Digital games
Digital games
–
–
history and genres
history and genres
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
The history of digital games is of course closely
related to the development of computers…
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
1958: ”Tennis for two”
The first ”computer” game (non-digital) made for BNL-labs visitors day
William Higinbotham Analogue computer
Vacuum tubes and relays
Oscilloscope
was used as monitor
Not patented
Magnavox won the patent later.
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
1961:
Space War
– Wedge vs.Needle
The first digital computer gameUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
1961:
Space War
– vector monitor
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
1961:
Space War
– the creators at M.I.T
1971:
Computer Space
– Wedge vs.Needle
The first arcade game (”coin-op” game)Also as arcade game 1972
1972:
Pong
(Ralph Baer)
The first console game
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Asteroids (Atari) 1979 Space Invaders (Taito) 1978
”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres Pac-man (Namco) 1980
”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Donkey Kong (Nintendo) 1981
”Golden Age of Arcade Games” 1978-1983
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Handheld ”Donkey Kong” (Nintendo) 1982
"The Golden Age of Arcade Games" ends and different kinds of home systems take over
The game console Nintendo NES
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Home computers (at reasonable prices)
is introduced
Apple ][ + (1979)
with floppy drives and monitor
Apple ][ (April 1977)
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Commodore Vic 20 (1980)
20 million sold worldwide
Commodore 64 (1982-1993)
Will Crowther
programmer at BBN
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
1975: The first Adventure Game
Will Crowther
programmer at BBN
Amateur cave surveyor
and D&D-player
Mammoth Cave, Kentucky
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Will Crowther
programmer at BBN
Amateur cave surveyor
and D&D-player
Programmed
”Adventure: The Colossal Cave” to his daughters, 1975
Don Woods
programmer at Stanford AI Lab Contacted Crowther 1976 via Internet: crowther@sitenameand asked for permission to develop the game further.1975: The first Adventure Game
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
More Adventure Games follows
1980: Zork (for Apple ][)
1984-1998: Kings Quest-series (I-VIII)
LucasArt's Point-and-Click games
1986: Maniac Mansion for Commodore 64
LucasArt’s also did the Monkey Island-series (1990-2000)
1993-2005: The Myst-series (I-V)
2002-2004: Syberia I och II
2005: World of Warcraft
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Genre:
Classification based on criteria that suit the form of art
In all art forms, genres are vague categories with no fixed boundaries. Genres can be divided into sub-genres
Some criteria for genres of digital games: History
Platform (hardware) Number of players
Location (stationary games, mobile games, pervasive games) Distribution (online or not)
Comprehensive goal (pastime, educational, serious games etc.) Narrative and diegetic world, Horror, Sci-Fi etc
Gameplay, the player experience (most fruitful and common) Terms indicating the number of players:
SP – Single Player MP – Multi player (2 – 64) MMP – Massive Multi Player (64+) Two examples of genre classification
http://www.mobygames.com/browse/games http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_genres
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Two categories based on what is expected of the player:
Action
Thinking
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Roger Caillois: Man, Play and Games (1958)
Agôn (competition) Alea (chance) Mimicry (simulation) Ilinx (vertigo)
Genres
Genres
Shoot ’em upSpace Invaders (Taito) 1978
Genres
Shoot ’em up
Spilbury's Classic Arcadegames
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up
Platform games
Donkey Kong (Nintendo) 1981
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up
Platform games
Super Mario Sunshine (Nintendo) 2002
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games
Racing games
Nightdriver (Atari) 1976
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games
Racing games
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games Tennis (Activision) 1981Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games NHL-06 (EA Sports) 2005Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPSDoom (Id Software) 1993
First-person Shooter (FPS)
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPSHalf-Life 2 (Valve Software) 2004
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPSCounter Strike (Valve Software) 1999
First-person Shooter (FPS)
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPSTomb Raider Legends (Eidos) 2006
Third-person Shooter (TPS)
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Fighting games Exploding Fist (C64 1985)Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Fighting gamesUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Fighting games Strategy gamesCivilization III (Sid Meyer) 2001
Turned-based strategy
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Fighting games Strategy gamesWarcraft III (Blizzard) 2003
Real-time strategy (RTS)
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation gamesGenres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting gamesUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation gamesMicrosoft Flight Simulator 2002
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation gamesThe Sims (EA Games, Will Wright) 2000
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation gamesThe Sims 2 (EA Games, Will Wright) 2004
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure gamesUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure gamesManiac Mansion (LucasArts) 1986
Point-and-click game
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Syberia (Microids) 2002Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying gamesThe 1st Dungeons & Dragon game 1974
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying gamesLogin screen MUD 1970:s
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying gamesUltima 1 (Richard Garriott) 1981
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying gamesUltima Online (Richard Garriott) 1997
The murder of Lord British
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying gamesWorld of Warcraft (Blizzard) 2005
MMORPG
Ulf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying games Puzzles/board games Non-digital gamesUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres
Genres
Shoot ’em up Platform games Racing games Sports games FPS/TPS Strategy games Fighting games Simulation games Adventure games Roleplaying games Puzzles/board games Digital gamesUlf Hagen, Södertörns Högskola
Game history and genres