EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY REPLACEMENT OF SAND USING MARBLE DUST

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Volume 7 Issue 5 May 2019

Ashish Bhargava; Prof Gajendra Verma; Siddharth Pastariya, Vol 7 Issue 5, pp 31-39 May 2019

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY

REPLACEMENT OF SAND USING MARBLE DUST

Authors: Ashish Bhargava

¹

; Prof Gajendra Verma

²

; Siddharth Pastariya

³

Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore

^1,2,3

ABSTRACT

:

The bulky amount of concrete is consumed by construction industry all over the world In India, the conventional concrete is formed using natural sand from river beds as fine aggregate. Due to various environmental issues Government has banned the dragging of sand from rivers. This has led to a shortage and significant increase in the cost of natural sand. There is an urgent need to find an alternative to river sand. This present work is an attempt touse Marble dust as partial replacement for Sand in concrete. Mix design has been developed for M30 grade using IS design for conventional concrete and replaced mix. Specimens on cube sand cylinders were prepared for both conventional and 15%, 25%, 40% and 50% replacement with Marble dust both separately. Tests were conducted on the specimens after 28 days curing to attain its maximum compressive, Bond Strength & Stress strain curve of concrete. Graphs were drawn and results were compared with controlled mix. It is found that the replacement of sand with Marble dust is effective. The results indicated that there is an increase in the strength of Concrete nearly 25% when sand is replaced by Marble dust percentage.

KEYWORDS: compressive, Bond Strength & Stress strain curve of concrete

1. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is very useful building material in all over the world. It is a versatile construction material due to its reasonable cost and easy availability of its constituents. Quality of construction is the most important aspect under consideration in the construction sector. Cement is factory made, water is naturally available, coarse aggregate is naturally available and factory crushed. Fine aggregate is often obtained from river beds. River sand has been the most popular choice for the fine aggregate Sand is the one of Important constituents of concrete making which is about 35%

of volume of concrete. The quality of the river sand normally depends on its source.

In the last 15 years it has been clear that availability of natural sand is decreasing environmental concern. In this situations where natural sand is not available. Some manufactured sands are obtained by crushing source rocks such as granite, gneiss, dolerite, basalt. Marble Dust has to create as an similar to river sand that to consume extra profit to concrete and MD is to be increase the strength of concrete over concrete produce’s with equal ratio of river sand but they are reduce in the concrete workability.

MD is useful for various activities in the civil construction project like a road construction as well as manufactured of building component and materials like as light aggregates as well as bricks/tiles. Our project presents the result of experimental investigations carried out on “Quarry sand” and the details of concrete designed using Quarry sand. the Marble Dust is usually possesses a major environmental concern in dry season, the Marble or dust dangles in the air and deposits on vegetation and crop. All these significantly affect the environment and local ecosystems. The granite dust deposed in the river-bed and causes reduction in porosity and permeability of top soil and result in water logging.

Use industrial wastes and by products as an aggregate or raw material is of great practical significance developing building material components as substitutes for material and providing an Alternative.

This became very scarce as the Government of India it should be confidential for mining is due to the environmental factor. Then the value of the construction are consume and control the construction the manufacturing sand as impart similar material for construction. The opposite advantage of using M-Sand is, it may be dirt free, and the sizes of m- sand may be controlled simply in order that it meets the desired grading for the given construction. It is well graded and

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© 2019, iJournals All Rights Reserved www.ijournals.in Page 32 it doesn’t contain organic and soluble compound that affects the setting time and properties of cement, therefore the desired strength of concrete may be maintained. Modern and imported machines are used to produce M-Sand to ensure required grading zone for the sand.

2. Project Objective:-

To study on the strength of concrete with partial replacement of sand by marble dust The Main Objective of thesis are summarized as below.

• To design the concrete mixes M30 by using Marble Dust as a replacement for natural sand.

• TO Study the various characteristics of concrete made by using Marble Dust

• To compare the result with Normal concrete

3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

3.1 Materials:

3.1.1 Cement

Cement is a very ground material having adhesive and cohesive properties which give a binding Medium for the separate ingredients.

3.1.2 Sand

Sand consisting of very small particles of decomposed rocks, corals, or shells. Sand is used to Sandis a natural unconsolidated granular material. Sand is composed of sand grains which range in size From 1/16 to 2 mm (62.5…2000 micrometers). Sand grains are either mineral particles, rock Fragments or biogenic in origin. Finer granular material than sand is mentioned as silt. Coarser Material is gravel. Majority of sand is dominantly composed of silicate minerals or silicate rock Fragments. Out and away the foremost common mineral in sand is quartz. Hence, the term “sand “While not qualification is supposed to be composed of quartz usually. However, sand could be a Natural mixture which implies that it is ne’er pure. By no means that will one say that quartz and Sand are measure an equivalent issue. Consolidated sand could be a rock kind called sandstone.

3.1.3 Coarse Aggregate

Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is an extensive class of coarse particulate Material utilized in construction, together with sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled Concrete and geo synthetic aggregates.

Aggregates are the utmost quarry materials within the world. Aggregates are the very important vital constituents in concrete. It provides body to the concrete, less shrinkage and result economy. The aggregates Mix with cement and water to make concrete.

3.1.4 Marble Dust

The marble dust was obtained form as an industrial by-product directly from the deposits of marble factories that forms throughout the sawing, shaping processes of marble in Elazig region. The wet marble sludge was dried up prior to the preparation of the samples. The deplete material was sieved through a 0.25 mm sieve and eventually the marble dirt was obtained to be employed in the experiments as fine sand aggregate.

Thus, utilizing these marble wastes in industry itself would facilitate to safeguard the surrounding from dumpsites of

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3.2 Mix proportions and Mix details:

Batch Mix Cement (%) Sand (%) GD (%) Coarse

Aggregates (%)

1 100 100 --- 100

2 100 85 15

100

3 100 75 25 100

4 100 60 40 100

5 100 50 50 100

Marble Dust

3.3Experimental Procedure:

To achieve my aim, the whole work is sand is partial replaced by Marble Dust at different percentages then we are casted various cubes, cylinder and cube with embedded road. Then various test are performed like Compression test, bond strength test and finally stress-strain curve of concrete.Total15 cubes are casted,5 Cylinder are casted,05 cubes are casted with embedded road,

3.3.1 Compressive strength test

To analyse the compressive strength of cubes when there are two numbers of different cross section specimens to be used one is the 150mm X 150mm X 150mm to be used and second is the 100mm X 100mm x 100mm to be used according to the size of the aggregate.Mainly150mmX150mmX150mmsizemostlyused.Whentheconcreteis filledinthemouldandtempedbyuseoftempingbarandremovedallfromtheconcrete.

TheconcretecubesareplacedinwaterAfter24hours.Compressivestrengthisfindout 3.3.2 Bond Strength Test

This method of test is intended to provide a standardized procedure for comparison of bond characteristics between concrete and different types of steel reinforcing bars. The bond strength, or the measure of the effectiveness of the grip between concrete and steel, A 12 mm diameter tor steel rod embedded 150 mm in 150mm x150mm x150mm concrete cube and compacted on vibrating table. The verticality of 12 mm embedded tor steel rod is ensured by supporting till the concrete hardens.

The pull-out test was carried out at 28 days using universal testing machine (UTM). The specimen was held between upper and middle cross-head. The rod was gripped in upper cross-head and cube was held below middle cross-head.

The bond strength is calculated by using the equation τbd =p/πdl

Where,

Sp. gravity fine Cement: Sand: coarse

Percentages aggregate aggregate

0 2.57 1:1.36: 2.43

15 2.48 1:1.31: 2.43

25 2.55 1:1.35: 2.43

40 2.65 1:1.40: 2.43

50 2.74 1:1.45: 2.43

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P = Pull-out force in KN,

d = Diameter of steel rod embedded in concrete cube in mm, l= Length of the rod embedded in concrete in mm.

3.3.3 Stress Strain Curve Test of Concrete

The assumed Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete is given in IS 456:2000For a stress-strain curve a cylinders of 150x300mm2 size are casted and tested in the universal testing Machine, and plot a graph between stress and strain, the stress maybe find out by force per unit area & strain may be find out by change in length divided by original length.

4RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

To achieve my aim, the sand is partial replaced by Marble Dust at different percentages.0%,15%,40% & 50%.15 cubes,5 cylinders, 5 cubes with 12mm diameter steel rod are casted. And then various test are like performed as per Indian Standard, Compression test on cubes, bond strength test on cube with embedded road and finally stress-strain curve test of concrete on cylinder.

4.1 Testing on Concrete

4.1.1 Compressive strength test

Compressive Strength at 28 days in N/mm2

S.NO. COMBINATION CUBES MAXIMU

M LOAD(

KN)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2)

AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2) Mix-

01

C+S+CA Cube-1 593 26.36 26.99

Cube-2 627 27.87

Cube-3 602 26.76

Mix- 02

C+S(85%)+MD(1 5%)+CA

Cube-1 896 39.82 31.78

Cube-2 587 26.09

Cube-3 662 29.42

Mix- 03

C+S(75%)+MD(2 5%)+CA

Cube-1 859 38.18 37.61

Cube-2 834 37.07

Cube-3 846 37.60

Mix- 04

C+S(60%)+MD(4 0%)+CA

Cube-1 696 30.93 30.70

Cube-2 690 30.67

Cube-3 686 30.49

Mix- 05

C+S(50%)+MD(5 0%)+CA

Cube-1 491 21.82 21.94

Cube-2 497 22.09

Cube-3 493 21.91

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Bond Strength at 28 days in N/mm2

S.NO. COMBINATION CUBE MAXIMUM

LOAD (KN)

BOND STRENGTH (N/mm2)

Mix-01 C+S+CA cube-1 34.18 7.57

Mix-02 C+S(85%)+MD(15%) +CA

cube -1

47.78 10.62

Mix-03 C+S(75%)+MD(25%) +CA

cube -1

63.22 14

Mix-04 C+S(60%)+MD(40%) +CA

cube -1

43.56 9.62

Mix-05 C+S(50%)+MD(50%) +CA

cube -1

42.34 9.32

40

Compressive Strength at 28 days

37.61

35 31.78

31.78

30.7

30 26.929

25 21.94

20

15

10

5

0

0% 15% 25% 40% 50%

Replacement Percentages CompressiveStrengthofMarbleDust

Compressive Strength

Bond Strength at 28 days

16

14

14 12.2

12 11.49

10.62

10 9.14 9.62 9.32

8.37 8 7.57 7.57

6 4 2

0 0% 15% 25%

ReplacementPercentage

40% 50%

BondStrengthofConcretewithMarbleDust

Bon d St re n gth

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Graph: 1. Stress Strain curve of concrete of Conventional Concrete

Graph: 2. Stress Strain curve of concrete with 15% Marble dust

Strain

0.007 0.006

0.005 0.004

0.003 0.002

0.001 5 0

0 0 15

8.5 10

16.4 20

22.4 30

25

30.6 40

35

39.6 42 42 42

45

Stress Strain curve at 28 days

0%

Str e ss

Stress Strain curve at 28 days

45 40 35 30

38 40 40 40

28

25 20

20 15 10 5 0

0 0

15 8

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007

Strain

15%Md

Str e ss

Stress Strain curve at 28 days

45 40 35 30 25 20

40 41 41 41

31 23

17 15

10 5 0

0 0

9

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007

Strain

25%Md

Str e ss

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Graph 4. Stress Strain curve of concrete with 40% Marble dust

Graph 5. Stress Strain curve of concrete with 50% Marble dust

5. CONCLUSIONS

When the Compressive strength, Bond Strength and Stress Strain curve of concrete test are performed on the M30 Grade of concrete with Marble Dust at 28 days of curing period. The Strength was determined of Marble Dust added concrete with addition of 15%, 25%,40%, and 50% for M30 grade as a partial replacement of sand in conventional concrete. From the discussion It is clear that maximum strength is achieved

 when sand by is replaced15% Marble dust But sand is replaced by Marble dust at 25% the compressive strength is little bit decreasehence maximum compressive strength the sand is replaced by Marbledust.

 The Bond Strength is maximum at 25% as a sand is partially replaced with Granite dust..

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

0 0

Stress Strain curve at 28 days

40 40 40 40

30

22 18

10

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007

Strain

40%Md

Str e ss

Strain

50%Md

0.007 0.006

0.005 0.004

0.003 0.002

0.001 0

0 5 0 10

12 20

15

19

23 30

25

32 40

35

41 41

40 41 45

Stress Strain curve at 28 days

Str e ss

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 Stress-strain curve of concrete, when sand is partially replaced with Granite dust at different percentage is similar to the Stress-strain curve ofconventional concrete.

Hence it is clear that when the sand is replaced by Marble dust at 25%good quality of Concrete is obtained. All the of concrete formed by replacement of natural sand by Marble Dust when compared to reference mix 0% replacement, reveal higher strength.

6.

Future Scope

:-

1. To study the effect of adding admixtures on concrete.

2. To study the durability of concrete.

3. To study the partially replacement of sand with Granite dust and Marble dust above 50%.

4. To Investigated the other concrete mix are taken like M40, M50 and high strength concrete. Also may be Studies.

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