Optimization of Diesel Engine Parameters of Performance and Emission by Taguchi Method

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Optimization of Diesel Engine Parameters of

Performance and Emission by Taguchi Method

Pani Sharanappa

1

, Mallinath.C. Navindgi

2

, H V Mulimani

3

Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDA College of Engineering, Kalaburagi, India1,2,3 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract-The present work discuss the Taguchi technique to determine the optimum engine parameters at which

the diesel engine works effectively fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol (Ternary fuel) blends operating with different injection opening pressure, 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar. The three different Ternary fuel blends were used, B20, B30 and B40. In this technique L9 array is selected and three factors like IOP, Blend and load are analyzed. It was found that 200 bar IOP, B30 and 80% load are the optimum parameters at which DI diesel engine operates effectively. Experiment was conducted with the optimum parameters. The predicted values of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide(CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NO) are comparable

with experimental results.

Index Terms- Taguchi method; ternary fuel blend; optimum parameters

1. INTRODUCTION

Authors are encouraged to have their contribution checked for grammar. Taguchi method reduces the time consumption to conduct unnecessary experiments. It is used when engine operates with various parameters; Taguchi method is one of the easiest methods to optimize engine diesel parameters, then engine run with optimum parameters and experimental results are compared with the predicted values [1]

In this paper the engine parameters like injection opening pressure, load, exhaust gas recirculation and fuel blend ratios are optimized. Three levels are taken for each parameter. The three levels of injection opening pressure (IOP) are 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar. Three levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are 5%, 10% and 15%. The fuel blend levels are 20% (B20), 30% (B30) and 40% (B40). The three levels for power are 2kW, 3kW and 4kW (40%, 60% and 80% of full rated power). Performance, emission and combustion parameters are analyzed. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrous oxides (NOx), peak cylinder pressure and heat release are some of the parameters analyzed. The engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were analyzed on trial basis with different set of controlling factors.

Orthogonal array gives the effect of huge number factors on responses inside a small experimental matrix. Use of orthogonal array reduces the number of experiments and it provides shortest possible matrix in which all factors are varied over working range [2] The conclusions from the matrix are valid over entire range. L9 orthogonal array is selected from Taguchi design with three factors and three levels shown in Table 2.

Taguchi method employs the SNR (Signal to Noise ratio) for optimization of parameters. There are three criteria of SNR, larger the better, smaller the better and normal the best. Larger the better criteria is applied to brake thermal efficiency, peak cylinder pressure and maximum heat release. Smaller the better is applied to brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust gas emissions. [3-9]

S/N Ratios Formulations:

The lower-The better S/N = -10log (∑Y2/n) The higher-The better S/N = -10log (∑(1/Y2)/n) The more nominal-The better S/N = 10log (∑Ȳ2/S2)

Where n and Y is the number of repeated experiment and the measured value of the response variable, respectively.

Response curves are of two types, one is main effects plot for Means and another one is main effects plot for S/N ratio. First plot gives most influential parameter on the results by rating ranks as 1, 2 and 3. Delta values of the parameters is the difference between maximum and minimum value, the parameter having maximum delta value is ranked as 1 and subsequent as rank 2 and rank 3. The parameter having rank 1 influence more on the results than rank 2 and rank 3. S/N ratio plot gives the optimum parameter [10-14].

2. EXPERIMENTAL FUEL MATERIALS

AND METHODS

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Diesel [70] + Biodiesel [20] + Ethanol [10]: [B20] Diesel [60] + Biodiesel [30] + Ethanol [10]: [B30] Diesel [50] + Biodiesel [40] + Ethanol [10] : [B40]

The pictorial view of the experimental set is shown in figure 1, and technical specification of the engine is shown in table 1. Engine was run with different IOP like, 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar, the injection pressure was set by adjusting the spring pressure and was calibrated.

[image:2.595.322.509.107.249.2]

: [B40]

[image:2.595.73.273.245.417.2]

Fig.1. Pictorial view of experimental set up

Table: 1. Engine specifications

Specifications Details

Make & model Kirlosker, TV 1 make

General details DI, water cooled, four stroke, single cylinder Power output 5.2 kW/ 7BHP

Bore x Stroke 87.5 mm x 110 mm Number of

cylinders One Constant speed 1500 RPM

Orifice diameter 20 mm Injection

pressure 180-220 Swept volume 661 cc Nozzle hole

diameter 0.223 mm Clearance

volume 38.35 cc Compression

ratio 17.5:1 Fuel injection

timing 23

0_{CA bTDC}

Connecting rod 238 mm

length

Valve diameter 34.2 mm Maximum valve

lift 10.1 mm

Fuel injection pump

MICO in line with mechanical governor and Flange mounted. Type of

combustion chamber

Hemispherical open combustion chamber

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 3 (a, b), Figure 4 (a, b), figure 5 (a, b), figure 6 (a, b), figure 7 (a, b), figure 8 (a, b) and figure 9 (a, b) shows the Main effects plot for mean and S/N of BTE, BSFC, EGT, CO, CO2, HC and NOx respectively.

Table 4 to table 10 shows the response table for Mean and S/N ratio of BTE, BSFC, EGT, CO, CO2, HC,

[image:2.595.303.514.414.482.2]

NOx. Theses tables show that the delta values are Maximum for Injection opening pressure and power. Hence IOP and power have more influence on the engine performance and emission. Major headings should be typeset in boldface with the words uppercase.

Table 2: Control factors and Levels of Trial-I

Factors Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Blend 20 30 40

Injection pressure (bar)

180 200 220

Power (kW) 2 3 4

Table 3a: Orthogonal Array and Response parameters for performance parameters

Sl. No

Blend IOP Powe r

BTE BSFC EGT

1 20 180 2 21.79 0.41 354.8 2 20 200 3 31.00 0.24 288.4 3 20 220 4 20.80 0.37 352.0 4 30 180 3 27.00 0.36 275.0 5 30 200 4 32.30 0.29 358.0 6 30 220 2 21.96 0.41 262.0 7 40 180 4 28.00 0.34 341.2 8 40 200 2 23.50 0.44 248.3 9 40 220 3 24.63 0.37 289.7

Table 3b: Orthogonal Array and Response parameters for emission parameters

Sl. No

Blend IOP Po wer

CO CO2 HC NOx

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2 20 200 3 .02 4.00 30 680 3 20 220 4 .30 6.80 46 795 4 30 180 3 .05 1.80 21 885 5 30 200 4 .40 7.50 47 840 6 30 220 2 .02 5.70 35 774 7 40 180 4 .60 7.50 30 1000 8 40 200 2 .02 3.80 20 800 9 40 220 3 .05 7.00 37 850

3.1.Main effects plot for Means and S/N Ratios:

Fig 3 (a). Main effects plot for means of BTE

Fig. 3 (b). Main effects plot for S/N of BTE

Fig.4 (a). Main effects plot for means of BSFC

Fig. 4 (b). Main effects plot for S/N of BSFC

Fig.5 (a). Main effects plot for means of EGT

[image:3.595.69.534.108.783.2]

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Fig.6 (a). Main effects plot for means of CO

Fig.6 (b). Main effects plot for S/N of CO

Fig. 7(a). Main effects plot for means of CO2

Fig. 7 (b). Main effects plot for S/N of CO2

Fig.8 (a). Main effects plot for means of HC

[image:4.595.66.536.107.725.2]

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Fig.9 (a). Main effects plot for means of NOx

Fig.9 (b). Main effects plot for S/N of NOx

An experiment was conducted on DI diesel engine fuelled with B30 with 200 bar IOP. Table 10 shows the comparison of predicted values and experimental values, which are close to each other. Figure 9 shows the graphical representation of predicted values and experimental values.

Fig.10. Comparison: predicted & Experimental values Table: 11. Comparison: predicted & Experimental

values

Parameters Predicted value

Experimental value

% Difference

BTE 31.724 29.2 7

BSFC 0.2688 0.24 10

EGT 296 288 2.7

CO 0.028 0.020 2.8

CO2 1.102 1.00 9.2

HC 21.444 20 6.7

NOx 797.44 680 14.6

Table: 4. Response table for Means and S/N Ratios for BTE

Response table for Means Response table for S/N Ratios

Level Blend IOP Power

(Load) Level Blend IOP

Power (Load)

L1 24.53 25.60 22.42 L1 27.65 28.11 27.01

L2 27.09 28.93 27.54 L2 28.65 29.14 28.76

L3 25.38 22.46 27.03 L3 28.06 27.01 28.50

Delta 2.56 6.47 5.13 Delta 0.90 2.14 1.75

Rank3 3 1 2 Rank 3 1 2

Table: 5. Response table for Means and S/N Ratios for BSFC

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

800 Predicted value

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Power (Load)

L1 0.3400 0.3700 0.4200 L1 9.592 8.663 7.540

L2 0.3533 0.3233 0.3233 L2 9.123 10.093 9.969

L3 0.3833 0.3833 0.3333 L3 8.379 8.339 9.586

Delta 0.0433 0.0600 0.0967 Delta 1.213 1.754 2.429

Rank 3 2 1 Rank 3 2 1

Table: 6. Response table for Means and S/N Ratios for EGT

Power (Load)

L1 331.8 323.7 288.4 L1 -50.38 -50.15 -49.09

L2 298.4 298.3 284.4 L2 -49.41 -49.39 -49.08

L3 293.1 301.3 350.4 L3 -49.27 -50.89 -50.89

Delta 38.7 25.4 66.0 Delta 1.11 0.76 1.81

Rank 2 3 1 Rank 2 3 1

Table: 7. Response table for Means and S/N Ratios for CO

Power (Load)

L1 0.11500 0.225000 0.02433 L1 25.493 20.833 32.283

L2 0.15767 0.14833 0.04000 L2 22.248 24.660 28.674

L3 0.22500 0.12433 0.4333 L3 20.833 23.081 7.618

Delta 0.11000 0.10067 0.40900 Delta 4.660 3.827 24.665

Rank 2 3 1 Rank 2 3 1

Table: 8. Response table of Means and S/N Ratios for CO2

Power (Load)

L1 4.047 3.547 3.613 L1 -10.411 -8.383 -9.752

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L3 6.100 6.500 7.267 L3 -15.333 -16.223 -17.218

Delta 2.053 2.953 3.653 Delta 4.922 7.840 7.466

[image:7.595.67.534.107.559.2]

Rank 3 2 1 Rank 3 1 2

Table: 9. Response table of Means and S/N Ratios for HC

Power (Load)

L1 32.00 23.67 25.00 L1 -29.61 -27.64 -27.64

L2 34.33 32.33 29.33 L2 -30.26 -29.12 -29.12

L3 29.00 39.33 41.00 L3 -28.98 -32.08 -32.08

Delta 5.33 15.67 16.00 Delta 1.28 4.44 4.44

Rank 3 2 1 Rank 3 2 2

Table: 10. Response table of Means and S/N Ratios for NOx

Power (Load)

L1 750.0 886.7 783.0 L1 -57.48 -58.91 -57.87

L2 833.0 773.3 805.0 L2 -58.40 -57.73 -58.06

L3 883.3 806.3 878.3 L3 -58.12 -58.12 -58.83

Delta 133.3 113.3 95.3 Delta 1.40 1.18 0.96

Rank 1 2 3 Rank 1 2 3

4. CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

 Taguchi method is the easiest technique which saves time for the experiments; it says the optimum engine parameters at which engine can be run. In this present work the optimum parameters were, 30% blend, 200 bar IOP and 40% of full load (4kW power). The experiment was conducted with these engine parameters and found that, experimental values are close to the predicted values which are shown in table11 and figure 10.

 The engine gives best performance and emission with 30% blend at 200 bar IOP and at 40% of full load than other fuel blends. B30 can save the diesel fuel by 40% by volume and 20-25% fuel cost.

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