Detroit Area Study: A study of the Civil Military Interface and the Application of Laboratory Methodologies in a survey setting

MAY-JUNE, 1973

PROJECT 468581 INTERVIEW NUMBER

BLOCK NUMBER

SEGMENT LISTING SHEET LINE NO. D m O I T AREA STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

A STUDY OF THE CIVILMILITARY mERFACE AND

THE

APPLICATION OF LABORATORY METHODOLOGIES I N A SURVEY SFITING

Date of i n t e r v i e w (month and d a y ) ~ ' i m e s t a r t e d ( p l u s A.M. or P.M.) f Time completed ( p l u s A.M. or P.M.

TREATMENT CONDITIONS - -

1 PHYSICAL

121

SOCIAL &COGNITIVE

2 WHITE MALE

a

BLACK MALE WHITE FEMALE BLACK FEMALE

3

@J

,

ACHIEV- NO ACHIEVEMEWr

4

1

1

)

SATIATION

@

DEPRIVATION

5

HIGH

DEPENDENCY

121

LOW DEPENDENCY NO DEPENDENCY

6

11( John a t t h e t o p o f c o l l e g e

class

@

2 Anne a t the t o p o f c o l l e g e

class

Race o f I n t e r v i e w e r

3

1

OTHER ( S p e c i f y )

j'iTIME STARTED

F i r s t , w e t r e i n t e r e s t e d i n g e t t i n g your opinions on t h e military.

1. How do you f e e l about t h e U.S. replacing t h e draft w i t h an all-volunteer

army?

Do you s t r o n g l y approve, approve, disapprove, o r strongly disapprove?

(CHECK ONE)

1

(

STRONGLY APPROVE

2

1

APPROVE

3

0

NEITHER APPROVE NOR DISAPPROVE

0

DISAPPROVE

5

0

STRONGLY DISAPPROVE 8

0

DON'T KNOW

'

/

I

I 2. When a nation g e t s involved i n a w a r , who i s usually most responsible

--

p o l i t i c h n s , t h e m i l i t a r y , o r t h e business community?

! 1

0

POLITICANS

I

2

1

THE MIMILITARY

3

1

BUSINESS COMMUNITY

4

1

"Combination" o r " A l l three" 7

0

Other (Specify)

(HAND R CARD 1) Now I ' m going t o read some statements t h a t you might agree o r d i s a g r e e with. Would you look a t this card, and a f t e r I read each s t a t e - ment, would you t e l l me i f you s t r o n g l y agree, agree, disagree, o r strongly disagree. A l l r i g h t ? Here's t h e f i r s t statement

. . .

3. America may not be p e r f e c t , but it has brought us about as c l o s e as human beings can g e t t o a p e r f e c t society.

11. STRONGLY AGREE!

[TTXJRE]

13.

DISAGREE^

14. STRONGLY DISAGREE1 18. DON 'T

KNOW^

4. People whose parents are poor have j u s t as much chance t o g e t ahead as people whose parents are r i c h , i f they work hard.

11.STRONGLY AGREE]

1 2 . 1 P

.

DISAGREE] (4. STRONGLY

DISAGREE^

(8. WN'T KN04

5. I f anyone should bear

arms,

it should be men r a t h e r than women.

11. STRONGLY AGEE]

1 2 . 1

(3.

DISAGREE^

14. STRONGLY

DISAGREE^

[8. DON'T

KNOW^

. .

6; The United S t a t e s should play a major role i n maintaining order -in t h e world. 11 STRONGLY

1 2 . 1

P

.

DISAGREE] [4. STRONGLY DISAGREE] (8. DON' T KNOW[

7 . I n general, it i s a good policy f o r t h e United S t a t e s t o

try

t o help poor

c o u n t r i e s i n t h e world raise the* standard of l i v i n g .

p.

STRONGLY AGREF,,

7

1

[3. DISAGREE] 14. STRONGLY DISAGFEEI 18. WN'T KNOW]

8. The people i n t h i s country have been asked t o make too many s a c r i f i c e s t o support t h e defense program.

9. Stationing some of our American troops and planes i n Europe i s of no help t o t h e united S t a t e s .

1 0 . Stopping t h e Communists i s more important

than

staying out of w a r .

STRONGLY A G R E ~

1

-

1

14. STRONGLY D I S A G ~ 18. DON'T K N 0 4

11.

In

general, the way our o f f i c i a l s i n Washington a r e handling our foreign a f f a i r s i s s a t i s f a c t o r y .

1 2 . The government i s not doing- a l l i t could t o avoid another w a r .

STRONGLY AGREE]

1

1-

13.1

14. STRONGLY

DISAGREE^

18

.

DON

'

T KNowI

1 3 . The government i s not doing a l l it should t o prevent t h e spread of Comnism. STRONGLY AGREE/

-AGREE(

[ 3 . 1

p.

STRONGLY D I S A G ~

a.

EON

'

T K N 0 4

14.

The government did not a c t a s quickly a s it could have t o arrange t h e r e l e a s e of our prisoners of w a r from Vietnam.

P

.

STRONGLY

AGREE^

)2.-

( 3 . 1

b.

STRONGLY

DISAGREE^

(8

.

DON

'

T K N 0 q

15. Here are a couple of d i f f e r e n t kinds of questions. O u t of each f e d e r a l tax d o l l a r , how many cents would you guess are spent on t h e military?

0 1 0

-

1 0 07

0

6 1

-

7 0

0 2

0

11

-

20 08 1 7 1

-

80

16. How many cents do you think ought to be spent on the military?

98 (Don't

know

The next few questions are about the war in Vietnam.

17. In view of the developments since we entered the fighting, do you think the

United States made a mistake in sending troops to 'fight

in Vietnam?

F

7

1

8. DON'

T KNOW

I---+

GO

TO

QUESTION

18

17a. Why would you say it was/was not a mistake?

(PROBE

IF

NOT

CLEAR:

e.g., Would you explain a little more why you think it was/was not

a mistake?

1

18.

(HAND

R CARD 2) People feel differently about making changes in the way

our society is organized. Which of these four statements do you think

is best?

1

We should rarely, if ever, make changes in the way our society is

organized

2 O w e

should be very cautious of making changes in the way our society

is -organized

3 O w e

should feel free to make changes in the way our society is organized

4

0

We must constantly make changes in the way o w

society is organized

19. Have you ever served with a branch of the military?

(

5.

NO

I

#GO TO BOX

ABOVE

QUESTION 32, PAGE

9

20.

(HAND

R CARD 3) Would y ~ u

look at Card 3 and tell me which branch of the

-

military you served in?

1

Army (including

W I

Army A i r Corps)---+

GO TO QUESTION 20a

3

1

l i n e s

4

0

Air Force

5

0

- - .-

Coast.

~ u a r d

1

-SKIP TO QUESTION 21

6

1

National Guard

7

1

Reserves only

8

0

Foreign military

---I

service

9

0

Other

(

specifyIL

20a.

(HAND

R CARD

4 )

Which of the branches on Card

4

did you serve

in?

1 0

Infantry

3

)

Armor

4

(

Cavalry

21. What w a s your job i n t h e m i l i t a r y ? ( I F NECESSARY: For example, barber, -truck d r i v e r , c l e r k , p i l o t . )

22. How d i d you'enter t h e

(BRANCH

OF SERVICE FROM Q20)? Were you d r a f t e d , d i d you enlist, w e r e you a graduate of R.O.T.C. o r of a m i l i t a r y academy, o r what?

1

0

IDRAFTED SKIP TO QUESTION 22b 2

0

11333)

-

SKIP TO QUESTION 2 2 a

3

0

R.O.T.C. d SKIP TO QUESTION 73

.

*

4

(

MILITARY ACADEMY (West P o i n t , Amapolis o r

Air

Academy

-+

SKIP TO QUESTION 23

. .

5

0

Student ~ & s e Program+ SKIP TO QUESTION 23

7

0

O t h e r (Specify) _{SKIP TO QUESTION 23}

22a. (HAND R CARD 5) Which of the statements on Card 5 b e s t describes v o w reason f o r e n l i s t i n g . i n t h e

(BRANCH

OF S E R V I C ~ O M 420 ? (;HECK ONE ONLY)

1

0

Did not want t o be d r a f t e d 2

0

Learn a job s k i l l

3

(

G e t away f r o m home 4

1

Chance t o t r a v e l 5

0

Good l i f e l o n g career 6

1

Maturing experience

7

0

Chance t o be t e s t e d i n combat . .

8 0 So f r i e n d s would look up t o me 9

0

Nothing e l s e t o do

10

1

F e l t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r my country

11

0

Family t r a d i t i o n

1 2

1

Chance f c r r e g u l a r paying job 13

1

Because f r i e n d s were joining 14

1

o t h e r (Specify)

SKTP TO QUESTION 23

Which of t h e following statements b e s t describes your f e e l i n g s when you were drafted?

(READ

STATEMENTS TO R. CHECK ONE ONLY)

1

0

I did not w a n t t o go

2

0

I did not want t o go, but f e l t it would be a good experience 3

D

I did not want t o go, but f e l t a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o my coun3ry 4

1

I wanted t o go (For any reason R might mention)

7

1

(Other f e e l i n g volunteered by R )

23. What was

the

month and year you f i r s t entered the (BRANCH OF SERVICE FROM 420 ? (IF R IS A SERVICE ACADEMY OR R. 0. T. C.

GRAD-

GE'I' MONTH AND YEAR OF COMMISSION

.

MONTH

YEAR

24. What w a s t h e month and year of your f i n a l discharge from t h e (BRANCH OF SERVICE FROM Q20)? That i s , a f t e r what month and year did you no longer have any reserve obligation?

MONTH YEAR

0

CHECK IF R IS I N MILITARY NOW

2 5 . What was your rank when you f i r s t entered the (BRANCH OF SERVICE FROM Q20)?

26. What was your rank when you were f i n a l l y discharged? ( I F NOT YET DISCHARGED, ASK: What i s your current rank?)

27. Was t h a t t h e highest rank you achieved while i n the (BRANCH OF SERVICE FROM Q20)?

.

-

[

I

-

GO

TO

QUESTION 2 8

+

27a. What was t h e highest rank you achieved?

28. Would you say t h a t you have been able t o u t i l i z e t h e job s k i l l s you learned i n t h e (BRANCH OF SERVICE

FROM

420) in your c i v i l i a n employment a great deal, a l o t , some, a l i t t l e , o r not a t a l l ?

1 GREAT DEAL

3

1

SOME

4

1~

LITTLE:

5

0

NOT AT ALL

6

(

R has had no c i v i l i a n employment since m i l i t a r v service

7

(

R i s s t i l l i n military

29. (HAND

R

CARD 6 ) Which of the statements on Card 6 best describes your combat experience? (CHECK ONE ONLY

1

b

Unit never i n combat zone.

2 m u n i t in combat zone but never under f i r e .

3

1

Unit in combat zone and under f i r e but no one wounded.

4

(

U n i t in combat zone and under f i r e . Others wounded but I was not. 5

)

Unit in combat zone, under f i r e , ' and I was wounded.

30. Did you ever serve overseas? (That

i s ,

any place outside t h e 48 continental s t a t e s ?

31. Are you a

member

of any veteran's organizations?

[ 5 . N O ] b GO TO QUESTION 34

31a. Which ones? (Any others?) (CHECK AS MANY AS APPLY AND SKIP TO 034) 1

0

American Legion

2

1

Veterais of Foreign W a r s (VFW)

3

1

Jewish W a r Veterans

(w)

4

0

Vietnam Veterans Against the W a r VVAW) 7

1

Other (Specify)

.+

INTERVIEWER CHECK

BOX:

~ R I S M A L E

0

R IS FENALE

-

SKIP TO QUESTION 3 3

4

32. (HAND R CARD 7) Which of the reasons on Card 7 best describes why you were not drafted? (CHECK AS MANY AS APPLY )

1 . 1 Medical Deferment 6

D

Too old when d r a f t established

2

1

Job Deferment 7

]

Not a U. S. c i t i z e n and not

l i v i n g i n t h e U.S. 3

1

Educational Deferment

8

(

ILotery number not c a l l e d 4

1

Hardship Deferment/Family Dependents/

Sole Surviving Son 9

0

Other (Specify)

5

1

Conscientious Objector

33. Are you now considering joining a branch of t h e military?

ASK OF ALL RESPONDENTS:

34.

(HAND

R CARD 8) Which of t h e b e n e f i t s on this card have you ever received e i t h e r as a veteran o r as a dependent of someone who has been i n t h e m i l i t a r y ? (CHECK AS MANY AS APPLY)

1

0

D i s a b i l i t y b e n e f i t s 2

(

G I Insurance

3

1

G I Mortgage b a n 4

!

G I Education b i l l 5

0

PX P r i v i l e g e s

6 Dependent

'

s b e n e f i t s (orphans, widows

7

1

Hospitalization o r o u t p a t i e n t treatment a t VA H o s ~ i t a l o r c l i n i c

8

1

Job preference 9

0

Pension

10

0

None

11

0

Other (Specify)

35. Have you ever worked f o r t h e f e d e r a l c i v i l service?

T

SKIP TO QTOQUESTION 36

35a. Did you ever work f o r an agency of t h e Department of Defense? ( I F NECESSARY: For example, t h e Department of t h e Army, t h e S e l e c t i v e Service, t h e Veterans! Administration.)

1 Y e s

36. .Have you ever held any c i v i l i a n job t h a t brought you i n t o c o n t a c t with m i l i t a r y personnel

-

as

part

---

of that job?

1

0

Yes

37. Have you ever been a m e m b e r of any volunteer o r s o c i a l organization t h a t brought you i n t o c o n t a c t with t h e m i l i t a r y ? For example, t h e Red Cross o r t h e U.S.O.

(INI'EXVIEWER: USE

FOLD-OUT FOR QUESTIONS 38 THROUGH 66

j

The next s e r i e s of questions a r e about t h e types of contacts you have with t h e people you mst enjoy spending time with a t t h i s point i n your l i f e .

38. Would you think now of t h e t h r e e a d u l t s you most enjoy spending time with.

-

These can be members of your m e d i a t e family, can be other r e l a t i v e s or can be people who a r e not r e l a t e d t o you a t a l l .

To

make things more convenient would you give m e j u s t the f i r s t names of t h e t h r e e people you have i n mind? (WRITE NAMES OF FlUEND 1, FRIEND 2 , AND FRIEND 3 I N SPACE PROVIDED ON FOLD-OW AT E F T )

BOX FOR ??Cll or "MI

presently serving in the m i l i t a r y ? (ASK FOR F R I ~ 1, FRIEND2ANDFRIEND 3

40. (ASK FOR EACH FRIEND WHO I S NOT PRESENTLY I N THE MILITARY. "NO" FOR

439) H a s ever

been i n the m i l i t a r y ?

440 .

BOX FOR YES NO "C" o r "M"

42a. Is now i n t h e m i l i t a r y ?

41.

What i s t h e f i r s t

name of t h e person you are c l o s e s t t o who was NEVER

in

t h e military? (WRITE

NAME

ON LINE 4 ON FOLD-OIPT AT EFT. WRITE "C" I N BOX 4 BELOW AND "M" AWNG- SIDE FIRST 440 BLANK OR ALONGSIDE FIRST ''YES''

IT

THEBE I S NO

BIlWK.

TRANSFER TO APPROPRIATE BOX ON ROLD&UT AT

LEFT.

THEN

SKIP TO 443.)

1 Y e s

5

1

No

42.. What i s t h e first name of t h e person you are c l o s e s t t o who i s now o r who has ever been in t h e m i l i t a r y ?

(WRITE NAME ON

LINE

4 ON FOLD-OUT AT

E m .

WRITE "M" I N BOX 4 BELOW AND "C" I N BOX 1

CQ4 0

.

TRANSFER TO APPROPRIATE BOX ON FOLD-OUT AT LEFT. THEN GO TO Q4 2a.

0

0

El

0

I F SUM OF "YES"

=

I

1

1

TOTAL "YES" Q 3 9 + ~ 4 0

(U)

SUM ttYESII

I

D

n

a i i

i

t

GO TO QUESTION 43

I

BOX 4 FOR

f~~f+fl

I F SUM OF "YES"

=

0 -1 -1

BOX 4 FOR lwv--+l-l

1 ₂

0

SUM "YES" Q40 (11;

(V)

(VI)

+m

SUM rfYEStg Q39 (111)

a. WRITE "C" ALONGSIDE FIRST Q40 "NO"

b. WRITE

"M"

ALONGSIDE FIRST 440 "BLANK" OR ALONGSIDE FIRST "YES" I F THERE I S NO BLANK.

TRANSFER TO APPROPRIATE BOX ON FOLD-OUT AT EFT. SKIP TO (33,

46.

(HAND

R

CARD

10)

What is the highest

grade of school

completed?

(ASK M R

ALL

.

.

.)

46a. What is the highest

grade of school you

completed?

1. Less than high school

(1-8 years)

2. Some high school (9-11 yrs)

3. High school graduate

(12 years)

4. Vocational or technical

school after high school

5. Some college (1-3 years)

6. College graduate (4 years)

7. Some graduate or

professional school after

college graduation

8.

Completed graduate or

professional school degree

9.

NA

43. Is

male or female?

(ASK FOR FRIEND

1, FRIEND 2,

FRIEND 3,

AND

LINE

4

IF

APPLICABLE

43a. Note for

R

1.

Male

2. Female

9. NA

1)

2)

3

4

R )

44. What is

's

race?

(ASK FOR FRIEND 1,

FRIEND

2,

FRIEND 3

AND

LINE

4 IF

APPLICABLE)

44a. FOR

R:

What

is your race?

1.

White

2. Black

7. Other (What?)

9. NA

45.

(HAND R CARD

9)

What is

'

s

religious preference?

(ASK

FOR ALL

. . .

45a. What is your

religious

preference?

1.

Protestant

(Presbyterian,

Methodist, Baptist,

Episcopalian, etc.)

2. Roman Catholic

3. Jewish

4. None

7. Other (SPECIFY)

8. DK

47.

(HAND

R

CARD

11)

1

What

is

.-

'

s

occupation?

(ASK FOR

ALL

FRIENDS)

47a. What is your

occupation?

MANAGERIAL

PROFESSIONAL

SALES

OFFICE

&

CLERICAL

SKILLED

OPERATIVES

SERVICE WORKERS

Farm owner, tenan

Farm laborer

11. Student

12. Military

13. Housewife

14. Retired

'

15. Unemployed

98. DK

99.

NA

45.

How old is

?

(ASK FOR ALL FRIENDS

48a. How old are you?

49.

(HAND R

CARD 12) Which number

on Card 12 comes closest to

'

s

political position on most issues?

(ASK FOR ALL FRIENDS)

49a. Which number on Card 12 comes

closest to your political

position on most issues?

(RECORD NUMBER

R

GIVES)

Very

Very

(HAND R CARD 13) Now I ' m going t o r e a d you a number of more s p e c i f i c things f r i e n d s sometimes discuss together. Do you and d i s c u s s these t h i n g s o f t e n , sometimes, r a r e l y , o r never? How about t h e w a r in Vietnam? Do you d i s c u s s t h e w a r i n V i e t n a m o f t e n , sometimes, r a r e l y , o r never?

50a. Thewar i n Vietnam?

(ASK FOR ALL) 1. Often 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely

4. Never

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )

(4

1

50b. P r o b l e m s i n t h e armed forces?

(ASK FOR ALL) 1. Often 2. Sometimes

3 . Rarely

4. Never

50c. Thearmed s e r v i c e s i n the f u t u r e ?

(ASK FOR ALL) 1. Often 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely

4. Never

Sod. Futurewars? (ASK FOR ALL) 1. Often 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely

4. Never

50e. Your

personal problems? (ASK FOR ALL) 1. Often 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely

51. On most i s s u e s t h a t you and talk about, do you u s u a l l y agree s t r o n g l y , agree, disagree, o r disagree strongly?

(ASK FOR

ALL

FRIENDS)

1. Agree s t r o n g l y 2. Agree

3. Disagree

52a. Is

-

(F'RIEND 1 ) a good f r i e n d w i t h

-

(FRIEND 2)? 1

n

Y e s

52b. Is

-

(FEIEND 2) a good f r i e n d w i t h

-

_{. (FRIEND 3 ?} 1 Y e s

52c. Is

-

(FRIEND 1 ) a good f r i e n d w i t h

-

(FRIEND 3 ) ?

1 Y e s 5 =No

I F LINE 4 I S NOT APPLICABLE, SKIP TO QUESTION 55

53. How many o f t h e s e three f r i e n d s

are

good f r i e n d s w i t h (LINE 4 ) ?

1 None o f them 2 One o f

them

3 Tho o f them 4 A l l three o f them

4

SKIP TI3 455

1

1

SKIP TO 455

&

54a. Which f r i e n d 54b. Which f r i e n d s i s t h i s ? are t h e s e ?

(CIRCLE ONE) (CIRCLE TKO)

1. Friend 1 2, F r i e n d 2

1. Friend 1 2. Friend 2

3. Friend 3 3. Friend 3

55. Is r e l a t e d t o you e i t h e r by blood o r marriage?

( A S ~ R FRIEND 1, FRIEND 2, FRIEND 3, AND LINE 4 I F APPLICABLE)

NO YES

(1)

n

D-?

55a. What i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ?

(2

0

0 - - b 5 5 b . W h a t i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ?

0 - 1

5 5 ~ . What i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ?

=-1---)55d. W h a t i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ?

4

INTERVIEWER: I F "C" I S A RELATIVE, SKIP TO QUESTION 58.

I am now going t o ask you a few more questions about your r e l a t i o n s h i p with

(NAME

OF CIVILIAN FRIEND, DESIGNATED BY "C" ON GRID

[NEAR

Q401)

56. (HAND R CARD 1 4 ) Where d i d you f i r s t meet ? ("C")

1 A t someone

'

s home, i n neighborhood 2

0

On t h e job

3

[

I n school o r college

4

1

A t church

5

(

A t s o c i a l o r r e c r e a t i o n a l events 7

1

Other ( Specify)

57. Where do you n m see most often? ("C") 1

0

A t someone

'

s home, i n neighborhood

2

1

on t h e job

3

1

I n school o r college 4

0

A t church

5 ) ~ t s o c i a l o r r e c r e a t i o n a l events 7

(

O t w (Specify

? ("C")

59. (HAND R

CARD

15) How o f t e n do you now see, w r i t e o r talk t o ' ?

(flcll)

-

Everyday, almost everyday, once o r twice a week, a few times a month, once a month, a few times a year, l e s s often, o r never?

1

0

EVERYDAY 5

0

ONCE A MONTH

2

0

ALNOST EVERYDAY 6 = A

FEW

TIMES A YEAR

3

)

ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK 7

/

LESS OFTEN

4

1

A FEW TIMES A MONTH

60. How much do you look up t o ("C"

I ?

A g r e a t deal, sanewhat, o r not a t a l l ?

1

0

A GREAT DEAL

3

0

NOT AT ALL

INTERVIEWER: IF "Mfl IS A RELATIVE, SKIP TO QUESTION 63

IF R HAS NO MILITARY FRIEND, SKIP TO QUESTION 7 1

RELATIVES DESIGNATED I N 45 5, I F R HAS NO "C"

,

SKIP TO Q61.

>

We have no more questions t o ask you about ( "C"

.

I now want t o ask you s i m i l i a r questions about (MI== FRIEND DESIGNATED BY "M" ON GRID NEAR QUESTION 40)

61. . (HAND R CARD 16) Where did you f i r s t meet ( "Mll ? 1 At.someonels home, i n neighborhood

'2

n

On t h e job

3

1

I n school o r college

4

0

A t church

62. Where do you now see most often? ("Mu ) 1

0

A t someone

'

s home, i n neighborhood 2

(

On t h e job

3

1

I n school o r college 4

(

A t church

5

1

A t s o c i a l o r recreational events

c

7

0

Other (Specify)

63. How long have you k n m ? ("M" ) YEARS

63a. Is ("M"

1

in the m i l i t a r y now?

1 5 . 1

Il.E?q

) SKIP TO QUESTION 64

T

63b. (HAND R CARD 1 7 ) When was

i

n

t h e m i l i t a r y , how often did you see, w r i t e o r t a l k t o

.-

? Everyday, almost everyday, once o r twice a week, a few tmes a month, once a month, a few times a year,

less often, o r never? ("M" )

1 IXERYDAY 5 ONCE A MONTH

2

0

ALMOST EVERYDAY ~(AFEWTIMESAYEAR

3

1

ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK 7

1

ILSS OFTEN

4 ( ~ FEW TIMES AMONTH 8

1

NEVER

64. How often do you you see, write o r t a l k t o ? Do you see, write o r talk t o everyday, almost everyday, once o r twice a week, a few times a month, once a month, a few times a year, l e s s o f t e n , o r never? ("M")

- - - - - -- -

- 1

EVERYDAY

1

5

1

ONCE A MONTH

2

0

I O S T EVERYDAY 3

(

ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK

6

1

A FEW TIMES A YEAR

Code changes are hdsted below by t a d a& cslr~arn nunberr

in

nmerkcnB. order,

92

11-24

0

Add

&o

d l

I Y M

codes: c';cade! 1 9a

co1,

59 of

card

81

.*

02 12 7 Change $0 r e d " 9 , U.8, grotecied its esoaomis interests.''

Q2 24 3 ShPBPd read:

",

but

ma:

cdabllr i n

c o l s ,

11-22,, O e g

02 " 46-42 86 Pleg "Code Owe box cok. 64-69 card 12)

02 70

2

Contbgeacy

box

sbukd g a d : gQ60de O 5x1 colse

a&-E~~

03

.

235

8

Should

read:. "'0, WfP'-% (NOW3 box chec'cd)

03.

32

4

M d

"40 "Mo c i v i l i a ~ , f r P a d g s

Oh 48-49

22

Add w3220 ' 6ramicMUB'

04

51-52

22 Add

"22,

~xandshfid"

Q !+

54-55

2%

Add '%2, 6randc&iBd"

€24 51-58 22 Add

"22.

G ~ a d i : . hfldPJ

0

16

fhdd i a a contingency

box:

"Code 0

$n

,cobs. 1'--20;

code 5 in sol,

2JoP8

16

b

Delete: "o; good Sdea t o give ~ ~ n ~ y , "

16

5 libeleke: "; slzouldng 6: pay thane?

44-67

32

Add code

32:

"32, O&ez references t o equa\, d l .ision:

'%hey s i ~ o u l d

aB1

haye g o t t e n equSafl; *think I S : s n l d d

be

equalJ'; "squally.

'"

69-7 0 2.2 Delete entire code

(12)

%,,-31

32 Add code 32:

"32,

Other r e f e ~ e ~ c e a bo e q d

d2vis%sn: "%hey sb,o~Bd LEU have g o t t e a equabe7t,

E3chhk

&a:

ebuatb be equal0'; W a q u d y e e s

24-32,

. .

.

..

:

.

, a ,:

Ol. - 6Sl?bgurs klz7 &D ~ e s a r r c h . ~ ;

" f ~ r

reaeageh t o

=ke

fu%se e)t*%dk@soCP

03 "To fosrtAt?s the resealcchsm; E q h ~ x h g &a6:

L

would gxotpsblby warat to

work

s o w POHQ?

on

BUY

X

3efg %hai

arsouns

EOK

bessazchw;

''$50

t o

~aseagch

m

S o L b w UP

W B

C a o CBDE

NO,

NO0

KO

e

",

..$the

o t h e ~ t i l g wa3 iiivided equi\Uy to the

hours

put in for the research.''; '*y~u agree on a wage before heuddg'

",

.

,

Eeel each should get the same a ~ u n t j u s t

for partkipat;lng."; "even though a m e

not

ae u c h tias, they were ~ q i l P h g ~o ff hear\ to,"

and half t o

work

doneQtt

"'d:

sbnghg

bhe research only needed

"They had ian- uleer8ar motive

-

t h e stuck w3th it

Eur

two days and d i d i t for o t h e ~ d u n moneyo

''

Add Z W p no =,&ion (e.g. section or question ref used),

chis Q refers t o whether R

e e i l i egreed

k i t h his okiginall d e c i s i o n of the wney %la Q74Q75, t o h i s f

odings

about Q96-83.

Uncordortable responses might include

'$Kt:

even

though gives r e a s o w ,

"I

don't know these jrssple,

6 guess

&he

money s b u l d be d8v;Sded thus-slnl-~o"~

or

"not sure of. math",

-

Add code 91: "97,

Other"

with s mke card ?ox.

Add: ''7, E3o reinforcers g9veneD attach to ;'lag,

M d : "coded 7 i n col. 67"

Add P'40 Ho, ocher

errorG'

Make card box.

isatlcuctions slaodd

read

'q(08-54)'3 "(01-54)" M d @ode: Ze?CC3"

Add: "7, No rebnfoxsers givene@

Applies in

2 cases:

B

started pho- section but s t o p p e d be£ or? block 2~ R gave onby responses of the category coded fir

Card

09, 601, 20,

C&@

c.oments'

d t e r QU3 end

113a.

e390 21Ab e O g s intemiew not can;pleted" 5hould take gr%ority over G%O. . Poetcard

never

given t o

R"

where

inCamicv ahor t e d

,

Add conf ingency bo "9.

HA

a *'* Code O

%n

co%a, 26-32.

Add 0'9. K4 (c,g,, intemdev not completed)

Add @O or 0. W, coded 5,6, or

9

i n col. 25,''

Gbaange &D ''8,

DK"

a d ''9.

w'

'9,

HAe

a.g. question n ~ t askedCg

6-Q: contingency box, Should read: S v ~ o d e 0

i n coLs,

59-60.''

Add "~chn%tt%goro Pmerisan Independent Party

Add:

0

I W ,

coded 5 i n . c o l . 58 or

59@*

BBd: OfO. ZEA??, coded 5 i n c o l . 58,"

QU?3D

C O L o

CODE

LJ80

EO

0

ma

Add after "Plblitary ~ ' 8 " : "(41-473)"

Add

after %r&d

Q%":

"(Q34--55d)" k i d after "Wuf t y

Q's":

" ( ~ ! & 8 4 ) "

Add after "sat Deg Q's": "(~35-106a)~' Add after "&co Reb, ~ ' 8 ~ : "(~107-119)n

Add a f t e r

"TAT

or

J/A

story":

"(120)n Add a f t e r "Background Q' sn

:

"(4!12a-141)"

Make

the eame addittoxu to the crde beginning i n c o l , 55,

card

U ,

Add "9984, A t t i t u d e

Qgs

(QA-18)

DeAete: "PIONE;

"

M d : 0 Pione", with contingency

box

' m e 0

in

cols, 51-71 en

Add: coded 0

in

c o l ,

50,"

Add:

";

coded 0 in coll, 50,"

U d : "0. D?U, coded 0 i n c o l . 50,"

~twtructiorm

should

r e d :

"'use

same

code

f la:

cols.

as

and

74-et'

--

r -.

-

---

-_

---

_ - -_-.--__

_

- . - - - _ - .

_

----.- - . -

- - . - - .

- . - - ---- -,-

-

1 .

D e t r o i t Area S t u d y DAS 468581

U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n "card 0 1

I .

A S t u d y of t h e C i v i l - M i l i t a r y I n t e r f a c e and t h e

A p p l i c a t i o n of L a b o r a t o r y M e t h o d o l o g i e s i n a Survey S e t t i n g

V a r

.

Column Var

.

# Name Q u e s t i o n and Code

1-4 1 PROJ# P r o i ec t Number (8581)

5-6 Card Number

.-

(01)

7-10 2 I f W % k I n t e r v i e w Number (DAS I n t e r v i e w Number) (From f a c e s h e e t , l e f t m a r g i n )

I

-

11-1 2 3 I'ER I n t e r v i e w e r Name

01. Chand, Amber 02. Dragosavac, Tom 03. Ehresman, D e l

04. F e r r e n z , Mark 05. G i l l m o r e , B i l l

06. Hawkins, D a r n e l 1 07. H l u c h y j , T e r r y

08. L e i t e r , J e f f

P

09. Lockwood, J i m 10. L y s t r a , Don 11. Metz, P a u l

12. M o n t i l l a , Melinda 1 3 . M o r r i s , C h a r l e s 1 4 . O q D e l l , P e t e 1 5 . P a u l , P a t t i

1 6 . P o l e n , Mike --

1 7 . P r i c e , L a r r y

1 8 . Roosenberg, R i c h a r d 1 9 . R y t i n a , S t e v e

20. Sandberg, Carl

21. S h a p i r o , Mary 22. Smith, Bruce< 23. S t u k e s , Sandra 24. T a y l o r , Bruce 25. Woodwor t h , J o e 30. Boehms, S t e v e 31. Burpee, Gaye 32. Morgan, David 33. Ovshinsky, Pam

V a r

.

.

Column . . V a r

.

// Name

11-12 ( c o n t . ) I n t e r v i e w e r Name ( c o n t

.

)

34. Anadon, J o s e 35.

36. 37.

38.

39.

Apple, Alyce Behnke, Mary Bremen, E l s e C l e a r y , J e a n e t t e F l a n a g a d , Helen Kampf, D o r i s Guy t o n , M i l d r e d J u t u n e n , Amy Key:s, E t h y l Lenchek, Ruth Neef, C a r o l N o r r i s , Evelyn Pawlac zyk, J e a n e t t e Thorsby, J a c k i e Westphal, L o u i s e Woods, A d e l a i d e

Z i n g e r , Sue

Card 0 1

13-15 4 BLOCK$ i3iock Number

Code t h r e e d i g i t number g i v e n i n t o p r i g h t - h a n d c o r n e r o f f a c e s h e e t .

999. NA

~ e ' m e n t L i s t i n g S h e e t L i n e Number .-

Code two d i g i t number g i v e n i n t o p r i g h t - h a n d c o r n e r

, .

of f a c e s h e e t .

DATE /MO D a t e of Interview--Mon t h

Code a c t u a l number o f m o n t h (01-12) 01. J a n u a r y

a

02. F e b r u a r y ,

03. March .

04. A p r i l

. 05. May

V a r

.

Column V a r .

i/

Name

. .

Deck 0 1

. .

Date o f Interview--Month ( c o n t . ) 07. J u l y

08. August 09. September 1 0 . O c t o b e r 11. November 1 2 . December

Code a c t u a l DAY (01-31)

22-23 8 TM/HR/ST T i m e S t a r t e d ( p l u s A.M. o r P.M.) '- HOUR

Code a c t u a l HOUR

1 2 . 12:OO P.M.

-

Noon 13. 1 : 0 0 P.M.

17. 5:00 P.M.

24. 12:OO A.M.

-

M i d n i g h t

Time S t a r t e d , M I N U T E

Var

.

Column Var. ' # Name

-4- Deck 0 1

Time Completed ( p l u s A.M. o r P.M.)

-

Hour Code a c t u a l HOUR.

Time completed, Minute Code a c t u a l MINUTE (00-59)

.-

99. NA

*

Treatment Condition Number

Code number precoded i n pen o n f a c e s h e e t n e x t t o , t h e words "Treatment C o n d i t i o n s .I1

13. Mistake made i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of treatment

c o n d i t i o n s .

Iteml. T r e a t m e n t c o n d i t i o n . . .

1. PHYSICAL

2. SOCIAL

3 . COGNITIVE

Item 2. Treatment Condition

1. WHITE MALE 2. BLACK MALE

3 . WHITE FEMALE

Var

.

column. ~ a r . B Name

3 5 1 6 TC/ SAT

Deck 01

Item 3 . Treatment C o n d i t i o n

1. ACHIEVEMENT

2. NO ACHIEVEMENT

9. NA

Item 4. Treatment C o n d i t i o n 1. SATIATION

2. DEPRIVATION

Item 5. Treatment C o n d i t i o n

1. HIGH DEPENDENCY

2. LOW DEPENDENCY

3 . NO DEPENDENCY

Item 6. Treatment C o n d i t i o n

1. JOHN AT THE TOP OF COLLEGE CLASS

2. ANNE AT THE TOP OF COLLEGE CLASS

Race of I n t e r v i e w e r

1. WHITE

2. BLACK

4. F i l i p i n o ( M o n t i l l a )

5. E a s t I n d i a n (Chand)

Sex of I n t e r v i e w e r

1. MALE

Deck 0 1

•

V a r

.

Column Var

.

#

-

Name

40 21 VOL-ARMY 1. F i r s t w e ' r e i n t e r e s t e d i n g e t t i n g your opin4ons o n t h e m i l i t a r y . How do you f e e l a b o u t t h e U.S. r e p l a c i n g t h e d r a f t w i t h a n a l l - v o l u n t e e r army? Do you s t r o n g l y a p p r o v e , a p p r o v e , d i s a p p r o v e , o r s t r o n g l y d i s a p p r o v e ?

I

(14

I. STRONGLY APPROVE

3)7

2 . APPROVE

68

4 . PISAPPROVE

I \

5 . SROMGLY DISAPPROVE

.

.

4 1 22 -- L $ > z - ~ s p 2. When a n a t i o n g e t s i n v o l v e d i n a war, who i s

u s u a l l y most r e s p o n s i b l e

--

p o l i t i c a n s , t h e m i l i t a r y , o r t h e b u s i n e s s community?

a

345

, 1. POLITICANS

35

2 . THE MILITARY

3 . BUSINESS COMMUNITY

&

4 - "COPiBINATION1' OR "ALL

THREE"

7 - OTHER

Deck 01

. . Var

.

-a

Column V a r . # Name

R CARD

1)

Now, I ' m going t o r e a d some s t a t e m e n t s t h a t you m i g h t agree o r d i s a g r e e with. Would you l o o k a t t h i s c a r d , and a f t e r I read each s t a t e m e n t , would you t e l l me i f you s t r o n g l y a g r e e , a g r e e , d i s a g r e e , o r s t r o n g l y d i s a g r e e . A l l r i g h t ?

ere's

t h e f i r s t s t a t e m e n t

.

,

.

42 23 PERFTSOC 3. America may n o t b e p e r f e c t , b u t i t h a s brought u s a b o u t a s c l o s e as human b e i n g s c a n g e t t o a p e r f e c t '

s o c i e t y .

1. STRONGLY AGREE

317 2 . AGREE

.

.

121 3 . DISAGREE

14

4 . STRONGLY DISAGREE

2 8. DON'T KNOW

-

ci'

1 2 3 4 8 ,

3

* G < 4

4 2

2 4 GETAHEAD 4. P e o p l e w h o s e p a r e n t s a r e p o o r h a v e j u s t a s m u c h chance t o g e t ahead as p e o p l e whose p a r e n t s a r e r i c h , i f t h e y work h a r d .

3

3b

1 1

z9

'7

8

BZWlRMS 5. I f anyone s h o u l d b e a r arms, i t should be men r a t h e r t h a n women.

44

253

za

3

1

Co

t)

US-ROLE 6 . The United S t a t e s should p l a y a major' r o l e i n m a i n t a i n i n g o r d e r i n t h e world.

9

-352

124

15

10

'

5

HELPPOOR 7. I n g e n e r a l , i t i s a good p o l i c y f o r t h e United S t a t e s t o t r y t o h e l p poor c o u n t r i e s i n t h e world r a i s e t h e i r s t a n d a r d of l i v i n g .

6 2 255

1q2

14

13

3

SUP-DEF 8. The p e o p l e i n t h i s c o u n t r y have been asked t o make too many s a c r i f i c e s t o s u p p o r t t h e d e f e n s e program.

i b

149

3i3

2'7

39

2

Deck 01

eVar. column ~ a r .

I,

Name

. . . --

. .

49 3 0 - . STOPCOMM 10. Stopping t h e Communists is m o r e , i m p o r t a n t t h a n

s t a y i n p o u t o f war.

54

1. STRONGLY AGREE

23b 2 . AGREE

7

b 4

3 . DISAGREE

27

4 * STRONGLY DISAGREE

3 8. DON'T KNOW

o 9. NA

.

.

2 3 %

d

-

-

2

fZ

b 231 SO

3 .

50 3 1 WASH-OK 11. I n g e n e r a l , t h e way o u r o f f i c i a l s i n Washington a r e h a n d l i n g o u r f o r e i g n a £ f a i r s i s s a t i s f a c t o r y .

5 1 32 AVO I DIJAR 1 2 . The government i s n o t doing a l l i t could t o a v o i d ano t h e r war.

52 : 33 SPRDCONM 13. The goverr&ent is n o t doing a l l i t should t o avoid t h e s p r e a d . o f Communism.

3 4

' 53 REL-POW 14. The government d i d n o t a c t a s q u i c k l y a s i t c o u l d

0468581 _{Deck 01}

. .

Var

.

Column Var. -Name . . .

. .

54-55 35 $SPENT 15. Here a r e a couple of d i f f e r e n t kinds of q u e s t i o n s . Out of each f e d e r a l t a x d o l l a r , how many c e n t s would you guess a r e s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y ?

8

1

01. 0-10

57

02. 11-20

71

03.

.-

21-30

b y

04. -31-40 05. 41-50

$$

06. 51-60

gr

07. 61-70

14

08. 71-80

3 09. 81-90

8

10. 91-100 7. Other

8. DON'T KNOW

3

99. NA

56-57 36 $OUGHT 16. How many c e n t s do you t h i n k ought t o b e s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y ?

Column

-1 0- Deck 0 1

- Var.

V a r .

II

-

~ a m e

1 5 & 1 6 Summary

Coder: Look a t m a r g i n a l comments a s w e l l a s r e s p o n s e s coded i n c o l s . 54-55 and c o l s . 56-57. For example, R may s a y t h a t 3 0 ~ ought t o be s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y (Q 1 6 ) and t h a t 2 5 ~ is , .

s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y (Q 15). -Both r e s p o n s e s a r e coded 03 ( c o l s . 54-55- and 56-57) _{.... -- ... ...} ; however, i f R t h i n k s '"more ... ought t o be L p e n t on t h e

j

m i l i t a r y t h a n i s s p e n t on t h e military'! t h e n c o l . 58 should b e coded "1".

53

1. h o r e o u g h t t o b e s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y &an i s s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y (amount coded i n c o l s . 56-57 g r e a t e r t h a n amount coded i n c o l s . 54-55)

1

17

2. Government ought t o spend what i t i s spending on t h e m i l i t a r y (Amount coded i n c o l s . 56-57 e q u a l s amount coded i n c o l s . 54-55)

2L(b

3 . Less o u g h t t o b e s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y t h a n i s s p e n t on t h e m i l i t a r y (Amount coded i n c o l s . 56-57 less t h a n amount coded i n c o l s . 54-55. )

117

8. DK (Coded 98 i n e i t h e r c o l s . 54-55 o r c o l s . 56-57 o r coded 98 i n b o t h c o l s . 54-55 and c o l s . 56-57).

4

9. NA (Coded 99 i n e i t h e r c o l s . 54-55 o r c o l s . 56-57 o r coded 99 i n b o t h c o l s . 54-55 and c o l s

.

56-57)

.

38 . VIETMSTK 17. I n view of t h e developments s i n c e w e e n t e r e d t h e

-11- Deck 01

Var

.

Column V a r .

.

Name

Q17a. Why would you s a y i t was a m i s t a k e ? (PROBE I F NOT CLEAR: e.g., Would you e x p l a i n a l i t t l e more why you t h i n k i t was a mistake?

Q17b. Is t h e r e any o t h e r r e a s o n why you t h i n k i t was a m i s t a k e ?

Code Q17a-b u s i n g t h e t h e m a t i c c o d e s l i s t e d i n c o l s . 60-69 Each column corresponds t o a theme.

Code each theme t h a t a p p e a r s i n t h e response. More t h a n one theme may a p p e a r i n a s i n g l e p h r a s e o r s e n t e n c e . I f t h e r e a r e - m o r e t h a n two mentions of one theme (column), code t h e f f r s t mention ( u n l e s s i t i s low p r i o r i t y ) and make c a r d g i v i n g second mention ( i n d i c a t e i t a s second

--

mention)

.

Code o n l y t h e ' p a r t s of t h e r e s p o n s e t h a t i n d i c a t e why R t h i n k s t h e U.S. made a m i s t a k e .

USNOTWIN U.S. NOT WINNING THE \JAR . .

0 . Inap; no ,mention of U.S:not winning t h e war.

,

g

1. We c a n n o t win t h e war o r t h e war i s n o t winnable.

"No m a t t e r what we do t h e Communists w i l l t a k e o v e r anyway.'' "The enemy and South Vietnamese a r e t h e same people; t h e y l o o k a l i k e and i t ' s

- . i m p o s s i b l e t o f i g h t a war l i k e that." "It c a n ' t be won m i l i t a r i l y ; i t ' s g u e r i l l a w a r f a r e n o t l i k e

10

W W I I , Korea."

2. We a r e n o t t r y i n g t o win t h e war. I n c l u d e "win o r

- g e t out." "If w e went t o f i g h t them t h a t ' s what w e

should do. The war h a s never been fought."

.

We a r e n o t winning. ( S t a t e d a s a f a c t . . I f mentions

11 n o t t r y i n g " code a s 2.) "We're j u s t g e t t i n g b e a t

-

l i k e crazy."

4. The war i s n o t ending. Code h e r e vague r e f e r e n c e s t o o u r f a i l u r e t o s o l v e some u n s t a t e d problem. "It i s n o t ending," "goes on and one," *!We a r e n o t s o l v i n g t h e problem," " w e ' r e n o t accomplishing any- t h i n g . "

NOTE: I n code 4, c o l . 60 t h e assumption i s that t h e r e '

i s some (vague) problem o r purpose t o t h e war b u t i t i s

n o t being solved. I n code 4, c o l . 63 t h e assumption i s t h a t t h e r e i s no purpose t o o r n o t h i n g is t o b e gained .

Deck 01

•

Var

.

column Var. Name

6 1 40 WARKILLD Q17a-b ( c o n t . )

. PEOPLE KILLED OR INJURED

BY

THE WAR

. .

/ . .

41%

0. Inap; no m e n t i o n of p e o p l e k i l l e d o r i n j u r e d by

t h e war.

.

American s o l d i e r s k i l l e d o r i n j u r e d . I n c l u d e

11 1 1 ~ 1

r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e "boys," "men," "guys. ,

t h o s e guys k i l l e d , 1 1 ... . . 11 So many boys

being' k i l l e d , "

3 v 2. American s o l d i e r s h u r t i n o t h e r ways. F.g., by dope. I n c l u d e r e f e r e n c e s t o American s o l d i e r s a s "too young t o f i g h t . "

53

3 . P e o p l e k i l l e d o r i n j u r e d

-

i d e n t i t y ambipuous.

10 4. Both Americans and Vietnamese k i l l e d o r i n j u r e d y o r p h i l o s o p h i c o b j e c t i o n t o a l l w a r o r v i o l e n c e .

"I h a t e violence!"

Vietnamese p e o p l e k i l l e d o r i n j u r e d . I n c l u d e r e f e r e n c e s t o a n y V i e t n a m e s e , whichever s i d e o r whether c i v i l i a n o r s o l d i e r .

6. Vietnamese p e o p l e o r s o c i e t y h u r t i n o t h e r ways. "We make r a c k e t e e r s o u t o f t h e Vietnamese people and p r o s t i t u t e s o u t of t h e women."

6 2 4 1 LOST-RES DSS OF U. S. RESOURCES

' '

474

0. Inap; no mention o f ' l o s s of U.S. r e s o u r c e s .

.

U.S. r e s o u r c e s wasted i n Vietnam, No mention of

a l t e r n a t i v e u s e . Code h e r e a l s o , mention of p u r e l y

11

p e r s o n a l a l t e r n a t i v e , e.g., c u t t a x e s i n s t e a d . " "Save a l l t h a t time and energy f o r when w e might need it!" " i t ' s r u i n e d o u r economy."

I

t

w2. U.S. r e s o u r c e s wasted i n ~ i e t n a m , - e x p l i c i t mention of a l t e r n a t i v e u s e ( s u c h as e d u c a t i o n , h e a l t h , p o v e r t y , " s o c i a l probledA)

.

"We send money t h e r e and t h e r e ' s p o v e r t y h e r e . "

3. The war c a u s e s p o l a r i z a t i o n . d i s s e n s i o n i n t h e U.S.

I

-i

11 A l l t h e young p e o p l e are t u r n i n g a g a i n s t our country."

4. "We have enough problems of o u r own t o t a k e c a r e o f . "

Deck 01

Var

.

8

, Column Var. # Name

. .

VIETNAM NOT IMPORTANT TO AMERICAN INTERESTS

472

0. Inap: no mention of Vietnam n o t i m p o r t a n t ~ t o American i n t e r e s t s .

f _{1. Vietnam i s "too f a r away:" 'We don' t belong i n} A s i a . "

-

5

2. Vietnam i s n o t e s s e n t i a l t o American m i l i t a r y

i n t e r e s t s . I n c l u d e e x p l i c i t r e j ec t i o n of Domino theory.

2 3 . Concern w i t h defending t h e U.S. from e x t e r n a l t h r e a t . "If t h e r e ' s going t o b e war i n t h e U.S., t h e r e ? l l be no one t o f i g h t . "

4 . W e g a i n n o t h i n g from t h e war o r n o t h i n g good comes o u t of t h e war. "It's n o t w o r t h it;" " t h e y ' r e dying f o r nothing."

W-AR-FoRM _{OKAY TO INTERVENE OR HELP BUT FORM OF INTERVENTION} OR HANDLING OF WAR QUESTIONABLE

a

488

0. I m p : no mention of t h i s theme. -

zk

1. Okay t o send a i d (economic a i d , arms, a d v i s o r s ) b u t n o t troops. "We should h a v e j u s t s e n t arms."

"We could have helped i n o t h e r ways w i t h o u t sending our boys.

"

1-

2. U.S. mismanaged t h e war. (Code m e n t i o n s of "not t r y i n g t o win1' a s 2 i n c o l . 6 .) " W e made a m i s -

t a k e i n our p o l i c i e s once w e g o t t h e r e

-

c o r r u p t i o n i n

I1 I1

our a i d programs. Troops weren' t t r a i n e d f o r j u n g l e warfare."

3 . Okay t o "help" b u t w e became " t o o involved

."

-

un- c l e a r where R t h i n k s we should have drawn t h e l i n e . "I f e e l t h e U.S. should be h e l p f u l b u t i t ' s n o t t h e same a s W W I I s o w e s h o u l d n ' t h a v e become involved t o s u c h a g r e a t e x t e n t , "

65 . 44 NOTLEGIT ENTRY TO WAR WAS NOT LEGITMATE . .

4qq

0- Inap: no mention of entry' t o r w i n o t ' l e g i t i m a t e .

-

)3

1. The war b e n e f i t s s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s i n t h e U.S.

(E. g

.

,

t h e m i l i t a r y , m u n i t i o n s f a c t o r i e s , businessmen,

,.

p o l i t i c i a n s )

6

2. P r e s i d e n t o r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n d e c e i v e d o r misled t h e p e o p l e .

2 0

3 . s h o u l d n o t have e n t e r e d war w i t h o u t c o n s e n t of Con- R r e s s , U.S. c i t i z e n s , o r t h e U.N. E x p l i c i t mentions.

Column Var.

i/

-

Name

65 ( c o n t . )

. .

Var

.

Deck 0 1

Q17a-b. ( c o n t

.

)

. .

ENTRY TO \JAR WAS NOT LEGITIMATE (CONT.)

1

4. We should have n e g o t i a t e d f i r s t o r we w e r e n ' t committed t o send t r o o p s . "It should h a v e been n e g o t i a t e d .I1

.

-

4 5 IhTCNFLT VIETNAM WAR IS INTERNAL CONFLICT

-

3(p@

0. Inap: no mention of war i s i n t e r n a l c o n f l i c t .

3 2

1. It i s a c i v i l war. Code o n l y clear r e f e r e n c e s t o c i v i l war.

13 2. Vietnamese d o n ' t want u s t h e r e , d o n ' t c a r e who wins, n o t i d e o l o g i c a l , j u s t w a a t peace, t o b e l e f t a l o n e .

3. The war i s Vietnamese r e s p o n s i b i l i t v . n o t o u r war. "Let them f i g h t t h e i r own war." "Why s h o u l d o u r boys d i e f o r somebody else." "We should have l e t

than f i g h t i t o u t f o r themselves."

4. Our i n t e r v e n t i o n worsened t h e c o n f l i c t . "It h a s changed a small war i n t o a 3 i g g e r one." "we s e t

t h e t o r c h t o it."

73 5. -Shouldnl t meddle i n o t h e r people's b u s i n e s s . "1t's

none of our b u s i n e s s ; U.S. c a n ' t b e world policeman: t h o s e people w e r e minding t h e i r own b u s i n e s s , t h e y didn' t invade us."

?MOTIVES U.S. MOTIVES OR ACTIONS ARE QUESTIONABLE FROM MORAL STANDPOINT

517

0. Inap; no mention of t h i s theme. . .

q

1. U.S. motives wrong; o r q u e s t i o n a b l e . I n c l u d e mention .of p o l i t i c a l imperialism: "They were j u s t t h i n k i n g

of w o r l d - p r e s t i g e

-

throwing U.S. t r o o p s i n t o make u s l o o k good t o t h e world." "Our e f f o r t s a t world domination a r e sub j ect t o question."

12

2. We s h o u l d n ' t f o r c e o u r "way of 1 i f e " o n Q i e t n a m . ''Who a r e we t o s a y what i s t h e r i g h t way?" " I t ' s a

s t r a n g e c o u n t r y where t h e y should b e a b l e t o p r a c t i c e what they want to."

Var

.

Name

Deck 01

67 ( c o n t

.

) Q17a-b ( c o n t

.

)

U.S. MOTIVES OR ACTIONS ARE QUESTIONABLE FROM MORAL STANDPOINT

3

3; North Vietnamese a r e j u s t i f i e d o r b e s t r u l e f o r Vietnam. "North Vietnamese form of Communism i s

t h e b e s t way of l i f e f o r them." " I ' m n o t s u r e t h a t what would have happened under Ho Chi Minh might n o t have been a l o g i c a l e v o l u t i o n a r y s t e p i n t h e devel- opment of t h e n a t i o n . "

4. The +r i s immoral o r w r o n g ; no f u r t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n .

-

68

47

WIERDWAR THE WAR I S CONFUSED OR CONFUSING

5 2 2

0. Inap: no mention of t h e war i s confused o r con- f u s i n g .

.

I d o n ' t understand t h e war. (Emphasis on R ' s per- s o n a l l a c k of u n d e r s t a n d i n g . ) "It d o e s n ' t make s e n s e t o me."

.

The American people d o n ' t understand t h e war. American people i n c l u d e s "we, I' " t h e p u b l i c , I 1

"American s o l d i e r s " "The s o l d i e r s don' t know what t h e y ' r e f i g h t i n g f o r .

"

"The p u b l i c , i n c l u d i n g m y s e l f , never understood t h e war .'I

3

3 . American l e a d e r s ( o r t h e U. S. i n g e ~ e r a l ) don' t understand Vietnam o r t h e Vietnamese o r t h e n a t u r e of t h e war, More s o p h i s t i c a t e d t y p e of under- s t a n d i n g implied t h a n i n code 2. "There are d i f - f e r e n t c i v i l i z a t i o n s

-

w e ' r e s o d i s s i m i l a r

-

w e

can' t hope t o understand them."

I

6

9

4 8 BAD-ALLY . PROBLEMS WITH.SOUTH VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT, PEOPLE, OR

ALLIES

.52

1

0. Inap: n o , m e n t i o n of problems w i t h S.V, g o v ' t , p e o p l e or. a l l i e s .

7

1. Negative c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of S. Vietnamese g o v ' t

-

c o r r u p t , weak, d o e s n ' t f i g h t , i n e p t . (Code ambiguous "they" as 1 ) "They're making money s e l l i n g o u r

boys heroin."

10 2. Negative c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of S. Vietnamese people.

11 The Vietnamese d o n ' t show any a p p r e c i a t i o n . "

O

3 . South Vietnamese government l a c k s popular s u p p o r t .

Deck 0 1

V a r

.

Column Var

.

11

Name

70 49

WEITHEY

SUMMARY: Code r e f e r e n c e t o United S t a t e s o r U . S .

government a s "we" v s . "they" i n Q17a-b.

a\

0. Inap: R does n o t r e f e r t o U.S. government as .

e i t h e r we o r they.

2'3

1. R r e f e r s t o U.S. g o v ' t a s "we"

44

2. R r e f e r s t o U.S. g o v ' t a s "they"

21 3 . R r e f e r s t o U.S. g o v ' t a s b o t h "we" and "they"

71 50 C O D M L E ? Response n o t codable i n c o l s . 60-70'

425

0. Inap: ~ o d e d 5 , 8 , o r , 9 i n c o l . 59; o r e n t i r e r e s p o n s e coded i n c o l s . 60-70.

1. Other: e n t i r e o r p a r t of r e s p o n s e t o Q17a-b c o h e r e n t , b u t n o t c o d a b l e i n c o l s . 60-70.

2. Other: e n t i r e o r p a r t of r e s p o n s e t o Q17a-b c o h e r e n t , b u t c o n t r a d i c t s r e s p o n s e t o - 1 7

.

7

3. Other: _{n o t codable i n c o l s . 60-70 and p a r t of r e s p o n s e} p a r t of r e s p o n s e cu Q17a-b c o h e r e n t , b u ~ : _, t o Q17a-3 coherent, buc c o i i t r a d l c t s r e s p o n s e t o 17.'

DK f o r e n t i r e r e s p o n s e _{. . . , . .} i

. .

NA: e n t i r e r e s p o n s e i n c o h e r e n t and n o t codable, .

D e t r o i t Area Study U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan

Column Var. f

Var

.

Name

-

DAS 468581

. Card 02

Proi e c t Number (8581)

Card Number (02) .

..

I n t e r v i e w Number (DAS I n t e r v i e w Number)

(From f a c e s h e e t , l e f t margin)

Deck 02

Var

.

Column. Var.

-

Name

Q17a. Why would you s a y i t was n o t a m i s t a k e ? (PROBE I F NOT CLEAR: e.g., Would you ex-

p l a i n a l i t t l e more why you t h i n k i t was n o t a m i s t a k e ?

Q17b. Is t h e r e any o t h e r r e a s o n why you t h i n k i t

i

was n o t a m i s t a k e ?

Code Q 17a-b u s i n g t h e t h e m a t i c codes l i s t e d i n c o l s . 11-6: Each column c o r r e s p o n d s t o a theme.

Code e a c h - th a n e t h a t a p p e a r s i n t h e r e s p o n s e . More t h a n one thememay a p p e a r i n a s i n g l e p h r a s e o r s e n t e n c e . I f t h e r e a r e more t h a n two mentions of o n e theme (column), code t h e f i r s t mention ( u n l e s s i t i s low p r i o r i t y ) and make c a r d g i v i n g second mention ( i n d i c a t e i t a s second

--

mention).

Code o n l y t h e p a r t s of t h e r e s p o n s e t h a t i n d i c a t e why R t h i n k s t h e U.S. d i d n o t make a m i s t a k e .

i

I1 5 1 C.KniST VIETNAM IMFORTANT TO AMERICAN INTERESTS

m

4bO

0. IAP, no mention of V i e t n a n v s importance t o U.S.

I _{i n t e r e s t s .}

22

1. C o n c e r n w i t h D e f e n d i n g U.S. f r o m e x t e r n a l t h r e a t .

"Better t o f i g h t Communists t h e r e t h a n have them come t o U.S."

2. I m p o r t a n t t o p r e v e n t s p r e a d o f Communism t o o t h e r S o u t h e a s t A s i a n c o u n t r i e s ( I n c l u d e e x p l i c i t state- ment of domino t h e o r y )

3. Important t o s p r e a d of Communism.

3

.

4. I m p o r t a n t t o make show of f o r c e t o Communists. "Let them g e t away w i t h i t , t h e n t h e y ' l l do i t everywhere."

8

5. Important t o p r o t e c t freedom ( o r s t o p o p p r e s s i o n ) . .

(No r e f e r e n c e t o Communists.) "1 t h i n k i t ' s i m p o r t a n t

I

t o p r o t e c t f r e e n a t i o n s " .

I

3

6. Important t o m a i n t a i n world peace.

4

7. U.S. has economic i n t e r e s t s i n a r e a . " W e wanted some raw m a t e r i a l s . "

-

8. A l t e r n a t i v e t o sending t r o o p s would have been worse

Deck 02

Var

.

column ~ a r .

11'

-

Name

1 2 5 2 US-OIMEC U.S. ACHIEVED ITS OBJECTIVES

513

0 . INAP, n o m e n t i o n o f U . S . a c h i e v i n g i t s o b j e c t i v e s

8

1. U.S. p r o t e c t e d from e x t e r n a l t h r e a t . "If we h a d n ' t they would have come here."

2. U.S. stopped s p r e a d of Communism t o o t h e r S o u t h e a s t Asian C o u n t r i e s . "They would have taken Cambodia,

too. "

3. U. S. prevented s p r e a d of tZommunism. " W e stopped spaeading f o r a while."

4. U. S. Lontained China and/or Russia.

-

8

5 . U. S. prevented takeover of South Vietnam ( o r es-

t a b l i s h e d a v i a b l e government). "We h e l d t h a n o f f

."

"We evened t h e s i d e s by coming in."

6. U.S. achieved peace i n t h e world. "Brought peace."

) 7. U.S. p r o t e c t e d i t s economic t h r e a t s . " W e keep t h o s e people f o r o u r s e l v e s , n o t f o r themselves."

1 3 53 - x4D-SEND U.S. HAD TO SEND TROOPS

510

0. INAP, no mention of U. S. having t o send t r o o p s .

1 I 1. U.S. o b l i g a t i o n s t o p r o t e c t peace ( o r p e a c e f u l c o u n t r i e s ) (Focus i s on g e n e r a l U.S. o b l i g a t i o n s ) " I f war b r e a k s o u t , we have t o send troops." "Our

- o b l i g a t i o n t o t h e p e a c e f u l c o u n t r i e s of the world."

17

2. Someone had t o s t o p Communists o r h e l p Vietnam ( I m p l i e s U.S. had t o r e a c t t o s p e c i f i c s i t u a t i o n ) . "Somebody had t o help. "

1 3 . Once U.S. involved i n war, must c o n t i n u e . "After you send i n t h e t r o o p s , you have t o f i n i s h it."

2

4. War i s i n e v i t a b l e . "There w i l l a l a a y s b e war."

-20-

Deck 0 2 '

. V a r .

Name

.

-

1 4 5 4 SVN-VICT SOUTH TXIETNAM VICTIM OF AGRESSION

9 s

0. INAP, no mention of S o u t h V i e t n a m a s v i c t i m of a g r e s s i o n . '

-

1. North ~ i e t n a m ' . t h r e a t e d e d South Vietnam

-

2. - Russia and/or China t h r e a t e n e d South Vietnam ,

.

i-7.

3 . South Vietnam c o u l d n ' t h e l p themselves. ( I m p l i e s

U.S. h e l p was needed. "If p e o p l e c a n ' t h e l p them- s e l v e s .

.

"

-

1 4. U.S. saved South Vietnamese l i v e s . "we saved l o t s

of b a b i e s , too."

5. South Vietnam oppressed by t h e Communists. "Oppressed a g a i n s t t h e i r w i l l .

"

ACTION OF U.S. AUTHORITIES LEGITIMATE

szb

0. I N N , no mention of l e g i t i m a c y of U.S. a u t h o r i t i e s r a c t i o n s

.

4

1. U.S. asked t o h e l p by South Vietnamese. "we were asked i n t o t h e war by t h e p o l i t i c i a n s of t h a t country."

3

2. U.S. o f f i c i a l s understood a c o n f u s i n g s i t u a t i o n (and knew what t o do). "They know what h e l p w a s

needed.

"

5

3. U.S. o f f i c i a l s t r y i n g t o do something good o r c o r r e c t . "To h e l p t h e (Vietnamese) people. "

I 4. There were a c c e p t a b l e r e a s o n s f o r U.S. involvement, b u t they a r e unknown t o respondent. "There must have been r e a s o n s f o r it."

5

5 T r u s t i n o f f i c i a l s ' a b i l i t y and i n t e g r i t y g e n e r a l l y . "Government u s u a l l y d o e s t h e r i g h t t h i n g . I'

1 6 56 DONS-INT VIETNAM I S IMPORTANT TO U.S. DOMESTIC INTERESTS

- -

542

0. INAP, no mention of Vietnam's importance t o U.S. ! .

domestic i n t e r e s t s . .- -

\

-