Nonparametric Estimation of Conditional Medians for Linear and Related Processes
Full text
(2) Discussion Paper #2005-04. Nonparametric Estimation of Conditional Medians for Linear and Related Processes (The former title is Least Absolute Deviation Regression for Long-range Dependent Processes). Toshio HONDA. September 2005 October 2007(revised).
(3)
(4)
(5) TOSHIO H ONDA.
(6) ! !" #$%$
(7) . . ! " ! " # $ ! # % ! # % ! %. & ' & ' ( # % " ( ) ( ( " ( " ( ( '( ! . ' * + *..+. . # ! #% #!. , * + - . ..
(8) , * +(. . . . ! ! . ( . / . , ( *+( #! ' * # %+. ! *+ !. . * +. #
(9) 0 ! ( 1( * + , *+ * +( . *+ ! *. . + ! % 2 % . ! ! 3%( ! ) ( 1( %# 4 ! %
(10) 5 67# *.889+ 3: *0//;+ %! 4! #%( $ *0//0+ 5 < *0//=+ % # ) >4 ? *.8@A+
(11) >4 *0//B+ % ) C ' " *.88.+ ! ! Æ . *.88.+ ) 5 *.88;+ *.88.+ # " ) 1 0.
(12) *.88.+ #! ! *.88.+ *.88.+ #% ! 4! #% ! *.88.+ 5 1(
(13) *.880+
(14) "1 3 *0///+ 3 *0//0+ 1 ! *.88.+ 3 *0//0+ ! *.88.+ D *0//9+
(15) "1 ! # #% #% 5 % " " ( % # "
(16) ? *.88;+( B >4$ *0///+( # *0//=+( 4 *0//=+ " " % # 1 " > 47 *.88=+ 6 *.889+ # " > *0//.+ 1 2 % " " ( ( 1( # *.88@+( 3 *.88@+( :E $ 4 *0///+( $ 4 *0//;+ 6 > *0//@+ $ 4 *0//0+ ! 1 ! 4 ! 3 *0///#+ " ) " 3 *0///#+( , *..+ % =.
(17) 1 7 ! 6 *.889+ < *0//;+ ) %!" 4 ! # " " 4( !! #% ! #% ( !! #% ! " 1 % 4 ! # *.88@+( < *0//;+( 6 > *0//@+ 21 ! F ! $ 4 *0//0+ $ 4 *0//;+ ) ( ) ( *..+ % #! $ 4 *0//;+ $ 4 *0//;+ # 3%( . . . . . . . % *;@+ #! $ 4 ! " #! 3 3 *.889( .88@+ % #! >
(18) *0//0+ *0//=+ 3 *0//9+( 4 ! %!" 2 * + , . 0 #! *.0+. , . . , . . ;. . . . .
(19) ! "$ % #! ( %! . . 0( . *.=+. . . . , . *.;+. . . . . * + , * + , . 0 . . . * + * + ! %! ( /( / . . , . , . % G ! * ."B
(20) 0+( % 4 ! # $ 4 *0//;+ % . . . *..+"*.;+. # 2 " "
(21) % % % . #!. * + *. . . . +. ( $. ( * + ! " % , *+ # ) . % ( Æ # "
(22) "1 Æ! ! ! . . . . . . . . . . 1 Æ
(23) 4 *.88;+ # 1 .
(24) "1 % " . . . . . * + , ! " % * + , # . . ,. (. . . . . B.
(25) ) . '" 1# F " 4 .( . * + ! * + . *.B+. . . . . . . . . . " *+ . . . . 0! + " , * *. +*0 + * + , . . ! ,. . . . . 2 * + !. . ! 1 " 4 . . . " F " . ! # # 3%( . 4 , .B( 0B , 0B. . $
(26) 0( ! # 0. %2
(27) ; " " 2 0. !
(28) = # $ 1 #! #
(29). ( %! * % + #! % %# % ' ! % % ( Æ( & # 2 #! *'+ , . ' / . ' / . . . % ##!( %! . 9.
(30)
(31) . 5 ."B . (=( B ! % #% 0 ! # % $ 4 *0//;+.
(32) *+ *..+ ! F# # .
(33) 1 ) # ! * + , / * + ! F# # H * + * + , / % ( Æ( Æ ( Æ ( I Æ Æ J
(34) I Æ - Æ J H * + Æ Æ Æ. . . 0 1 ) *+ # * *++ , / , * + % * + *+ % # * + . ? #! ) ( ! * +( 0( # * + Æ! .
(35) 4 ( *)+ # ! ! I! ! J % ! ' * , . . . . # ! ! 2 # 3%( % % #! * , * , .B+ 2 + , #! . + , ) ( *) +) . . , , ) ( *) +) . . . . . %! $ $
(36). @.
(37) #! 1 #%.
(38) ' - * + - * + ( %! % Æ Æ ( . . - * + Æ *. - +. . Æ. . - * + Æ*. - + Æ. . # % ! F# ! . . *+ /*+( %! ( ! %% ! *0.+. '* + ! . -.. . . '*0+ '* + ! . -.. 0 .. . ' , . . / / # % ! . 0 . ( . ! ! #! *.0+"*.;+ ; 2 #! , , . . .
(39). . . .
(40).
(41). .
(42). .
(43).
(44). 6 *.889+ >
(45) *0//.( 0//0+ ! . % ! F# ! ! % . ? ! %% ! *0.+ ! ! #! . *+ / *+( %! # ; , , . . *+ /*+ . *+ / *+( %! ! . . 0. =."= 3 *0//9+ ! A.
(46) *0.+ ; ! Æ . *+ /* +.
(47) . *+ / /* + /
(48) K ,. . . . . . . , ( * K . K , ,. ,. .
(49).
(50). . *.
(51). . .
(52).
(53). .
(54). K ++ , 1* + ! % . . . . . 1 2 2( . (. . , * +. . ( . . . , * + . ( #! . , * +. * + "2 #! %# " 2 *+ *.88.+ ?! ! 1 *+ ( %. ** + - . * * L + - * 0 * L # 2 , * + #! *00+ , **+ ** ++ 2 , - .0 * * * L + 2 , *. * +*+ **+ **++ #! 3M , *3M 3M+ 2 . , *+ -. *0=+. 3M , . *0=+ ( , ( **. . ( 2 3 . . . *+ 3M ) ! ( . +. #! 8.
(55) ! # ! * + . $ 4 2 . . *+ , 1* + , 1*.**++ 4 , * , 1* *++ 4 , * + .( 4 , ! # 3M #% 0( % " * + ( 4 % ! # 3M ! * + *+ % ( 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 % % # ! # ! $ 3M 2 5M( $ 3M( #!. . 3M *+. 5M , 4 M . . *0;+. 3 * * +. 5M *0B+. 5M , . ( 4 2 5. . . ? 0.( ! ( . *'+ ! 0 4 . . # ; . *'+ 1 # */ + . *09+. * *++ . */+ , /* *++ 6 6 . # . '' $' $$)
(56) * +,-+,.-, ./.
(57) 4 , *. 5M 7 . . . . . . ¼¼. /. . ,. .. ;. */+. *+ . / + ,. . 4 , * + . /. .. . . 5M , 0. */ + * * ++/ *+ . . . . . . /. . . . - 1 *.+ . ¾. 0. %
(58) ; *09+ ! . *+ , 6 * + * * ++ / 0. */ + 6 ! # 3
(59) #% 1 4 7 */ .+. . . . . .
(60) B0= >4$ 3 ! 0. . = $ 4 *0//;+ 3%( #( % % % * + . . . . ( 0
(61) *+ * + , 0. !! . ( **. *+( **. +. *+ , / 0*! . +. . ( ! Æ . 0 ...
(62) ( = .( 4 # # #% ( 0( F " % * + % #% . . !( # 1! Æ !
(63) $ 4 *0//;+ ...@ # Æ ! . ! 1 " % # 0"8 00. ) ) #!
(64) % *0//B+ >4 *0//9+ # ) #! !( . , * + - . *=.+. *+ , - # 0(=(9(@ *+ , # ;(B(A(8 $ 0// # 0/// # # % #!. . . . ! .
(65) * - .+ * * - .+ + , /
(66) * - .+ * * - .+ + , / . . . . . . . . . . . .0. . . . . / 888. ./// / 888. .///. . . . .
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
(68) %# * + I * - *J ) *+ #! #% %# # #% %# . *+ I * - *J 7 % # ; # ."8 . . # & . 4 ) 0B 3%( 4 . . . . "
(69) , .B 0B . # 0(;(9(A 0 , /B # 0"8 " . #! F = F " . (. ! . , ./ # @(8 ! #% %# *./+ # " . *./+
(70) *=0+"*=;+ ! # # #! ) # 3%( #% ( # * +
(71) . 0. # ( ' ;.";=( # %2 0. *..+" *.;+ * !+ % .;.
(72) . 2 ! # 4 **+ 5M. ( 2. * +(.
(73) '' $' $$.
(74) , & . /. , /. ( 2 * + 7 . . *+ . . 4 *. 4 *. . / ,. /. .. ( 2 * + - . . *+ * * ++/*+ . /. . . , 1 *.+ . ¾ % *0B+
(75) *00+ 2 2 .
(76) '' $' $$.
(77) , & /0. 5 4 *. . ,5. ( * 4 2 5 +. . /. . 5. */+. *+ *4. / +. . . ( 2 * + 5 - 1 *.+. . . ¾ # 5M .. .B.
(78)
(79) '' $' $$.
(80) , & . 4 *. . 4 , *. ( 2 * +. ( 2 * + - 4* * + * +. */+. *+ /+ - 1 *.+. . . . . ¾ % 0. . . # 4 * , . . 4 * , 1*.+. 0 *0B+ ) % . 4 5M , *. *;.+. . . ( * 4 2 5 +. . ?! ' ;0"=( % ! 21 5 $( *;0+. 4 *. . /. . 5. */+. *+ *4. . ,5. ( * 4 2 5 +. / +. . . ( 2 * + 5. . 4 * + * +. */ +. * + /+5 - 1 *.+ *. . . . . *.88.+( 5 *.88;+( 3 *0//0+( %1! *;0+ ! 5 & ! % & 3
(81) *;0+ ' ;. . 4 *. *;=+. . . ( 2 * + , *.+ . # *;=+( 4 * , *.+( ! *;0+( %1! #7% *;.+( 5M , *.+ #! . . .9.
(82) ?! 5M , *.+ ! *;0+ ( # ./ *;;+ 5M , 0. */. +. * + / +. . . . 4.
(83). *. ( 2 * + - 4* * + * +. */+. *+ /+ - 1 *.+. . . . . *;;+ ' ;. 3 . ¾. . 1 % * K + *K +( * K + & ( *K + & ( * K + *K + ) I! ! J % . . . ' ;."= % ' ;; # 2 8. . *;B+. 8. *;9+. 8. . . . %! #!. . , * K + * K + , *K + *K + . . . , 6'6 * K - '+. *;@+
(84) 8. 8. , 8 , /. . *;A+. . . . . . . 6 *K - '+ , 6' . . . . %. . . . . *;8+. 8. , * K + * K + K . 8. , *K + *K + K . . . % *) + , * +
(85) % *) + ! %
(86) % *) + , 1* +( % *) + , 1 * + . . . .
(87)
(88) '' $' $.
(89) &
(90) .@.
(91) ) I! ! J . . *;./+ 8 . . . & * - .+ Æ. . . 8 . . . & * - .+ Æ. . ' & Æ Æ - , . Æ - , . 0Æ . , . * K + *K + . . . . . . , * K + *K + - *K + . K - * K + . K - *& & * ++ - *K + *& * ++. Æ. . . . . Æ. . . . . - * + - *&* ++ . Æ. . . . Æ. . . . . ¾ %! ' ;; ' ;."= % ' ;; % ' ;. > *0//;+ 3%( ! % ' ;."= *;./+ % # %2 ' ;; *;./+ ' ;."=
(92) 9 >
(93) *0//0+ % ! *;./+ ' ;0
(94) ' ;9 .
(95) # # $ 4 *0//0+ $ 4 *0//;+ ! 2 ! 7 # N % 2 9 #! 9 , ( * + ( * + % #! *.0+ *;..+ *. ( * + K ,. ( - * * - K - K ++. *+/*+. * * K , ( *) + .* - )* + * * - )* ++/* K + ). .A.
(96) .
(97) * K + , .* - )* K + *K + , * * - )* ++/* K +. ' ;; ( #! 0 4 .( % ! ). . I! ! J( . . * K + , . * - )*+ , . *+ - **+. . *K + , * * - )* +/*+ , / , . * - )*+ , . * + - **+. . . , * - )* +/*+ , * +/*+ - 1*.+ *.0+"*.;+( 0 ;(
(98) 9 >
(99) *0//0+ *;./+ #! ' ;;( % Æ *;.0+. .. . * K + *K +. , . * + * * ++/*+ . . . . . ?! *;.0+( OP ) ! .. *;.=+. *. . . K - * +. Æ. . . . . , . * + ( *) + * * - )* ++/*+ ) . - * + .
(100) 4 . *;.;+. . 4 *. Æ. . . . (*)+)( 5 #P ( %. ( * + . . . . K . . , 1*.+ .(. ( * + .
(101) 1 *.+ , . *+ * * ++/*+ 4 . . .. . .8. . - 1 *.+ 0 .
(102) 1 ! * 8B0 *.8AA++ **+ 9
(103) 9 ! ( % ! %! %. . . ##! % ( * + !* * + , .( % % ! . 9 * K , . ( - . *+/ *+ - **+. . *. , .. , ,. . . * ( *) +.* - )* K +) - **+. . . . . * K + - **+ ,. * + . . .
(104) % % #( ' . .. 7 */ . *+, + * ( 4 * , 1*.+ 0( % . *;.B+. . .
(105) 7 */ . *+,+ , 1 *.+. 4 *. 9. . 9. .. 0 *;.;+ *;.B+ 3 .
(106) 2 : * + #! . *;.9+. : * + , 4 2 5 - 4 2 5 * +. .
(107) !* 4 , **+( ! . *;.@+. : * + 04 2 5; * !4 5+. .
(108) . 9 , ( : * + ( : * + . . 0/. ¾.
(109)
(110) . . 4 *. . ! 4 5. 9. **+. 5 ( ; * !4 5+ ! 4 *. . . . /. %. 4 *. *;.A+. . 9 , 1 *.+ . 0 * + # Æ! ) ! % ( ; * !4 5+ ) !. # %! *;./+ ' ;0"= 1 % #! *.0+(. 4 ( : * + * K , 4* ( - * : * - K - K +.*+/ *+ , ( *) + . * - )* K +4 : * - )* +/* K + ). . . . * K + , . * - )* K + ' ;. *K + , 4 : * - )* +/* K + ' ;; ?! ."0 4 .(. . . % ! ) I! ! J( . . *K + , **. ) +5+. */+ - 1*.+ , 4 : * - )* +/*+ , *.+. . . . *;./+ *.0+"*.;+( .( 0( ;(
(111) 9 >
(112) *0//0+ % ! *;./+ ' ;9 #! ' ;;( % .. . . * K + *K + , **. ) +5+. */ +. *+ - 1 *.+. . 0.. .
(113) ! *;.=+( #. 4 ( : * + * , ( *) +**. ) +5+). */+. * + - 1 *.+. *;.8+. . . /. . 5. */+. *+ - 1 *.+ . ,5. . / +. . . *;.A+ *;.8+ 3 . ¾.
(114) ' ;0 ! 2 2 9 #!. 9 , ( ** + * ++ ( ** + * ++ .
(115) !*(. . 4 *. *;0/+. . ;4 . . 9. **+. . . 4. * ( ; * !* + ! *. * 4 , ! /. 1 % #! *.0+(. 4 ( ** + * ++ * K , 4* ( - *
(116) ** * - K - K + * * - K - K ++. *+/ * +. , ( *) + . * - )* K +
(117) 4 ** * - )* + * * - )* ++/ * K + ).
(118) * K + , . * - )* K + ' ;. *K + , 4 ** * - )* + * * - )* ++/* K + ' ;; #!. . 00.
(119) *00+( . 0( 4 .( % ! ) I! ! J( . . *K + , 4 ) * +. */+ - 1*.+ * , 4 ** * - )* + * * - )* ++/*+ , *.+. . . . *;./+ *.0+"*.;+( .( 0( ;(
(120) 9 >
(121) *0//0+ #! ' ;;( # .. . * K + *K + , 4* ) * +. */+. * + - 1 *.+. . . . . 5! ! *;.=+ *;.8+( . 4 *. ( ** + * ++ 4 , +* +. */+. * + - 1 *.+. *;0.+. *. . . . *;0/+ *;0.+ 3 . ¾. ' ;B # % ' ;; ' ;B 7 2 # 1! ! " .
(122) 1 /
(123) , '' &
(124) 8 . / 8
(125) 8 , /, 2 &
(126) " & . ' 8 . / , '' " *;00+ 8 & * - .+ . . . . . . Æ. . ' & Æ *Æ - , .+, & *;0=+. * ". . . . 8 + . 0=. .
(127) * " 8 !& 1 " * + . " 8. *. . . . + -. . . . +. . Æ. ¾ 2 ) ! *;0=+ ! % ' 0 $ 4 *0//;+ ) ! *;00+ .
(128)
(129) ! ' ;B . . *;0;+. ,. . . . %!( #. .. . . * K + *K +. , .. . * K + *K + - K . - *&& * ++ Æ. . . . . , * K + *K + - *K + . K - . * K +K - *& & * ++ - *K + *& * ++. % . . .. *;0B+. . Æ. . * K +K . . Æ. . . . . . . . 1 *;0;+ . * K +K . , * K + . K - . K K . - * K + * K + K K . . 5 3
(130) *;0B+( % #! *.0+"*.;+( *;09+. .. . . K K . . 0;.
(131) , . . . .. K K K K. . *. - + K K. Æ. . . . . . . # 4 Æ *. . ! * +. .+. Æ. . 0. 3
(132) *;0B+( *.0+"*.;+ ;. * K
(133) + * K + K * K + * K + K J. I. *;0@+. !& * - .+ !&* - .+ . Æ. . Æ. . . . . . Æ - . . Æ - . .
(134) ' 9. >
(135) *0//0+ #! *.B+ K *;0@+(. % % # *;0A+ .. . * K + * K + K K , *&* ++. Æ. . . . . *;0;+"*;09+( *;0A+ 3 . ¾ *;./+ ' ;0 ' ;9 #.
(136) '' $' $ $ $.
(137) , 3 . . *K + , 4 : * - )* +/* K +. . ' & Æ 8. . . & * - .+ .1 <= ) I! ! J Æ. . . . >
(138) *0//0+ ! ! *.0+"*.;+ ; 8 % . 0B.
(139) 2 8 ( 8 ( 8 #!. , 4 : * - )* +*/ * K + / * K ++ - 4 : * - )* +/ * K + 8 , 4 : * - )* +*/ * K + / * K ++ 8 , 4 : * - )* +*/ * K + /*++. . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 8 , 8 - 8 - 8 . *;08+. . . . . : * - )* + * - )*+ !4 . % ! # 0 % 8 ( !. . < , . 0 = Æ 0( % #! P ) !( K. *;=/+. . Æ !. *. + Æ. !. . . !. !. . . . ! Æ . 5 8 . , 4 : * - )* +*/ . 8 . . . . . . . * - K. . . + / * K ++. . *B.;+ ' B0 >
(140) *0//0+ 4 . ! % . 0 . 8 ! *. K. *;=.+. . . . . . . . . . +. 3 % 8 ! . *;=0+. . . . 1 8 ?! ' B. >
(141) *0//0+( %. 8 ! 4 : * - )* +*. - K + ! . *;==+. . . . . . 09. .
(142) 5! 8 %# L " ! K 1 L #! L ?! . . . L. . . L ( 8 . . 4 : * - )* +*/ * K L 4 : * - )* +*/ * L . 8 , . . . . . . . . . . . . + / * ++. + / * ++ . . ?! *B.=+ ' B0 >
(143) *0//0+( % . 0( *;=;+. L 4 : * - )* +*/ * L . . *;=B+. . . ! L L. . . . ! *K. . . . . L . 4 : * - )* +*/ * K . . + / * ++. K . . . . + / * ++. . +. *;=;+ *;=B+ ! *;=9+. 8 ! I K . . . - K J. *;08+( *;=/+( *;=0+( *;==+( *;=9+ 3 . ¾. . % # %! . 0@.
(144) ?( O *.88;+
(145) * ' <4& Q 3. ( *.88.+ ) ? $
(146) ( ( @9/R@@@. ( <
(147) ( ( 3 *.8AA+ %
(148) *0 + <4&
(149) . :E(
(150) $ 4( O *0///+ ! " " "! # % % ( ( @@.R@A@ 4( *.88;+ 40*5 ' ' 0'
(151) '
(152) ( <4&
(153) 4( ( ( 6( )) (
(154) *+ *0//=+ ''
(155) .
(156) ** ' ?&?4: 6( '( > ( 3 '(
(157) ( *.889+ ! ! " ! 6 %
(158) 1( ( =.@R==B 5( O( 67#( *.889+ 1
(159) '
(160)
(161)
(162)
(163) * ''
(164) '& Q 3 5( O( 3 ( " ( ( < > *.88;+ # . #
(165) ( ( A9@RAAB 5( O( <( C *0//=+
(166) <4&
(167) 6 ( 3( > ( 3 ' *0//@+ ! #
(168)
(169) %
(170) * 2 ( ( =@8R;/; 3( ( ( '( <( C *0//0+ %! #
(171) $
(172) ( ( =.=R==. 3:( ( :( (
(173) (
(174) ( $( *0//;+ ' ' 0A.
(175)
(176) ?&
(177) 3( 5 O *.88@+ ! % #
(178) $
(179) ( ( 8BR.00 3( 3" ( 3( *.889+ ! 1 "! % % $
(180) ( ( 880R./0; 3( 3" ( 3( *.88@+ ' % % . $
(181) %
(182) ( ( .9=9R.998 3( *0///+. )
(183) "1. $
(184) 2
(185) 4 ( ( ;B8R;@/ 3( *0///#+. . " #
(186) #'
(187) ( ( .08R .;0 3( *0//9+ '
(188) ' & /. S0//B".=( 6
(189) ( 3 # G%!( 4! >4( *0//B+ 7
(190) * <4& # G%! >4( *0//9+ ) & C 4 % =8/*&TT" 7+ >4( ( ?( 6 *.8@A+ ) ( ( ==RB/ > ( 3 ' *0//0+ 3* '
(191) '
(192)
(193) *0 + '
(194) ( <4&
(195) > ( 3 '( ?( (
(196) ( *0//;+ 2 ! % ( ( ;ABRB.0 > ( 3 '( 47( > *.88=+ ! "( "( ' " 08.
(197) ( %
(198) . (
(199) 8
(200) ( ( B=BRBB= > ( 3 '(
(201) ( *0//.+ ! ! % % 2 % % $''
(202) (. ( =/8R==9 > ( 3 '(
(203) ( *0//0+ ! 1 ! % % 3 ( 4(
(204) U *+. '
(205) ' 9 ' *0.=R0=8+ ?&?4: $ 4( O( ( ? *0//;+ . ( ( ../BR..09 $( ( ?:( ( 4( *0//0+ 4 #! 1 ! $
(206) ( ( =8@R;=/ ( '( <( C *0//;+ 2 % $
(207) 2
(208) 4 ( ( @=RA9 ( *.88.+ ! # % . ( ( .A9R8A % *0//B+. (5 $
(209) **
(210). '* V& 5
(211) *G' &TT" 7+ #( *.88@+ '" " $
(212) ( ( 0/B;R0/A= #( *+ *0//=+ &
(213) * <4&1 G" %! ( ( >4$( < *0///+ $'
(214) =/.
(215) <4&
(216) ( < >(
(217) ( O *.880+ %% $
(218) ( ( @@R8@ ( ? *0//=+ "! ) :
(219)
(220) ( ( A/8RA=. ( ?( $ 4( O *0//0+ > ! . $
(221) ( ( .;;.R.;B8 D( D( ( ? *0//9+
(222) 9
(223) *
(224) .
(225) B@0(
(226) ( G%! (. . =..
(227) Table 1: Parameters of tables Table 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. γx. 2.5. 0.5. 2.5. 0.5. 2.5. 0.5. 2.5. 0.5. u(x). x2+x4. x2+x4. cos(x). cos(x). x2+x4. x2+x4. cos(x). cos(x). dist.. N(0,1). N(0,1). N(0,1). N(0,1). t3. t3. t3. t3.
(228) Table 2:γx=2.5, N(0,1), u(x)=x2+x4 0.5. γz h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 0.016. 0.026. 0.039. 0.013. 0.022. 0.033. 0.003. 0.017. 0.031. bias. 0.016. 0.026. 0.039. 0.013. 0.022. 0.033. 0.003. 0.017. 0.031. var. 0.271. 0.258. 0.248. 0.088. 0.070. 0.062. 0.074. 0.052. 0.043. mse. 0.271. 0.258. 0.249. 0.088. 0.071. 0.063. 0.074. 0.053. 0.044. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.347. 0.370. 0.403. 0.332. 0.361. 0.394. 0.325. 0.347. 0.383. bias. 0.035. 0.058. 0.091. 0.020. 0.049. 0.082. 0.013. 0.035. 0.071. var. 0.282. 0.263. 0.255. 0.103. 0.081. 0.069. 0.080. 0.057. 0.047. mse. 0.284. 0.266. 0.263. 0.103. 0.083. 0.076. 0.080. 0.058. 0.052. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 2.048. 2.127. 2.220. 2.044. 2.119. 2.208. 2.051. 2.124. 2.209. bias. 0.048. 0.127. 0.220. 0.044. 0.119. 0.208. 0.051. 0.124. 0.209. var. 0.321. 0.283. 0.272. 0.148. 0.109. 0.095. 0.121. 0.085. 0.068. mse. 0.323. 0.299. 0.320. 0.150. 0.123. 0.138. 0.124. 0.100. 0.112. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
(229) Table 3:γx=0.5, N(0,1), u(x)=x2+x4 0.5. γz h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 0.022. 0.028. 0.041. 0.014. 0.020. 0.031. 0.000. 0.009. 0.026. bias. 0.022. 0.028. 0.041. 0.014. 0.020. 0.031. 0.000. 0.009. 0.026. var. 0.295. 0.274. 0.266. 0.106. 0.085. 0.073. 0.077. 0.056. 0.047. mse. 0.295. 0.275. 0.267. 0.106. 0.085. 0.074. 0.077. 0.056. 0.048. NA4. 2. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. NA. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.341. 0.364. 0.395. 0.332. 0.358. 0.389. 0.325. 0.348. 0.380. bias. 0.029. 0.052. 0.083. 0.020. 0.046. 0.077. 0.013. 0.036. 0.068. var. 0.298. 0.284. 0.279. 0.131. 0.103. 0.088. 0.099. 0.072. 0.055. mse. 0.299. 0.286. 0.285. 0.132. 0.105. 0.094. 0.099. 0.073. 0.060. NA4. 4. 1. 0. 9. 2. 1. 4. 1. 0. NA. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 2.058. 2.114. 2.199. 2.041. 2.111. 2.196. 2.036. 2.103. 2.198. bias. 0.058. 0.114. 0.199. 0.041. 0.111. 0.196. 0.036. 0.103. 0.198. var. 0.415. 0.367. 0.356. 0.245. 0.198. 0.172. 0.213. 0.163. 0.171. mse. 0.418. 0.380. 0.396. 0.247. 0.210. 0.210. 0.215. 0.173. 0.210. NA4. 94. 41. 17. 87. 37. 18. 89. 43. 23. NA. 8. 3. 3. 10. 5. 2. 10. 3. 0.
(230) Table 4:γx=2.5, N(0,1), u(x)=cos(x) 0.5. γz h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 1.005. 0.999. 0.991. 1.002. 0.995. 0.986. 0.992. 0.990. 0.984. bias. 0.005. -0.001. -0.009. 0.002. -0.005. -0.014. -0.008. -0.010. -0.016. var. 0.272. 0.258. 0.248. 0.089. 0.071. 0.063. 0.074. 0.052. 0.043. mse. 0.272. 0.258. 0.248. 0.089. 0.071. 0.063. 0.074. 0.052. 0.043. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.889. 0.883. 0.876. 0.874. 0.873. 0.867. 0.867. 0.861. 0.855. bias. 0.011. 0.005. -0.002. -0.004. -0.005. -0.011. -0.011. -0.017. -0.023. var. 0.283. 0.263. 0.253. 0.103. 0.080. 0.068. 0.080. 0.056. 0.046. mse. 0.283. 0.263. 0.253. 0.103. 0.080. 0.068. 0.080. 0.057. 0.047. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.533. 0.541. 0.544. 0.528. 0.533. 0.527. 0.535. 0.540. 0.534. bias. -0.007. 0.001. 0.004. -0.012. -0.007. -0.013. -0.005. 0.000. -0.006. var. 0.320. 0.281. 0.271. 0.146. 0.109. 0.091. 0.122. 0.084. 0.064. mse. 0.320. 0.281. 0.271. 0.146. 0.109. 0.091. 0.122. 0.084. 0.065. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
(231) Table 5:γx=0.5, N(0,1), u(x)=cos(x) 0.5. γz h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 1.011. 1.001. 0.991. 1.002. 0.993. 0.982. 0.988. 0.982. 0.979. bias. 0.011. 0.001. -0.009. 0.002. -0.007. -0.018. -0.012. -0.018. -0.021. var. 0.295. 0.275. 0.265. 0.106. 0.085. 0.072. 0.078. 0.056. 0.047. mse. 0.295. 0.275. 0.265. 0.106. 0.085. 0.073. 0.078. 0.056. 0.047. NA4. 2. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. NA. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.884. 0.878. 0.872. 0.876. 0.871. 0.864. 0.868. 0.862. 0.857. bias. 0.006. 0.000. -0.006. -0.002. -0.007. -0.014. -0.010. -0.016. -0.021. var. 0.297. 0.282. 0.279. 0.131. 0.103. 0.089. 0.099. 0.072. 0.053. mse. 0.297. 0.282. 0.279. 0.131. 0.104. 0.089. 0.099. 0.072. 0.054. NA4. 4. 1. 0. 9. 2. 1. 4. 1. 0. NA. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.551. 0.545. 0.538. 0.532. 0.539. 0.531. 0.530. 0.534. 0.536. bias. 0.011. 0.005. -0.002. -0.008. -0.001. -0.009. -0.010. -0.006. -0.004. var. 0.410. 0.358. 0.333. 0.238. 0.179. 0.146. 0.197. 0.143. 0.150. mse. 0.410. 0.358. 0.333. 0.238. 0.179. 0.146. 0.197. 0.143. 0.150. NA4. 94. 41. 17. 87. 37. 18. 89. 43. 23. NA. 8. 3. 3. 10. 5. 2. 10. 3. 0.
(232) Table 6:γx=2.5, t3, u(x)= x2+x4. γz. 0.5. h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. -0.002. 0.005. 0.019. 0.000. 0.012. 0.026. 0.004. 0.016. 0.029. bias. -0.002. 0.005. 0.019. 0.000. 0.012. 0.026. 0.004. 0.016. 0.029. var. 0.224. 0.213. 0.208. 0.049. 0.041. 0.037. 0.027. 0.020. 0.017. mse. 0.224. 0.213. 0.209. 0.049. 0.041. 0.038. 0.027. 0.020. 0.018. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.321. 0.345. 0.377. 0.334. 0.357. 0.387. 0.334. 0.358. 0.388. bias. 0.009. 0.033. 0.065. 0.022. 0.045. 0.075. 0.022. 0.046. 0.076. var. 0.241. 0.230. 0.223. 0.060. 0.048. 0.042. 0.038. 0.027. 0.023. mse. 0.242. 0.231. 0.228. 0.060. 0.050. 0.048. 0.038. 0.029. 0.028. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 2.033. 2.098. 2.179. 2.057. 2.112. 2.189. 2.042. 2.105. 2.186. bias. 0.033. 0.098. 0.179. 0.057. 0.112. 0.189. 0.042. 0.105. 0.186. var. 0.313. 0.270. 0.261. 0.139. 0.091. 0.081. 0.117. 0.070. 0.057. mse. 0.314. 0.279. 0.293. 0.143. 0.104. 0.116. 0.118. 0.081. 0.092. NA4. 2. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 2. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
(233) Table 7:γx=0.5, t3, u(x)= x2+x4 0.5. γz h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. -0.004. 0.006. 0.017. 0.016. 0.023. 0.038. 0.014. 0.020. 0.033. bias. -0.004. 0.006. 0.017. 0.016. 0.023. 0.038. 0.014. 0.020. 0.033. var. 0.245. 0.230. 0.262. 0.065. 0.053. 0.047. 0.037. 0.026. 0.022. mse. 0.245. 0.230. 0.263. 0.066. 0.053. 0.048. 0.037. 0.026. 0.023. NA4. 4. 1. 0. 2. 1. 0. 1. 0. 0. NA. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.324. 0.349. 0.377. 0.325. 0.349. 0.381. 0.327. 0.352. 0.384. bias. 0.012. 0.037. 0.065. 0.013. 0.037. 0.069. 0.015. 0.040. 0.072. var. 0.293. 0.269. 0.254. 0.088. 0.066. 0.067. 0.075. 0.046. 0.038. mse. 0.293. 0.270. 0.258. 0.088. 0.068. 0.072. 0.075. 0.048. 0.043. NA4. 16. 8. 3. 20. 14. 5. 26. 11. 7. NA. 4. 2. 2. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. mean. 2.029. 2.090. 2.162. 2.040. 2.092. 2.174. 2.051. 2.100. 2.174. bias. 0.029. 0.090. 0.162. 0.040. 0.092. 0.174. 0.051. 0.100. 0.174. var. 0.418. 0.415. 0.381. 0.231. 0.195. 0.240. 0.176. 0.171. 0.120. mse. 0.418. 0.423. 0.408. 0.233. 0.203. 0.271. 0.179. 0.181. 0.151. NA4. 193. 89. 53. 185. 84. 52. 184. 87. 58. NA. 27. 16. 12. 30. 13. 5. 28. 16. 6.
(234) Table 8:γx=2.5, t3, u(x)=cos(x). γz. 0.5. h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 0.986. 0.979. 0.972. 0.988. 0.986. 0.979. 0.992. 0.990. 0.983. bias. -0.014. -0.021. -0.028. -0.012. -0.014. -0.021. -0.008. -0.010. -0.017. var. 0.224. 0.213. 0.208. 0.049. 0.041. 0.037. 0.027. 0.020. 0.017. mse. 0.224. 0.214. 0.209. 0.049. 0.041. 0.038. 0.027. 0.020. 0.017. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.863. 0.860. 0.853. 0.876. 0.871. 0.865. 0.877. 0.873. 0.866. bias. -0.015. -0.018. -0.025. -0.002. -0.007. -0.013. -0.001. -0.005. -0.012. var. 0.241. 0.229. 0.222. 0.060. 0.047. 0.042. 0.038. 0.027. 0.022. mse. 0.241. 0.229. 0.222. 0.060. 0.048. 0.042. 0.038. 0.027. 0.022. NA4. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.522. 0.520. 0.521. 0.543. 0.535. 0.531. 0.532. 0.530. 0.533. bias. -0.018. -0.020. -0.019. 0.003. -0.005. -0.009. -0.008. -0.010. -0.007. var. 0.313. 0.269. 0.256. 0.139. 0.086. 0.072. 0.115. 0.066. 0.050. mse. 0.313. 0.270. 0.257. 0.139. 0.086. 0.072. 0.115. 0.066. 0.050. NA4. 2. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 2. 0. 0. NA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
(235) Table 9:γx=0.5, t3, u(x)=cos(x). γz. 0.5. h. 0.0. 0.5. 1.0. 1.5. 2.5. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. mean. 0.985. 0.980. 0.969. 1.004. 0.997. 0.991. 1.002. 0.993. 0.986. bias. -0.015. -0.020. -0.031. 0.004. -0.003. -0.009. 0.002. -0.007. -0.014. var. 0.245. 0.231. 0.260. 0.065. 0.053. 0.047. 0.037. 0.026. 0.022. mse. 0.245. 0.231. 0.261. 0.065. 0.053. 0.047. 0.037. 0.026. 0.022. NA4. 4. 1. 0. 2. 1. 0. 1. 0. 0. NA. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. mean. 0.867. 0.865. 0.856. 0.868. 0.867. 0.862. 0.870. 0.869. 0.863. bias. -0.011. -0.013. -0.022. -0.010. -0.011. -0.016. -0.008. -0.009. -0.015. var. 0.295. 0.269. 0.254. 0.087. 0.064. 0.065. 0.074. 0.045. 0.037. mse. 0.295. 0.269. 0.254. 0.087. 0.064. 0.065. 0.074. 0.045. 0.037. NA4. 16. 8. 3. 20. 14. 5. 26. 11. 7. NA. 4. 2. 2. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. mean. 0.536. 0.531. 0.525. 0.547. 0.536. 0.544. 0.562. 0.549. 0.552. bias. -0.004. -0.009. -0.015. 0.007. -0.004. 0.004. 0.022. 0.009. 0.012. var. 0.389. 0.379. 0.340. 0.225. 0.171. 0.201. 0.153. 0.141. 0.085. mse. 0.389. 0.379. 0.340. 0.225. 0.171. 0.201. 0.153. 0.141. 0.086. NA4. 193. 89. 53. 185. 84. 52. 184. 87. 58. NA. 27. 16. 12. 30. 13. 5. 28. 16. 6.
(236)
Related documents
These reasons include the propensity of male student-athletes to gamble (and to develop problem gambling behaviors), an increasing societal acceptance of gambling as a
Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Sundukları Hizmetin Müşteri Tarafından İlişkisel Pazarlama Anlayışı Doğrultusunda.. Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Ampirik
QualysGuard automates the process of VM and policy compliance across the enterprise, providing network discovery and mapping, asset prioritization, vulnerability management
To investigate whether these differences could explain the differences in improvement after the training, we included the variables for illness duration and baseline SSL scores
Pro forma adjusted EBITDA, the measure we use to compare our performance as a standalone company versus our time as a division of Tribune Media, declined $14 million in the
Award Areas Adult Students, Children and Siblings of Alumni, Children of Current Students, Children of Educators, Children of Faculty/Staff, International Students,
Underlying operating income was €338 million, up 4.0% and 5.4% at actual and constant exchange rates, respectively.. Underlying operating margin was 4.4% compared to 4.2%