Engineering and Construction
for Sustainability
Solar Concentration Workshop
World Bank
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Mission and Vision
Mission
Vision
Provide integrated and innovative solutions in the field of energy through promotion, financing search,
engineering, construction and operation of new power and industrial plants and the optimization of the existing
ones, all within a frame of contribution to sustainable development.
Abener intends to reinforce, in the next 5 years, its leadership in the global market for turnkey construction of
power and industrial plants with particular emphasis in the areas of biofuel and thermo-solar to consolidate and
develop the reached positions in Spain and Latin America, and to expand its presence in other growing markets
(European Union, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Basin and USA).
All the activities will be developed with a clear customer-focusing through efficient management of projects and
continuous improvement of processes within a frame of common corporative values, identity and culture which
encourage the enthusiasm to innovate and search for business opportunities.
Business Areas
Solar
Biofuels
Generation
Thermosolar Power Plants with
Tower Technology, CSP and ISCC
Bioethanol Plant,
Biodiesel and ETBE
Repowering, Open and
Combined Cycles, Engine Power
Plants, Cogeneration and
Magnitudes
*ktep: thousands of petroleum equivalent tons
Solar
ISCC
620 MW
100 MW
CSP
31 MW
Tower Technology
751 MW
Generation
Biomass
54 MW
589 MW
Cogeneration
82 MW
Engines
2.923 MW
Open/Combined Cycles
870 MW
Repowering
3.566 MW
Biofuels
ETBE
34.028 t/año
200.000 t/año
Biodiesel
3.165.000 m
3/año
Bioethanol
Sales Evolution
168 353 56 35 84 698 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008Business Areas Evolution
Solar
Biofuels
Generation
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008CAGR
: 145,3
%
Workforce
781
317
Graduated
Non
-
Graduated
1098
252
131
88
748
538
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008Workforce growth
Abener Energía
Abener México
Abencs
Abencs India
Abener EPG
Addresses
6688
6688
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Operation
It is based on the concept of concentrating solar radiation to produce hot steam or air, which
can be subsequently used in conventional power generation plants. Most systems use a
concentrating mirror due to its high reflecting power.
Main components
•
Concentrator: Different optical
elements, suchas mirrors,
concentrate the solar radiation onto
a point or a line where the receiver is
located.
•
Receiver: The receiver absorbs the
concentrated solar radiation, and a
heat-transporting flux transfers the
energy.
•
Evaporator: In the evaporator, the
heat-transporting flux exchanges its
energy for water producing steam.
•
Turbine: The steam drives the
turbine producing electricity in a
conventional cycle.
Steam Water Concentrators Receiver Heat-transporting fluid Evaporator Heat ElectricityTower Technology
Main components:Heliostat field, tower-mounted receiver, and steam storage system.
Operation:The heliostats are programmed to automatically track the sun, according to a solar calendar, and concentrate the radiation onto the receiver. The receiver generates high-temperature saturated steam, which in turn is used to drive a turbine and produce electricity. The storage system guarantees electrical supply, even on cloudy days.
Main components:parabolic trough collectors and thermodynamic cycle.
Operation:The sun rays are concentrated into a heat absorbing tube, located in the central section of the collectors, through which a heat-transporting fluid is pumped. This substance is cold when it enters the tube and is extracted at more than 400 ºC, ready to produce superheated steam. The heat in the steam is transformed into electrical power using a conventional steam turbine.
CSP
Dish/Engine
Main components:Receiver and Concentrator.
Operation:An array of parabolic dish-shaped mirrors to focus solar energy onto a receiver located at the focal point of the dish. Fluid in the receiver is heated to 750 ºC and used to generate electricity in a small engine attached to the receiver.
Main components:combined cycle (gas turbine, waste heat recovery boiler, steam turbine, cooling system) and CPC solar field.
Operation:The gas-steam combined cycle is a combination of two thermodynamic cycles in a waste heat recovery boiler. The CPC field transfers the thermal energy, generated via a heat-transporting fluid, to the central system, where the energy is converted into electricity.
ISCC (Integrated Solar and Combined Cycle)
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
"Sow" today to grow internationally over the next 10 years.
›
Cost Reduction
›
Increase in energy efficiency
Cent €/KWh Time
2007
2010
2015
2020
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Solar Thermal
Photovoltaic
Fossil Fuels
The most widespread technology is ISCC
ISCC = Combined Cycle + Solar Field
Storage
The most widespread technology is storage in salts.
Operation:
Two salt tanks are used to store the heat.
- During the loading cycle, the salts exchange heat with the fluid from the
solar field, which is stored in the hot tank.
- During the unloading cycle, the system simply reverses the previous
operation, heating the heat-transporting fluid, which will produce steam to
drive the turbine, ultimately generating electricity.
Hybridisation
Operation:
The heat produced by the solar field is used as an aid
to generate steam by combined cycle. Thus, part of the fuel is
replaced by solar resources.
Campo de colectores cilindro parabólicos Vapor Turbina de vapor Evaporador Sistema de refrigeración Desaireador Condensador F lu id o c a lo p o rt a n te Tanque de sales frio Tanque de sales caliente
Cold tank Hot tank
H ea t-tr an sp o rt in g fl u id Parabolic Through Collectors Field Steam Steam turbine Deaerator Evaporator Condensator Cooling system
Typical Business Model
Return on Equity Equity
Loans (Project Finance) Turn-key
Grants, subsidies, tax credits Long term
Long term rates
Partner A Financial Agreements Commercial Banks Others Power Purchase Agreement Power Company Partner N SPV (Project Company) O&M Contract EPC Contract EPC Contractor O&M Contractor
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Characteristics of Solar Thermal Systems
Technology Comparison
Parabolic Trough
Tower
Dish
Size
30-300 MW
10-50 MW
5-25 kW
Operating Temperature
390 ªC
565 ºC
750 ªC
Peak Efficiency
20%
23%
29%
Net Annual Efficiency
11-16%
7-20%
12-25%
Commercial Status
Available
Commercially/Prototype
Prototype
Costs
USD/m2
630-275
475-200
3.100-320
USD/W
4.0-2.7
4.4-2.5
12.6-1.3
centsUSD/KWh
40-12
44-15
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Major Projects (I)
Project PS20 Solar Thermal Power Plant
Country Spain
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Tower
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España Main Data
Power 20 MW Collector Area 149.760 m2
Storage Yes (Steam) Date of Operation 2008
Investment 95 Meur Auxiliary fuel Gas
Major Projects (II)
Project Solnova 1
Country Spain
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Parabolic Trough Collectors
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España Main Data Power 50 MW Collector Area 293.400 m2 Storage No Date of Operation 2009 Investment 275 Meur Auxiliary fuel n.a.
Major Projects (III)
Project Ain Beni Mathar
Country Morocco
Business Model EPC + O&M (5 years) Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)
Customer Office National de l'Elctricite (ONE) Elect. Purchaser ONE
Main Data Power 450 MW (CC 450 + Solar 20) Collector Area 183.120 m2 Storage No Date of Operation 2010 Investment
Auxiliary fuel Gas
Major Projects (IV)
Project Solana
Country USA (Arizona)
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Parabolic Trough
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser APS Main Data
Power 280 MW (2 x 140) Collector Area 2.197.440 m2
Storage Yes (molten salt) Date of Operation 2012
Investment approx. 2.000 MUSD Auxiliary fuel n.a
Major Projects (V)
Project Hassi R'Mel
Country Algeria
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)
Customer SPP1 (Abengoa Solar, Neal, Abener) Elect. Purchaser Sonatrach
Main Data Power 170 MW (CC 150 + Solar 20) Collector Area 183.120 m2 Storage No Date of Operation 2010 Investment 316 MEur Auxiliary fuel Gas
