Using of Microstrip Feeding Techniques in patch Antenna

International Journal of Engineering Technology and Computer Research (IJETCR) Available Online at www.ijetcr.org

Volume 3; Issue 4; July-August-2015; Page No. 156-164

Corresponding author: Mangilal Meghwal

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Using of Microstrip Feeding Techniques in patch Antenna

Mangilal Meghwal, M .Tech In Digital Communication Dr. Manisha Gupta, Research Supervisor JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

In this research paper describes the performance analysis of different feeding technique for wireless Microstrip patch antenna system. This feeding technique gives a better understanding of design parameters of an antenna and their effect on return losses, bandwidth, VSWR and resonant frequency. In this, feeding technique used for enhancing bandwidth of a patch antenna is presented.

Keyword: Microstrip, Antenna, Shape, Feeding, Line, Parameter.

INTRODUCTION:

Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods. These methods can be classified into categories. In this technique, the power is fed directly to the radiating patch using a connecting element such as a Microstrip line. The Microstrip feeding techniques, electromagnetic field coupling is done to transfer power between the microstripline and the radiating patch antenna. The most popular contact feed techniques are

presented in this research paper with comparison to each other.

MICROSTRIP FEEDING TECHNIQUE

1. Microstrip Line Feed Technique on E Shape Patch Antenna:

To design an antenna with Microstrip Line Feed Technique a Microstrip line of dimension Length = 27 mm and width = 10 mm are used instead of probe feed technique. Figure 1 shows the simulated antenna using Microstrip feed technique.

Figure 1: Microstrip Line Feed Technique on E Shape Patch Antenna

Figure 2: S11 parameter of Microstrip Line Feed Technique

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Freq [GHz]

-11.25 -10.00 -8.75 -7.50 -6.25 -5.00 -3.75

dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1))

HFSSDesign1

RL ANSOFT

m1 m2

m3

Curve Info dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 3.7432 -10.0047 m2 2.9250 -10.0016 m3 3.5550 -11.1747

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Figure 3: VSWR of Microstrip Line Feed Technique

Figure 4: Peak Gain of Microstrip Line Feed Technique

Figure 2 Shows the S11 parameter of Microstrip patch antenna. We got Fmax= 3.74 GHz, Fmin = 2.92 GHz and we got BW=0.82 GHz at resonant frequency of 3.55 GHz.

Figure 3 and Figure 4 Shows the VSWR graph with VSWR

= 4.92 dB and Gain graph i.e. -2.33 dB. So this antenna using Microstrip feed line is not efficient because of higher VSWR and negative gain.

2. Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique on E Shape Patch Antenna

Figure 5 shows the Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique on E Shape Patch Antenna, which gives better BW than Microstrip feed line technique. To design an antenna with Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique a Microstrip line of dimension Length = 37 mm and width = 10 mm are used instead of probe feed technique.

Figure 5: Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique on E Shape Patch Antenna

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Freq [GHz]

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dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1))

HFSSDesign1

VSWR ANSOFT

m1

Curve Info dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 3.5550 4.9265

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Theta [deg]

-3.50 -3.25 -3.00 -2.75 -2.50 -2.25 -2.00 -1.75 -1.50 -1.25

dB(PeakGain)

HFSSDesign1

Peak Gain ^ANSOFT

m1

Curve Info dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

Name X Y

m1 0.0000 -2.3359

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Figure 6:S11 parameter of Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique

Figure 7: VSWR of Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique

Figure 8: Gain of Microstrip Line Inset Feed Technique

Figure 6 Shows the S11 parameter of Microstrip patch antenna. We got Fmax= 3.75 GHz, Fmin = 2.45 GHz and we got BW=1.3 GHz at resonant frequency of 2.92 GHz.

Figure 7 and Figure 8 Shows the VSWR graph with VSWR

= 4.44 dB and Gain graph i.e. -2.97 dB. So this antenna using Microstrip feed line is not efficient because of higher VSWR and negative gain.

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Freq [GHz]

-12.50 -11.25 -10.00 -8.75 -7.50 -6.25 -5.00 -3.75

dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1))

HFSSDesign1

RL ANSOFT

m1 m2

m3

Curve Info dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 2.4525 -10.0003 m2 3.5853 -10.0172 m3 2.9250 -12.0329

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Freq [GHz]

3.75 5.75 7.75 9.75 11.75 13.75

dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1))

HFSSDesign1

VSWR ANSOFT

m1

Curve Info dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 2.9250 4.4414

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Theta [deg]

-3.50 -3.25 -3.00 -2.75 -2.50 -2.25 -2.00 -1.75 -1.50 -1.25

dB(PeakDirectivity)

HFSSDesign1

Peak Gain ANSOFT

m1

Curve Info dB(PeakDirectivity) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(PeakDirectivity) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

Name X Y

m1 0.0000 -2.3491

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3. Comparison between Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed:

Figure 9 Shows the S11 parameter of Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed. We

studied three feeding techniques of feeding patch antenna and we got best result with probe feed technique.

Table 1: Comparison between Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed

Red Graph : Probe Feed Green Graph : Microstrip Inset Feed Black Graph : Microstrip Feed

1. Bandwidth=1.85GHz 2. BW=1.13 GHz 1. BW=0.82 GHz 2. VSWR= 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz

and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz 2. VSWR = 4.44 GHz 2. VSWR = 4.92 GHz 3. Peak Gain = 2.7 dB 4. Gain= - 2.93 dB 3. Gain= - 2.36 dB

Figure 9: S11 parameter of Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed

Figure 10: VSWR of Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed

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Freq [GHz]

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Y1

HFSSDesign1

RL Comp ANSOFT

Green Graph : Microstrip Inset Feed 1) BW=1.13 GHz Black Graph : Microstrip Feed 1) BW=0.82 GHz Red Graph : Probe Feed 1) BW= 1.85 GHz

Curve Info dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

dB(St(Lumpport_T1,Lumpport_T1))_1 Imported

dB(St(Cylinder4_T1,Cylinder4_T1)) Imported

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Freq [GHz]

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Y1

HFSSDesign1

VSWR Comp ANSOFT

Green Graph : Microstrip Inset Feed 1) VSWR = 4.44 GHz Black Graph : Microstrip Feed 1) VSWR = 4.92 GHz Pink Graph : Probe Feed

1)VSWR= 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz

Curve Info dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

dB(VSWRt(Lumpport_T1))_1 Imported

dB(VSWRt(Cylinder4_T1)) Imported

© IJETCR. All Rights Reserved.

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Figure 11: Gain of Microstrip Line Feed, Microstrip line Inset Feed and Probe feed

4. Two more slots are cutting on E patch:

Figure 12 shows the geometry of E shape with two more slots on the same patch. Figure 14 Shows the S11 parameter of Microstrip patch antenna. We got Fmax= 3.13 GHz, Fmin = 1.18 GHz and we got BW=1.95GHz at resonant frequency of 1.38 GHz and 2.61 GHz. Figure 15 and Figure 16 Shows the VSWR graph with VSWR = 1.71 dB at 1.38GHz and 0.84 dB at 2.6 GHz and Gain graph i.e. 2.46 dB. So this antenna is very efficient.

Figure 12: multiple slotted patch

Figure 13: simulated multiple slotted patch

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Theta [deg]

-3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

Y1

HFSSDesign1

Peak Gain Comp ANSOFT

m1 Green Graph : Microstrip Inset Feed

1) Gain= - 2.93 dB Black Graph : Microstrip Feed 1) Gain= - 2.33 dB Red Graph : Probe Feed 1) Gain = 2.7 dB

m2

m3 Curve Info

dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

dB(PeakGain)_1 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg'

dB(PeakGain)_1 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

dB(PeakGain)_2 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg'

dB(PeakGain)_2 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

Name X Y

m1 0.0000 -2.9344 m2 0.0000 -2.3359 m3 0.0000 2.7177

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Figure 14: S11 parameter of Multiple slotted patch

Figure 15: VSWR of Multiple slotted patch

Figure 16: Peak Gain of Multiple slotted patches

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Freq [GHz]

-30.00 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00

dB(St(Cylinder4_T1,Cylinder4_T1))

HFSSDesign1

S11 Parameter ANSOFT

m1 m2

m3

m4

Curve Info dB(St(Cylinder4_T1,Cylinder4_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 1.1829 -10.0058 m2 3.1318 -10.0189 m3 1.3850 -20.1420 m4 2.6100 -26.2299

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Freq [GHz]

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

dB(VSWRt(Cylinder4_T1))

HFSSDesign1

VSWR ANSOFT

m1

m2

Curve Info dB(VSWRt(Cylinder4_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y

m1 1.3850 1.7146 m2 2.6100 0.8486

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Theta [deg]

1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50

dB(PeakGain)

HFSSDesign1

Gain ANSOFT

m1

Curve Info dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

Name X Y

m1 0.0000 2.4693

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5. Comparison between E shape and Multiple slotted patch antenna:

Figure 17 Shows the S11 parameter of E shape and multiple slotted patch antennas. We got best result with multiple slotted patch.BW of multiple slotted patch is 1.95 GHz where as E shape patch has 1.85 GHz, 5.4 % BW enhancement by using multiple slotted patch. Figure 18 shows the VSWR comparison. Multiple Slotted patch has

two resonant frequencies i.e. 1.71 at 1.38GHz and 0.87 at 2.6 GHz, while E shape patch has VSWR of 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz.

Figure 19 shows the Peak Gain comparison. E shape has Gain = 2.7 dB and Multiple slotted patch has Gain of 2.46 dB. E shape patch have better Gain than multiple slotted patch but the difference is not so much.

Table 2: Comparison between E shape and multiple slotted patch

Black Graph = Multiple Slotted patch Pink Graph = E shape patch

Bandwidth = 1.95GHz Bandwidth = 1.85GHz

VSWR = 1.71 at 1.38GHz

0.87 at 2.6 GHz VSWR = 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz

Figure 17: S11 parameter of E shape and multiple slotted patch

Figure 18: VSWR of E shape and multiple slotted patch

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Freq [GHz]

-30.00 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00

Y1

HFSSDesign1

S11 Parameter ^ANSOFT

Black Graph = EE Patch Bandw idth = 1.95GHz Pink Graph = E shape patch Bandw idth=1.85GHz

Curve Info dB(St(Cylinder4_T1,Cylinder4_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

dB(St(Cylinder4_T1,Cylinder4_T1))_1 Imported

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Freq [GHz]

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Y1

HFSSDesign1

VSWR ANSOFT

Black Graph = EE Patch VSWR = 1.71 at 1.38GHz 0.87 at 2.6 GHz Pink Graph = E shape patch VSWR= 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz

Curve Info dB(VSWRt(Cylinder4_T1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

dB(VSWRt(Cylinder4_T1))_1 Imported

© IJETCR. All Rights Reserved.

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Figure 19: Gain of E shape and multiple slotted patch

6. Result and Conclusion

In this, antenna technique for enhancing bandwidth of a patch antenna is presented. Two parallel slots and multiple slots are incorporated in the rectangular Microstrip antenna such that it closely resembles an E shape. We got best result with multiple slotted patch.

Bandwidth of multiple slotted patch is 1.95 GHz where as E shape patch has 1.85 GHz, 5.4% BW enhancement by using multiple slotted patch. Multiple Slotted patch has two resonant frequencies i.e. 1.71 at 1.38GHz and 0.87 at 2.6 GHz, while E shape patch has VSWR of 0.97 dB at 2.5 GHz and 1.97 dB at 1.4 GHz. E shape has Gain = 2.7 dB and Multiple slotted patch has Gain of 2.46 dB. E shape patch have better Gain than multiple slotted patch but the difference is not so much.

The design of the antenna has two parallel slots incorporated in it and thick air foam to enhance bandwidth as well as gain of the signal, as a result of which the radiation pattern degrades. The designed antenna was fabricated on the RT 3003 substrate with air foam sandwiched between the ground plane and the patch; also it has been fabricated conveniently due to its simple structure. The developed antenna was successfully tested at the anechoic chamber. The measured and the simulation result are been so far in good agreement.

7. Reference

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-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00

Theta [deg]

2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75

Y1

HFSSDesign1

Peak Gain Comp ANSOFT

m1 Black Graph = EE Patch

Gain: 2.46 dB Pink Graph = E shape patch Peak Gain = 2.7 dB

m2

Curve Info dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg' dB(PeakGain) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

dB(PeakGain)_1 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='0deg'

dB(PeakGain)_1 Imported Freq='2GHz' Phi='90deg'

Name X Y

m1 0.0000 2.4693 m2 0.0000 2.7177

© IJETCR. All Rights Reserved.

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14. B. Vedaprabhu. and K.J. Vinoy, ‘‘A double U-Slot patch antenna with dual wideband characteristics’’, IEEE, (2010).

15. S.D. Gupta ,A. Singh , “Design of Microstrip Planar Antenna Array and Study of Effect on Antenna Parameters due to Mutual Coupling in both E and H

Planes”, International Journal of Communication Engineering Applications (IJCEA), 02(06).(2011).

16. I. Dafalla, W. T. Y. Kuan, A. M. Abdel Rahman, and S.

C. Sudhakar, ‘‘Design of rectangular Microstrip patch antenna at 1GHz’’, Multimedia University, Faculty of engineering and technology, Melaka, Malaysia. ‘’RF and Microwave Conference,’’. Malaysia. (2004).