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Automobile Platform Based on SWB Antenna with Heterogeneous. Network for Cloud Computing toward Seamless Prehospital. Emergency Healthcare Monitoring

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Automobile Platform Based on SWB Antenna with Heterogeneous

Network for Cloud Computing toward Seamless Prehospital

Emergency Healthcare Monitoring

Ke-Ren Chen

1

Ching-Mu Chen

2

Sen-Nien Yu

3

1

The Department of Electronic Engineering Chung Chou University of Science and

Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. keren@dragon.ccut.edu.tw

2

The Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chung Chou

University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. Corresponding author:

kchen@dragon.ccut.edu.tw

3

The Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology Chung Chou

University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. sunnien@dragon.ccut.edu.tw

Abstract

In this paper, we present the pervasive vehicular healthcare monitoring (VHM) system whose automobile hosts (AHs) by heterogeneous cloud resources and planar super wideband (SWB) antenna for multimode broadband vehicular healthcare communication (BVHC) applications. The novel VHM scenario uses a cloud computing for promising driving safety applications (DSAs). The VHM system with the wider operating bandwidth will availably extend cloud resources exceeding many times than the conventional narrowband communication system. The proposed cloud AH can widely offer radio cloud resources whose impedance bandwidths at least cover 1.69~20 GHz. This broadband cloud AH not only offers an efficiently and economically cloud resources to construct the roadside units (RSUs) with a cost-effective way for ubiquitous mobile authentication but also one by utilizing cloud computing gives emerging real-time safety monitoring. It is suitable for drivers toward pervasive BVHC applications.

Keywords: cloud computing; super wideband antenna; broadband vehicular healthcare communications; pervasive vehicular healthcare monitoring

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1. Introduction

Broadband vehicular communication (BVHC) systems with the potential promising and developing technology will realize numerous exciting applications. These emerging BVHC applications are categorized as driving safety applications (DSAs), intelligent transport efficiency (ITE) and broadband access applications (BAAs) [1-3]. These associated BVHC applications heavily carry on broadcasting transmission with related traffic information to all high speed vehicle hosts (AHs) within a certain geographical. However, the broadcast storm problem raises serious challenge for instance collisions in transmission among neighboring nodes and blindly broadcasting packets may lead to frequent contention especially when the traffic situation is jammed on the highway [4]. The unreliable channel conditions and multipath interference decreasing the quality of channel capacity, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) still pose extreme and stringent constraints, containing data dissemination, data sharing, and associated security issues that will have a strong influence on the future of BVHC applications [5]. The developing seamless BVHC technologies can be integrated to support vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and intravehicle communications for emerging ITE applications [6]. It is also worthwhile noting that integrating the wider cloud resources can envision the coverage and improve the connectivity for exponentially increased multimedia traffic data by a pervasive computing [7-8]. The vision for future BVHC will support the interoperability of heterogeneous wireless technologies on the advanced BVHC applications [9-10]. Many vehicles have a long life span, lasting several years in most countries and many limitations in the radio frequency (RF) technologies, the roadside units (RSUs) opened up big challenges. It did not provider many sufficient RSUs on the whole highway with a cost-intensive investment. Many BVHC applications must be processed by the DSA service in real-time on the driving vehicle but the inefficient cloud resources could lead to vehicle malfunctions, driving errors, and consequently to physical damages and injuries. The high speed AHs with available BVHC applications supported in IP-based for seamless BVHC services are urgently deployed throughout the world, involving the automotive industry, policy makers and service providers [11].

As above motivations, this paper proposed an emerging BVHC cloud device in which mobile platform by an antenna and cloud technology creates a new cost-effective scenario to reduce the cost of BVHC applications. This cloud device enables to offer an efficient radio cloud resources (BW% >170%) to allow drivers, police officer and investigator to continue monitoring a more safe driver way. The proposed cloud BVHC device with compact antenna had been successfully simulated and measured. The detailed cloud computing analysis from VHM cloud server was given.

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2. The Pervasive Cloud Device with Multimode Operating Cloud Resource

Cloud computing concept shares the resources of cloud server, including hardware, software and database that it ensures the quality of remote service, security and reliability. Cloud computing technology provides many mobile AH’s demand based on emerging Internet technology including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), and Platform as a Service (PaaS) [7-8]. The detailed concept model of cloud computing for BVHC applications is shown in Figure 1. Cloud computing can provider many emerging promising applications associated promoting driving safety and transport efficiency on high speed vehicle. The vehicular clusters with dynamic access patchs include variable mobile sinks on which their cluster header uses some tiny wireless sensors to exactly measure the AH’s signal. The AHs based on many cloud resources by utilizing super wideband antenna (covering all commercial and non commercial wireless cloud resources) relay to near second generation/third generation/fourth generation (2G/3G/4G) base stations (BS) or far 2G/3G/4G mobile communication BS with a backhaul transmitting way.

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To satisfy the pervasive computing requirement of cluster headers, the planar antenna must be obtained by compact infrastructure design. The VHM system applies a planar SWB antenna as relay antenna for wider cloud resources on high speed AHs. The relay SWB antenna not only covers short distant transmitting cloud resources but one also can offer middle/long distant transmitting cloud resources. The short distant transmitting cloud resources include the Bluetooth, the ZigBee and ultra wideband (UWB) systems. The Bluetooth and the ZigBee cloud resources by using ISM (industry, scientific and medical) operating band for ITE applications the former providers a shorter transmitting rang (<10m) and the latter offers a middle transmitting rang (>100m) between a cluster header and another cluster header. The mobile AHs based on VHM system can give an auto-diagonal system for safety driving that detects and monitors the critical vehicular components within the automobile in real-time and one uses a shorter (<15m) and broadband transmitting technology (UWB, 3.1–10.6 GHz).

If the AHs driving on highway can smoothly access on a cheaper WLAN, the mobile vehicle by cloud computing for supporting DSAs to achieve a satisfied safety monitoring and the header of cluster B and the header of cluster C choice the 3-5-6-b-c-d-e and the 4-5-6-b-c-d-e routings, respectively. In high mobility, BVHC system by using public AP cannot afford a seamless and smooth handoff for DSA/ITE applications. Especially, the total vehicle traffic flows suddenly and instantly increases or faces the serious jammed region. Generally, many drivers or passengers by using unlicensed cloud resources (WLAN) play the high definition (HD) online game or entertain HD video on demand at above jammed traffic flow. The critical strategy is applied by public cloud resources, including variable telecommunication operator.

Since these 2G/3G/4G BS providing a high quality handoff with quality of service (QoS) had been working for enormous users, ones also offer the associated and available BVHC information to many vehicular clusters. These 2G/3G/4G BS can easily give a traditional cell phone communication and enable to offer a cheaper RUSs for BVHC applications at isolated region. As isolated area lack of WLAN resources, the VHM cloud device cannot use the traditional ISM-AP routing to offer a high speed BVHC services. The cluster A can easily to access a 2G/3G/4G BS, connecting a public cloud resources to the BVHC centralized sever whose cloud resources (including Saas, PaaS and Iaas architectures) integrates with the BVHC authentication, the automobile maintenance database, the motor vehicle database and driver information database for real-time safety driving monitoring (following 6-1-2-a-b-d-e routings).

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Figure 2. All IP service on the driving safety monitoring for BVHC.

When the 2G/3G/4G BS is busy the header of cluster A by using mobile computing technology can also select another backhaul path accessing desired 2G/3G/4G BS to support the VHM cloud computing (following 6-9-8-2-a-b-d-e routings). At the same reason, the header of cluster D can also choice the backhaul or nonbackhaul way. More specifically, the 2G/3G/4G BS is compatible to RUSs in which this economic multimode cloud resource not only providers a novel cheaper way (RSUs) to rapidly apply to any developing country but also one instantly offers any pervasive BVHC applications.

VHM system offer vital driving safety monitoring yet, the high speed AHs can eagerly require a real-time alarm by HD video conference connecting to cloud server. This VHM system will offer a novel cloud device in which mobile platform will achieve an all IP service on the safety driving monitoring, as shown in Figure 2.

3. The SWB Antenna of Cloud Device: Simulated/Measured Results

The novel cloud device with monopole antenna based on super wideband performances (ratio bandwidth > 12.5:1) for multiband cloud resources access is illustrated in Figure 3. It is printed on an inexpensive FR4 substrate (permittivity 4.4, and loss tangent 0.02) with dimension 77 × 35 mm2. The egg-shaped radiating element is comprised of two major parts. The upper part is a half-elliptical radiating element with major and minor axis set at R1 = 23.48 mm and R2 = 10 mm,

respectively, while the bottom part connected to a 50 Ω microstrip feed line is a simple half-circular radiating element with radius R3 = 10 mm. To achieve optimum impedance matching, the

egg-shaped element is located above the ground plane with a gap g = 0.52 mm, and the upper horizontal portion of the ground plane is loaded by an open-ended isosceles triangular slot. Here,

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the length of the open-ended slot located directly beneath the feed-line end is l = 5 mm, while its depth is d = 9 mm. Note that the size of the ground plane is 43 × 35 mm2.

Figure 3. The novel cloud device with SWB monopole antenna.

To fully comprehend how the various vital parameters of the proposed antenna will affect the antenna’s performances that the parametric studies of the proposed antenna use the commercialized simulation software, Ansoft HFSS ver. 11 [12]. The measured and simulated return losses of the proposed antenna and both results are generally in good agreement, as shown in Figure 4.

For the slight disagreement exhibited between the two results at frequency band above 12 GHz, it may be attribute by the feeding probe and unexpected tolerance during the process of fabricating the proposed antenna. Notably, since the VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) model number Agilent N5230A available to the authors can only measure up to 20 GHz; hence, the exact bandwidth (above 20 GHz) of the SWB antenna is disregarded in this paper.

From the measured return loss result, the proposed SWB antenna is able to provide a 10-dB bandwidth of more than 170 % (from 1.6 GHz up to 20 GHz); while it’s measured ratio bandwidth is definitely exceed 12.5:1. Furthermore, with reference to the lower-end operating frequency (fL = 1.6 GHz) that meets at 10-dB return loss, the electric dimension of the proposed

antenna can be calculated as 0.187 λ × 0.41 λ. These measurements have further verified that the proposed SWB antenna is also suitable for short/long broadband cloud resources access on ubiquitous safety driving monitoring.

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include Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB, DCS, PCS, UMTS, WiMAX2600, and LTE2500 system but also one by utilizing cloud computing from centralized and remote server gives a real-time healthcare monitoring for mobile/nomadic vehicles. Pervasive cloud computing creates significant opportunities not only for ubiquitous safety driving monitoring at anytime and anywhere. BVHC cloud computing uses ICT technology accesses driver histories, automobile maintenances records, and other associated BVHC records from VHM centralized server. This cloud device provides the emerging BVHC applications. A wireless broadband systems connection between the BVHC cloud and cloud computing technologies (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) easily realizes centralized storage and resource sharing creates a virtual remote network, optimized data flow and improved efficiency in the use of BVHC applications.

Figure 4. The measured and simulated results for VHM applicatiobns.

4. The Contributions of Proposed VHM Cloud Device

The VHM cloud devices with wider operating cloud resources can available provide the BVHC infrastructure for DSAs or ITE applications. This mobile cloud devices relaying to public/nonpublic clouds can change automobile electronic industries adding commercial values for manufacturing company that a variety of microsensors pre-embedded on the vehicle can ubiquitously track and monitor driving activities. These emerging BVHC applications are categorized as DSAs, ITE and BAAs. The first DSAs application will increase driving safety by cooperative forward collision warning including co-operative traffic monitoring, avoiding road traffic collisions and avoiding rear-end collisions. The future goal of DSAs will offer wireless auto-diagnosis critical vehicular components for driving automobile in real-time safety monitoring. The main potential applications comprising curve speed alert, traffic signal violation alert, pre-crash sensing, emergency electronic brake light, cooperative forward collision alert, lane-change alert, left turn assistant, stop sign movement assistant, and so forth.

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It is known that DSAs extend the driver’s range of awareness so as to automatically increase driving safety at anytime and anywhere. The second ITE applications in light of traffic light advisory with an optimal speed, enhanced navigation, control of traffic flows, analysis of traffic congestion. The future ITE research will offer an optimum and smart navigation based on traffic conditions and flows for a more efficient and comfortable driving circumstances. The third BAAs applications derive the corresponding optimal tuning parameters for BVHC system, taking into account the current communication channel and traffic situation and those providing other added-value such as interactively on-road streaming, entertainment downloading and Internet access. It is suit for VANETs heavily carry on broadcasting transmission with related traffic information to all high speed AHs within a certain geographical.

The first contribution of this paper is presented a novel VHM scenario to offer a super wideband cloud resource integrated with cloud computing on telecommunication operator server. The VHM scenario can rapidly and economically provider many cheaper broadband RSUs with many frequency diversities to distribute and decrease the broadcast storm problem for vehicle that it raises serious challenge for instance collisions in transmission among neighboring nodes and blindly broadcasting packets may lead to frequent contention especially when the traffic situation is jammed within enormous AHs.

The second contribution of this paper is presented a promising VHM system can apply variable 2G/3G/4G BS in which heterogeneous networks by with efficient frequency diversities enable to choice the optimum radio resource to compensate the bad channel conditions and multipath interference, decreasing the quality of channel capacity. As above limitation, the existing VANETs still pose extremely stringent constraints, containing data dissemination, data sharing, and security issues that will have a strong influence on future BVHC applications. The proposed VHM system can give high-capacity cloud resources solving a variety of narrowband challenges, limited spectrum availability and the foreseen interference.

The third contribution of this paper is presented that promising VHM mobile cloud device can offer seamless BVHC technologies integrated to support vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and intravehicle communications, integrating the 2G/3G/4G cellular phone networks. It includes Digital Cellular System (DCS, 1.71–1.88GHz), Personal Communications System (PCS, 1.85–1.99GHz), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 1.92–2.17 GHz), Bluetooth (2.40–2.48 GHz), the global Long-Term Evolution (LTE2500, 2.50–2.69GHz), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX2600, 2.50–2.69 GHz) system can envision the coverage and improve the connectivity for exponentially increased multimedia traffic data, promoting the legacy VANET services.

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5. Conclusion

A simple VHM cloud device with compact SWB antenna for pervasive cloud computing is successfully designed. Since the proposed VHM cloud device whose antenna allows an impedance bandwidth of > 170 % and ratio bandwidth exceeding 12.5:1. It is also qualified to be an important radio cloud terminal for cloud computing. The VHM cloud device with an important step creates new cost-effective and potential solutions for RSUs that reduces the cost of associated telecommunication providers to envision the future ubiquitous BVHC applications.

References

[1] P. Papadimitratos et al, “Vehicular communication systems: enabling technologies,

applications, and future outlook on intelligent transportation,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 84-95, Nov. 2009.

[2] F. J. Martinez et al, “Emergency services in future intellgent transportion systems based on

vehicular communication networks, ”IEEE Trans. Intelligent Transportation Systems Mag., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 6-20, Jun. 2010.

[3] P. Kolios, V. Friderikos, and K. Papadaki, “Future wireless mobile networks, ” Trans. Veh.

Technol. Mag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24-30, Mar. 2010.

[4] R. Chen, W. L. Jin, and A. Regan, “Broadcasting safety information in vehicular networks:

issues and approaches, ”IEEE Network, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 20-25, Jan. 2010.

[5] Y. P. Fallah et al, “Analysis of information dissemination in vehicular Ad-Hoc networks with

application to cooperative vehicle safety systems, ”IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.,vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 233-247, Jan. 2011.

[6] F. Qu, F. Y. Wang, and L. Yang, “Intelligent transportation spaces: vehicles, traffic,

communications, and beyond,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 136-142, Nov. 2010.

[7] B. Grobauer, T. Walloschek, and E. Stöcker, “Understanding cloud computing vulnerabilities,”

IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 50-57, Mar. 2011.

[8] Z. J. Li, C. Chen, and K. Wang, “Cloud computing for agent-based urban transportation

systems, ”IEEE Trans. Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 73-79, Jan. 2011.

[9] M. Danzeisen et al, “Heterogeneous communications enabled by cellular operators, ” Trans.

Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-30, Mar. 2006.

[10] L. Zhou et al, “Availability-aware multimedia scheduling in heterogeneous wireless

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[11] C. Makaya and S. Pierre, “An architecture for seamless mobility support in IP-based

next-generation wireless networks, ”IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.,vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1209-1225, Mar. 2008.

[12] Ansoft HFSS ver. 11, 3D EM-field simulation for high performance electronic design. Ansoft

References

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