Lasers, Optics & Photonics

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Volume 5 Issue 4 J Phys Chem Biophys 2015

ISSN: 2161-0398, JPCB an open access journal

Optics 2015

September 01-03, 2015

Notes:

September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Optical feedback interferometry in quantum cascade lasers

Gaetano Scamarcio

Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy CNR – Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Italy

A

fter reviewing the features of self-mixing interferometryin quantum cascade lasers, its inherent ultra-stability and its several metrological applications, I will present our recent results on a novel contact-free method based on the use of THz quantum cascade lasers operating under optical feedback to image in reflection mode the free electron plasma photogenerated onto a semiconductor surface. Self-mixing interferometry is also used to demonstrate the possibility to produce sub-wavelength patterns acting as metamaterials in semiconductors pumped by a spatially modulated near-infrared beam.

Biography

Gaetano Scamarcio is a Professor of Physics who graduated and received his PhD in Physics. He has been a Research Fellow at the Max-Planck-Institute für Festkörper-forschung, Stuttgart, Germany, and in 1992 a visiting scientist at the Walter-Schottky-Institute, Garching, Germany. He has been a visiting scientist of Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies (formerly AT&T), Murray Hill, (USA). His main research interests are in the fields of quantum cascade lasers, optical, vibrational and transport properties of semiconductor structures at the nano-scale, spectroscopic techniques for real-time monitoring of optoelectronic devices, optoelectronic sensors for mechatronics. His research activity is documented by 220 ISI publications, and 7 filed patents. He has been chair of the 100th_National

Congress of the Italian Physical Society (Applied Physics Section) in 2014, member of the Program Committee of the 9th_{and 10}th_{International Conference on Inter}

sub band Transitions in Quantum Wells, Cumbria, UK in 2007, and Montreal, in 2009; Director of the International School of INFM “Progress in laser sources and photonic devices”, Capri, in 2002. He has been the recipient of Award of the Italian Physical Society (1989), Firestone Prize for young laureates (1985), NATO-CNR Advanced Fellowship (1995) and Ambassadorial Fellowship of the International Rotary Foundation (1994).

[email protected]

Gaetano Scamarcio, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 40

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Influence of the InAs/GaSb super lattice period composition on the electro-optical performances

of T2SL infrared photodiode

P Christol1,2_{, M Delmas}1,2_{, R Rossignol}1,2_{and J B Rodriguez}1,2

1_{University of Montpellier, France} 2_{CNRS, France}

T

he last past years, Type-II super lattice (T2SL) made of InAs/GaSb nanostructures has emerged as a new material technology suitable for high performance infrared detectors. This was possible because T2SL is a particular quantum system with non-standard optical and electrical properties. Among T2SL specific properties, one of the main interesting properties is that several structures, with different InAs to GaSb thickness ratios in each SL period, can target the same cut-off wavelength. Recent previous work reports the study of photodiodes with different SL periods having the same cut-off wavelength at 5 µm at 77 K. This study shows the strong influence of the SL composition on dark current measurements, shape of spectral responses, quantum efficiency and type of background doping concentration of nid InAs/GaSb SL active zone. The objective of this communication is to use the flexibility of T2SL to fabricate by MBE a pin photodiode where the active zone is made of different SL periods. Influence of the SL period composition on the electrical and electro-optical characterizations are reported and discussed. The results show that optimized SL structure for the MWIR domain can be designed by combining the best of each SL periods.

Biography

P Christol is a Professor of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at the Electronic Institute (IES) of Montpellier University, France, since 2005. He is specialist of infrared photodetection, in particular of antimonide-based photodetectors grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on GaSb substrate. He is now Deputy Director of the IES laboratory (~200 people). He is author/co-author of over 80 publications in refereed journals, a book chapter and contributed to over one hundred communications in international conferences. He has supervised 15 PhD students in the past ten years. His research interests currently focus on electrical and optical properties of new InAs/InAsSb and InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared photodiodes.

[email protected]

P Christol et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Recent advances in widely tunable quantum cascade lasers and their use in spectroscopic sensing

J Wagner1_{, R Ostendorf}1_{, J Grahmann}2_{, A Merten}2_{, S Hugger}1_{, J-P Jarvis}1_{, F Fuchs}1_{and H Schenk}2

1_{Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Germany} 2_{Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, Germany}

W

idely tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are ideal light sources for spectroscopic sensing exploiting characteristic finger print absorption of molecules in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range. Such broadband tunability can be achieved by placing a QCL chip with a broad gain spectrum into an external cavity (EC-QCL), using e.g. a diffractive grating as wavelength-dependent feedback-element. This way wavelength tuning over >25% of the central wavelength can be achieved routinely in the MIR spectral range. EC-QCLs deliver a well collimated low-divergence output beam with high spectral brightness, which enables a range of new applications. These include in-line MIR spectroscopic sensing of substances in aqueous solutions and MIR backscattering spectroscopy for stand-off detection of hazardous substances. First we report on recent advances in broadband-tunable MIR EC-QCL technology by presenting a first implementation of a rapid scan EC-QCL, employing a custom-made large diameter (∅=5 mm) MOEMS scanning grating in Littrow-configuration as wavelength-selective optical feedback-element. This way, a scanning rate of 1 kHz was achieved, which corresponds to 2000 full wavelength scans per second. Second, exemplary case studies of EC-QCL based MIR spectroscopy will be presented. These include in-line spectroscopy for the detection of contaminants in water as well as imaging MIR backscattering spectroscopy for the detection of residues of explosives and related precursors on various kinds of surfaces in a realistic environment.

Biography

J Wagner received PhD degree in Physics from the University in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1982. From 1982 to 1984 he worked at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, in the group of Prof. M Cardona before joining the Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Freiburg, Germany, in 1985. There he is currently Deputy Director and Head of the Optoelectronics Department. He is also Professor at the Institute of Physics of the University of Freiburg and an associated member of the Materials Research Center Freiburg (FMF). His current research interests include III/V-semiconductor based optoelectronic devices in particular for the infrared spectral range, as well as their integration into modules and systems. He is author or coauthor of 460 scientific publications including several review papers and book chapters.

[email protected]

J Wagner et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Coherency for a better detection

Besnard Pascal, Schadrac Fresnel, Yohann Léguillon, Christelle Pareige and Stéphane Trebaol

University of Rennes 1, France

S

everal scientific domains including defense, metrology, aerospace, and telecommunications require low frequency and intensity noise sources. Coherent lasers could improve detection and could offer new perspectives in the fields of instrumentation for high-speed optical telecommunications, microwave-photonics systems and highly sensitive sensors. If very coherent lasers have been realized in metrology or following fundamental studies (for examples, Menlo systems), their cost or complexity is prohibitive and there is a need for compact, low-cost coherent lasers (~Hz linewidth). We propose to use multi-stokes Brilouin lasers to reach such a goal. Generation of multiple Stokes orders with a single pump enables to filter out the pump noise as many times as the number of nonlinear components, which leads to a drastic reduction in the frequency noise, accompanied by a reduction in the intensity noise. We give for the first time frequency and intensity noise measurement for high-order Stokes components for Brillouin fiber lasers. We discuss future improvements and the impact of such low-cost, compact lasers.

Biography

Besnard Pascal has completed his PhD degree in Physics from University of Rennes and Postdoctoral studies at Ontario Lightwave and Laser Research Center, Toronto, ON, Canada. He is Professor at ENSSAT and was the Head of the Optronics department during 6 years and at the Head of the Laser Physics Group from 2000 to 2012. Since 2012 he is the Director of the unity CNRS Foton (optical Functions for the sciences of communication). His principal research interests include laser physics, noise, optical injection, optical feedback, and mode-locked lasers using semiconductor and fiber technology for optical communications and sensors.

[email protected]

Besnard Pascal et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 43

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Linear-cavity fiber lasers investigation and application

Shien-Kuei Liaw1_{and Chow-Shing Shin}2

1_{National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan} 2_{National Taiwan University, Taiwan}

R

ecently, much more attention has been directed to diode-pumped single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) fiber lasers because of their high reliability, compactness, and capability of shot-noise-limited operation in the megahertz frequency range.In this paper, a SLM linear-cavity fiber laser at C-band wavelength is proposed and demonstrated by using only two subring cavities, either in serial or parallel connection. The employed saturable absorber filter and two subring cavities successfully suppress the multi-longitudinal-mode oscillation caused by spatial hole burning in a linear cavity. Tunable laser sources have seen various applications in recent years such as optical switching, network protection or digital communication. Among various tunable lasers, fiber lasers now compete directly in several domains with semiconductor lasers because they present the advantages of high brightness, low intensity noise, thermal stability, excellent coupling into a single mode fiber and better compatibility with fiber components. In this paper we develop an L band tunable erbium-doped fiber laser (TEDFL) using a broadband fiber mirror (BFM) and a tunable fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) as cavity ends. Several characteristics such as the gain fiber length, threshold pumping power, pumping efficiency and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) are studied. The wavelength tuningfunction is also demonstrated.

Biography

Shien-Kuei Liaw received the PhD degree from National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, in 1999. In 1993, he joined the Telecommunication Laboratories, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Taiwan. In 1996, he was a visiting researcher at Bellcore (now Telcordia), Red Bank, NJ, USA in 1996 and a visiting Professor at University of Oxford, UK in Autumn 2011. He is now a distinguished Professor and the Director of Optoelectronics Research Center of National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. He has authored and co-authored over 200 international journal articles and conference presentations. His research interests include optical communication, fiber devices and fiber sensing.

[email protected]

Shien-Kuei Liaw et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 44

Optics 2015

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Notes:

September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

16 µm InP-related quantum cascade laser

Anna Szerling1,2_{, Steven Slivken}2_{, Yanbo Bai}2_{and Manijeh Razeghi}2

1_{Institute of Electron Technology, Poland} 2_{Northwestern University, USA}

T

he Quantum Cascade Laser are valuable as the sources for the detection of large organic hydrocarbon molecules like the BTX compounds in the 12–16 µm region or for radio-astronomy as local oscillators in heterodyne detectors. In this work, long wavelength 16 µm quantum cascade lasers will be demonstrated at room temperature with high peak output power using a bound-to-continuum structure design. The structure was grown by gas sources molecular beam epitaxy and consist of a 45 period active region embedded in an optical waveguide. The devices were processed in 50 - to 70 - µm wide mesa using wet chemical etching and a SiO₂ for passivation. Multimode emission with pulsed peak power up to 700 mW at 30°C and above 200 mW at 100°C will be presented. The emission spectrum consists of modes around 641 cm-1 (λ~15.6 µm) and around 602 cm-1 (λ~16.6 µm).

Biography

Anna Szerling received MSc in Physics from the Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland, in 2002 and PhD degree in field of electronics from the Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland, in 2008. Her main research interests include processing and characterization of the semiconductor devices. She currently works on the THz and MIR quantum cascade lasers. For 10.2014 – 11.2014, she joined the group of Prof. M. Razeghi at CQD, USA, as a Visiting Scholar.

[email protected]

Anna Szerling et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 45

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Photonic engineering and micro-cavity tuning of THz quantum cascade laser resonators

Miriam S Vitiello

NEST, CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy

T

erahertz (THz) radiation lies in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum, loosely defined as the 30-300 μm wavelength region that is often called “THz gap”. Recent technological innovation in photonics and nanotechnology is now enabling THz frequency research to be applied in an increasingly widespread range of applications, such as information and communications technology, sensing, medical diagnostics, global environmental monitoring, homeland security, and quality and process controls. Most of these applications require systems with targeted sensitivity and specificity exploiting advanced quantum devices, novel materials and technologies. To address the above application requirements, high power, widely tunable sources with controlled and directional beam profiles, together with high-speed and high-sensitivity resonant detectors need to be developed. This requires parallel developments in semiconductor materials and hetero structures, including micro/nano structuring and plasmonics, as well as related multifunctional THz optical components. The talk will provide an overview of our recent technological developments of Terahertz quantum cascade lasers, from the development of quasi-crystal THz intersubb and lasers, 1. To novel DFB concepts exploiting bi-period feedback gratings to control the emission frequency and the output beam direction independently. 2. A final emphasis on our micro cavity approaches for continuous tuning of THz QCL emission and waveguide adapters for efficient THz radiation out-coupling will be provided.

[email protected]

Miriam S Vitiello, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 46

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

In-situ study on optical properties and continuous laser tuning in cholesteric liquid crystal laser array

Mi-Yun Jeong

Gyeongsang National University, Korea

C

holesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have become promising candidates for photonic crystal laser devices owing to their unique optical characteristics in mirror less lasing, as well as micron-sized thickness, low threshold, and lasing tunability in the full visible spectral range. In this paper, we introduced in-situ study on optical properties and continuous laser wavelength tuning in cholesteric liquid crystal laser array. General and polymerized CLC laser devices were fabricated to have fine-structured pitch gradient in a wedge CLC cell and to have tuning resolution less than 0.3 nm in abroad spectral range. The comprehensive optical properties of the laser lines and fluorescent spectrum generated by a CLC laser array were studied; the laser lines generated from a CLC with a right-(left-) handed circular helix were right-(left-) handed circular polarized, respectively. We found out that inside the photonic band gap, the CLC structure with right-(left-) handed helicity suppressed the fluorescence generated with right (left) circular polarized light, and instead the suppressed right (left) circular polarized light energy moved to the outside of the photonic band gap, so we can say that the fluorescence intensity outside of the photonic band gap is enhanced with right (left) handed circular polarized light. Depending on the position of the photonic band gap, the fluorescence quantum yield value increased by up to ~15%. And the polymerized CLC devices had good stability for a time of more than 1 year, and in response to strong external laser light sources, and thermal perturbation. And dynamic laser tuning by electric field and temperature control were also studied.

Biography

Mi-Yun Jeong is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea. She received her BS degree from Gyeongsang National University, and her MS (2001) and PhD (2007) degrees from Korea University, under the guidance of Prof. D. G. Lim. Her current research interests include the second-order nonlinear optical effects of octupolar crystals, nanophotonics, plasmonics, and continuous tunable cholesteric liquid-crystal lasers. She has published 39 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

[email protected]

Mi-Yun Jeong, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 47

Optics 2015

September 01-03, 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Type-II quantum wells for InP-based surface and edge emitting lasers

Stephan Sprengel and M C Amann

Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany

L

asers operating in the near- and mid-infrared have many applications - Medical sensing, surgeries, biosensing and contactless highly sensitive gas detection. In this range, InP-based edge emitting lasers and VCSELs using type-I Quantum Wells (QW) offer excellent performance up to 2.3 µm wavelength. Beyond this wavelength, edge emitting lasers based on GaSb demonstrate low thresholds up to 3.7 µm. For VCSELs as well as for III-V on silicon concepts, on the other hand, GaSb is not the material of choice, since the process as well as growth technology are not as far developed as for InP. In this talk we present an innovative concept for InP-based edge emitters and VCSELs for 2-3 µm, using type-II QWs. In the center, three type-II quantum wells are implemented. Each consists of a GaAsSb hole-confining QW surrounded by two GaInAsQWs for electron confinement, forming a W shaped band structure. These W-shaped QWs are separated by tensile strained GaAsSb. Additionally, the structure includes electron and hole blocking layers for electrical confinement. For optical confinement, wave guiding and cladding layers are surrounding the structure. We present lasers at 2.5 μm with threshold current densities of only 0.31 kAcm-2 extrapolated to infinite length corresponding, to 0.1kAcm-2 per QW. Furthermore laser at 2.7 µm are presented, operating up to 80°C in pulsed mode. Additionally, a concept for InP-based type-II VCSELs is discussed. First VCSEL results at 2.5 µm wavelength are very promising.

Biography

Stephan Sprengel was born in Erding, Germany, in 1987. He received the Dipl. Phys. degree from the Technische Universität München, Germany in 2012. Since then he has been working towards the Ph.D degree at the Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München. Currently he is engaged in the research on InP and GaSb-based type-I and type-II quantum well lasers, LEDs and Photodiodes for the mid infra-red including design, epitaxial growth, manufacturing and characterization. He is a member of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, and the IEEE Photonics Society.

[email protected]

Stephan Sprengel, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 49

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

BaTiO

₃

photonic crystal electro-optic devices for 50 GHz applications

Bruce Wessels, Jianheng Li and Zhifu Liu

Northwestern University, USA

D

ue to an exponential increase of information processing and communications traffic requirements, there are needs for active devices for photonic integrated circuits that operate at 50 GHz and above. One way to increase the bandwidth of an EO modulator is to decrease its size. In this paper, we report the simulation, design, fabrication and characteristics of a millimeter scale, EO modulator operating in the V-band at a wavelength of 1550 nm based on BaTiO₃ thin film platform. Using two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC), decreasing its length and optimizing device design based on our recent simulations of EO and microwave characteristics 50 GHz devices were demonstrated. Integration of these active devices on silicon will also be discussed.

Biography

Bruce Wessels is the W.P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Northwestern University. He received his undergraduate degree from University of Pennsylvania and PhD degree in Materials Science from MIT. He is a fellow of APS, OSA and ASMI. He is author/ co-author of 360 articles on electronic, magnetic and optical properties materials and devices. He is the holder of 15 U.S. patents. He is a former President of TMS.

[email protected]

Bruce Wessels et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Page 50

Optics 2015

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September 01-03, 2015 Valencia, Spain

3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

High-index-contrast photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers: Watt-range coherent mid-infrared

power sources

Dan Botez1_{, J D Kirch}1_{, C-C Chang}1_{, C Boyle}1_{, L J Mawst}1_{, D Lindberg III}2_{and T Earles}2

1_{University of Wisconsin, USA} 2_{Intraband, LLC, USA}

R

esonant leaky-wave coupling of antiguides has been used for phase-locking near-infrared (IR) lasers to high pulsed (10 W) and CW (1.6 W) near diffraction-limited (D.L.) powers. The structures are analogous to 2nd_{-order lateral distributed-feedback}

(DFB) structures; thus, they represent high-index-contrast (HC) (Δn ≈ 0.10) photonic-crystal (PC) structures that allow global coupling between array elements in an in-phase mode of uniform intensity profile. For mid-IR QCLs coherence over large apertures has been reported from PCDFB lasers and master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) structures. PCDFBs involve diffraction gratings; thus, inherently have low index contrast (Δn ~ 0.008) and have shown near-D.L. operation to only 0.5 W/facet pulsed power. Flared MOPAs, have shown near-D.L operation to 3.9 W, but have no index steps; thus, are vulnerable to thermal lensing in quasi-CW or CW operation. We have implemented resonant leaky-wave coupling in 8.4 μm-emitting arrays of QCLs. Preliminary results are 5.5 W near-D.L. peak powers. Such HC-PC structures hold potential for >5 W quasi-CW coherent power in the 8-10 μm wavelength range, and >5 W CW coherent power in the 4.5-5.5 μm wavelength range. Furthermore, in combination with single-lobe-emitting, 2nd_{-order metal/semiconductor gratings, such arrays hold potential for >15 W CW surface-emitted, coherent power}

from 2-D HC-PC mid-IR QCLs.

Biography

Dan Botez is Philip Dunham Reed Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He received his PhD from University of California, Berkeley. He is co-inventor of the resonant-optical-waveguide array concept which represents the first photonic-crystal laser structure for spatial-mode control. His recent work focused on mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), which led to the first model for carrier leakage in QCLs. He is a Fellow member of the IEEE and OSA, and recipient of the 2010 OSA Nick Holonyak Jr. Award. He has authored or co-authored more than 400 technical publications of which over 300 were refereed, and holds 52 patents.

[email protected]

Dan Botez et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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3 rd

_{International Conference and Exhibition on}

Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Advanced photonic technologies for atmospheric measurements

W Chen1_{, H Yi}1,2_{, R Maamary}1_{, G Wang}1_{, T Wu}3_{, X Cui}1,2_{, C Coeur}1_{and E Fertein}1

1_{Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, France} 2_{Chinese Academy of Sciences, China} 3_{Nanchang Hangkong University, China}

C

hemically reactive atmospheric species play a crucial role in tropospheric processes that dominate regional air quality and global climate change. Contrary to long-lived species (such as greenhouse gases), real time in situ sensing of short-lived atmospheric molecules represents a real challenge due to their very high reactivity resulting in short lifetimes (of around 1-100 seconds) and ultra-low concentrations that measure in parts per billion by volume (PPBV) to parts per quadrillion by volume (ppqv). In this talk, we will overview our recent progress in the development of photonic instruments for in situ monitoring of such atmospheric species (like nitrous acid (HONO), nitrate radical (NO₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). The experimental arrangements, based on the advanced photonic technologies (such as quantum cascade laser, light emitting diode) combined with selective and sensitive long optical path length enhanced absorption spectroscopy, as well as their applications to field observation and smog chamber study will be presented.

Biography

W Chen is full Professor of Physics at the Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO) in France. He received his PhD degree in 1991 from the Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL) in France. Prior to joining the ULCO in 1993, he was an Assistant Professor at the USTL where he conducted research focusing on the development of laser sideband-based heterodyne THz spectrometer and its application to molecular rotation spectroscopy. His current research interests include developments and applications of photonic instrumentation (based on QCL, LED or optical parametric source) for optical metrology of atmospheric species: Trace gases (concentration, isotope ratios) and aerosols (optical properties). He has published more than 130 refereed technical papers and has co-authored over 140 presentations in the international conferences.

[email protected]

W Chen et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Frequency doubling in AlGaAs micro disks at 1.55 µm

Giuseppe Leo1_{, N Morais}1_{, A Lemaître}2_{, S Ducci}1_{and I Favero}1

1_{University Paris Diderot, France}

2_{Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France}

F

requency conversion can be very efficient in whispering gallery mode semiconductor micro resonators, thanks to high optical confinement and modal overlap. The crystallographic symmetry of AlGaAs, along with the circular geometry, provides effective quasi-phase matching without the burden of domain inversion. In this framework, some experimental studies have been recently reported on Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) in GaAs WGM microdisks. However, GaAs does not allow working with a Fundamental Frequency (FF) mode in the third fiber window of the telecom range, since the SH photon energy exceeds the energy gap and two-photon absorption losses are high up to 1800 nm. Here we report on the demonstration of CW SHG in Al0.4Ga0.6As suspended micro disks on GaAs pedestal, with FF wavelength around 1.55 µm and an efficiency η = 0.7×10-3_W-1_{comparable to}

state-of-the-art monolithic telecom devices. This result was obtained via the evanescent coupling between the disk and a tapered fiber, with 3.5 mW input power injected in the fiber. Then we discuss the down-conversion that can occur in the same micro disk, with inverted roles for the SH (which becomes the input pump) and FF (which corresponds to the output signal and idler). In this case, with 3 ps pulses and a repetition rate of 300 kHz, a peak power of about 10 kWat 775 nm can provide signal and idler peak power of about 5 µW at degeneracy. Finally, we illustrate the fabrication of the monolithic counterpart of such submicron-system, with a suspended AlGaAs nano wire in lieu of the fiber.

Biography

Giuseppe Leo received a Master in EE at “La Sapienza” University of Rome (Italy) and a PhD in Physics at the University of Orsay (France). From 1992 to 2004 he has been with the Rome-III University as an Assistant Professor and then as an Associate Professor. Since 2004 he has been full Professor at the Paris Diderot University (France) and Head of the Nonlinear Devices group of MPQ Laboratory since 2006. His research domains include nonlinear optics and quantum optoelectronics, with a focus on AlGaAs platform. He has coordinated several research programs and published 80 articles, 9 book chapters and >150 conference papers. He has also edited 1 book and registered 3 patents. He is the Director of the Denis Diderot School of Engineering.

[email protected]

Giuseppe Leo et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Can OLED light-quality be good enough to justify lighting renaissance?

Jwo-Huei Jou

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

H

ydrocarbon-burning lighting measures, such as candles, oil lamps or torches, provide pleasantly warm-sensation, but are energy-wasting with problems like burning, carbon-blacking, flickering, oxygen consumption, and carbon-dioxide emission etc. Whilst, electricity-driven light sources, such as fluorescent tubes and LEDs, are energy-saving, but may cause blue hazards, including discoloring the paintings of van Gogh and Cezanne, irreparable damage to the retina of human eyes, and suppression of melatonin secretion etc. Notably, “Electric light at night may explain a portion of the breast cancer”; as reported by Stevens et al. in 2014. Undoubtedly, there is an urgent need for a blue-hazard free lighting source to safeguard human health. However, challenges arise for such a lighting source as high light-quality is desired while meeting the power-saving trend. Could one have an energy-saving, healthy lighting source with high light-quality to initiate lighting renaissance? To demonstrate such a possibility, we employ OLED technique with a high band-number of candlelight emission complementary emitters to fabricate a high quality, energy-saving and blue-hazard free OLED. The candle light emitting OLED can exhibit an approaching 90 color rendering index or an above 90 natural light spectrum resemblance index (SRI), with a power-efficiency at least 300 times that of candles at color-temperature below 2,000K. Most importantly, it shows a much lower melatonin suppression impact than candles, based on the same luminance level. It is indicated that the candle light-style OLED is physiologically-safer than candles, and the safest among all electricity-driven lighting sources ever.

Biography

Jwo-Huei Jou received his PhD in 1986 from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, and worked as a Post-doctoral visiting scientist at IBM-Almaden Research Center, CA, USA, till 1988 before becoming a faculty in NTHU. He chaired the department from 2006 to 2009. He has published more than 120 journal papers and filed and/or been issued more than 60 patents, and has been serving as an Editor of Fluorescent Materials.

[email protected]

Jwo-Huei Jou, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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New ultrafast fiber lasers covering uv to mid-IR with nonlinear optics

Nasser Peyghambarian

University of Arizona, USA

N

onlinear optics (NLO) including second harmonic generation, fourth harmonic generation, optical parametric processes, difference frequency generation, and Raman effects would allow generation of new laser frequencies over a wide spectrum. Our recent results in developing fiber lasers sources covering uv to mid-IR will be summarized.

Biography

Nasser Peyghambarian received his Ph.D. in solid-state Physics from Indiana University in 1982. He then joined the University of Arizona where he is currently a Professor at the College of Optical Sciences and the Department of Materials Science & Engineering. He is an adjunct professor at the Electrical Engineering Department at UC San Diego, and the Director of the NSF Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks. Additionally, he is the Chair of Photonics and Lasers at the University of Arizona and Director of the Photonics Initiative. He has over 500 publications in refereed journals and more than 25 patents.

[email protected]

Nasser Peyghambarian, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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Photon management assisted by surface waves on an all-dielectric platform

Angelo Angelini

Polytechnic of Turin, Italy

A

n overview of recent results on photon management through surface modes on purely dielectric multilayers is provided. Diffraction as well as guidance and confinement of Bloch Surface Waves (BSW) are shown, and a particular focus on near-field coupling of emitters with BSW modes is provided. The ability of modifying the radiation pattern of emitters by employing nanostructured surfaces is gaining growing attention in a variety of applications related to nanophotonics, such as few-molecule and quantum emitters detection. In this framework, Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE) has demonstrated to be an effective way to address this issue. Generally, plasmonic-based mechanisms exploit a near-field transfer of energy from the emitters to plasmonic modes. However, the main drawback in using plasmons on metal is represented by ohmic losses, producing broad resonances and absorption of useful signal. An effect similar to SPCE occurs on properly tailored one dimensional photonic crystals sustaining BSWs. Due to the very low absorption coefficient of the 1DCP materials, the BSW-coupled fluorescence can propagate for longer distances as compared to plasmons. In addition, the use of dielectric structures offers interesting advantages such as a wide spectral tunability (from UV to IR); the possibility to have either TE or TM polarized BSW and higher Q-factors. By properly structuring the surface of 1DPC, light coupled to BSWs can be manipulated in several ways (e.g. diffracted, guided, and focused). In particular, spontaneous emission of emitters lying on the surface of 1DPC can be efficiently beamed out in arbitrary directions with low divergence.

Biography

Angelo Angelini has completed his PhD from Polytechnic of Turin. During his studies, he spent 6 months at Columbia University, Biomedical Engineering department. He is currently a Research Fellow at Polytechnic of Turin. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

[email protected]

Angelo Angelini, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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Low index optical materials

Michael A Fiddy

University of North Carolina (Charlotte), USA

T

his presentation focuses on man-made composites or meta-materials which exploit resonant behaviour in their constituent elements or meta-atoms to reduce the overall refractive index. We illustrate the potential use of such materials as index values drop below unity and approach zero in various applications as well as their use as a possible ink for nano-printing which is one of our motivations. We have investigated distributions of nanoparticles of various sizes and concentrations made from transparent conducting oxides. Their scattering and coupling interactions provide an enhanced or resonant response that can lower the index of the bulk material. These interactions are not included in traditional effective medium models which typically underestimate the actual index values. Our particles of choice are aluminium-doped zinc oxide which can be grown with known concentrations of Al in order to control their plasma frequency or permittivity zero-crossing. Their sizes and concentrations can also be controlled. The polarization dependence of these media has been investigated and will be reported here. Also new simulations and experimental results will be shown.

Biography

Michael A Fiddy received his PhD from the University of London and was Faculty Member at Kings College from 1979-1987. He moved to the University of Massachusetts Lowell in 1987, where he was ECE Department Head from 1994 until 2001. In January 2002, he was appointed the Founding Director of the Center for Optoelectronics and Optical Communications at UNC Charlotte. He stepped down from this position in 2010 and has been Site Director for the NSF Industry/ University Center for Metamaterials which began in 2011. He has been the Editor-In-Chief of the journal ‘Waves in Random and Complex Media’ since 1996 and is Deputy Editor of OSA’s recently launched Photonics Research Journal. He currently serves on the OSA Board of Directors and the Advisory Board of the Optoelectronics Industry Development Association (OIDA). He is a Fellow of the OSA, IOP and SPIE.

[email protected]

Michael A Fiddy, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Identification of point defect candidates in strained-layer type-II super lattices for infrared

detectors: Ab initio electronic structure studies

Nicholas Kioussis

California State University Northridge, USA

T

he InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb type-II strain-layer superlattices (T2SLS) are of great importance and show great promise for mid-wave and long-wave infrared (IR) detectors for a variety of civil and military applications. The T2SLS offer several advantages over present day detection technologies including suppressed Auger recombination relative to the bulk MCT material, high quantum efficiencies, and commercial availability of low defect density substrates. While the T2SLS detectors are approaching the empirical Rule-07 benchmark of MCT’s performance level, the dark-current density is still significantly higher than that of bulk MCT detectors. One of the major origins of dark current is associated with the Shockley-Read- Hall (SRH) process in the depletion region of the detector. I will present results of ab initio electronic structure calculations of the stability of a wide range of point defects [As and In vacancies, In, As and Sb anti sites, In interstitials, As interstitials, and Sb interstitials] in various charged states in bulk InAs, InSb, and InAsSb systems and T2SLS. I will also present results of the transition energy levels. The calculations reveal that compared to defects in bulk materials, the formation and defect properties in InAs/InAsSb T2SLS can be affected by various structural features, such as strain, interface, and local chemical environment. I will present examples which demonstrate that the effect of strain or local chemical environment shifts the transition energy levels of certain point defects either above or below the conduction band minimum, thus suppressing their contribution to the SRH recombination.

Biography

Nicholas Kioussis has completed his PhD from University of Illinois at Chicago and Postdoctoral studies from West Virginia University. He is the founder and director of the W. M. Keck Computational Materials Theory Center at California State University Northridge. He has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals in the areas of electronic structure calculations, multi scale modeling of defects, spin transport in magnetic tunnel junctions, and defect calculations in type II super lattices.

[email protected]

Nicholas Kioussis, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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InP-based antimony-free lasers and photodetectors in 2-3 µm band

Zhang Yong-Gang, Gu Yi, Chen Xing-You, Ma Ying-Jie, Xi Su-Ping and Du Ben

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

I

n addition to antimony containing materials on GaSb substrate, the mature epitaxial growth and processing technology, as well as higher thermal conductivity, makes the antimony-free materials on InPa good candidate to cover 2-3 µm wavelength range. For In_xGa_1-xAs QW lasers the wavelength can be tailored to this range by increasing the indium content in the QWs, whereas significant strain is introduced and confinement become poor, so the structural design, control of epitaxial quality and suppression of dislocations become main concern. For PDs of longer wavelength, the indium content should also be increased, a quite large lattice mismatch need to be relaxed through suitable buffer. In this talk, our efforts on InP-based antimony-free QW lasers and In_xGa_1-xAs PDs are reviewed. For lasers, novel triangular QW was used to increase the lasing wavelength while restricting the strain. Digital alloy technology was used to form triangular QW during the MBE growth. CW lasing from 2.0 to 2.4 µm at room temperature has been achieved. To extend the emission wavelength longer, metamorphic scheme was employed on In_0.8Al_0.2As template to produce a virtual substrate with larger lattice constant than InP for InAs QWs. CW lasing wavelength up to 2.73 μm have been demonstrated. The cutoff wavelengths of PDs have been shifted from 1.7 µm up to 2.9 µm. The PDs using InAlAs buffer and cap layers with wider bandgap were grown and demonstrated, and p-on-n ort n-on-p PD configuration was applied. The buffer schemes and growth conditions were optimized.

Biography

Zhang Yong-Gang received BS degree from Nanjing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, China in 1982. He gained MS and PhD degrees from Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy (now named Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology), Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1987 and 1996 respectively, and served here since 1987. His research interests include III-V semiconductor optoelectronic materials, devices and applications. He had been a full-Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics since 1996, and supervised 25 PhD and MSc students there.

[email protected]

Zhang Yong-Gang et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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Telluride glass fibers for mid-infrared sensing: From medical diagnosis to the detection of exo-planet

Bruno Bureau, Catherine Boussard-Plédel and Jacques Lucas

Université de Rennes 1, France

T

he glass-forming ability of chalcogens combinations has been known for several decades, but, compared to oxide glasses, especially silicates; this class of vitreous materials is just emerging in particular in order to shape optical fibers. The main attention paid to these materials relies on their large optical window extending in the mid-infrared giving access to molecular fundamental vibrational modes shifted far in the IR. This exceptional transparency, associated with suitable viscosity/temperature dependence is a favorable context to seize the opportunity to develop innovative optical fibers for mid-infrared sensing. Such fibers have been used in various frames with different final users in biology with INSERM, medical diagnosis with the Public City Hospital in Rennes, for CO₂ detection to strike against the global warming or for the Darwin mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). For each application, a special strategy is implemented in material science and optical fiber engineering. The talk will be devoted to the description of the last achievements in the field. A focus will be proposed on the new pure-telluride glasses which enable to expand the spectral working window further in the mid-IR until 20 µm.

Biography

Bruno Bureau is a Professor, obtained his PhD on “Local order investigations in fluoride glasses by multinuclear solid state NMR” at the University of Maine in 1998. In 1999, he joined the Glass and Ceramic Laboratory at the University of Rennes for a position of Assistant Professor. He became full-Professor in 2006 and he has been the Co-Supervisor of 18 PhD. He is the Authors or Co-Authors of more than 140 papers and about 50 invited talks in the field of non-oxide glasses, infrared sensing, optical fibers, material and glass science, deposited patents, wrote 4 chapters of book. He received 5 awards, among which the Yvan Peychès award from the French Academy of Sciences in 2009. He co-founded the DIAFIR Company in 2011 and is now appointed to the “Institut Universitaire de France”.

[email protected]

Bruno Bureau et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Optical design and analysis of inorganic and organic nano/microscale structures for light harvesting

and sensing applications

Jae Su Yu

Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea

O

ver the past few years, light managements including anti-reflection, light scattering, and light trapping have been shown to be a promising approach to develop various optoelectronic and photonic devices and to improve their performance for optical sensing and energy harvesting applications. As an alternative of conventional anti-reflection layers, there has been much research on the nano- or micro-textured surfaces with efficient anti-reflection and light-scattering properties. Low-dimensional metal oxide nanostructures are very promising for photodetectors and sensors because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, to enhance light harvesting, anti-reflective structured polymers, for example, polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, etc., have been explored. Also, these structures can be employed in light-emitting diodes to enhance the light extraction efficiency. For this reason, an increasing attention has been recently given to functional nano/microstructured materials including nanowires/nanorods, nanophotonics, microtextures and biomimetic materials. For the nano/microstructures, various fabrication methods using growth/synthesis as well as dry/wet etching via nano/ micro patterning were developed. Therefore, optical design and analysis of nano/microscale structures are required for potential applications of various devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and sensors. In this talk, I present the fabrication and optical properties of inorganic and organic nano/microstructures for light harvesting and sensing applications. Also, to enhance the device performance, the geometrical and optical structures were designed and analyzed based on theoretical calculations. By applying these structures to optoelectronic and photonic devices, their characteristics were evaluated.

Biography

Jae Su Yu received the PhD degree in Optoelectronic Engineering from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, in 2002. He joined the Center for Quantum Devices, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, as a Post-doctoral Fellow in Oct. 2002, where he worked on the fabrication, packaging, and characterization of quantum cascade lasers. Since joining in Sept. 2006, he is a Tenured Professor in the Department of Electronic and Radio Engineering, Director of the Institute for Laser Engineering, and Kyung Hee Fellow, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea. He has authored or co-authored more than 240 journal papers. His research interests include solar cells, light-emitting diodes, optical sensors, miro/nanostructures, nanophotonics, phosphors, etc.

[email protected]

Jae Su Yu, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Unconventional thiophene materials for optoelectronics

Ewa Schab-Balcerzak

University of Silesia, Poland

D

uring the past few decades, processable organic semiconductors have been intensively studied due to their potential for a broad range of application in optoelectronics including e.g. organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic field effect transistors (FETs). Although remarkable progress has been made, the development of highly efficient and long-term stable optical and electrical devices is still a challenge. The milestones which stimulated the development of organic optoelectronics will be presented. After a brief introduction concerns the kinds of organic semiconductors together with their advantages and disadvantages, typical thiophene based materials will be discussed. The second part of this talk will be focused on unconventional compounds containing thiophene structures. Special emphasis will be put on compounds bearing imine linkages and/or aromatic imide rings. Thus, (poly)azomethines, (di)imides, azomethinenaphthaldiimides, azines and oth-ers selected bithiophene derivatives reported in the literature also by our research group will be presented. The selected, mainly luminescence, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of mentioned compounds making them an attractive for optoelec-tronics will be reported.

Biography

Ewa Schab-Balcerzak is a Professor at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, and head of the department of Polymer Chemistry. She is also a Professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences in the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials in Zabrze. She received her PhD in 1999 and DSc in 2010 from Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice and from Warsaw University of Technology, respectively. In 1999, she was a visiting researcher at LEMP/MAO at the University of Montpellier, France. From 2010 to 2002 she was a Post-Doctoral Research assistant in the Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials in Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan. In 2003, she worked at Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research in Golm, Germany. Her experience and main research interests are in the design, synthesis, and characterization of new processable polymers and low molecular weight compounds for optoelectronic and photonic applications. Her scientific achievements contain over 110 papers in refereed journals, a few book chapters and contributed to over 100 communications in conferences. She is a reviewer for prestigious journals and Editorial Board Member of a few journals.

[email protected]

Ewa Schab-Balcerzak, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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ZnO-based plasmonics

Sergey Sadofev

Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Germany

T

he interaction of metals with electromagnetic radiation gives rise to collective charge excitations called surface plasmonpo-laritons (SPPs). The potential of these coupled light-matter states for creating nano-scale photon-based circuits is the core of what is summarized today by the term “plasmonics”. We will show that strongly n-type ZnO is an excellent plasmonic material in the infrared spectral range. Using molecular beam epitaxy, we are able to generate free carrier concentrations of almost 1021 cm-3 by Ga-doping of ZnO without significant deterioration of the crystal perfection. In this way, a metallic dielectric function is formed with a negative-to-positive crossover of the real part tunable from mid infrared up to telecommunication wavelengths. The losses are at least one order of magnitude lower than for traditional metals. Fabrication of epitaxial multilayer structures with different doping level enables the formation of novel SPP dispersions that can be engineered in a unique way. In particular, SPPs at metal/metal-type interfaces exhibit finite frequencies in the long-wavelength limit, in marked contrast to metal/dielectric SPPs. Coupling of SPPs at adjacent interfaces allows for almost arbitrarily shaping of their dispersion curves for achieving, e.g., phase matching for nonlinear processes or even anomalous dispersion. Further, we resonantly couple these SPP states to molecular vibrations and observe a profound change of the molecular line shape from absorptive to dispersive and even anti-resonance behavior when adjusting the resonance detuning. Moreover, hybridization of cavity photons and surface plasmonpolaritons is observed defining novel routes for achieving and controlling stimulation phenomena in plasmonic systems.

Biography

Sergey Sadofev received his PhD in 2009 from Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin and completed Post-doctoral studies at Paul-Drude-Institutfür Festkörperelektronik. Since 2012 he is a Post-doctoral Research Associate at Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin. He has authored or coauthored more than 40 papers in the international journals. His recent work concerns ZnO-based hetero-structures and transparent conductive oxides for use in optoelectronics and plasmonics.

[email protected]

Sergey Sadofev, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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Optical fibre chemical sensors: Bio-medical application

Sergiy Korposh

The University of Nottingham, UK

O

ptical techniques are considered as powerful tools for the development of chemical and biological sensors, covering a wide range of applications. Sensing techniques based upon the use of optical fibre devices to probe the optical characteristics of nanomaterials that exhibit changes in their optical properties upon exposure to targeted chemical species are particularly attractive, due to their potential high sensitivity, selectivity, the ready ability to multiplex arrays of sensors, and the prospect for remote sensing. The variety of different designs and measurement schemes that may be employed using optical fibres provides the potential to create very sensitive and selective measurement techniques that can be deployed in real environments. The use of optical fibre sensors is finding increasing acceptance across a range of industrial sectors, with interest being driven by features of the technology that offer advantages over conventional measurement approaches in niche applications. The presentation will discuss the development of fibre optic chemical sensors modified with the sensitive materials and introduce methods used for the deposition of the sensitive layers based on layer-by-layer adsorption and molecular imprinting techniques. Examples of the practical applications of the developed fibre-optic chemical sensors in bio-medical field will be provided.

Biography

Sergiy Korposh joined University of Nottingham as a Lecturer in Electronics, Nanoscale Bioelectronics and Biophotonics in 2013. Since 2002 his research work has been devoted to the development and fabrication of chemical sensors based on a range of sensing platforms modified with functional nano-materials for various applications. He spent 8 years in Japan, as a Researcher and later as a Lecturer, where he worked mainly on the development of various facile methods for the preparation of advanced functional nano–materials. He has published over 50 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers, book contributions and holds a number of patents.

[email protected]

Sergiy Korposh, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013

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Ionizing radiation dosimetry with optical fibers

Dan Sporea

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Romania

O

ptical fibre based sensors constitute an exciting alternative to classical optical and/or electric sensors as they provide several exceptional advantages: small dimensions; low mass and footprint; multiplexing capabilities (temporal, wavelength); immunity to various hazards (fire, explosions) and electromagnetic interferences; extended communication bandwidth; possibility to handle multi parameter distributed configurations with remote control. Of a special interest is the use of intrinsic or extrinsic optical fibre sensors under irradiation conditions, as their performances in such environments has to be evaluated in relation (i) to their radiation reliability (how well they keep their basic characteristics unaltered by the radiation-matter interaction) or (ii) to the way they can act as radiation detectors/monitors. As radiation detectors or monitors, optical fibre sensors found their use in niche application such as: Particle accelerators, synchrotron installations, free electron lasers for scientific or industrial purposes (as transducers for dose rate, total dose, beam losses, beam profiling, and reconstruction of charge particle tracks); neutron, gamma-ray, beta ray distributed dosimetry; water and soil contamination monitoring. In the medical field, optical fibre sensors were applied in the dosimetry of ionizing radiation; dosimetry in computed tomography; sterilization of instrumentation. This talk describes different types of optical fiber based sensors for radiation monitoring and dosimetry. In the introduction various radiation effects on optical fibers and optical fiber based sensors will be presented and compared. The parameters of interest for these sensors such as: Sensitivity to radiation; energy dependence; recovery/stability; dynamic range and linearity will be discussed. Our results on the use of such sensors (intrinsic or extrinsic) in medicine, particle accelerators or synchrotrons, nuclear waste management, and distributed radiation fields mapping will be introduced.

Biography

Dan Sporea received the MS degree in Electronics Engineering from “Politehnica” University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1972 and a PhD degree in Physics Engineering from the Institute for Atomic Physics, Romania, in 1992. He is currently heading the Laser Metrology and Standardization Laboratory, at the National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Magurele, Romania. For the last four years he acted as technical Deputy Director for a project focused on the development of a research infrastructure – the Center for Advanced Laser Technology, which includes a PW-class laser. He coordinated several research projects for the European Fusion Program and over 15 national projects related to laser metrology, radiation effects in devices and materials, optical fiber sensors for critical installations. He holds one American patent and over 20 Romanian patents. He co-authored several book chapters on optical information processing, optoelectronics, optical fiber and optical fiber sensors in radiation environments. He coordinated Romanian participation to intercomparisons projects organized by NIST, the Laser Centrum Hanover, and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. His honors include among others the national patent award for an industrial equipment used in the evaluation of the quality of copper wire during the coating process. For more than six years he is the manager of the Center for Science Education and Training at INFLPR, educational center aiming to support science education at pre-university level.

[email protected]

Dan Sporea, J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

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Photonics technologies for 100 Gbps wireless communications

Juan Sebastián Rodriguez Páez1_,_{Idelfonso Tafur Monroy}1,2

1_{Technical University of Denmark, Denmark} 2_{TMO University, Russia}

T

here is an increasing demand for high capacity wireless communication technologies stemming from the requirement from 5G mobile wireless networking in combination with the proliferation of wireless devices affordable to a wider range of consumers. Moreover, the emergence of internet-of-things (IoT) is demanding to wireless connectivity to sensors and devices. In those scenarios wireless connectivity is much desired and it can be achieved by the use and or support of photonic technologies both for applications related to data transmission as sensing. This talk will review the demands and requirements for high capacity wireless data transmission links with capacities of 100 Gbps and beyond. We will present examples of signal generation, detection for such systems employing photonics technologies. We will also layout current research trends and open research challenges.

Biography

Sebastian Rodriguez received the B.Sc. (2011) and the M.Sc. (2014) in Electronic Engineering in the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, in Bogota, Colombia. He worked on Rohde & Schwarz as an Application Engineer on the Test and Measurement division. Now he is a Marie Currie fellow in the Department of Photonic Engineering of the Technical University of Denmark.

[email protected]

Juan Sebastián Rodriguez Páez et al., J Phys Chem Biophys 2015, 5:4

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.013