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Digital games

Digital games

history and genres

history and genres

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

The history of digital games is of course closely

related to the development of computers…

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

1958: ”Tennis for two”

The first ”computer” game (non-digital) made for BNL-labs visitors day

William Higinbotham Analogue computer

Vacuum tubes and relays

Oscilloscope

was used as monitor

Not patented

Magnavox won the patent later.

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

1961:

Space War

– Wedge vs.Needle

The first digital computer game

(2)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

1961:

Space War

– vector monitor

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

1961:

Space War

– the creators at M.I.T

1971:

Computer Space

– Wedge vs.Needle

The first arcade game (”coin-op” game)

Also as arcade game 1972

1972:

Pong

(Ralph Baer)

The first console game

(3)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Asteroids (Atari) 1979 Space Invaders (Taito) 1978

”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres Pac-man (Namco) 1980

”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Donkey Kong (Nintendo) 1981

”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Handheld ”Donkey Kong” (Nintendo) 1982

"The Golden Age of Arcade Games" ends and different kinds of home systems take over

The game console Nintendo NES

(4)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Home computers (at reasonable prices)

is introduced

Apple ][ + (1979)

with floppy drives and monitor

Apple ][ (April 1977)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Commodore Vic 20 (1980)

20 million sold worldwide

Commodore 64 (1982-1993)

„

Will Crowther

programmer at BBN

(5)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

1975: The first Adventure Game

„

Will Crowther

programmer at BBN

„ Amateur cave surveyor

and D&D-player

Mammoth Cave, Kentucky

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres „

Will Crowther

programmer at BBN

„ Amateur cave surveyor

and D&D-player

„ Programmed

”Adventure: The Colossal Cave” to his daughters, 1975 „

Don Woods

programmer at Stanford AI Lab „ Contacted Crowther 1976 via Internet: crowther@sitenameand asked for permission to develop the game further.

1975: The first Adventure Game

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

More Adventure Games follows

„

1980: Zork (for Apple ][)

„

1984-1998: Kings Quest-series (I-VIII)

„

LucasArt's Point-and-Click games

1986: Maniac Mansion for Commodore 64

LucasArt’s also did the Monkey Island-series (1990-2000)

„

1993-2005: The Myst-series (I-V)

„

2002-2004: Syberia I och II

„

2005: World of Warcraft

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Genre:

„ Classification based on criteria that suit the form of art

„ In all art forms, genres are vague categories with no fixed boundaries. „ Genres can be divided into sub-genres

„ Some criteria for genres of digital games: „ History

„ Platform (hardware) „ Number of players

„ Location (stationary games, mobile games, pervasive games) „ Distribution (online or not)

„ Comprehensive goal (pastime, educational, serious games etc.) „ Narrative and diegetic world, Horror, Sci-Fi etc

„ Gameplay, the player experience (most fruitful and common) „ Terms indicating the number of players:

„ SP – Single Player „ MP – Multi player (2 – 64) „ MMP – Massive Multi Player (64+) „ Two examples of genre classification

http://www.mobygames.com/browse/games http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_genres

(6)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

Two categories based on what is expected of the player:

Action

Thinking

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Roger Caillois: Man, Play and Games (1958)

Agôn (competition) Alea (chance) Mimicry (simulation) Ilinx (vertigo)

Genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up

Space Invaders (Taito) 1978

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up

Spilbury's Classic Arcadegames

(7)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up

„ Platform games

Donkey Kong (Nintendo) 1981

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up

„ Platform games

Super Mario Sunshine (Nintendo) 2002

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games

„ Racing games

Nightdriver (Atari) 1976

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games

„ Racing games

(8)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games Tennis (Activision) 1981

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games NHL-06 (EA Sports) 2005

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS

Doom (Id Software) 1993

First-person Shooter (FPS)

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS

Half-Life 2 (Valve Software) 2004

(9)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS

Counter Strike (Valve Software) 1999

First-person Shooter (FPS)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS

Tomb Raider Legends (Eidos) 2006

Third-person Shooter (TPS)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Fighting games Exploding Fist (C64 1985)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Fighting games

(10)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Fighting games „ Strategy games

Civilization III (Sid Meyer) 2001

Turned-based strategy

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Fighting games „ Strategy games

Warcraft III (Blizzard) 2003

Real-time strategy (RTS)

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games

(11)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games

Microsoft Flight Simulator 2002

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games

The Sims (EA Games, Will Wright) 2000

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games

The Sims 2 (EA Games, Will Wright) 2004

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games

(12)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games

Maniac Mansion (LucasArts) 1986

Point-and-click game

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games Syberia (Microids) 2002

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games

The 1st Dungeons & Dragon game 1974

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games

Login screen MUD 1970:s

(13)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games

Ultima 1 (Richard Garriott) 1981

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games

Ultima Online (Richard Garriott) 1997

The murder of Lord British

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games

World of Warcraft (Blizzard) 2005

MMORPG

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games „ Puzzles/board games Non-digital games

(14)

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games „ Puzzles/board games Digital games

Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola

Game history and genres

Genres

„ Shoot ’em up „ Platform games „ Racing games „ Sports games „ FPS/TPS „ Strategy games „ Fighting games „ Simulation games „ Adventure games „ Roleplaying games „ Puzzles/board games „ Edutainment

Flash-games online

http://www.gamezarena.com/puzzle/ http://escapetheroom.blogspot.com/ http://www.aooa.co.uk/# http://www.teagames.com/ http://www.hamsterpaj.net/underhallning/

References

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