EVALUATING the Self-Employed Borrower

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tax year

EVALUATING the

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OUR

ONLINE PROGRAM MAKES

ANALYZING THE SELF-EMPLOYED

BORROWER

FASTER AND EASIER.

AVAILABLE NOW

FOR TAX YEAR 2014!

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GO TO WWW.MGIC.COM AND CLICK ON

SELF-EMPLOYED BORROWER TOOLS

ON THE

HOME PAGE.

You can analyze the cash flow of a self-employed borrower using one of the worksheets available as an editable PDF within MGIC’s Loan Center. Whether you use the Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) method or the Schedule Analysis Method (SAM), all you have to do is:

1. Log in to the Loan Center on the mgic.com home page

2. Click on the Resources Tab

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INTRODUCTION

iv

f WHY USE TAX RETURNS? iv

f BASIC CONCEPTS iv

f 1040 AND SUPPORTING SCHEDULES AND FORMS vii

MODULE 1: ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AND SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD

1-1

f FORM 1040: U.S. Individual Income Tax Return 1-3

f SCHEDULE A: Itemized Deductions 1-17

f FORM 2106: Employee Business Expenses 1-19

f SCHEDULE B: Interest and Ordinary Dividends 1-23

f SCHEDULE C: Profit or Loss From Business 1-25

f FORM 4562: Depreciation and Amortization 1-31

f SCHEDULE D: Capital Gains and Losses 1-33

f FORM 8949: Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets 1-37

f FORM 6252: Installment Sale Income 1-41

f SCHEDULE E: Supplemental Income and Loss 1-43

f FORM 8582: Passive Activity Loss Limitations 1-49

f SCHEDULE F: Profit or Loss From Farming 1-51

f FORM 4506: Request for Copy of Tax Return 1-53

f FORM 4506-T: Request for Transcript of Tax Return 1-55

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MODULE 2: BUSINESS RETURNS

2-1

f SCHEDULE K-1 ( FORM 1065): Partner’s Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., from Partnership Schedule 2-3 f FORM 8825: Rental Real Estate Income and Expenses of a Partnership or an S Corporation 2-7

f FORM 1065: U.S. Return of Partnership Income 2-9

f SCHEDULE K-1 ( FORM 1120S): Shareholder’s Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., from S Corporation 2-17

f FORM 1120S: U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation 2-21

f FORM 1120: U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return 2-29

f FORM 1125-E: Compensation of Officers 2-39

MODULE 3: ANALYZING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3-1

f Year-to-Date Profit and Loss Statement 3-3

f Balance Sheet 3-5

f Income Statement 3-9

MODULE 4: RESOURCES

4-1

f Documentation Checklist 4-3

f Tax Return Red Flag Review 4-4

f Glossary of Terms and Definitions 4-6

MODULE 5: CASH FLOW WORKSHEETS

5-1

f MGIC’s Forms 5-4

f Fannie Mae Cash Flow Analysis 5-12

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INTRODUCTION

WHY USE TAX RETURNS?

You can get a good snapshot of a typical borrower’s income from a W-2 form, a paystub or a Verification of Employment document.

But a self-employed borrower is not typical. There is no “independent third-party” to verify employment and income. The most credible sources to verify income are the tax returns that have been submitted to the Internal Revenue Service.

Unfortunately, tax returns are not designed to provide a clear picture of cash flow. Instead, tax returns report taxable income and deductible expenses. But with careful analysis of the tax returns, you can determine the self-employed borrower’s cash flow and whether he or she is an acceptable risk.

BASIC CONCEPTS

To analyze cash flow, tax statements are a starting point. Income is increased by the noncash expenses and

decreased by any real losses or expenses that were not

included in the taxable income.

As you can see, before you can dive into analysis, it’s important to know what is considered INCOME, EXPENSE or LOSS. Once you understand these basic concepts, you will have a good foundation for conducting a meaningful analysis.

There are three key income/expense components that appear throughout the cash flow analysis:

f Noncash expenses

f Recurring vs. nonrecurring income or loss f Losses and expenses limited by the IRS

INTRODUCTION

Analytical skills and sound judgment are certainly necessary when evaluating self-employed borrowers. Determining whether they can and will repay a loan is difficult – because obtaining an estimate of their earnings from tax returns can be confusing.

The primary problem is that for self-employed borrowers, their accountants are experts at reducing tax liabilities by minimizing current net income, while we as underwriters rely on that same net income as a gauge of their earnings. The tax return reveals the borrower’s taxable income. But what you are really looking for is the borrower’s CASH FLOW. Cash flow is what is used to pay back the loan!

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RISK FACTORS

Some factors to consider when evaluating a self-employed borrower include:

f Is the local industry structure stable,

diversified and competitive? In other words, how healthy is this business?

f Is there evidence of sufficient cash reserves to meet personal and business obligations? A poor personal credit history could indicate a cash flow problem in the business and prevent the business owner from obtaining financing for additional capital if needed.

f What is the marketability of the property that is securing the mortgage loan? If the business fails, this property becomes the source for repaying the loan.

INTRODUCTION

f

NONCASH EXPENSES

There are generally three types of noncash expenses: depreciation, depletion and amortization. They are deducted from the business’ earnings just like cash expenses such as rent, supplies and wages. These write-offs are a way for the business to spread out the cost of a long-term asset over its useful life. Because these items do not involve a payment to anyone, they can be added to the borrower’s cash flow.

eDEPRECIATION is a means of recognizing the loss in value of a tangible asset. These assets (buildings, equipment, machinery, autos, etc.) wear out over time and, therefore, lose value. Although there is no cash outlay, the “cost” of this wear and tear is treated as an expense which artificially lowers the business’ current income. All depreciation can be added to cash flow.

eDEPLETION recognizes the exhaustion of a natural resource such as oil or mineral reserves, timberlands, etc. As these resources are used, they lose value. The “cost” of this loss in value is treated as an expense against the business’ income. Since no cash has been paid out, this expense may be added to cash flow.

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INTRODUCTION

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RECURRING VERSUS NONRECURRING

INCOME OR LOSS

A recurring income or expense item is one that can be expected to continue over time. Generally, the income should be expected to continue over the next three to five years before it can be considered for cash flow. The more the borrowers have to rely on that income to repay the mortgage, the more important it is for that income to continue long into the future.

Examples of RECURRING INCOME are the earnings from the operation of a business, interest from long-term investments or even lottery winnings paid out over a number of years. On the other hand, income from the one-time sale of an asset, or a prize or other windfall, is considered a one-time event or nonrecurring. Examples of RECURRING EXPENSES are wages, insurance, car and truck expenses, etc. These are expenses associated with the day-to-day operation of a business and reduce its net income. From time to time, an extraordinary expense occurs. If it can be shown that the expense is a true one-time occurrence, the underwriter may add the amount of the expense back to cash flow.

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LOSSES AND EXPENSES LIMITED BY THE IRS

In certain situations, the IRS has limited the amount of loss or expense that a taxpayer can declare. When this happens, the individual reports a taxable income that is higher than what was actually received. A negative adjustment to income will reflect the lower cash flow. There are two situations where this would typically occur: ePASSIVE ACTIVITY

The Tax Act of 1986 introduced the passive activity rules to limit tax shelters where investors in limited partnerships and real estate intended to show a “paper” loss. If an owner of a business or real property does not materially participate in its day-to-day management, the endeavor is subject to “passive activity limitations.” In such situations, if there is a loss, the owner may not be able to declare all or part of that loss for tax purposes. The result will be taxable income higher than actual cash flow. eMEALS, TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINMENT

EXCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION

PERSONAL INCOME

eFORM 1040 — U.S. Individual Income Tax Return eSCHEDULE A — Itemized Deductions

eFORM 2106 — Employee Business Expenses eSCHEDULE B — Interest and Ordinary Dividends eSCHEDULE C — Profit or Loss From Business eFORM 4562 — Depreciation and Amortization eSCHEDULE D — Capital Gains and Losses eFORM 8949 — Sales and Other Dispositions of

Capital Assets

eFORM 6252 — Installment Sale Income eSCHEDULE E — Supplemental Income and Loss eFORM 8582 — Passive Activity Loss Limitations eSCHEDULE F — Profit or Loss From Farming eFORM 8825 — Rental Real Estate Income and

Expenses of a Partnership or an S Corporation eSCHEDULE K‑1 (FORM 1065) — Partner’s

Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., from Partnership Schedule

eSCHEDULE K‑1 (FORM 1120S) — Shareholder’s Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., from S Corporation

BUSINESS INCOME

eFORM 1065 — U.S. Return of Partnership Income eFORM 1120S — U.S. Income Tax Return for an

S Corporation

eFORM 1120 — U.S. Corporation Income Tax Returns

1040 AND SUPPORTING

SCHEDULES & FORMS

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MODULE 1

ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AND

SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD

To determine the cash flow for a borrower, there are two common ways to get there: the Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and the Schedule Analysis Method (SAM). The method you use may depend on investor requirements, company policy or personal preference. Either way results in the same cash flow for the borrower.

Both methods have you start with Form 1040, the U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.

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ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME (AGI)

As you can probably tell by the name, you start with the Total Income amount that appears on Line 22. The total income that appears here includes income and loss from supporting schedules. As you analyze the tax return, you will add or subtract from this total income, depending on the types of revenue and expenses you find.

eHOW TO USE THIS GUIDE to estimate cash flow

with the AGI Method: Start on page 1-3 and follow

the words in BLUE that appear under the EFFECT ON

CASH FLOW ANALYSIS subhead.

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SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD (SAM)

With this method, you start with the amount that appears on Line 7: Wages, Salaries, Tips, etc. As you analyze the tax return, you will also review separate tax schedules filed by the borrower, such as Schedule A, Itemized Deductions or Schedule C, Profit or Loss from Business. Because the income or loss is listed separately on each schedule, you can clearly evaluate the level and stability of the different sources of income. Consequently, you will add income or subtract losses/expenses from the amount on Line 7.

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Fo

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1040

Department of the Treasury—Internal Revenue Service (99)

U.S. Individual Income Tax Return

2014

OMB No. 1545-0074 IRS Use Only—Do not write or staple in this space.

For the year Jan. 1–Dec. 31, 2014, or other tax year beginning , 2014, ending , 20 See separate instructions. Your first name and initial Last name Your social security number If a joint return, spouse’s first name and initial Last name Spouse’s social security number

c Make sure the SSN(s) above and on line 6c are correct. Home address (number and street). If you have a P.O. box, see instructions. Apt. no.

City, town or post office, state, and ZIP code. If you have a foreign address, also complete spaces below (see instructions).

Foreign country name Foreign province/state/county Foreign postal code

Presidential Election Campaign Check here if you, or your spouse if filing jointly, want $3 to go to this fund. Checking a box below will not change your tax or refund. You Spouse Filing Status

Check only one box.

1 Single

2 Married filing jointly (even if only one had income) 3 Married filing separately. Enter spouse’s SSN above

and full name here. a

4 Head of household (with qualifying person). (See instructions.) If the qualifying person is a child but not your dependent, enter this child’s name here. a

5 Qualifying widow(er) with dependent child

Exemptions 6a Yourself. If someone can claim you as a dependent, do not check box 6a . . . . .

b Spouse . . . .

}

c Dependents:

(1) First name Last name

(2) Dependent’s social security number

(3) Dependent’s relationship to you

(4) if child under age 17 qualifying for child tax credit

(see instructions) If more than four

dependents, see instructions and check here a

d Total number of exemptions claimed . . . . .

Boxes checked on 6a and 6b No. of children on 6c who: • lived with you • did not live with you due to divorce or separation (see instructions) Dependents on 6c not entered above

Add numbers on lines above a Income Attach Form(s) W-2 here. Also attach Forms W-2G and 1099-R if tax was withheld.

If you did not get a W-2, see instructions.

7 Wages, salaries, tips, etc. Attach Form(s) W-2 . . . 7 8a Taxable interest. Attach Schedule B if required . . . . 8a

b Tax-exempt interest. Do not include on line 8a . . . 8b

9 a Ordinary dividends. Attach Schedule B if required . . . 9a b Qualified dividends . . . . 9b

10 Taxable refunds, credits, or offsets of state and local income taxes . . . 10 11 Alimony received . . . 11 12 Business income or (loss). Attach Schedule C or C-EZ . . . 12 13 Capital gain or (loss). Attach Schedule D if required. If not required, check here a ₁₃ 14 Other gains or (losses). Attach Form 4797 . . . 14 15 a IRA distributions . 15a b Taxable amount . . . 15b 16 a Pensions and annuities 16a b Taxable amount . . . 16b 17 Rental real estate, royalties, partnerships, S corporations, trusts, etc. Attach Schedule E 17 18 Farm income or (loss). Attach Schedule F . . . 18 19 Unemployment compensation . . . 19 20 a Social security benefits 20a b Taxable amount . . . 20b

21 Other income. List type and amount 21

22 Combine the amounts in the far right column for lines 7 through 21. This is your total income a ₂₂

Adjusted Gross Income

23 Educator expenses . . . 23 24 Certain business expenses of reservists, performing artists, and

fee-basis government officials. Attach Form 2106 or 2106-EZ 24 25 Health savings account deduction. Attach Form 8889 . 25 26 Moving expenses. Attach Form 3903 . . . 26 27 Deductible part of self-employment tax. Attach Schedule SE . 27 28 Self-employed SEP, SIMPLE, and qualified plans . . 28 29 Self-employed health insurance deduction . . . . 29 30 Penalty on early withdrawal of savings . . . 30 31 a Alimony paid b Recipient’s SSN a _31a 32 IRA deduction . . . 32 33 Student loan interest deduction . . . 33 34 Tuition and fees. Attach Form 8917 . . . 34 35 Domestic production activities deduction. Attach Form 8903 35

36 Add lines 23 through 35 . . . 36 37 Subtract line 36 from line 22. This is your adjusted gross income . . . . . a ₃₇

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FORM 1040

MODIFIED AGI METHOD

Our analysis of the self-employed borrower begins on page 1 of the 1040 form, line 22, Total Income.

Total Income is the borrower’s gross income before adjustments. We begin here and proceed to add back any noncash expenditures in order to determine income that will be consistent and stable. Additionally, we must adjust for any expenses or losses not recognized by the IRS.

EFFECT ON CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

eAGI - Enter the borrower’s total income from line 22

of the 1040 form.

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LINE 7: WAGES, SALARIES, TIPS, ETC.

The basic types of income that will be included in this line item are:

f Salary and Hourly Compensation f Commission and Bonus Income EFFECT ON CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

eAGI - Deduct any non-self-employed wages from cash

flow. Use VOEs or Alternate Documentation to verify a non-self-employed borrower’s current income.

Commission and bonus employees live on variable income. This variable income represents a greater than normal risk because it is typically used and counted on for day-to-day living expenses.

If the borrower is commissioned or receives significant bonuses, be sure to check Form 2106 (Employee Business Expenses) to see if the borrower has unreimbursed business-related expenses.

Take a close look at reported salary income. Who is paying the salary? Is it from the borrower’s own company where the borrower is an officer or partner in the company? If the borrower is the sole owner of a company, the ability to manipulate the amount of salary and dividend income received increases.

Cross-reference the amount reported on line 7 against the amount indicated on the borrower’s W-2 and VOEs.

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LINE 8A: TAXABLE INTEREST INCOME

The 1040 indicates both taxable and nontaxable income. If an amount is reported on this line, it means the borrower received interest income during the year from a seller-financed loan, a savings account, a certificate of deposit (CD) or a money market account.

eAGI - You will make any adjustments using Schedule

B. Refer to page 1-23.

If Schedule B is NOT in the file, then make the adjustment using line 8a.

FORM 1040: U.S. INDIVIDUAL

INCOME TAX RETURN

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Fo

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1040

2014

Check only one box.

1 Single

b Spouse . . . .

}

c Dependents:

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FORM 1040

A pattern of high interest income may be an indication of

the money management ability of the borrower. Cross-reference the VODs (Verifications of Deposit) in the loan file against the tax returns to double-check corresponding depository accounts.

Consider the continuance of interest income. What is the probability that the funds will remain in the account? Is this a long-term CD that will soon roll over at a significantly lower rate? If the answer to these or similar questions is negative, this income should not be used for qualification purposes. Reserves and/or unused interest income can be considered as an offsetting factor.

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LINE 8B: TAX-EXEMPT INTEREST INCOME

Tax exempt interest is generally received on investments in state and municipal bonds. The source of this income must be documented if it is used to qualify the borrower.

eAGI - Add tax-exempt interest income received

to the borrower’s cash flow if it is verified as recurring income.

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LINE 9A: ORDINARY DIVIDENDS

Ordinary dividends listed on the 1040 are usually from stock and mutual funds. These dividends may be used as qualifying income if they are verified as recurring.

B. Refer to page 1-23.

If Schedule B is NOT in the file, then make the adjustment using LINE 9a.

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LINE 9B: QUALIFIED DIVIDENDS

The amount listed on Line 9b is already included in Line 9a. It is separated out because it is subject to a different tax rate.

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LINE 10: TAXABLE REFUNDS OF STATE AND

LOCAL TAXES

The amount listed on this line is the result of a state or local tax refund. A refund cannot be used to qualify the borrower, since it is income which has previously been accounted for in the prior year’s gross income.

eAGI - Subtract any refunds received from the

borrower’s cash flow.

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LINE 11: ALIMONY RECEIVED

The amount of money that a borrower receives as alimony can be used as qualifying income if it meets the following conditions:

f The receipt of the income has been documented as

stable for at least 12 months,

f The payments will be ongoing for a minimum of three

years, and

f The payments are made as a result of a divorce decree or signed, written agreement that is a legal obligation based upon marriage.

eAGI - Subtract any alimony received that does not

meet these criteria from the borrower’s cash flow.

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LINE 12: BUSINESS INCOME OR (LOSS)

Income or loss experienced by a sole proprietorship will be reported on this line. Schedule C must be completed to support this income/(loss).

C. Refer to page 1-25.

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LINES 13 AND 14: CAPITAL GAIN OR (LOSS)

The borrower must report any profit or loss experienced from the sale of stocks, bonds, mutual fund distributions and sale of business properties.

The borrower must demonstrate a recurring history of capital gains income in order to use the income for qualification purposes.

eAGI - For the amounts on lines 13 and 14, subtract

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Fo

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1040

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Check only one box.

1 Single

b Spouse . . . .

}

c Dependents:

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FORM 1040

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LINES 15A AND 16A: TOTAL IRA DISTRIBUTIONS,

PENSIONS AND ANNUITIES

Distributions from these “retirement” plans may or may not be taxable.

In general, interest and income earned from investments in a plan are compiled tax-free. Therefore, it is taxable upon distribution.

Supporting documentation should be obtained (pension agreement or verification) to determine the consistent receipt of this income.

eAGI - Add any ongoing nontaxable IRA distributions,

pensions or annuities to the borrower’s cash flow (line 15a minus 15b and/or 16a minus 16b). Subtract the taxable distribution from the borrower’s cash flow if it is not recurring (lines 15b and 16b). Make sure to check investor guidelines to determine if grossing up of nontaxable income is allowable and the appropriate percentage to apply. In general, the industry standard is 25%. The amount grossed up may be added, to the appropriate column in Line 12 - Other: Adjustments to Income, on the cash flow form.

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LINE 17: RENTAL REAL ESTATE, ROYALTIES,

PARTNERSHIPS, S CORPORATIONS,

TRUSTS, ETC.

The figure listed on this line is income or loss from a rental property, a royalty distribution, a partnership, an S corporation or a trust. Schedule E and potentially Schedule K-1 (1065 and 1120S) must be reviewed to determine cash flow for the borrower.

eAGI - Negate the amount listed on line 17. Subtract

the income reported or add the reported loss to the borrower’s cash flow.

Following this approach allows you to analyze each component of this number on its own. You will avoid complications which may arise if nondeductible losses occur.

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LINE 18: FARM INCOME OR (LOSS)

Any income/(loss) that the borrower earned (or lost) as a result of operating a farm during the year would be entered on this line. Schedule F must be completed to support this income/(loss).

eAGI - You will make any adjustments using

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LINE 19: UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION

Unemployment compensation payments received by a borrower may be a one-time occurrence or the result of a seasonal pattern of layoffs. Several years of tax returns must be reviewed to determine the consistency of the income.

eAGI - Nonrecurring unemployment compensation

payments should be subtracted from the borrower’s cash flow.

If it is typical for the borrower to be laid off seasonally (cement mason, construction workers, etc.), do not subtract the reported amount from the borrower’s cash flow.

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LINES 20A AND B: SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS

Certain portions of income received as Social Security benefits are not taxable. The borrower can be given credit for the income if the receipt of the benefits will be ongoing and consistent.

eAGI - Add any ongoing nontaxable Social Security

benefits to the borrower’s cash flow (20a minus 20b). Deduct any nonrecurring taxable benefits (line 20b) from the borrower’s cash flow.

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Fo

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1040

2014

Check only one box.

1 Single

b Spouse . . . .

}

c Dependents:

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FORM 1040

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LINE 21: OTHER INCOME

This line item refers to income received from

miscellaneous sources such as: prizes, lotteries, gambling winnings, jury duty fees, speaking

fees, etc.

eAGI - Subtract “other income” from the borrower’s

cash flow unless documentation can be obtained to verify that the receipt of the income will be consistent and ongoing.

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OTHER ADJUSTMENTS TO INCOME

This line may be used to add back income that you have determined is nontaxable. Some forms of nontaxable income may be grossed up 25%. Check your investor’s income requirements before using nontaxable income. Make sure the income used on this line is verifiable and will be ongoing and consistent.

eAGI - Add any ongoing nontaxable income to the

borrower’s cash flow.

For deferred compensation such as a 401(k), use the W-2 and add back the amount in Box 12, Code D.

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LINES 23-35: ADJUSTMENTS TO INCOME

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Form 1040 (2014) Page 2

Tax and Credits

38 Amount from line 37 (adjusted gross income) . . . 38 39a Check

if:

{

You were born before January 2, 1950, Blind. Spouse was born before January 2, 1950, Blind.

}

Total boxes checked a_39a b If your spouse itemizes on a separate return or you were a dual-status alien, check here a 39b Standard Deduction for— • People who check any box on line 39a or 39b or who can be claimed as a dependent, see instructions. • All others: Single or Married filing separately, $6,200 Married filing jointly or Qualifying widow(er), $12,400 Head of household, $9,100

40 Itemized deductions (from Schedule A) or your standard deduction (see left margin) . . 40 41 Subtract line 40 from line 38 . . . 41 42 Exemptions. If line 38 is $152,525 or less, multiply $3,950 by the number on line 6d. Otherwise, see instructions 42 43 Taxable income. Subtract line 42 from line 41. If line 42 is more than line 41, enter -0- . . 43 44 Tax (see instructions). Check if any from: a Form(s) 8814 b Form 4972 c 44 45 Alternative minimum tax (see instructions). Attach Form 6251 . . . . 45 46 Excess advance premium tax credit repayment. Attach Form 8962 . . . 46 47 Add lines 44, 45, and 46 . . . a ₄₇ 48 Foreign tax credit. Attach Form 1116 if required . . . . 48

49 Credit for child and dependent care expenses. Attach Form 2441 49 50 Education credits from Form 8863, line 19 . . . 50 51 Retirement savings contributions credit. Attach Form 8880 51 52 Child tax credit. Attach Schedule 8812, if required . . . 52 53 Residential energy credits. Attach Form 5695 . . . . 53 54 Other credits from Form: a 3800 b 8801 c 54

55 Add lines 48 through 54. These are your total credits . . . . 55 56 Subtract line 55 from line 47. If line 55 is more than line 47, enter -0- . . . a ₅₆

Other Taxes

57 Self-employment tax. Attach Schedule SE . . . 57 58 Unreported social security and Medicare tax from Form: a 4137 b 8919 . . 58 59 Additional tax on IRAs, other qualified retirement plans, etc. Attach Form 5329 if required . . 59 60 a Household employment taxes from Schedule H . . . 60a

b First-time homebuyer credit repayment. Attach Form 5405 if required . . . . 60b 61 Health care: individual responsibility (see instructions) Full-year coverage . . . 61 62 Taxes from: a Form 8959 b Form 8960 c Instructions; enter code(s) 62 63 Add lines 56 through 62. This is your total tax . . . . a ₆₃ Payments 64 Federal income tax withheld from Forms W-2 and 1099 . . 64

65 2014 estimated tax payments and amount applied from 2013 return 65 If you have a

qualifying child, attach Schedule EIC.

66a Earned income credit (EIC) . . . . 66a b Nontaxable combat pay election 66b

67 Additional child tax credit. Attach Schedule 8812 . . . . . 67 68 American opportunity credit from Form 8863, line 8 . . . 68 69 Net premium tax credit. Attach Form 8962 . . . 69 70 Amount paid with request for extension to file . . . 70 71 Excess social security and tier 1 RRTA tax withheld . . . . 71 72 Credit for federal tax on fuels. Attach Form 4136 . . . . 72 73 Credits from Form: a 2439b Reservedc Reservedd 73

74 Add lines 64, 65, 66a, and 67 through 73. These are your total payments . . . . . a ₇₄ Refund

Direct deposit? See instructions.

75 If line 74 is more than line 63, subtract line 63 from line 74. This is the amount you overpaid 75 76a Amount of line 75 you want refunded to you. If Form 8888 is attached, check here . a _76a a

a

b Routing number a c Type: Checking Savings d Account number

77 Amount of line 75 you want applied to your 2015 estimated tax a ₇₇ Amount

You Owe 78 Amount you owe. Subtract line 74 from line 63. For details on how to pay, see instructions

a ₇₈

79 Estimated tax penalty (see instructions) . . . 79

Third Party Designee

Do you want to allow another person to discuss this return with the IRS (see instructions)? Yes. Complete below. No Designee’s name a Phone no. a Personal identification number (PIN) a Sign Here

Joint return? See instructions. Keep a copy for your records.

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return and accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, they are true, correct, and complete. Declaration of preparer (other than taxpayer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge.

Your signature Date Your occupation Daytime phone number Spouse’s signature. If a joint return, both must sign. Date

F

Spouse’s occupation If the IRS sent you an Identity Protection PIN, enter it

here (see inst.)

Paid Preparer Use Only

Print/Type preparer’s name Preparer’s signature Date

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FORM 1040

FORM 1040: U.S. INDIVIDUAL

INCOME TAX RETURN (PAGE 2)

The borrower’s cash flow is based on gross income versus net income. Page 2 of the 1040 determines the net income of the borrower.

NOTE: If LINE 40 indicates that the standard deduction was taken, then Schedule A – Itemized Deductions will not be included with the tax return.

eAGI - There are no line items listed on this page that should be added back to the borrower’s cash flow.

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Fo

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Check only one box.

1 Single

b Spouse . . . .

}

c Dependents:

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FORM 1040

SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD (SAM)

f

W-2, BOX 5: SELF-EMPLOYED WAGES,

SALARIES, TIPS, ETC.

When income represents money paid to the borrower in the form of salary or wages from self-employment, it will be included on the cash flow form.

Do not add the wages from non-self-employed borrowers to the cash flow form. Instead, use VOEs or Alternate Documentation to verify their current income.

eSAM - Add self-employed wages from W-2, box 5 to the borrower’s cash flow.

NOTE: If wage is variable (i.e., commission income), evaluate income to determine income average and stability similar to self-employed wages.

Page 1 of the 1040 will identify other items that you may use to qualify the borrower. The borrower can be given credit for the income if it will be ongoing and consistent. Some of the items are nontaxable as noted below and nontaxable income has the potential to be grossed up, assuming it’s allowable per investor guidelines. Generally, the maximum percentage used to gross up nontaxable income is 25%. The items to look for on page 1 of the 1040 include the following:

f Tax-Exempt Interest — line 8b.

f Alimony Received — line 11. This will not include

child support payments as child support payments are not taxable.

f Total IRA Distributions — line 15a.

w Nontaxable income — 15a minus 15b f Total Pensions and Annuities — line 16a.

w Nontaxable income — 16a minus 16b f Unemployment Compensation — line 19.

f Total Social Security Benefits — line 20a. w Nontaxable income — 20a minus 20b

f Other Income — line 21. Other income may include

prizes or gambling winnings which generally cannot be expected to recur.

f

OTHER ADJUSTMENTS TO INCOME

This line may be used to add back income that you have determined is nontaxable. Some forms of nontaxable income may be grossed up 25%. Check your investor’s income requirements before using nontaxable income. Make sure the income used on this line is verifiable and will be ongoing and consistent.

eSAM - Add these items to the borrower’s cash flow only if the borrower can document that they are stable and recurring.

FORM 1040: U.S. INDIVIDUAL

INCOME TAX RETURN

(23)

Form 1040 (2014) Page 2

Tax and Credits

38 Amount from line 37 (adjusted gross income) . . . 38 39a Check

if:

{

You were born before January 2, 1950, Blind. Spouse was born before January 2, 1950, Blind.

}

Total boxes checked a_39a b If your spouse itemizes on a separate return or you were a dual-status alien, check here a 39b Standard Deduction for— • People who check any box on line 39a or 39b or who can be claimed as a dependent, see instructions. • All others: Single or Married filing separately, $6,200 Married filing jointly or Qualifying widow(er), $12,400 Head of household, $9,100

40 Itemized deductions (from Schedule A) or your standard deduction (see left margin) . . 40 41 Subtract line 40 from line 38 . . . 41 42 Exemptions. If line 38 is $152,525 or less, multiply $3,950 by the number on line 6d. Otherwise, see instructions 42 43 Taxable income. Subtract line 42 from line 41. If line 42 is more than line 41, enter -0- . . 43 44 Tax (see instructions). Check if any from: a Form(s) 8814 b Form 4972 c 44 45 Alternative minimum tax (see instructions). Attach Form 6251 . . . . 45 46 Excess advance premium tax credit repayment. Attach Form 8962 . . . 46 47 Add lines 44, 45, and 46 . . . a ₄₇ 48 Foreign tax credit. Attach Form 1116 if required . . . . 48

49 Credit for child and dependent care expenses. Attach Form 2441 49 50 Education credits from Form 8863, line 19 . . . 50 51 Retirement savings contributions credit. Attach Form 8880 51 52 Child tax credit. Attach Schedule 8812, if required . . . 52 53 Residential energy credits. Attach Form 5695 . . . . 53 54 Other credits from Form: a 3800 b 8801 c 54

55 Add lines 48 through 54. These are your total credits . . . . 55 56 Subtract line 55 from line 47. If line 55 is more than line 47, enter -0- . . . a ₅₆

Other Taxes

57 Self-employment tax. Attach Schedule SE . . . 57 58 Unreported social security and Medicare tax from Form: a 4137 b 8919 . . 58 59 Additional tax on IRAs, other qualified retirement plans, etc. Attach Form 5329 if required . . 59 60 a Household employment taxes from Schedule H . . . 60a

b First-time homebuyer credit repayment. Attach Form 5405 if required . . . . 60b 61 Health care: individual responsibility (see instructions) Full-year coverage . . . 61 62 Taxes from: a Form 8959 b Form 8960 c Instructions; enter code(s) 62 63 Add lines 56 through 62. This is your total tax . . . . a ₆₃ Payments 64 Federal income tax withheld from Forms W-2 and 1099 . . 64

65 2014 estimated tax payments and amount applied from 2013 return 65 If you have a

qualifying child, attach Schedule EIC.

66a Earned income credit (EIC) . . . . 66a b Nontaxable combat pay election 66b

67 Additional child tax credit. Attach Schedule 8812 . . . . . 67 68 American opportunity credit from Form 8863, line 8 . . . 68 69 Net premium tax credit. Attach Form 8962 . . . 69 70 Amount paid with request for extension to file . . . 70 71 Excess social security and tier 1 RRTA tax withheld . . . . 71 72 Credit for federal tax on fuels. Attach Form 4136 . . . . 72 73 Credits from Form: a 2439b Reservedc Reservedd 73

74 Add lines 64, 65, 66a, and 67 through 73. These are your total payments . . . . . a ₇₄ Refund

Direct deposit? See instructions.

75 If line 74 is more than line 63, subtract line 63 from line 74. This is the amount you overpaid 75 76a Amount of line 75 you want refunded to you. If Form 8888 is attached, check here . a _76a a

a

b Routing number a c Type: Checking Savings d Account number

77 Amount of line 75 you want applied to your 2015 estimated tax a ₇₇ Amount

You Owe 78 Amount you owe. Subtract line 74 from line 63. For details on how to pay, see instructions

a ₇₈

79 Estimated tax penalty (see instructions) . . . 79

Third Party Designee

Do you want to allow another person to discuss this return with the IRS (see instructions)? Yes. Complete below. No Designee’s name a Phone no. a Personal identification number (PIN) a Sign Here

Joint return? See instructions. Keep a copy for your records.

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return and accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, they are true, correct, and complete. Declaration of preparer (other than taxpayer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge.

Your signature Date Your occupation Daytime phone number Spouse’s signature. If a joint return, both must sign. Date

F

Spouse’s occupation If the IRS sent you an Identity Protection PIN, enter it

here (see inst.)

Paid Preparer Use Only

Print/Type preparer’s name Preparer’s signature Date

(24)

FORM 1040

FORM 1040: U.S. INDIVIDUAL

INCOME TAX RETURN (PAGE 2)

The borrower’s cash flow is based on gross income versus net income. Page 2 of the 1040 determines the net income of the borrower.

NOTE: If LINE 40 indicates that the standard deduction was taken, then Schedule A – Itemized Deductions will not be included with the tax return.

eSAM - There are no line items listed on this page that should be added back to the borrower’s cash flow.

(25)

SCHEDULE A (Form 1040)

Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service (99)

Itemized Deductions

▶Information about Schedule A and its separate instructions is at www.irs.gov/schedulea. ▶Attach to Form 1040.

OMB No. 1545-0074

2014

Attachment Sequence No. 07

Name(s) shown on Form 1040 Your social security number

Medical and Dental Expenses

Caution. Do not include expenses reimbursed or paid by others. 1 Medical and dental expenses (see instructions) . . . 1 2 Enter amount from Form 1040, line 38 2

3 Multiply line 2 by 10% (.10). But if either you or your spouse was born before January 2, 1950, multiply line 2 by 7.5% (.075) instead 3

4 Subtract line 3 from line 1. If line 3 is more than line 1, enter -0- . . . 4

Taxes You

Paid 5 State and local (check only one box):a Income taxes, or

b General sales taxes

}

. . . 5

6 Real estate taxes (see instructions) . . . 6 7 Personal property taxes . . . 7 8 Other taxes. List type and amount ▶

8

9 Add lines 5 through 8 . . . 9 Interest You Paid Note. Your mortgage interest deduction may be limited (see instructions).

10 Home mortgage interest and points reported to you on Form 1098 10 11 Home mortgage interest not reported to you on Form 1098. If paid

to the person from whom you bought the home, see instructions and show that person’s name, identifying no., and address ▶

11 12 Points not reported to you on Form 1098. See instructions for

special rules . . . 12 13 Mortgage insurance premiums (see instructions) . . . 13 14 Investment interest. Attach Form 4952 if required. (See instructions.) 14

15 Add lines 10 through 14 . . . 15 Gifts to

Charity

If you made a gift and got a benefit for it, see instructions.

16 Gifts by cash or check. If you made any gift of $250 or more, see instructions . . . 16 17 Other than by cash or check. If any gift of $250 or more, see

instructions. You must attach Form 8283 if over $500 . . . 17 18 Carryover from prior year . . . 18

19 Add lines 16 through 18 . . . 19 Casualty and

Theft Losses 20 Casualty or theft loss(es). Attach Form 4684. (See instructions.) . . . 20 Job Expenses

and Certain Miscellaneous Deductions

21 Unreimbursed employee expenses—job travel, union dues, job education, etc. Attach Form 2106 or 2106-EZ if required. (See instructions.)▶ ₂₁

22 Tax preparation fees . . . 22 23 Other expenses—investment, safe deposit box, etc. List type

and amount ▶

23 24 Add lines 21 through 23 . . . 24 25 Enter amount from Form 1040, line 38 25

26 Multiply line 25 by 2% (.02) . . . 26

27 Subtract line 26 from line 24. If line 26 is more than line 24, enter -0- . . . 27 Other

Miscellaneous Deductions

28 Other—from list in instructions. List type and amount ▶

28 Total

Itemized Deductions

29 Is Form 1040, line 38, over $152,525?

29 No. Your deduction is not limited. Add the amounts in the far right column

for lines 4 through 28. Also, enter this amount on Form 1040, line 40.

}

. . Yes. Your deduction may be limited. See the Itemized Deductions

Worksheet in the instructions to figure the amount to enter.

30 If you elect to itemize deductions even though they are less than your standard deduction, check here . . . .▶

(26)

SCHEDULE A

f

LINE 6: REAL ESTATE TAXES

If the borrower has indicated that real estate is owned (owner-occupied), there should be a deduction on this line for real estate taxes paid. Taxes for investment property are reported on Schedule E.

f

LINES 10 AND 11: DEDUCTIBLE HOME

MORTGAGE INTEREST

If the borrower is a current homeowner, a deduction for mortgage interest would be indicated here if there is a lien on the property.

f

LINE 21: UNREIMBURSED EMPLOYEE EXPENSES

These are business expenses that are allowed as a deduction from taxable income on Schedule A — Itemized Deductions. The borrower must file Form 2106 to support the deduction.

eAGI - You will use Form 2106 to make adjustments

to the borrower’s cash flow. Refer to pages 1-19 and 1-21.

eSAM - You will use Form 2106 to make adjustments to the borrower’s cash flow. Refer to pages 1-19 and 1-21.

SCHEDULE A: ITEMIZED

DEDUCTIONS

(27)

Form

2106

2014

Employee Business Expenses

Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service (99)

a_{Attach to Form 1040 or Form 1040NR.}

a Information about Form 2106 and its separate instructions is available at www.irs.gov/form2106.

OMB No. 1545-0074

Attachment Sequence No. 129

Your name Occupation in which you incurred expenses Social security number

Part I

Employee Business Expenses and Reimbursements

Step 1 Enter Your Expenses Other Than Meals Column A

and Entertainment

Column B

Meals and Entertainment

1 Vehicle expense from line 22 or line 29. (Rural mail carriers: See

instructions.) . . . 1 2 Parking fees, tolls, and transportation, including train, bus, etc., that

did not involve overnight travel or commuting to and from work . 2 3 Travel expense while away from home overnight, including lodging,

airplane, car rental, etc. Do not include meals and entertainment . 3 4 Business expenses not included on lines 1 through 3. Do not include

meals and entertainment . . . 4 5 Meals and entertainment expenses (see instructions) . . . . . 5 6 Total expenses. In Column A, add lines 1 through 4 and enter the

result. In Column B, enter the amount from line 5 . . . 6

Note. If you were not reimbursed for any expenses in Step 1, skip line 7 and enter the amount from line 6 on line 8.

Step 2 Enter Reimbursements Received From Your Employer for Expenses Listed in Step 1

7 Enter reimbursements received from your employer that were not

reported to you in box 1 of Form W-2. Include any reimbursements reported under code “L” in box 12 of your Form W-2 (see instructions) . . . 7

Step 3 Figure Expenses To Deduct on Schedule A (Form 1040 or Form 1040NR)

8 Subtract line 7 from line 6. If zero or less, enter -0-. However, if line 7 is greater than line 6 in Column A, report the excess as income on Form 1040, line 7 (or on Form 1040NR, line 8) . . . 8 Note. If both columns of line 8 are zero, you cannot deduct

employee business expenses. Stop here and attach Form 2106 to your return.

9 In Column A, enter the amount from line 8. In Column B, multiply line 8 by 50% (.50). (Employees subject to Department of Transportation (DOT) hours of service limits: Multiply meal expenses incurred while away from home on business by 80% (.80) instead of 50%. For details, see instructions.) . . . 9

10 Add the amounts on line 9 of both columns and enter the total here. Also, enter the total on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 21 (or on Schedule A (Form 1040NR), line 7). (Armed Forces

reservists, qualified performing artists, fee-basis state or local government officials, and individuals with disabilities: See the instructions for special rules on where to enter the total.) . . . a ₁₀

(28)

FORM 2106

Automobile Allowance

When the borrower reports the allowance on their personal federal tax returns:

f Include allowance in excess of monthly expenses in

the monthly qualifying income OR

f Include the expenses in excess of the allowance in the

total monthly obligation

When the borrower does not report the allowance on their personal federal tax returns:

f Include the allowance in the monthly qualifying

income AND

f Include the automobile payment/lease payment in the

total monthly obligation

f

LINE 8: UNREIMBURSED EXPENSES

eAGI - Subtract unreimbursed employee expenses,

stated under Step 3, line 8, columns A plus B. This represents the unreimbursed business expenses prior to calculating the 50% limit on meals and entertainment.

eSAM - Subtract unreimbursed employee expenses, stated under Step 3, line 8, columns A plus B. This represents the unreimbursed business expenses prior to calculating the 50% limit on meals and entertainment.

FORM 2106: EMPLOYEE BUSINESS

EXPENSES

This form is used to report reimbursed and unreimbursed business expenses by a non-self-employed borrower. Examples of typical expenses may include vehicle, travel, meals and entertainment.

EVALUATING the Self-Employed Borrower

tax year

EVALUATING the

OUR

ONLINE PROGRAM MAKES

ANALYZING THE SELF-EMPLOYED

BORROWER

FASTER AND EASIER.

AVAILABLE NOW

FOR TAX YEAR 2014!

f

GO TO WWW.MGIC.COM AND CLICK ON

SELF-EMPLOYED BORROWER TOOLS

ON THE

HOME PAGE.

INTRODUCTION

iv

MODULE 1: ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AND SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD

1-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MODULE 2: BUSINESS RETURNS

2-1

MODULE 3: ANALYZING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3-1

MODULE 4: RESOURCES

4-1

MODULE 5: CASH FLOW WORKSHEETS

5-1

INTRODUCTION

WHY USE TAX RETURNS?

BASIC CONCEPTS

INTRODUCTION

RISK FACTORS

INTRODUCTION

f

NONCASH EXPENSES

INTRODUCTION

f

RECURRING VERSUS NONRECURRING

INCOME OR LOSS

f

LOSSES AND EXPENSES LIMITED BY THE IRS

INTRODUCTION

PERSONAL INCOME

BUSINESS INCOME

1040 AND SUPPORTING

SCHEDULES & FORMS

MODULE 1

ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AND

SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD

f

ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME (AGI)

f

SCHEDULE ANALYSIS METHOD (SAM)

1040

2014

}

FORM 1040

MODIFIED AGI METHOD

f

LINE 7: WAGES, SALARIES, TIPS, ETC.

f

LINE 8A: TAXABLE INTEREST INCOME

FORM 1040: U.S. INDIVIDUAL

INCOME TAX RETURN

1040

2014

}

FORM 1040

f

LINE 8B: TAX-EXEMPT INTEREST INCOME

f

LINE 9A: ORDINARY DIVIDENDS

f

LINE 9B: QUALIFIED DIVIDENDS

f

LINE 10: TAXABLE REFUNDS OF STATE AND

LOCAL TAXES

f

LINE 11: ALIMONY RECEIVED