseenf romBus- 1 3

. g i F e c n e r e f e r

( ).

Effec to fthe seire sinducto ron the Bu svotlage and ti

c a p a c e h t n i n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u

c ivecricui tcanbeseeni n 5

. g i

F .Votlage spike can be observed a tthe instan tthe e v it c u rt s e d e b d l u o c s i h T . d e s i g r e n e s a w e c r u o s c i n o m r a h

s a h ti w d e g a n a m e b d l u o c t u

b urgearrestor .Comparedwtih s a h r o t c u d n i s e ir e s e h t , e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p e h t f o e s a c e h t

s i t I . e g n a r e l b a r e l o t o t t n e r r u c e h t d e c u d e r y lt n a c if i n g i s

s e ir e s e h t f o e s o p r u p y r a m ir p e h t t a h t e t o n o t t n a tr o p m i

c i n o m r a h e h t e c u d e r o t y ll a it n e s s e t o n s i t n a n o s e

r distoriton

e h t h ti w e t a n o s e r t o n s e o d r o ti c a p a c e h t t a h t e r u s n e o t t u b

[ ti u c ri c e h t f o e c n a d e p m

i 4 .]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

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Fig.5 :Bu svotlageandcurren tampilifcaiton

.

D Seriesr esonan tequaiton

The following relaiton can be used to determine u

q e r e c n a t c u d n

i rie to tune o rmove a cricui’t s natura l . y c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h c it s ir e t c a r a h c a m o r f y a w a y c n e u q e r f

e r e h W

c

X i sthe capaciitve impedance o fal lthe s u b y r a d n o c e s e h t o t d e t c e n n o c s r o ti c a p a c

d n a , r e m r o f s n a rt e h t f

o XList hei nducitve

a rt e h t f o e c n a d e p m

i nsforme.r

.I I

I CASESTUDY1: FIXEDCAPACITORBANKATSTATIONS

Thi scasei nvesitgatest hecause o ffrequentt irppingand t a k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e x if r a v k 0 0 4 x 2 a f o e r u li a f l a n o i s a c c o

n o it a t s b u

S - .S Fig.6 i san equivalen trepresentaiton o fthe s

b u s e h t f o k r o w t e

n taiton . The rtansformer s were r e z il a n o it c e s s u b V k 1 1 e h t s a d e t a r e p o y lt n e d n e p e d n i

y d u t s e h t h g u o h tl A . n e p o y ll a m r o n t p e k s a w ) r e k a e r b t i u c ri c (

o t , ) 2 & 1 s u B ( s u b V k 1 1 e h t f o s n o it c e s o w t d e r e d i s n o c

t r o p e r , y ti r a l c e r u s n e d n a s e r u d e c o r p f o n o it it e p e r d i o v

a o f

s u B o t d e ti m il s i s i s y l a n a e h

t - .1

) 1 (

t n a n o s e r s e ir e S

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.

A Circui tdata:

Thes ourcewasr epresenteda sTheveninequivalen twtihan a t a A V M 0 0 8 1 s i r e w o p t i u c ri c t r o h s e h T . 3 . 5 f o e u l a v R / X

0 1 e h T . e s a b s a V k 3 3 f o e g a tl o

v MVA , 33/11 kV

e m r o f s n a

rt ra tthe staiton wa srepresented wtih 9.9 % d n a W k 0 0 2 7 e r a n o it a t s e h t f o d a o l Q P . e c n a d e p m

i 4081

t n e l a v i u q e e h T . 7 8 . 0 f o r o t c a f r e w o p g n i g g a l a h ti w r a v k

. g i F n i n w o h s s i n o it a t s e h t f o k r o w t e

n 6 .

.

B Calculaitonofr esonantf requency:

Resonan tfrequencyo fthe networkwa scalculatedusing .)

1 ( n o it a u q e

R A V k Z

A V k h

r e m r o fs n a rt

u

Where

kVArtansforme r=10 ,000 ,Zrtansformer=9.9% ,kvar=1400 5

. 8 = h

Thi smeans t hesystemexhibti saresonan tfrequencyt ha t y

c n e u q e r f c it a m e l b o r p a o t e s o l c s

i o f9th_h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c_o_r_d_e_.r

The EMTP RV wa sused to confrim the calculated .

g i F . y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e

r 7 show s frequency scan and s

u B m o r f n e e s s a e c n a d e p m

i -1 .Thenetworkpresen tahigh c i n o m r a h h t 9 ( z H 0 5 4 f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r a t a e c n a d e p m i

i s i h c i h w ) r e d r

o n agreemen twtih the calculated natura l .

y c n e u q e r f

0 0 0

1 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

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F :Frequencys canandi mpedanceass eenf romBus-1

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C Simulaiton:

To determine harmonic resonan teffec ton the system h h t 9 f o A 4 3 f o e c r u o s t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h , e g a tl o

v armonic

f o t n e t n o c c i n o m r a h d e r u s a e m e h t m o r f n e k a t e u l a v ( r e d r o

s u B o t n i d e t c e j n i s a w ) n o it a t s e h

t -1 .A scanbeseeni nFig.8 , .

% 0 3 t u o b a s i e g a tl o v r e v o g n it l u s e r e h t

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Fig.8 :Harmoniceffec tonBus-1votlage

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(4)

The ilmi tonsteady- statevotlagei sgenerallyt akent obe e s ir o t d e w o ll a s i e g a tl o v e h t f I . e g a tl o v d e t a r e h t f o % 0 1 1

. t a e h r e v o d n a e t a r u t a s l li w s r e m r o f s n a rt , t n i o p s i h t e v o b a

8 1 d r a d n a t s E E E I o t g n i d r o c c

A -1992 and IEEE standard

6 3 0

1 -1992 ,capactio rbankshor t itme overvotlageo fabou t , t n i o p d n a t s s i h t m o r F . e t u n i m 1 o t d e ti m il e b d l u o h s % 0 3 1

h c u s f o c i n o m r a h h t 9 e h t f o e c n e t s i x e e h t t a h t e d u l c n o c e w

f o g n i p p ir t t n e t s i s r e p y h w s n i a l p x e m e t s y s e h t n i e d u ti n g a m

d e c n e ir e p x e s a w s r o ti c a p a c e h t

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0

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-0 0 5

0 0 1

0 5 1

0 0 2

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

ru

C

9 . g i

F :Curren tdrawnbyt hecapactior sunde rharmonic n

o it i d n o c t n a n o s e r

c i n o m r a h e h t r e d n u s r o ti c a p a c e h t y b n w a r d t n e r r u C

x e o s l a s a w n o it i d n o c t n a n o s e

r amined .A scanbes eeni nFig 9 ,peak curren to fabou t270%o fthe norma lcurren twa s

1 7 8 0 6 C E I y b s d r a d n a t s r o ti c a p a C . s r o ti c a p a c e h t y b n w a r d

o t e l b a e b d l u o h s s r o ti c a p a c t a h t e t a c i d n i 7 9 8 2 S A d n a

. t n e r r u c l a n i m o n s e m it 0 0 1 o t p u s t n e r r u c h s u r n i d n a t s h ti w

y d a e t s y c n e u q e r f h g i h d n a e g r a

L -state curren to fabou t .

s r o ti c a p a c e h t e g a m a d o t h g u o n e s i % 0 7 2

.

D Recommendeds oluiton :Case-1

Having invesitgated the possible cause o fthe frequen t r u o , k n a b r o ti c a p a c e h t f o e g a m a d e h t d n a g n i p p ir t

s A . m e l b o r p e h t o t n o it u l o s d n if o t s a w m i a y r a d n o c e s

e b n a c e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h h ti w m e l b o r p , r e il r a e d e s s u c s i d

g n it c e n n o c d n a g n it c e l e s y ll u f e s o p r u p y b d e v l o

s inductori n

c i n o m r a h t i m il p l e h o t k n a b r o ti c a p a c e h t h ti w s e ir e s

t A . n o it r o t s i d c i n o m r a h e c u d e r y lt n e u q e s n o c d n a s t n e r r u c

9 s ti b i h x e k r o w t e n e h t t a h t n w o n k s i ti , e g a t s s i h

t th_h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c

f o e c n a t c u d n i , m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s o T . y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r

o c s a w H 9 5 0 0 .

0 nnectedi nseire swtiht hecapactio rbankt o 9

e h t ll a n i a r

d th_h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c_c_u_r_r_e_n_t_.

Thes izeoft hei nducto rwa scalculatedasf ollows: , e s a c s i h t n I . o t ti u c ri c e h t e n u t o t y c n e u q e r f r e d i s n o c , t s ri F

9 o t k n a b r o ti c a p a c e h t g n i n u t e r a e

w th_h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c_o_r_d_e_.r

,) 2 ( n o it a u q e m o r F

h2 X

X c

L

and f

X

L L

S

2

, e r e h W

e b o t r o t c u d n i s e ir e s e h t f o s e ir n e h n i e c n a t c u d n i e h t s i L

) d e r e tl if e b o t y c n e u q e r f ( 9 = h , d e t a l u c l a c

, 4 1 g i F m o r

F

F µ 1 2 = c X

Therefore,L=0.00594H

g i F n i n e e s e b n a c s

A 10,t henetworknowpresent savery e h T . t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h h t 9 e h t o t h t a p e c n a d e p m i w o l

h t 8 o t d e v o m w o n s i k r o w t e n e h t f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r

m e l b o r p a d e r e d i s n o c s i h c i h w r e d r o c i n o m r a

h -free

. y c n e u q e r

f

0 0

5 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0

2 4 6 8 0 1

2 1

4 1

6 1

su

b

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0 1 . g i

F :Frequencys canandi mpedanceass eenf romBus-1

Effec toft heseiresi nducto ronBus-1votlagei sshowni n .

g i

F 11 .tIi scleart hatt he30%overvotlageeffec toccasioned g i F n i n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h l e ll a r a p e h t y

b . 8 ha s

o t c u d n i s e ir e s e h t y b d e v o m e r n e e

b r .

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1

-5 . 0

-0 5 . 0 1

) s m ( t

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Fig.11 :Bu svotlagea sar esul tofs eiresi nductor

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0

5 1

-0 0 1

-0 5

-0 0 5

0 0 1

) s m ( t

)

A( t

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2 1 . g i

F :Currenti nt hecapactio ra sar esul toft hes eire s r

o t c u d n i

Fig.1 2showst heeffec toft heseiresi nductori nrelaiton d e c u d n i c i n o m r a h e h T . s r o ti c a p a c e h t y b n w a r d t n e r r u c o t

peakcurren tampilifcaitoni snowr educedsigniifcanltyf rom 8 1 d r a d n a t s E E E I o t g n i d r o c c A . % 0 2 t u o b a o t % 0 7

2 -2002 ,

s u o u n it n o c % 5 3 1 e t a r e l o t o t e l b a e b d l u o h s s r o ti c a p a c t n u h s

n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c % 0 2 e h t , e c n e H . d a o lr e v o t n e r r u c

p a c e h t r o f e f a s e b d l u o h

(5)

. V

I CASESTUDY2: FIXEDANDSWITCHEDCAPACITORBANK T

A G N I H C T I W

S STATIONK

A tthi sstaiton a ifxed and an automaitcally swtiched k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s e h T . d e ll a t s n i e r a s k n a b r o ti c a p a c

o t s a w m i a e h T . d a o l e h t n o g n i d n e p e d f f o d n a n o s e h c ti w s

. n o it a s n e p m o c r e w o p e v it c a e r n i r o ti c a p a c d e x if e h t tr o p p u s

t n a t s n i n o s p ir t r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s e h t t a h t d e tr o p e r s a w t I

P T M E e h t , e s a c s i h t n I . d e s i g r e n e s a w t i e c n o e g a tl o v r e v o

r o ti c a p a c h c ti w s e h t f o n o it a z i g r e n e e t a l u m i s o t d e s u s i V R

e h t e n i m r e t e d o

t causeoft het irpping.

.

A Circui tdata:

Thesourcewa srepresenteda sThevenin equivalen twtih A V M 0 0 8 1 s i r e w o p t i u c ri c t r o h s e h T . 5 1 . 3 f o e u l a v R / X n a

V k 1 1 / 3 3 , A V M 0 2 e h T . e s a b s a V k 3 3 f o e g a tl o v d n a

% 0 1 h ti w d e t n e s e r p e r s a w n o it a t s e h t t a r e m r o f s n a rt

0 3 1 , 2 d n a W k 9 6 5 , 5 e r a n o it a t s e h t f o d a o l Q P . e c n a d e p m i

t n e l a v i u q e e h T . 3 9 . 0 f o r o t c a f r e w o p g n i g g a l a h ti w r a v k

o k r o w t e

n ft hes taitoni ss howni nFig.13.

1 2

0 3 +

1 _ O F A R T

1 1 / 3 3

+2_33kv W S

5 1 e 1 | 5 1 E 1 | 1

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v k 1 1 _ 4 W S

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+

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+

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m92

2 S U B

2 1 s

3 1 . g i

F :Equivalen tnetworkoft heStaitonK

.

B Simulaiton:

o t d e m r o f r e p s a w n a c s y c n e u q e r f , t s ri

F determine the

e h t t u o h ti w d n a h ti w n o it a t s e h t f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r

5 1 d n a 4 1 g i F . k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w

s showt hei mpedance

t s li h W . s o ir a n e c s o w t e h t t a k r o w t e n e h t f o y c n e u q e r f d n a

e h t , e m a s e h t e r e w s o ir a n e c s o w t e h t t a s e c n a d e p m i e h t

e u q e r f t n a n o s e

r ncie sweredfiferent .Ther esonantf requency t a s a w k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e x if e h t y l n o h ti w k r o w t e n e h t f o

y c n e u q e r f c it s ir e t c a r a h c a s i s i h T . r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1

d e x if e h t n e h w , y l e t a n u tr o F . n r e c n o c f o e c r u o s a s i h c i h w

u q e r f t n a n o s e r e h t , d e s o l c s a w r o ti c a p a

c encypoin tmovedt o

s s e l m r a h a d e r e d i s n o c s i h c i h w r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 0 1

k r o w t e n e h t e n i m a x e o t t n a tr o p m i r e v e w o h s a w t I . y c n e u q e r f

r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1 s a n o it i d n o c r o ti c a p a c d e x if e h t r e d n u

f o t n e t n o c c i n o m r a h d e r u s a e m e h t n i d n u o f o s l a s a w A 0 5 f o

t s b u s e h

t aiton .Consequenlty ,the exten to fvotlage and .

d e n i m a x e s a w n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c

0 0 0

2 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 0

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su

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F :I mpedance-11.2ohm,sf requency-749( only ifxed r

e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1 ) d e z i g r e n e

0 0 0

1 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 0

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5 1 . g i

F :I mpedance-11.2ohm,sf requency-513( ifxedand 0

1 ) n o h c ti w

s th_h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c_o_r_d_e_r

Harmoniccurren tsourceo f50A in15thharmonic orde r e h T . s u b V k 1 1 e h t m o r f k r o w t e n e h t o t n i d e t c e j n i s a w

1 t a d e s o l c s a w e c r u o s t n e r r u

c 00m .s A scanbeseeni nFig . 6

1 thevotlageampilifcaitonwa sabou t5%whichaccording 8

1 d r a d n a t s E E E I o

t - 02 02 i s tolerable . However , the 7

1 g i F n i n e e s s a , m e l b o r

p , wa s wtih the curren t

e h t s e m it 8 . 2 t u o b a f o n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u C . n o it a c if il p m a

h s u r n i n e v e s d e e c x e r a f s i h T . d e t o n s a w t n e r r u c l a n i m o n

l e v e l h c u S . 7 9 8 2 S A d n a 1 7 8 0 6 C E I y b d e w o ll a t i m il t n e r r u c

f

o curren tmayt irpo rdamaget hecapactio rbank.

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 5

. 1

-1

-5 . 0

-0 5 . 0 1

) s m ( t

)ti

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. g i

(6)

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 1

-0 0 1

-0 5

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0 0 1

0 5 1

) s m ( t

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A( t

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. g i

F 17 :Only ifxedcapon i(njectedharmoniccurrent-50A)

.

C Effec tofs wtichingt heautomaitcallys wtiched- :

k n a b r o ti c a p a c

To examine the effec to fthe swtiched-capactior ,the d

e h c ti w

s -capactio rwa senergizeda t100m soft hes imulaiton 8

1 g i F n i n e e s e b n a c s A . e m

it ,effec tont hebu svotlagewa s s i h T . A 0 0 5 1 r e v o s a w t n e r r u c h s u r n i e h t ,r e v e w o H . l a n i g r a m

d e h c ti w s e h t y h w s n i a l p x

e - capactio r rtip sinstanlty each t a h t d e t c e p x e s i ti , s i s y l a n a e h t m o r F . d e s i g r e n e s a w t i e m it

r e v o n o e b d l u o h s g n i p p ir t e h

t -curren t and no t on

d e t a l e r e g a tl o v r e v o e h t t a h t n o i c i p s u s r u o s i tI . e g a tl o v r e v o

y a l e r e g a tl o v r e v o e h t h ti w m e l b o r p o t e u d e b t h g i m g n i p p ir t

t e s itngs

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1

-5 . 0

-0 5 . 0

) s m ( t

)ti

nu

re

P(

eg

atl

o

V

s u b v k 1 1 t a e g a tl o V

0

2 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0

0 0 5

-0 0 0 0 5

0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 5 1

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

ru

C

r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s e h t n i t n e rr u C

. g i

F 18 :Votlageandcurren tduirngenergizaitonofs wtiched -k

n a b r o ti c a p a c

d e x if e h t e r e h w n o it a u ti s l a c it e h t o p y h a d e n i m a x e e W

e h t g n i v a e l r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1 o t d e n u t n e e b s a h r o ti c a p a c

d e h c ti w

s -capactio runtuned. Ther esutli sshowni nFig.19 . s a w e g a tl o v V k 1 1 e h t n o e c n a b r u t s i d t n e i s n a rt e h t , n i a g A

e h t h g u o h t n e v e , t n e r r u c e h t o t n o it a l e r n I . e l b a r e l o t

y r e v s a w e s a c e v o b a e h t h ti w d e r a p m o c n o it c u d e r

e h t d n a d e x if e h t h t o b n i n o it a c if il p m a e h t , t n a c if i n g i s

0 4 t u o b a s i s k n a b r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w

s 0% .Thi sleve lo f

.s d r a d n a t s y b e l b a t p e c c a n u s i n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c

.

D Recommendeds oluiton :Case2

From the above analysis ,i ti sclea rtha tin orde rto d e h c ti w s e h t d n a d e x if e h t h t o b , m e l b o r p e h t s s e r d d

a

-c a p a c d e x if e h T . d e n u t e b o t d e e n r o ti c a p a

c tio rbank wa s

y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r e h t e s u a c e b r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1 o t d e n u t

e h t o t n o it a l e r n I . y c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h s i h t t a s r u c c o

d e h c ti w

s -capactio rbank ,event houghi tpushest her esonan t

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1

-0 1 2

) s m ( t

)ti

nu

re

P(

eg

atl

o

V

s u b v k 1 1 e h t t a e g a tl o V

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0

0 5

-0 0 0 5

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

ru

C

r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s n i t n e rr u C

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0

0 4

-0 0 2

-0 0 0 2

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

ru

C

r o ti c a p a c d e x if n i t n e rr u C

. g i

F 19 :Bu svotlageandcurrenti n ifxedands wtiched b

r o ti c a p a

c anks( wtihonly ifxedcapactiort unedt o15th .r

e d r o c i n o m r a h

t a h t d e s i n g o c e r s a w t i , r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 0 1 o t y c n e u q e r f

h t 9 r a e n e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p e c u d o r p y a m r e tl if c i n o m r a h h t 0 1

c i n o m r a

h .Thebes tpreventaitveapproachrecommendedby i

s e l c it r a h c r a e s e

r st ot uneo rselec ta iftlert ha tensurest ha t f o y n a w o l e b d e v o m s i t n i o p y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a n m e t s y s e h t

n o it r o t s i d c i n o m r a h t n e r r u c t n a c if i n g i s e r e h w s e i c n e u q e r f e h t

d e h c ti w s e h t , y l g n i d r o c c A . s r u c c

o -capactio rwa stuned to

s a s i s i h T . r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 7 .

4 tandard iftle rtha talso , h t 1 1 , h t 7 s a h c u s s e i c n e u q e r f r e h g i h t a g n ir e tl if s e d i v o r p

o s e i c n e u q e r f d e n u t d n a e c n a d e p m I . c t e h t 3

1 ft henetworki s

0 2 . g i F n i n w o h

s .

0 0

2 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

1 1

su

b

vk

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0 2 . g i

F :I mpedanceandf requencygraphoft het uned s

u B e h t m o r f n e e s s a k r o w t e n o e z i s e h

T ft heseiresi nductor sa scalculatedf ort het uned H 4 1 2 0 0 . 0 d n a H 2 2 0 . 0 e r a r e d r o c i n o m r a h h t 5 1 e h t d n a h t 7 . 4

s u b e h t h t o b n o s r o t c u d n i e s e h t f o t c e f f E . y l e v it c e p s e r

e r a s k n a b r o ti c a p a c e h t y b n w a r d t n e r r u c e h t d n a e g a tl o v

n w o h

s in Fig.20 .A scan be seen , the inrush current , d

e h c ti w s e h t n i y ll a i c e p s

e -capactio rha sbeen ilmtied to s i h T . r o ti c a p a c e h t f o t n e r r u c l a n i m o n e h t f o % 0 9 t u o b a

(7)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2

-0 2

) s m ( t

)ti

nu

re

P(

eg

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o

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s u b v k 1 1 t a e g a tl o V

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0

0 5

-0 0 0 5

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

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C

r o ti c a p a c -d e c ti w s n i t n e rr u C

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0

0 1

-0 0 0 1

) s m ( t

)

A( t

ner

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C

r o ti c a p a c d e h c ti w s n i t n e rr u C

: 0 2 . g i

F Effec toft hesei nductor sonbotht hebu svotlage n

a dt hecurren tdrawnbyt hecapactio rbanks

.

V CONCLUSION

Appilcaiton o fcapactio rbank to an electirc powe r r o t c a f r e w o p g n i d u l c n i ,t if e n e b n w o n k l l e w s e d i v o r p m e t s y s

m u m i x a m e l b a n e o t y ti c a p a c p u g n i e e r f d n a n o it c e r r o c

r o j a m a , r e v e w o H . r e f s n a rt r e w o

p concernairsingfromt he m e t s y s f o y ti li b i s s o p e h t s i m e t s y s r e w o p n i s r o ti c a p a c f o e s u

g n i p p ir t k n a b r o ti c a p a c t n e u q e r f , r e p a p s i h t n I . e c n a n o s e r

n e e b e v a h s n o it a t s b u s n o it u b ir t s i d G C E o w t n i s e r u li a f d n a

s u n o it a l u m i s n o d e s a b s a w y d u t s e h T . d e t a g it s e v n

i ingthe

o t d e t a l e r e b o t d n u o f e r e w s e r u li a f e h T . V R P T M E

c i n o m r a h , m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s o T . e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h

t n a n o s e r e h t d n a d e r u s a e m e r e w s n o it a t s b u s e h t f o t n e t n o c

e h t w o l e b d e c r o f k r o w t e n e h t f o t n i o p y c n e u q e r f

. s e i c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h c it s ir e t c a r a h c

REFERENCE

.] 1

[ Thoma sM .Blooming ,P.E ,2005 :Capactio rFaliureAnalysis :A h t 5 : d e s s e c c a e t a d , e c r u o s e n il n O . y d u t S e s a C g n it o o h s e l b u o r T

t a e

l b a li a v A .

3 1 0 2 ,

y r a u n a J

. g r o . m e c o s a . w w

w pe/bivi/sa/dtii/cem/05_04-2005.pdf

.] 2

[ RonaldH .Simpson ,2005 :Misappilcaitono fPowe rCapactior s s

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