Introduction
Section 1 – Glossary ... 4
Section 2 – Player Types ... 7
Improving ... 7
Skilled ... 9
Tour-Caliber ... 10
Section 3 – Drivers ... 12
Clubhead Design ... 12
Loft and CG Location ... 14
Shaft Flex and Model ... 16
Shaft Length ... 18
Grip Selection ... 19
Section 4 – Fairway Woods ... 20
Clubhead Design ... 20
Loft ... 20
Shaft ... 21
Gapping ... 21
Section 5 – Rescue Clubs ... 22
Gapping ... 22 Section 6 – Irons ... 23 Clubhead Design ... 23 Shaft Material ... 25 Shaft Flex ... 26 Shaft Length ... 27 Lie Angle ... 29 Section 7 – Wedges ... 32 Clubhead Design ... 32 Effective Bounce ... 33 Lie Angle ... 34 Distance Gapping ... 35 Section 8 – Putters ... 36
Section 9 – Fitting Protocol Summary ... 41
CONTENTS
1 > Improving
A high handicapper who needs help getting the ball in the air, down the fairway and on the green, and who wants the most forgiving equipment he can fi nd.
2 > Skilled
A middle handicapper who needs forgiving equipment to help make up for his occasional inconsistencies and to enhance his distance and accuracy.
3 > Tour-Caliber
A low handicapper seeking premium equipment that enhances his performance while providing the kind of keen feedback and workability he prefers.
TaylorMade Golf Custom-Fitting Guide
Welcome to the TaylorMade Golf Custom-Fitting Guide, which details our simple, effi cient and effective system for fi tting your clients into the fi nest golf equipment available.
We’ll refer frequently to TaylorMade’s MATT system (Motion Analysis Technology by TaylorMade) throughout this manual, which is a revolutionary motion-capture system engineered to “place” a golfer into an animated, three-dimensional space. The MATT system allows us to measure a golfer’s body and club movements accurately to within tenths of a degree. The MATT system was originally designed for research and development purposes, as well as to provide the highest level of clubfi tting for TaylorMade’s Tour Staff professionals. However, it was recently made available to the public for both fi tting and
instruction. Data gathered from MATT helped us to establish and validate our method of clubfi tting, which we believe is the most advanced in the industry.
To achieve the most accurate recommendations, clubfi tters must use both static and dynamic
measurements. This manual defi nes and describes the static and dynamic measuring keys TaylorMade uses to ensure a successful fi t.
To fi t players more precisely, we’ve categorized them into three types:
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Glossary
In/Out Path
Defi nition: The angle of the clubhead path at impact relative to the target-line.
Infl uence on Shot Performance: An inside-out path promotes a draw. An outside-in path leads to a fade or slice.
Typical Values: Tour players tend to swing on an inside-out path; amateurs tend to swing on an outside-in path.
Clubface Angle
Defi nition: The angle at which the clubface points at impact, defi ned as either square, open or closed.
Infl uence on Shot Performance: A square clubface angle promotes a straight shot; an open clubface angle promotes a shot to the right; a closed clubface angle promotes a shot to the left. Clubface angle has a stronger infl uence on shot direction than an in-to-out swing path.
Typical Values: Tour players tend to deliver the clubface to the ball in a square position at impact in relation to their swing path, while amateurs have a tendency to leave the clubface open.
Up-Path/Down-Path
Defi nition: The path the clubhead travels on in relation to the ground just prior to and after impact. An up-path is when the clubhead moves upward and away from the ground (a positive number), while a down-path is when the clubhead moves downward and toward the ground (a negative number).
Infl uence on Shot Performance: Up-path promotes a high launch angle with low spin.
Typical Values: Tour players demonstrate a slight up-path when using a driver.
Impact Location
Defi nition: The precise location on the clubface where impact with the ball was made.
Infl uence on Shot Performance: When the impact location is away from the center of the clubface, initial ball speed will be slower and shot distance will be shorter. With metalwoods, when the impact location is higher on the face the ball will launch at a higher angle and at a lower spin-rate; when the impact location is lower on the face the ball will launch lower and at a higher spin rate. When the impact location is toward the toe the shot will start slightly to the right (for right-handed players); when the impact location is toward the heel the shot will start slightly to the left. With metalwoods, when the impact location is toward the toe the ball will start to the right but draw-spin will be imparted. When the impact location is toward the heel the ball will start to the left but fade-spin will be imparted.
Typical Values: A tour player’s impact location tends to be at the clubface center or very close to it, while the average amateur’s impact location varies signifi cantly.
Ball Speed
Defi nition: The speed of the ball immediately after impact, measured in miles per hour.
Infl uence on Shot Performance: Higher ball speed usually results in greater distance.
Typical Values: Ball speed depends on variables including clubhead speed, impact location and face angle, and varies from player to player.
Ideal Values: Use the player’s maximum achievable speed as their ideal ball speed.
Launch Angle
angle. With all clubs, a higher launch angle combined with the right amount of backspin will generally generate maximum distance.
Backspin
Defi nition: The rate at which the ball spins backward (the bottom of the ball moves toward the target and the top of the ball moves away from the target) immediately after impact, measured in revolutions per minute.
Infl uence on Shot Performance: Backspin works with the ball’s dimples to create lift, which helps keep the ball in the air. A higher rate of backspin creates more lift.
Typical Values: Backspin rates vary from player to player, from club to club, and from ball to ball.
Ideal Values: With a driver, the ideal backspin for maximizing distance varies according to ball speed and launch angle.
Defi ning the Player
Studying the swings of thousands of players using the TaylorMade MATT System led us to divide golfers into three categories — Improving, Skilled and Tour-Caliber — based on their ability and consistency. This section explores the different characteristics of each player category.
Improving
Improving golfers are generally beginners. Often, they don’t play regularly. They typically suffer from a variety of swing fl aws that detract from their distance and accuracy. The most common is an outside-in swing path. When combined with an open clubface at impact, the result is a distance-stealing slice.
Impact Consistency Inconsistent Inconsistent Clubhead Speed 60-80 70-95 Ball Speed 77 to 107 100-135 Distance 100-130 160-230 Greens In Regulation 0-to-3 Fairways Hit/Round 0-to-5 Up/Down Path 10° down to 3° up 1° up to 3° down In/Out Path Outside-In Outside-In Clubface Angle at Impact Open/Closed Open/Closed 6-IRON DRIVER
SECTION
2
An example of inconsistent impact locations. A too-steep down-path, which causes fat shots and large divots.
Positive up-path with irons promotes thin shots and little or no divots.
With driver, a slight down-path through impact yields a low launch angle and high rate of backspin.
Slower, less consistent hand rotation through impact tends to add loft to the club. In this case, a 6-iron’s loft has been effectively
Skilled
Compared to the Improving player, the Skilled player’s swing mechanics are generally better and his ball-striking is more consistent. His swing usually has fl aws, but he compensates for them well, and his mis-hits are less severe. His swing path generally ranges from slightly inside-out to slightly outside-in.
Impact Consistency Moderately Consistent Moderately Consistent Clubhead Speed 70-80 80-95 Ball Speed 92-107 115-135 Distance 130-155 190-230 Greens In Regulation/ Round 4 to 9 Fairways Hit/Round 5 to 10 Up/Down Path 0° to 6° down 1° up to 3° down In/Out Path 4° Outside-In to 4° Inside-Out 4° Outside-In to 4° Inside-Out Clubface Angle at Impact Open-to-Square Open-to-Square 6-IRON DRIVER
A skilled player generally has a more consistent and target-oriented swing path.
Generally achieves a square or slightly open clubface position at impact.
Consistent hand rotation allows for more consistent distance control.
Tour-Caliber
The Tour-Caliber player has little or no fl aws in his swing path or clubface angle, and his swing is very consistent. He is usually the most knowledgeable of the three player types about equipment and what he needs. Impact Consistency Very Consistent Very Consistent Clubhead Speed 80-90+ 95-110+ Ball Speed 101-122 135-160+ Distance 155-175+ 230-275+ Greens In Regulation/ Round 10+ Fairways Hit/Round 10+ Up/Down Path 3° down to 6° down 1° up to 5° up In/Out Path 0° to 4° Inside-Out 2° Inside-Out to 2° Outside-In Clubface Angle at Impact Open-to-Square Open-to-Square 6-IRON DRIVER
Generates power effectively and effi ciently through impact. Impact location near the center of the clubface promotes tighter shot dispersion.
A Tour-Caliber player’s down-path with a 6-iron typically ranges from 3º to 6º.
A Tour-Caliber player’s up-path with a driver typically ranges from 1º to 5º, promoting optimum distance.
Hand position at impact is slightly ahead of the ball, de-lofting the 6-iron to approximately 28º, allowing
Drivers
When fi tting a player into a driver you must recommend the proper: > Clubhead Design
> Loft & CG Location > Shaft Flex & Model > Shaft Length > Grip
Choosing a Clubhead Design
STATIC
When it comes to drivers, it’s critical to determine the type of head design that will benefi t the player most. Following are questions that will help you make the right determination;
In general, the better the player, the more fairways he hits, so the fi rst and most important question to ask is:
About how many fairways do you hit per round?
Fairways Hit/Round
0-5 Improving 5-10 Skilled 10+ Tour-Caliber
Driver Head Design
Be prepared that you’ll encounter exceptions. For example, a senior with a slower swing speed and higher handicap who nonetheless hits 8 to 12 fairways per round. Such a player will no doubt benefi t much more from a larger, distance-enhancing clubhead design.
Which is more important to you: Forgiveness or Workability?
In general, Improving players seek a large and stable clubhead with a low center of gravity (CG) that’s easy to launch and which forgives their mis-hits; Tour-Caliber players typically seek a smaller head with a higher CG that makes it easier to draw and fade the ball, and Skilled players seek a head that combines excellent forgiveness with a good degree of workability.
Preference
Forgiveness Improving Combination of Forgiveness and Workability Skilled Workability Tour-Caliber
Driver Head Type
Category FABs for Metalwood Head Design
Driver clubhead features engineered for the Improving player
Feature
Lowest and Deepest CG Location Higher Launch Angle Easy to Launch High and Long
Softens a Slice; Promotes a
Heel-Weighted Makes it Easier to Square the Face Distance-Enhancing Draw Optimize Launch Conditions Promotes Maximum Distance Movable Weight Technology™ and CG Location and Control
Advantage Benefi t
Driver clubhead features engineered for the Skilled player
Feature
Higher CG Location Lower and More Controllable Ball Flight Increased Control Neutral Weighting Choose Their Flight Pattern Increased Shot -Shaping
Optimize Launch Conditions Promotes Maximum Distance Movable Weight Technology™ and CG Location and Control
Advantage Benefi t
Driver clubhead features engineered for the Tour-Caliber player
Feature
Highest CG Location Lowest Ball Flight Optimal Control
Square-to-Open Face Alignment Visually Appealing Increased Confi dence and Accuracy Optimize Launch Conditions Promotes Maximum Distance Movable Weight Technology™ and CG Location and Control
DYNAMIC
If ball fl ight is too high:
> Try a lower loft
> Try a clubhead with a higher CG
> Reconfi gure the Movable Weight Technology™ (MWT) cartridges so that more weight is in the front
If ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too low:
> Check if impact location is too high, if so lower tee height
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a higher loft
> Try a clubhead with a lower CG
> Reconfi gure the MWT cartridges so that more weight is in the back
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too high:
> Check if impact location is too low, if so increase tee height
If ball fl ight is too far left:
> Reconfi gure the MWT cartridges so that more weight is on the toe
If ball fl ight is too far right:
> Reconfi gure the MWT cartridges so that more weight is on the heel
Choosing the Proper Loft and CG Location
DYNAMIC
Launch angle is the angle at which the ball leaves the clubface. Launch angle is critical to maximizing distance, thus it’s vital that you fi t the player with a driver loft that delivers the optimal launch angle. What is optimum launch angle? It ranges between 12 and 15 degrees, depending on the player’s clubhead speed.
Besides launch angle, spin-rate is also a crucial variable that must be managed.
Players that generate high initial ball speed need to combine a higher launch angle with a lower spin-rate, while players that produce lower initial ball speeds need to combine a higher launch angle with a higher spin-rate, which keeps the ball in the air longer to promote greater carry and distance.
In general, players with slower swing speeds or higher swing speeds will maximize their distance with a higher launch angle.
Guidelines for choosing driver loft based on swing speed: • 60 to 70 mph = 12-14 degrees loft
• 70 to 80 mph = 11-13 degrees loft • 80 to 90 mph = 10-12 degrees loft • 90 to 100 mph = 9-11 degrees loft • 100 mph + = 8-10 degrees loft
Ball speed can help you determine a player’s proper launch angle:
Typical Values Ball Speed (mph) Launch Angle (deg) Spin-Rate (rpm) Driver tour pro 170 12 2700 skilled 155 12 2800 avid player 140 12 3000 recreational 120 13 3000 senior/lady 100 15 3000
TaylorMade drivers with Movable Weight Technology (MWT) enable golfers to adjust the launch angle. Confi guring the MWT cartridges so that more weight is toward the rear of the clubhead moves the CG location rearward, which increases the effective launch angle. On the other hand, confi guring the MWT cartridges so that more weight is toward the front of the clubhead will move the CG forward, promoting a lower, more penetrating ball fl ight.
Additionally, TaylorMade drivers with MWT also allow you to position more weight on the toe to move the CG away from the shaft, which promotes a fade; or to position more weight on the heel to move the CG toward the shaft, which promotes a draw.
Selecting the Proper Shaft Flex and Model
STATIC
The fi rst step to fi tting a metalwood’s shaft fl ex is to start with the player’s clubhead speed. If you don’t have a tool to measure it, ask him about how far he hits his driver and refer to the chart below:
How far do you normally hit your driver?
Average Driver Distance 160 yards or less 160- 190 190- 230 230- 275 275+
Flex L M R S X
Clubhead Speed 70 mph or less 70 - 80 80 - 95 95 - 110 110+ Ball Speed 100 mph or less 100 - 115 115 - 135 135 - 160 160+
Category FABs for Driver Shafts
Shaft features that typically benefi t Improving players
Feature
Softest Tip Increases Load and Unload Easier to Launch
Square Face at Impact Most Torque Promotes Clubhead Rotation for Straighter Shots
Higher Trajectory for Lowest Flex Point Increases Launch Angle Longer Carry and Distance
Lightest Weight Increases Clubhead Speed Faster Ball Speed for Longer Distance
Advantage Benefi t
Shaft features that typically benefi t Skilled players
Feature
Medium Tip Moderate Stability Increased Control
Medium Torque Moderate Twisting Consistent Ball Flight
Mid Flex Point Medium Launch Angle Improved Launch Control
Strong Combination of Mid Weight Increased Clubhead Speed; Enhanced Feel Distance and Control
Advantage Benefi t
Shaft features that typically benefi t Tour-Caliber players
Feature
Stiffest Tip Maximum Stability Maximum Control
Lowest Torque Low Twisting Maximum Consistency
Highest Flex Point Lower Launch Angle Lower Trajectory
Heaviest Weight Enhanced Feel; Reduces Spin Maximum Control
DYNAMIC
It’s vital that the player’s shaft fl ex be correct, otherwise it will be diffi cult for him to square the clubface at impact. If the shaft is too stiff the clubface will tend to be open at impact, resulting in shots that fl y to the right. If the shaft is too soft, the clubface will tend to be closed through impact, resulting in shots that fl y to the left. Swing tempo plays a critical role in determining shaft fl ex. A player with a faster, more aggressive tempo may require a fi rmer shaft fl ex, while a player with a slower and smoother tempo may benefi t from a softer shaft fl ex.
Bear in mind that fl ex designations aren’t always consistent from one shaft brand to the next. In other words, one brand’s R-fl ex may be softer or stiffer than another brand’s R-fl ex.
Kick Point
“Kick point” (also known as the fl ex point or bend point) refers to the point in the shaft where it bends during the forwardswing. To optimize a player’s launch angle you have to fi t him with the proper fl ex point. A shaft with a low kick point usually features a fl exible tip that promotes a higher launch angle and higher trajectory. A shaft with a high kick point generally features a stiffer tip that promotes a lower launch angle for a lower trajectory.
Players with slower clubhead speeds typically benefi t from a lower kick point, which helps them get the ball in the air more easily, resulting in a higher trajectory, longer carry and greater distance. Players with higher clubhead speeds typically benefi t most from shafts with a higher kick point, which promote a lower launch angle for a lower, more controllable trajectory.
Feel
“Feel” pertains to a player’s sensation, or awareness, of the club and its position throughout the swing, and must also be considered when fi tting for a shaft. If the player achieves the desired ball fl ight, he will typically be comfortable with the way the shaft feels. Feel is critical — if a player is comfortable with the way a club feels he’s more likely to swing with confi dence and control.
Be aware that players sometimes confuse the feeling of stiffness with weight, often believing that a softer shaft feels heavy and that a stiffer shaft feels lighter.
If ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too high:
> Try a heavier shaft
> Try a shaft with a stiffer tip
If ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a lighter shaft
> Try a shaft with higher torque
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a shaft with a lower kick point > Try a lighter shaft
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too high:
> Try a heavier shaft
Choosing Length
DYNAMIC
MATT research has proven that a longer shaft widens the swing arc, equaling more clubhead speed. In some cases that comes at the expense of clubhead control. Less clubhead control leads to inconsistent impact location, equaling slower average ball speed. Often, however, added length will help the player achieve higher ball speed and increased distances.
TaylorMade’s Inverted Cone Technology (ICT) expands the size of the COR zone on the driver’s face to reduce ball-speed loss on off-center hits, proving extremely benefi cial to players that opt to increase the length of their driver in quest of added yardage.
Grip Selection
STATIC
The grip has to feel good in the player’s hands to instill confi dence and prevent distraction. Comfort is critical.
Fitting Grip Size
1. Have the golfer hold a standard-size grip.
2. Check the fi ngertips of the two middle fi ngers of the left hand for right-handed swingers and vice versa for left-handed players. They should rest lightly against the pad beneath the thumb.
3. If the fi ngertips are pressed fi rmly against the pad, or the fi ngernails dig into the pad, try the next larger grip size.
4. If the fi ngertips aren’t touching the pad, try the next smaller grip.
Arthritis, joint problems, carpal tunnel syndrome and long fi nger nails may affect the choice of grip size.
DYNAMIC
Recommending a Larger Grip
> Players who chronically release the club early, shutting the face before impact and producing right-to-left shots, may benefi t from a larger grip. A larger grip can quiet hand action, which slows the release to make it easier to square the face to the ball.
> Players with physical limitations such as arthritis may fi nd a thicker grip easier and less painful to hold securely.
Fairway Woods
When fi tting for fairway woods, fi rst fi nd out what type of head design will benefi t the player most by asking whether they want a fairway wood that’s easier to launch or easier to control. Improving players generally need something that’s easier to get in the air; Tour-Caliber players typically want a club that they can shape shots with in order to hit more fairways and greens; and Skilled players usually seek fairway woods that offer a good combination of distance and accuracy.
Category FABs for Fairway Wood Head Design
Titanium Fairways
Feature
Larger Head Size Increased MOI More Forgiving
CG farther back Higher Flight Greater Distance
Advantage Benefi t
Steel Fairways
Feature
Smallest Head Design Compact Look and Great Workability Increased Confi dence and Shot-Shaping Higher CG Flattest, Lowest Ball Flight Optimal Ball Flight
Advantage Benefi t
Head Design
The three key variables to consider when choosing a fairway wood head are face-depth, clubhead material and CG location.
Face-depth pertains to whether the face is shallow or deep. Shallow-faced fairway woods are better suited for players who generate more up-path through impact, while players who swing down through impact will benefi t more from a deeper face. Clubhead material refers to steel or titanium. Steel fairway woods are typically smaller, with higher CG locations; ideal for better players who want a more workable club and a lower, more controllable ball fl ight. In contrast titanium heads are typically larger, more forgiving, and feature a lower CG location; elements that make them easier to launch and easier to hit straight.
Loft
Players with lower swing speeds typically require more loft to get the ball high enough in the air and with enough spin to generate adequate carry and distance. Although it might seem counterintuitive, you should be prepared to weaken lofts beyond standard. For example, weakening the standard 15° loft of a 3-wood to 17° will help some players get more distance by giving them more carry. On the other hand, exceptionally fast swingers who generate a naturally high spin-rate may benefi t from a stronger loft, such as 13° or 14°, to keep the ball on a lower and more easily controlled fl ight.
Shaft
Tour-Caliber players with high swing speeds generally benefi t from a heavier fairway wood shaft, which increases control and helps reduce the spin-rate.
A good rule of thumb is to start the player with a shaft weighing ten grams more than their driver shaft. Ball fl ight should resemble that of the driver: high launch angle followed by a leveling off at the pinnacle. You can also try a shaft with a higher kick-point than their driver shaft.
Improving players with slower swing speeds will benefi t from a lighter shaft with a lower kick point, which will help them generate more clubhead speed, a higher launch angle and a higher spin-rate, all of which contribute to greater carry and distance.
Gapping
Pay attention to “gapping” between fairway woods, meaning the yardage gaps that exist from one to the next. Fairway woods produce higher launch angles and spin-rates than Rescues®, and Rescues produce
higher launch angles and spin-rates than long-irons. This is why you may see Tour-Caliber players change their set makeup depending on the course conditions.
If ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a titanium clubhead > Try a softer shaft
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a higher loft > Try a titanium head > Try a softer shaft
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too high:
> Try a titanium head with a heavier shaft and a higher kickpoint
If ball fl ight is too far left:
Rescue® Clubs
Rescue clubs are designed to replace long-irons. The Rescue’s lower CG makes it easier to launch, and its broad, smooth sole design slides through tall grass, making this club great for hitting from the rough. A Rescue’s ball fl ight is higher than the fl ight of the iron it replaces, but is lower than a comparable fairway wood.
When fi tting for a Rescue club, fi rst fi nd out which long-iron the player is most comfortable hitting, and which long-iron they’re the most uncomfortable hitting. For example, if he’s most comfortable using his 4-iron but rarely uses his 3-iron, start with a Rescue that’s equivalent to his 3-iron.
If ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a lighter-weight shaft with a lower kickpoint
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too low:
> Try a higher loft
> Try a lighter-weight shaft with a lower kickpoint
If ball fl ight is too low and spin-rate is too high:
> Try a higher loft with a heavier shaft
If ball fl ight is too far left:
> Confi gure more MWT cartridge weight in the toe and less in the heel > Try the Rescue TP
> Try a shaft with a stiffer tip
If ball fl ight is too far right:
> Confi gure more MWT cartridge weight in the heel and less in the toe > Try the standard Rescue
> Try a shaft with a softer tip
Gapping
Don’t assume that the player will average the same distance with a Rescue that he averages with the corresponding iron, for example a Rescue 3 versus a 3-iron. Generally (but not always), Rescue clubs deliver greater average distance because they’re more forgiving and their lower CG location promotes higher fl ight and longer carry. To manage distance gaps, try the following:
1. Increase or decrease the club’s length. The player should gain about 5 yards for every additional half-inch, and lose about 5 yards for every half-inch you subtract.
2. Switch shaft material and/or shaft weight. Lighter equals more swing speed for more distance, and vice versa.
Irons
When fi tting a player into irons you must recommend the proper: > Clubhead Design > Shaft Material > Shaft Flex > Shaft Length > Lie Angle > Grip
Clubhead Design
STATIC
The fi rst step to choosing the proper clubhead design is to identify the player’s individual needs. Ask him the following questions:
How many greens do you normally hit in regulation per 18 holes?
Based on his feedback, place him in the category that best describes his ability level:
G.I.R.
0-3 Improving 4-9 Skilled 10+ Tour-Caliber
Clubhead Design Type
Which is more important to you, forgiveness or workability?
Based on his feedback, place him in the category that best describes his preference:
Preference
Forgiveness Improving
Clubhead Design Type
Category FABs for Iron Head Design
The second step to choosing the proper clubhead design is to present the features, advantages and benefi ts of each design type, then decide which best serves the golfer’s preferences and needs. Iron features engineered for the Improving player
Feature
Largest Clubhead Size/
Most Perimeter Weighting Highest MOI Most Forgiving on Off-Center Hits
Thickest Top line Forgiving Look Inspires Confi dence
Widest Sole/Lowest CG Increased Launch Angle Easy to Launch / Great Distance Highest Degree of Offset Easiest Face to Square at Impact Straighter Shots
Advantage Benefi t
* Exception: A high-handicapper with a severe hook or pronounced draw may benefi t more from a slightly smaller clubhead design with less offset.
Iron features engineered for the Skilled player
Feature
Moderate Clubhead Size With Unites Look and Feel of a Tour-Caliber
Shallow Cavityback Iron with Increased MOI Combines Workability and Forgiveness Moderate Top Line Visually Appealing Inspires Confi dence
Higher CG Position Reduced Spin/Lower Ball Flight Increased Control and Workability
Conservative Offset Slight Draw Bias Straighter Shots
Advantage Benefi t
* Tour-Caliber players (including tour professionals) may also prefer this clubhead design if they’ve played it in the past and are accustomed to the look and feel.
Iron features engineered for the Tour-Caliber player
Feature
Compact Clubhead Size/Minimal or Tour-Proven Look, Feel and
no Cavityback Playability Great Feel and Feedback
Thinnest Top Line Visually Pleasing to Better Players Inspires Confi dence Highest CG Lowest Spin-Rate and Ball Flight Enhanced Control
Minimal Offset Minimal Directional Bias Tour Look and Maximum Workability
Advantage Benefi t
DYNAMIC
The fi nal step to determining the proper clubhead design is ball fl ight. If your initial recommendation fails to deliver the player’s preferred ball fl ight, refer to the chart below.
If ball fl ight is too high:
> switch to a clubhead design with a higher CG > try stronger lofts
If ball fl ight is too low:
> switch to a clubhead design with a lower CG
If the shot is too far left:
> switch to a clubhead design with less offset > try a fl atter lie angle
If the shot is too far right:
> switch to a clubhead design with more offset > try a more upright lie angle
Iron Shaft Material
STATIC
Steel or Graphite? Find out what the player plays and if he’s open to switching materials. The key difference between the two is weight — graphite is lighter, steel is heavier. Shaft weight signifi cantly affects the swing. A player loses swing speed if his shaft is too heavy, costing him distance. On the other hand, a player will sacrifi ce club control if the shaft is too light, which hurts accuracy.
A good rule of thumb is to narrow the selection down to the lightest shaft that the player can control, be it steel or graphite. That shaft will help him maintain swing balance, allowing him to hit the ball consistently solid and long. If he enjoys the feel of steel, but could benefi t from a lighter weight shaft, explore lightweight steel. Most lightweight steel shafts feature low kick points, play “softer” overall and produce a higher ball fl ight than heavier steel.
Remember that graphite also dampens vibration signifi cantly, making it a good choice for players with chronically sore wrists, elbows or shoulders. Heavier weight graphite is available for players that want vibration absorption in a heavier club.
Shaft Material Comparison
Graphite
Feature
Lighter Weight Increased Clubhead Speed More Distance
Lower Kick Point Higher Launch Angle Higher Ball Flight
Material Dampens Vibration Reduces Physical Stress and Fatigue
Advantage Benefi t
*Improving golfers generally require graphite shafts to promote increased clubhead speed, a higher launch angle and longer distance.
Steel
Feature
Heavier Weight Increased Control Excellent Feel for Club Position During the Swing
Higher Kick Point Lower Launch Angle Lower and More Controllable Trajectory
Material Increased Feedback Keen Sense of Feel at Impact
Advantage Benefi t
* Skilled golfers generally exhibit strong opinions about steel and graphite, and have a clear preference for one or the other. * Tour-Caliber golfers nearly always choose steel for its increased feel and control.
DYNAMIC
If ball fl ight is too high and/or spin-rate is too high:
> Try a heavier shaft
If ball fl ight is too low and/or spin-rate is too low:
> Try a lighter shaft
Feel
> If the player has little feel for club position during the swing, try a heavier shaft > If impact feels too harsh, try graphite
> If impact feels too harsh with graphite, try a softer fl ex
Selecting Shaft Flex
STATIC
“Flex” refers to the shaft’s degree of fl exibility. The dynamic forces of the golf swing cause a shaft to fl ex and twist in various directions. Shafts are engineered to fl ex and twist in specifi c locations, to specifi c degrees, and at specifi c swing speeds. A shaft’s characteristics have to complement the player’s swing characteristics for him to easily and consistently square the clubface at impact.
Different shaft models are designed for different types of players. A shaft designed to fl ex and twist according to the force generated by a player with a fast tempo will not behave the same way for a golfer with a slower tempo, and vice-versa. In general, stiffer (less-fl exible) shafts work better for faster swingers while softer, more fl exible shafts work better for slower swingers.
Using clubs with an incorrect shaft fl ex forces the player to make compensations to square the clubface at impact, which is why it’s absolutely vital to fi t the player with the proper shaft fl ex.
The fi rst step to fi tting shaft fl ex is to ask what kind of shaft the player currently uses, including fl ex; what his ball fl ight tendencies are; and if he wants to change his ball fl ight.
Next, gauge his clubhead speed. If you don’t have a tool to accurately measure it, ask how far his average 6-iron shots carry and refer to the chart below.
How far does your average 6-iron carry?
6-Iron Distance 100 yards or less 100-130 130-155 155-175 175+
Flex L M R S X
Clubhead Speed 60 mph & below 60-70 70-80 80-90 90+
Ball Speed 77 mph & below 77-92 92-107 107-122 122+
DYNAMIC
The fi nal steps to choosing the proper shaft fl ex is to:
1. Examine the player’s ball fl ight pattern
> If the fl ex is too stiff, the player will tend to leave the clubface open at impact, causing shots to fl y right.
> If the fl ex is too soft, the player will tend to close the clubface at impact, causing shots to fl y left. > If the shaft is too soft, the player’s shot dispersion rate will tend to be signifi cantly wider.
2. Evaluate feel
> Ask if the shaft feels too soft and “whippy,” or too stiff and “board-y,” and adjust accordingly.
Choosing Length
STATIC
The goal of fi tting players for proper club length is to allow them to assume an athletic address position. A very tall player will stoop too much with a standard-length club, while a very short player will stand too upright. You’ll perform a great service for uncommonly taller and shorter players by custom-fi tting them with club lengths that fi t.
If the player doesn’t know the length of his clubs, refer to the chart below.
Height Wrist-to-Floor Recommended
Measurement Club Length
> 6’ 8” > 42” + 2” 6’ 6” - 6’ 8” 41” - 42” + 1.5” 6’ 4” - 6’ 6” 40” - 41” + 1” 6’ 2” - 6’ 4” 38.5” - 40” +.5” 6’1 - 6’2” 37” - 38.5” +.25” 5’ 7” - 6’ 1” 34” - 37” standard 5’ 4” - 5’ 7” 32” - 34” - .25” 5’ 2” - 5’ 4” 29” - 32” - .5” 5’ - 5’ 2” 27” - 29” - 1” 4’ 10” - 5’ 25” - 27” - 1.5” < 4’ 10” < 25” - 2”
DYNAMIC
It’s crucial that you verify the accuracy of the player’s height and wrist-to-fl oor measurement, as both are key to determining proper club length. Additionally, you may want to take into account the player’s clubface impact pattern. Determine the impact pattern by positioning iron impact tape on the face of the 6-iron and having the player hit fi ve or six shots. Observe the impact locations and refer to the chart below for recommendations.
Consider a shorter length; consider replacing long irons with Rescue clubs.
Try shorter length irons; have the player stand farther from the ball.
No change necessary.
Try longer length irons; have the player stand closer to the ball.
NOTE: If the player demonstrates consistent impact toward either the toe or heel, it could be the effect of playing irons with an improper lie angle for a long period.
Final step in choosing length:
Keep in mind during the rest of the fi tting process how club length affects ball fl ight, and be prepared to make adjustments. Longer length clubs typically generate a higher spin-rate and higher ball fl ight, while shorter length clubs typically generate a lower spin-rate and lower ball fl ight.
Lie Angle
STATIC
Research indicates that lie angle is most effectively measured dynamically. However, it can be generalized that taller players require a more upright lie angle and shorter players a fl atter lie angle.
DYNAMIC
Lie angle at address doesn’t typically match lie angle at impact. That’s because the shaft normally
“droops” at impact, bent by the forces of the downswing. Therefore the club’s lie angle at address can be misleading, and must be assessed at impact with a full swing.
The Objective of Achieving Proper Lie Angle with Irons
When fi tting for proper lie angle with irons, your objective is to ensure that the iron’s sole is fl ush with the ground at impact. If the lie angle is too upright or too fl at, accuracy and distance will suffer. If the clubhead is toe-up at impact — an indication that the lie angle is too upright — the heel will contact the ground fi rst. That makes it diffi cult, if not impossible, to achieve an impact location high enough on the center of the clubface to achieve maximum ball speed and spin-rate. Additionally, on fat shots the clubface will close before impact and the shot will go left.
Lie Angle Too Upright • Heel portion of the sole
contacts the ground • Tilted (draw) spin axis • Promotes shots to the left • Promotes thin shots • Calls for a fl atter lie angle
Correct Lie Angle
• Sole is fl ush to the ground at impact • Promotes solid impact
• Level (straight) spin axis
• No lie angle adjustment necessary
If the clubhead is consistently fl ush to the ground at impact, the lie angle is correct. A correct lie angle promotes a straight and accurate ball fl ight, as well as better results on off-center hits and thin and fat shots.
Lie Angle Too Flat
• Toe portion of the sole contacts the ground
• Tilted (fade) spin axis • Promotes pushed shots
• Calls for a more upright lie angle
If the clubhead is toe-down at impact it indicates that the lie angle is too fl at. The tilt of the clubhead creates a right-bias that promote shots that go right. The toe will contact the ground fi rst, making it diffi cult, if not impossible to achieve solid impact and to achieve maximum ball speed and spin-rate. Additionally, on fat shots the clubface will open before impact.
Additionally, on fat shots the clubface will close before impact. HEEL TOE HEEL TOE HEEL TOE
The traditional method of assessing lie angle is to apply lie tape to the club’s sole and have the player hit several shots off a lie board. Marks on the lie tape near the heel indicate that the lie is too upright; marks near the toe indicate that the lie is too fl at. Typically, for each quarter-inch the impact mark on the sole tape is away from the sole’s center, the lie angle should be adjusted one degree. If toward the toe, more upright; if toward the heel, fl atter.
The Relationship Between Club Length and Lie Angle
As mentioned earlier, taller players typically require a more upright lie angle than normal in their irons, and shorter players require a fl atter lie angle. However, other variables affect impact lie angle such as the player’s address posture and how his hands are positioned at address and impact, either high or low. Because of that, a suitable lie angle cannot always be properly prescribed based on the player’s height and wrist-to-fl oor measurement.
It’s important that you understand that club length affects an iron’s effective lie angle. For every half-inch you add or subtract, the lie angle will be affected by one degree. For example, if you take a standard-length iron with a standard loft angle and increase the standard-length by a half-inch, the lie angle effectively becomes one degree upright. Decrease the length by a half inch and the lie angle effectively becomes one degree fl at.
In rare cases when the extreme lie angles of 4° upright or 4° fl at don’t allow the player to achieve level impact, try adjusting the shaft length.
Wedges
Because wedges are used to hit a wide variety of shots from a wide variety of lies, fi tting wedges is arguably the most diffi cult part of custom fi tting. We have broken down wedge-fi tting into a simple but effective process.
Choosing Head Design
STATIC
Suggest a head design based on the player’s response to the following questions. In most cases, the choice of wedge design will be consistent with the design chosen for their irons.
1. Which circle do you most often put the ball on a typical wedge shot?
2. Which head design features are most important to you?
Clubhead DesignDistance / Forgiveness Improving
Forgiveness / Spin Skilled
Spin / Versatility Tour-Caliber
Player Type
Wedge features benefi cial to Improving players:
> Larger head size > Wider Sole > Lower CG
> Perimeter Weighting > Offset
> Minimum to Moderate Bounce
Wedge features benefi cial to Skilled players:
> Moderate Head Size > Moderate Sole Width > Slight Perimeter Weighting > Slight Offset
> Moderate Bounce
Wedge features benefi cial to Tour-Caliber players:
> Smaller Head Size > Narrow Sole
> Softened Leading and/or Trailing Edges > Raised CG
> Little to No Offset > Increased Loft Options > Moderate Bounce
Effective Bounce
Effective Bounce is a combination of the following design elements: > Bounce
> Sole Width > Sole Camber
DYNAMIC
Down Path/Angle of Approach
The angle at which the player’s clubhead approaches the ball, also known as the angle of approach, is critical to fi tting him with the right wedge.
Shallow Angle of Approach
Improving players generally exhibit a shallow angle of approach, producing short and shallow divots, and sometimes no divot at all.
Medium Angle of Approach
Skilled players generally exhibit a medium angle of approach, producing divots of average size and depth.
Steep Angle of Approach
Tour-Caliber players generally exhibit a steep angle of approach, producing longer and signifi cantly deeper divots for shots that fl y lower with a higher degree of backspin.
Lie Angle
The lie of a player’s wedges should generally mirror that of his irons. Since the wedges are the most lofted clubs and produce the highest degree of spin — in the 10,000 rpm range — the correct lie angle is vital. For Tour-Caliber players, consider choosing the lie angle for each wedge based upon the most common shot he hits with that wedge.
Club Length: Generally, the length of a player’s wedges should be consistent with the rest of his irons, i.e., if his irons are a half-inch longer than standard, his wedges should be, too. However, some players prefer all of their wedges to be the same length. Other players prefer their wedges signifi cantly shorter in length to promote added clubhead control and accuracy.
Shaft Flex: Generally, the wedges’ fl ex should be consistent with that of the rest of the irons. However, many tour pros favor the feel of a slightly softer fl ex in their wedges. For players who prefer to make short, abrupt wedge swings, a stiffer fl ex promotes increased control and accuracy.
Distance Gapping
Fitting a set of wedges based on loft gaps is often effective, however the ideal way to fi t a wedge is to ask the player what kind of distance he wants to achieve with his wedges. Then have him try different lofts until you fi nd the ones that deliver his desired distances.
According to the chart below, a player whose clubhead speed with driver is 100 mph hits his pitching wedge 120 yards. Suppose he wants one wedge that delivers 100 yards on a full swing and another that delivers 85 yards on a full swing. The chart indicates a 58° and 54° should fulfi ll his needs.
SECTION
8
Putters
Many players don’t think it’s important to be fi t for a putter, yet when you consider that putts account for up to one-third of the strokes taken in a given round, it becomes clear that a well-fi t putter can make a signifi cant impact on a player’s scorecard.
The objective when putter-fi tting is to recommend a club that 1) satisfi es the player in terms of look and feel; 2) that they have confi dence in aiming; 3) that feels right in terms of length and swing weight; 4) whose sole lies fl ush against the putting surface at address; 5) that feels and sounds pleasing at impact; and 6) that launches the ball with forwardspin or minimal backspin to promote a smooth and accurate roll. Achieving all of the above means taking into careful account the putter’s head style, hosel confi guration, lie, loft, length and grip.
Head style and hosel confi guration
The most common putterhead styles include: > Blade
> Mallet > High MOI
Blade
Blade-style putters generally feature a rectangular head shape that is fairly thin and incorporates a straight leading- and trailing-edge. The blade is the most common type of putter.
Mallet
Mallet putters generally feature a rounded rear edge that creates a half-moon shape when viewed at address.
High MOI
High MOI putters come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Most are engineered to deliver high MOI (moment of inertia), which promotes excellent stability and forgiveness on mis-hits.
The CG of a High MOI putter is typically far back in the head, which promotes a high launch angle and lower spin-rate for a smoother roll. Be aware, however, that for that reason these types of putters are typically engineered with less loft than traditional putters in order to reduce the launch angle and promote forward roll. (As with all golf clubs, when loft is decreased, launch angle and backspin rate are reduced. A 7° driver delivers a lower launch angle and lower spin-rate compared to a 12° driver.)
Hosels
> The way the hosel is designed can help certain players square the clubface to the ball at impact. > The size and shape of the hosel contributes to the putter’s overall look.
Face-Balanced vs. Toe-Down
A putter is either “Face-Balanced” or “Toe-Down.” You can tell by balancing the putter on its shaft at its CG, then checking the orientation of the putterface. If the face is parallel to the ground, the putter is Face-Balanced. If the toe droops below the heel, the putter is Toe-Down. The hosel, depending on its shape, size and position, often affects whether the putter is face-balanced or toe-down. In general, the longer the hosel, the closer to balanced the face will be. As the hosel length increases, the shaft’s axis moves closer to the putterhead’s CG.
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Performance of Face-Balanced vs. Toe-Down
> It’s easier to open and close the face of a Face-Balanced putter during the stroke because the shaft axis is closer to the center, or CG, of the putterhead. That’s an advantage for players who try to keep the putterface square to the target as they swing back and through. Conversely, it’s a disadvantage to players who open the putterface going back and release the putterface going through.
> The farther the shaft axis is away from the CG of the putterhead, the more Toe-Down the putter will be. Toe-Down putters are harder to rotate open and closed during the stroke. That’s an advantage to players who open and close the putterface as they swing, and a disadvantage to players who keep the face square.
Face Angle at Impact
One of the most important goals of putter-fi tting is to help the player choose a putter with which he can consistently achieve a square face at impact. Rossa® research indicates that face angle at impact plays a
bigger role in determining the direction the putt rolls than swing path does.
Players who leave the putterface open at impact (more then one degree) should try a Face-Balanced putter, the dynamics of which will help them rotate the face back to square.
NOTE: Some players won’t be sensitive to whether the putter is Face-Balanced or Toe-Down.
Swing Path
The most important variable of putting is that the clubface must be square at impact. That’s more important than path. Path can be fl awed, but it’s critical that the putter you fi t the player into is one that he can square to the ball at impact consistently.
Lie Angle
The objective of fi tting for the proper lie angle is to get the putter’s sole into a fl ush position in relation to the ground, so that neither the toe nor the heel is raised off the ground.
> Toe Up — If the toe of the putter points up at address, the lie angle is too upright, which can promote missing to the left. > Toe Down — If the heel is off the ground at address, the lie angle
is too fl at, which can promote missing to the right.
Loft
The putter’s shaft angle at impact is critical to achieving favorable loft at impact. The more that a player forward presses with his hands (moves his hands ahead of the ball before starting the backswing), the more the putter is de-lofted at impact. Conversely, the
farther a player positions his hands behind the ball (backward press), the more loft is added before impact. Both situations affect the way
Length
To fi t the player for correct putter length, have him assume his address position without a club, with his eyes over the ball and his arms hanging naturally, in a position where he can move his shoulders and his arms in a connected and pendulum-like motion. The correct length is whatever fi ts naturally into this stance. Standard putter lengths vary from 33 to 35 inches, however some players may crouch more, dictating a shorter shaft, or stand taller, dictating a longer shaft.
Remember that putting set-ups and styles vary greatly from player to player. It’s up to you to recommend whether he will benefi t from a length similar to what he’s been using, or whether he’ll make a better stroke and improve his putting by switching to something longer or shorter.
Grip
The style of the putter grip is mostly a matter of player preference. However, grip size can affect stroke mechanics. Players interested in minimizing their wrist action should try a thicker grip. Players who tend to block the release of the putterhead, leaving the face open at impact, can activate their wrist action with a smaller grip diameter.
SECTION
9
Fitting Protocol Summary
Driver
Determine the golfer’s skill level and investigate his current driver.
> Note the model, loft, shaft, shaft fl ex and length.
> Find out how it performs for him to determine what type of driver will improve the quality of his shots.
Choose the TaylorMade driver that’s closest to his gamer.
Determine whether the loft is correct.
Optimum launch angle is between 12º and 15º, depending on his ball speed. The slower the ball speed, the more spin is needed to keep the ball in the air. The faster the ball speed, the less spin is needed.
Choose the correct shaft fl ex and dynamics.
> Flex can be determined by the distance the player hits his driver.
> Dynamics consist of the weight, kick point and torque. Refer to the corrective ball fl ight chart below.
Change the MWT cartridge confi guration to adjust the launch angle, spin-rate and
shot direction.
Choose the proper length according to the player’s preference, height and wrist-to-fl oor
measurement.
Corrective Ball Flight Chart
Too Low/ Too Much Spin
Higher loft Heavier shaft Adjust tee height
Too High/Too Much Spin
Lower Loft Heavier shaft Stiffer tip less torque
Irons
Get to know the player’s preferences and handicap level.
> Does he want to hit the ball high or low? Draw, fade or straight?
> Let him choose a clubhead design that he likes looking at, then guide him into a clubhead design that will help him hit the type of shot he prefers.
Allow him to choose the shaft material.
Explain the features and benefi ts of graphite and steel, emphasizing which material will allow him to accomplish his desired objectives, including ball fl ight.
Choose a shaft fl ex based on how far he hits his irons.
> Watch his ball fl ight to make sure he’s in the proper fl ex.
> Right-to-left ball fl ight means the fl ex is too soft, while left-to-right means the fl ex is too stiff. > If his ball fl ight is too high and spin-rate is too high then the shaft is too soft; if his ball fl ight is
too low and spin-rate is too low then the shaft is too stiff.
Determine the proper club length according to what the player is accustomed to and/or refer to
the wrist-to-fl oor ruler on the cart.
> For every ½" added to the shaft, the club will play 1 degree more upright; for every ½" subtracted from the shaft, the club will play 1 degree fl atter.
Determine the proper lie angle by using the lie board.
> If the mark is toward the toe, the lie angle needs to be more upright (ball fl ight will move right). > If the mark is toward the heel, then the lie angle needs to be fl atter (ball fl ight will move left).
Choose the proper grip size by having a player grip a standard grip.
> The fi ngertips of his top hand should lightly touch the pad at the base of his thumb. A gap indicates that the grip is too large; if the fi ngertips rest too snugly against the pad, the grip is too small. > Watch his ball fl ight — a grip that’s too large promotes a slice, while a grip that’s too small
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