EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AMONG BUS
DRIVERS
Ms. Swapna. M. K
Assistant Professor, Amity College of Nursing, Amity University
ABSTRACT
Bus driving is a good living but the job kills them overtime. The job characteristics of bus drivers includes increased work pace and traffic, shift work, rigid time schedules and noise in combination with prolonged exposure to toxic fumes from other vehicles. These are the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed study the knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases for bus drivers. Quasi experimental one group Pretest and Post test design was selected to determine the effectiveness of education. A convenient sampling technique was adopted to select 50 samples. The knowledge questionnaire on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was used to collect the data, it consisted of habitual, dietary, sleep pattern, and also risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. A planned teaching programme was developed and imparted knowledge to bus drivers on risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The result shown that the mean post test knowledge score was higher than the mean pretest score. The mean pretest score was 3.02 and increased to 25.18 during post test with an average increase of 22.0.
I. Introduction
Good Health is the prerequisite of human productivity and developmental process. Each individual has the right to a standard of living adequate for health of himself, and family, as health is both a personal responsibility and public concern. Health care services are designed to meet the health needs of the individuals and community through the use of available knowledge and resources for preventing diseases, promoting, maintaining and restoring health.
work stressors such as traffic, increasingly tight running schedules from commercial pressure have compounded the situation for bus drivers.By improving the human side of the role it is expected that the efficiency of the transport will be enhanced for bus drivers, passengers alike.
According to World Health Organization, about 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. Most Cardiovascular deaths can be prevented by adding behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol using population wide strategies. To relieve the feel of stress and fatigue the level of smoking and consumption of alcohol in bus drivers were very high. The work place is an important location of successful prevention strategies because employees today spend a growing amount of time at workplace and employee can influence behavior by providing a supportive environment.
Primary prevention is a holistic approach where the care given measure to prevent specific diseases and promote health. Hence this study was designed to determine the knowledge of the bus drivers regarding cardiovascular diseases and attempted to educate them regarding prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
II. Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge of bus drivers on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases before Structured teaching programme.
2. To assess the knowledge of bus drivers on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases after Structured teaching programme.
III. Review of Literature
Holme et.al.,2000 conducted a study in USA on incidence of cardiovascular disease in 98 bus drivers ,the results shown that bus drivers had high blood pressure and increased lipid values accounted for their smoking habits, high serum cholesterol levels.
Raquelhirate and Luciana 2012 conducted a study on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among bus drivers with regards to clinical and demographic variables, data from 659 interstate bus drivers were the study samples. The clinical characterization of a young male population of interstate bus drivers revealed a high frequency of cardiovascular diseases risk factors as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
Dr.Sharvanan 2014 conducted a study on bus drivers. The study shows that non communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally and 244 transport bus drivers were the samples, out of 114 were tobacco consumers, 82 were smokers, and 32 were tobacco chewers and 139 subjects were alcohol consumers. Higher prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases with various perceived reasons and they were statistically risk for cardiovascular diseases.
IV. Methodology
One group Pretest post test design was adapted, 50 male bus drivers were the study subjects and selected for the study by convenient sampling technique. The planned structured Programme was administered on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The tool was developed by the researcher with the guidance of experts. The questionnaire contained three sections,
I Demographic variables
II Assessment of modifiable risk factors
III Knowledge related to risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
The pilot study was conducted before the main study and it elicited that the study was feasible. The tool was found to be highly reliable and valid. During the data collection, the researcher introduced herself to each subject and they were informed about the purpose of study and ethical clearance for the study was taken from the Ethical Committee.
V. Results
Assessment scores on Modifiable risk factors of CV diseases
Figure. 2: Comparison of dietary pattern of Participants before and after Structured Teaching Programme 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Pre test Post test
9% 96% P e rc e n ta g e %
Comparison of knowledge score regarding
life tyle in before and after education
6.00% 93.00% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00%
Pre test Post test
P e rc e n ta g e %
Risk factors on Knowledge scores of Cardiovascular diseases
Table .1 .Comparison of Knowledge score on cardiovascular disorders before and after Structured Teaching Programme.
The data presented in the table indicates that the mean post test knowledge score was higher than the mean pretest score.
Figure. 3. Comparison of overall knowledge score on cardiovascular disorders before and after Structured Teaching Programme.
VI Discussion
The present study revealed that the mean post test knowledge score was higher than the mean pre test score of Bus drivers. The mean pretest score was 0.34 and increased to 10.36 during post test with an average increase of 5.58.
0.00% 50.00% 100.00%
Pre test post test
12.10%
93.00%
P
e
rc
e
n
ta
ge
Comparison of overall knowledge score
before and after education
Mean Mean % SD mean
difference
„t‟ value
Pretest 1.82 9 1.63 8.54 14.0
[image:5.595.112.509.206.288.2] [image:5.595.74.496.418.635.2]The calculated t value 12.4 was greater than table value (1.660) at 49 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. This revealed a significant difference between pretest and post testknowledge score. A supportive study also shows same result by Farquar2007, conducted a study in Northern Californian bus drivers. In this mass education campaigns conducted against cardiovascular factors and bus drivers had great difference before and after Structured teaching programme.
VII Nursing Implications
Nursing Practice: Nurses can help the society by giving awareness related to risk of cardiovascular diseases in bus drivers.
Nursing Administration: In-service education Programmes and training programmes on cardiovascular diseases can be conducted for the staff nurses.
Nursing Education: Ensuring the education to student nurses for the importance of health of public service personnel.
Nursing Research: Continuous research and education will help the bus drivers to improve the health.
VIII Conclusion
The study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program to the bus drivers on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Hence this type of researches and education should be conducted in other parts of country for the improvement of health
IX Recommendations
Similar kind of study can be performed in large scale and in different settings.
Comparative study can be conducted between the health professional and on non professionals on risk factors of cardio vascular diseases.
References
1. John.L.M.andKathryn(2008)”Transport Research” Retrived on May 6, 2008
3. Gunn Johansson,(1998)”Cardiovascular Reaction Pattern among urban bus drivers “ Retrived on dated 10 April 2008 .
4. Black.M.Joyce (2005) Medical Surgical NursingClinical Management for continuity of care penny nama, 6thedition,Philadelphia,WBsaunders Company.
