“Cold Calling”:
what word means and significance• Napoleon III • Crimean War • Garibaldi
• Bismarck
• Augsleich of 1867
“Realism” in Politics Begins
• Marx
– “Scientific” as opposed to “Utopian” Socialism
– 1864 International Working Men’s Association (First
International)
– Internal divisions and
Brief Overview
Brief Overview
of
of
the Life and
the Life and
Charles Darwin
•Origin of the Species, 1859
•Thomas Malthus •Organic evolution
•“Survival of the Fittest”
•Religious concerns
•Descent of Man, 1871
•Man is just like all other
Scientific Developments
• Energy demands of Industrial Revolution
– Thermodynamics (Heat and Mechanical Energy)
– Faraday and electromagnetic induction with inefficient generators (perfected by Edison)
• Chemistry: Mendeleyev and periodic table • Biology and Medical Advancements
– Louis Pasteur and germ theory
– Joseph Lister and antiseptics (carbolic acid) – Ether
Realism in
Writing
• Comte and “positive knowledge”
• Literary
– Ordinary lives
– Exposing the dark realities
• Flaubert and Madam Bovary • Thackeray and Vanity Fair • Various works by Charles
Realism
• Realism began in France as a reaction to Romanticism in the 1850s to 1870s.
• This was not “art for arts’ sake”, but art with a social purpose.
• Realist artists tried to create images as close to reality as possible.
• Their themes revolved around the Industrial
• The Burden (1850-53) by Honore Daumier.
• Daumier depicts the humble and ordinary
struggling to survive the displacement and
anonymity brought about by the Industrial
Revolution.
• Honore Daumier’s was the greatest visual satirist in France. His caricatures such as the one of Louis Philippe on the top left were pictorial editorials on the political and social life of 19th Century
• Jean-Francois Millet, like Daumier, turned to the life of the
common people for his subject matter.
• Millet created a rural, peasant version of
heroic painting.
• At right the peasants stop their work to pray when the angelus is rung.
Cold Calling:
Specific names/events showing…• Everything is a result of only physical
forces: materialism
– Political practice – Political theory – Sciences
