Design
R.C.C. DESIGN
This module of STRUDS allows you to design the structure you have generated in Pre-Processor and have analysed it as Grid, Plane Frame or Space Frame. You can analyse the structure by either or all of these three methods. STRUDS Integrated Design Module reads the results of analysis and designs the structure. The choice of idealisation of structure as Grid, Plane Frame or Space Frame is done by the user. STRUDS does the design by Limit State Method.
When you select the `Integrated Design’ menu from the control menu of STRUDS, the following menu appears on the screen.
This menu allows you to select the structure that you want to design.
FILE
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the standard window for selecting a file. Only the building files having BLD extension are displayed in this window. Select the building file by mouse and click on the `Open’ button. STRUDS will read the analysis results of this building project. Select `Exit’ option if you want to quit the design module.
VIEW
The details of this option are given in Appendix A
When you select the project by using `File’ - `Open’ options from menu to design a structure, STRUDS reads all the input and analysis data of the BLD file. It displays the plan geometry of the selected file on screen. A new menu appears on the screen.
This menu is the main menu of Design module of STRUDS. It has the submenus to design the components of structure such as Slab, Beam, Column, Footing and Stair. The design load combinations can be controlled by using the `Load Combination’ menu from this menu bar. The `Tools’ option allows you to prefix the labels for design components for outputs. The `Cost’ option allows you to work out the cost of components after design.
1 SLAB
You can design the slabs in any of the floors in the selected building project by using this option. STRUDS designs the slab as panels. So you can design slabs without even analysing the structure. This menu has following sub-options.
1.1 PROPERTIES
This option allows you to set the parameters for slab design. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
At the left of this window has three drop down menus that allow you to choose the basic material types for design.
The first drop down menu gives the list of material types (grades of concrete) such as M15, M20, M35 etc. You should select the material type for which you want to design the slabs from this menu. The second drop down menu gives the list of grades of steel that will be considered while providing main or primary reinforcement in the slabs. The available steel grades are Fe250 (Mild Steel), Fe415 (Tor Steel) and Fe500 (High strength tor steel). Select the steel grade from the drop down menu. The third drop down menu gives the list of grades of steel that will be considered while providing distribution or secondary reinforcement in the slabs. The available steel grades are Fe250 (Mild Steel), Fe415 (Tor Steel) and Fe500 (High strength tor steel). Select the steel grade from the drop down menu.
At the right side of this window has two options that allow you to decide the span of Trapezoidal Slab for Design.
USE MAXIMUM LENGTH
When you select this option, STRUDS will consider the maximum length of trapezoidal slab as span for design purpose.
USE AVERAGE LENGTH
When you select this option, STRUDS will consider the average length of trapezoidal slab as span for design purpose.
REINFORCEMENT PARAMETERS
This window has various fields and options.
Type the value of clear cover in the filed provided for it.
Type the values of maximum and minimum spacing for main and distribution reinforcements bars in slabs. STRUDS will provide the bar spacing in this range. If the spacing goes beyond the specified range, STRUDS will change the bar diameters to adjust the spacing.
You can also select the type of detailing to be provided. If you select the `Bentup’ option, STRUDS provides alternate bars bent up in the slab. If you select `Curtailment’ the bars are curtailed at top and bottom and their lengths are specified in outputs. If you select the `None’ option, STRUDS provides straight bars without bent ups or curtailment.
You can also specify the minimum bar diameters to be used while providing main and distribution reinforcement. STRUDS will follow these diameters while providing the reinforcement in design. If the spacing criteria is not satisfied; STRUDS will take higher bar diameters to satisfy the spacing criteria. Click on the `OK’ button to save and apply the design parameters specified by you. If you click on the `Cancel’ button. STRUDS will take the default parameters for design.
1.2 LEVEL DESIGN
This option allows you to choose the floor level of which you want to design the slabs. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window has a drop down menu showing the floor id numbers of the selected project. Select the floor number for which you wish to design the slabs. Below the drop down menu, STRUDS displays
the levels in the selected floor. Select the level for which you want to design slabs. Click on the `OK’ button to proceed for design of slabs. If you click on `Cancel’ button, STRUDS reverts back to the main menu of design module.
When you select `Ok’ button, STRUDS displays the floor plan geometry of the selected floor level of the project and a new menu appears on the screen. This menu is the main menu of slab design module.
It has following options.
1.2.1 DESIGN
This option allows you to design, save and open the already designed slabs of the selected floor. It has following options.
1.2.1.1 DESIGN – NEW
DESIGN – NEW - ALL
When you select this option, STRUDS designs all the slabs in the selected floor. If you have already designed the slabs and you again select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
If you click on the `OK’ button, STRUDS will design the slabs once again and all the previous output files will be overwritten by STRUDS. Click on the `Cancel’ button to abandon designing.
If you have not previously designed slabs in the selected floor, the above message will not occur and STRUDS will design all the slabs. During design process, STRUDS checks the slab for deflection and flexure. If any of the slab fails in deflection, STRUDS displays following message.
At the top of this window STRUDS displays the slab id number, the required effective thickness to satisfy the deflection check and clear cover. Below this STRUDS displays the dimensions of the slab and its boundary conditions.
The available thickness, area of steel provided, modification factor and base factor as per IS code are displayed below. Please refer to SP: 10 for the values of modification factor and base factor.
STRUDS also displays the ratio of span to depth and the product of the basic deflection factor for the slab and the modification factor. The current deflection status is also indicated in the field for the same. If we manually want to control the deflection then we can take help of the buttons as defined below. But if we want the software to find the optimum thickness which would satisfy the deflection criterion by itself then we tick the checkbox “Change thickness internally” and then click on the “OK” button.
Below this are two buttons to take action on the deflection check.
CHANGE THICKNESS
When you click on this button, the field for available thickness becomes active. Type the value of new thickness in the field and click on the `OK’ button. STRUDS will check the slab for deflection for the new thickness. If the check is still not satisfied, STRUDS displays the same window with computed values of Ast, Base Factor and Modification factor.
CHANGE AST
This option allows you to see the change in modification factor and base factor by changing the area of steel. When you click on this button, the field for Ast (Area of Steel provided) becomes active. Overwrite the value in this filed and click on the `Compute’ button to see the corresponding change in Base Factor and Modification Factor.
This button becomes active only when you have selected the `Change Ast’ option. When you click on this button, STRUDS computes the Modification and Base Factor as per the change in Ast and displays it in their fields.
IGNORE
You can click on this button, to ignore the deflection check. When you click on this option, STRUDS finds out the extra steel to be provided to change the modification factor to satisfy the deflection check and provides this steel in the slab design.
OK
Click on this button if you have used the `Change Thickness’ option to proceed for design. Some times a slab may fail in flexure. In such case you should change the grade of concrete or thickness to satisfy the check. When a slab fails in flexure, STRUDS displays following window.
In this window, at the top STRUDS displays the dimensions of slab, available thickness and the boundary conditions. Below this STRUDS displays the moments at mid span and support for both the spans of slab. Below this are two buttons.
CHANGE THICKNESS
Click on this button if you want to increase the thickness of slab to satisfy the check for flexure. STRUDS shows the window for slab properties.
Change the thickness of the slab in the field provided and click on the `OK’ button. STRUDS redesigns the slab. If the slab again fails in flexure or deflection, STRUDS shows the corresponding window again.
CHANGE GRADE
When you select this button, STRUDS displays the window of `Slab Properties’ similar to the previous option. Select the grade of concrete from the drop down menu of material type – RCC as STRUDS displays following window.
Select the grade of concrete from the list and click on the `OK’ button. STRUDS will redesign the slab. If the slab still fails in flexure or deflection, STRUDS displays corresponding window.
DESIGN – NEW-ONE BY ONE
In the above method of Slab design the software automatically goes from one slab to another as soon as the design of one slab is over. But if we want to select any particular slab for design, we can use this option and then click on the slab, which we want to design.
1.2.1.2 DESIGN – OPEN
This option is active only if you have previously designed and saved the design data for the slabs of the selected floor. When you use this option, STRUDS reads the previous design data and output results and displays them on the screen.
1.2.1.3 DESIGN – SAVE
This option allows you to save the design data after you have designed the slabs. You can then open the design data by using the previous option.
1.2.2 GROUP
This option allows you to group the slabs for preparing outputs such as design schedules and quantity reports. It has following two options.
1.2.2.1 AUTO
This option is inactive untill you have designed all the slabs. When you select this option, STRUDS will automatically group the slabs. STRUDS finds out the slabs having same thickness and
reinforcement along both spans and places them in the same group.
1.2.2.2 MANUAL
You can use this option before or after designing the slabs to prepare the outputs. When you select this option, STRUDS displays a new side window at the right hand side of the screen. This window has several options that allow you to control the grouping of slabs.
at the top of this window is a drop down menu that shows the list of slab groups present. You can select the group from this menu to add or remove the slabs.
Below the drop down menu STRUDS displays the list of slabs present in the selected group. The selected slab is highlighted on the screen.
The window shows three buttons under the option of Groups.
DEFINE
Click this button to define a new group. STRUDS automatically gives an id number to this group in sequence with the available groups. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
DELETE
This option allows you to delete the selected slab group. If any slabs are already included in this group, STRUDS displays following message.
Click on the `Yes’ button if you want to delete the group. The slabs belonging to this group will also be removed from it and will not be included in any group untill you add them in any other group.
DELETE EMPTY GROUPS
When you remove all the slabs from a group, that group becomes empty. When you click on this button, STRUDS finds out the groups in which no slab is present and deletes all such groups. You should use this option after you have regrouped the slabs before saving.
There are three options under the heading Slab that help you to add and remove the slabs from a group and to move a slab from one group to other group.
Slab – Add
This option allows you to add a slab to an already defined group. First select the group from the drop down menu to which you want to add the slabs and click on this option. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the slabs that you want to add in this group by selecting by cursor one by one. The added slab numbers will be displayed in the list below the drop down menu.
Slab – Delete
This option allows you to remove a slab from a group. First select the group from the drop down menu from which you want to remove the slabs and click on this option. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the slabs that you want to remove from this group by selecting by cursor one by one. The removed slab numbers will be automatically disappear from the list below the drop down menu.
Slab – Move
This option allows you to move a slab from its group to the selected group. Select the group from the drop down menu to which you want to move a slab from its group and click on this option. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the slabs that you want to move under this group by cursor one by one.
Close
1.2.3 REPORT
This menu allows you to get graphical and text reports for the design outputs of slab. The options in this menu are inactive untill you have designed all the slabs in the selected floor.
1.2.3.1 SCHEDULE
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the group-wise design schedule for all the slabs in text form.
1.2.3.2 DESIGN SKETCH ALL
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the graphical representation of reinforcement in all the slabs in the floor.
To the left side of the screen, STRUDS shows the floor plan geometry with the placement of bars along both spans. The bar spacing is also indicated in both the directions and at support. At the right side, STRUDS displays the legend for colours used in displaying the bars and the units for spacing. You can print or plot this graphics by using the Print menu from the menubar.
1.2.3.3 DESIGN SKETCH ONE
When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select any of the slab on the screen by this cursor. STRUDS displays graphically the reinforcement in this slab in an enlarged manner.
To the left side of the screen, STRUDS shows the selected slab geometry with the placement of bars along both spans. The bar spacing is also indicated in both the directions and at support. At the right side, STRUDS displays the legend for colours used in displaying the bars and the units for spacing. You can print or plot this graphics by using the Print menu from the menubar.
1.2.3.4 PLAN
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the floor plan geometry on the screen. This option is useful when you have used the `Design Sketch All’ or `Design Sketch One’ option and want to go back to the floor plan geometry.
1.2.3.5 DETAIL
This option allows you to see the design details of a particular slab and modify them as per your requirement. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the slab of which you want to visualise/modify design details by the cursor. STRUDS displays following window.
At the top of this window, STRUDS shows the slab id number, dimensions, thickness, and boundary conditions of the selected slab. Below this the areas of steel required at longer span and short span at midspan and at support are displayed. At the bottom, STRUDS shows the provided bar size and its spacing along both the directions. If you want to change the bar diameter, overwrite the value of bar dia in the field and press enter key. STRUDS automatically computes the revised bar spacing and displays it in its field. This effect will automatically be reflected in the Design Schedule, Design Sketches and Quantity Reports. If you change the spacing of bars, the dia is not changed by STRUDS. But this change in spacing will be taken into account by STRUDS in preparing Design Schedule, Design Sketches and Quantity Reports.
1.2.3.6 QUANTITY
This option allows you to get a text report of concrete and steel quantities required for all the slabs in the floor. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
1.2.3.7 DETAIL REPORT
This option allows you to get a text report for the design details considered by STRUDS while designing the slabs.
1.2.3.8 REPORTS HTML FORMAT
This option generates all the reports like OneWay-TwoWay Slab schedule, OneWay-TwoWay Flat Slab Design, Slab Quantity Report in the HTML format.
1.2.4 INQUIRE
This option allows you to visualise the design moments and properties of slabs. You can use this option to verify the results with manual calculations.
1.2.4.1 INQUIRE - MOMENTS ALL
This option allows you to see the moment values in all the slabs in the plan geometry. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
To the left side of the screen, STRUDS shows the floor plan geometry with the moment values along both spans at mid and support. At the right side, STRUDS displays the legend for colours used in displaying the moments. You can print or plot this graphics by using the Print menu from the menubar.
1.2.4.2 INQUIRE - MOMENTS ONE
When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select any of the slab on the screen by this cursor. STRUDS displays the moment values in this slab along both spans at mid and support in an enlarged manner.
To the left side of the screen, STRUDS shows the selected slab with the moment values along both spans at mid and support. At the right side, STRUDS displays the legend for colours used in
displaying the moments. You can print or plot this graphics by using the Print menu from the menubar.
1.2.4.3 INQUIRE – PROPERTIES
This option allows you to see the properties of a selected slab such as type, loads and boundary conditions. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select a slab by cursor. STRUDS displays the following window.
At the left portion of screen, STRUDS highlights the selected slab. At the right side it displays the properties of slab that are considered for design.
1.2.5 DISPLAY
This option allows you to control the display of graphics on screen. It has following options.
1.2.5.1 DISPLAY - PAN
The details of this option are given in Appendix A.
1.2.5.2 DISPLAY - ZOOM
The details of this option are given in Appendix A.
1.2.5.3 DISPLAY - SLAB NO.
This option allows you to put on/off the display of slab numbers on the screen. By default the slab numbers are put on which is shown by the check-mark before this option. This is a toggle option and you can put on/off the display be selecting it repeatedly.
1.2.5.4 DISPLAY - SLAB GROUP NO.
This option allows you to put on/off the display of slab group numbers on the screen. By default the slab group numbers are put on which is shown by the check-mark before this option. This is a toggle option and you can put on/off the display be selecting it repeatedly.
1.2.6 FONT
This option allows you to change the font size and font type of the text displayed on the screen for viewing or printing purpose. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window has a drop down menu which gives the list of text types displayed on the screen for which you can modify the fonts. From the drop down menu you should select Slab No., Slab Group No., Bar Dia etc. to change their font type. Click on the `Printer’ button if you want to change the fonts for printing purpose only. If you select `Screen’, you can modify the fonts for display purpose only. Further details on this option are given in Appendix B.
1.2.7 PRINT
The details of this option are given in Appendix B.
1.2.8 CLOSE
Use this option to exit from SLAB DESIGN window.
2 BEAM
Select this menu if you want to design the beams in any of the floor levels of the selected project. In STRUDS the beams are designed for every floor by taking analysis results by any one of the three methods. This menu shows following options.
2.1 Settings
This option allows you to set the basic parameters for beam design. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window at the left displays the cross section of a typical beam and the conventions used for various parameters like cover, grade of steel and maximum aggregate size. At the right are the drop down menus and fields where you can specify the parameters by overwriting default values.
MAIN STEEL (FY) :
The second drop down menu indicates the grades of steel available such as Fe250 – Mild Steel, Fe415 – Tor Steel, Fe500 – High Strength Tor Steel. Select the grade of steel that you want to use for the main reinforcement i.e. the longitudinal reinforcement at the top and bottom of beam from this drop down menu.
STIRRUPS (FYS) :
The third drop down menu indicates the grades of steel available such as Fe250 – Mild Steel, Fe415 – Tor Steel, Fe500 – High Strength Tor Steel. Select the grade of steel that you want to use for the stirrup reinforcement i.e. the vertical reinforcement along the beam in the form of rings.
Below the drop down menus are three fields for specifying concrete covers.
TENSION (CT) :
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for bottom bars in the beam.
COMPRESSION (CB) :
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for top bars in the beam.
SIDE (CS) :
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for stirrups along the side face of the beam.
MAX AGG SIZE :
This field denotes the maximum size of coarse aggregates in concrete that will decide the minimum spacing between bars.
NO. OF DIVISIONS :
This field denotes the no. Of divisions in an element at which the design results are to be displayed. For analysis, STRUDS divides each element into 16 parts. For design you can consider the divisions equal to or less than 16. While preparing the reports for design, STRUDS will display the results as per the number of divisions specified by you.
Reinforcement Parameters
At the left is a button by this title, which enables you to decide the basic pattern of providing reinforcement in the beams. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
At the top left in the window for `Reinforcement Details’ is a field for `Minimum Spacing’ for Stirrup Design. When you have specified the grade of steel for stirrups in the `Design Parameters’ window; STRUDS while designing takes up the minimum diameter available for the selected grade of steel. Thus if you have specified Fe250 grade of steel for stirrups, STRUDS will assume 6 dia bars for stirrups. STRUDS then calculates the spacing required for this dia. If this spacing is less than the minimum spacing specified by you in above field, STRUDS will take the next higher dia say 8mm and recalculates the spacing. You can specify the grade, dia and legs of stirrups to be considered if the stirrups spacing works out to be less than the specified spacing by selecting the drop down menus at left in the `Reinforcement Parameters’ window.
There are three drop down menus. The first drop down menu has the grade of steel that you can select for stirrups.
From the second drop down menu you can select the bar diameter to be used if the spacing is less than specified.
From the third drop down menu you can specify the number of legs that should be used if the spacing is less than specified.
At the right are two options for design considerations. The check marks before these options denote whether they are active or not. By default both these options are active.
DESIGN AS DOUBLY?
When this option is active, STRUDS will design a beam as doubly reinforced if the available depth is not sufficient to design as singly reinforced. If you deactivate this option by removing the check mark from the box, and continue the design, STRUDS displays a message if the available depth for beam is not sufficient for singly reinforced design.
You can then click on the `YES’ button to design the beam as doubly reinforced. If you want to change the properties of beam, click on the `No’ button. STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the beam number, its span, section, current grade of concrete and grade of steel. There are also two drop down menus for grade of concrete and steel. You can change the grade of concrete by selecting a higher grade from the drop down menu and select `SAVE’ and `CLOSE’ options. STRUDS will then redesign the beam. The change of grade of concrete, grade of steel or section can be done for the current beam or all the beams in the floor. If you want to change the size of beam, click on the `CHANGE’ button. STRUDS displays following window.
In this window you can ask the program to increase the width, depth or both by providing the increment value. Click on the option for width, depth or both and overwrite the value of increment in the field given below.
If the section is a T section or L section, the options at the down portion of window become active and you can type the dimensions of section in the fields to redesign the beam.
Select `CLOSE’ button of save & close the window. Now the previous window of `Change Beam Properties’ is again active. Select the buttons `SAVE’ and `Close’. STRUDS will redesign the beam for the revised section.
TORSION EFFECT IN DESIGN
When this option is active, STRUDS will design the beams for torsional moments. If you put off this option, STRUDS will not consider the effect of torsion on beams while designing. If you do not want to consider the torsional moment in analysis, while providing the sections, you can change the torsional constant of section as zero by overwriting the value in the window for section define by selecting the `PROPERTIES’ button for a particular section.
MINIMUM DIA OF ANCHOR BAR
A drop down menu is provided to select the minimum diameter of the anchor bar in the beam design. Struds will provide the anchor bar of the dia. provided by the user.
SUPPORT WIDTH EFFECT IN DESIGN
If we tick on this check box then the column width will be taken into consideration while designing the Beam.
2.2 DETAILING PROPERTIES
This option allows you to specify the detailing type of reinforcement in beam design. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
You can select the detailing type of bars as Bent Up, Curtailed or none of these by selecting the corresponding options in this window. If you select `None’ options, STRUDS will provide the maximum required steel at top and bottom uniformly without curtailing the bars.
The window also has options for design considerations which can be put on off by selecting their check boxes.
Click on the OK button to save the detailing type and proceed for design. Select Cancel button if you want to consider the default detailing for design.
PLANE GRID
When you select this option, STRUDS will read the analysis results for Plane Grids of all the floors in the selected project. In STRUDS design of beams will be done floor wise if you have idealised and analysed the structure either as Plane Grid or Space Frame. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window has a drop down menu indicating the list of floors. Select the floor for which you want to design the beams form the drop down menu. The levels in this floor are displayed in the column below. Select the level in the floor of which you want to design the beams.
PLANE FRAME
You should have generated and analysed plane frames in the building project to use this option. When you select this option, STRUDS reads the results of Plane Frameanalysis for all the frames in the project and designs the beams for every frame.
Select the icon from the toolbar and click on the grid of which plane frame you want to select for beam design. STRUDS displays the geometry of the selected frame in the right portion of screen. Select `Proceed To Design’ option from the menu bar to continue for beam design.
SPACE FRAME
When you select this option, STRUDS will read the analysis results for Space Frame of the structure geometry of the selected project. In STRUDS design of beams will be done floor wise if you have idealised and analysed the structure either as Plane Grid or Space Frame. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window has a drop down menu indicating the list of floors. Select the floor for which you want to design the beams form the drop down menu. The levels in this floor are displayed in the column below. Select the level in the floor of which you want to design the beams.
2.3 STRUDS Beam Design Module
2.3.1 DESIGN
2.3.1.1 DESIGN - NEW
Select this option if you have not designed the structure before. If you have already designed it and select this option, STRUDS will once again perform the design, overwriting previous design results.
2.3.1.2 DESIGN - OPEN
You can select this option if you have already designed the structure and saved the design results. STRUDS will read the previous design results which will be available to you for viewing or getting print outs.
2.3.1.3 DESIGN - SAVE
When you select this option, STRUDS stores the results of design for future reading. If you have already designed and saved the design results, STRUDS displays following message.
Click on the OK button to save and overwrite previous design result files.
2.3.2 CHANGE FLOOR
This option is allows you to change the floor for design. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window for selection of floor level.
2.3.3 SELECTGRID
This option allows you to chose any continuous beam for viewing its analysis and design results. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the gridline of beams of which you want to see the design results. STRUDS displays the continuous beam on screen with a new menu at top.
SELECTGRID
This option again allows you to select a gridline of continuous beam for viewing of analysis and design results. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen with the display of plan geometry. Select the gridline of continuous beam of which you want to see the results.
2.3.3.1 ANALYSIS RESULTS
This option allows you to visualise the analysis results of the selected grid graphically. It has following options.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - LOAD COMBI
This option allows you to chose the Load Combination for which you want to see the analysis results of the selected continuous beam. STRUDS analyses all the beams for all the defined load
combinations separately. However the analysis results of all load combinations are overlapped to design for the worst condition if the user chooses `Worst Load Combination’ for design.
The window displays the list of all the load combinations for which analysis was carried out. You should select any of the load combinations from this list to see the analysis results.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - SF DIAGRAM
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the Shear Force Diagram for the selected grid of continuos beam.
STRUDS shows the co-ordinate of the gridline, selected load combination and the span of beam at the top of the screen. Below this STRUDS displays the SFD of the grid and the gridline with beam labels. At the right side STRUDS shows the values of shear force in the beams in the gridline. You can select the beam from the list in the menu given below the values to see the values of Shear Force.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - BM DIAGRAM
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the Bending Moment Diagram for the selected grid of continuos beam.
STRUDS shows the co-ordinate of the gridline, selected load combination and the span of beam at the top of the screen. Below this STRUDS displays the BMD of the grid and the gridline with beam labels. At the right side STRUDS shows the values of bending moments in the beams in the gridline. You can select the beam from the list in the menu given below the values to see the values of Bending Moment.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - COMMON
When you select this option, STRUDS displays both the Bending Moment Diagram and Shear Force Diagram for the selected grid of continuos beam. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
Select by clicking on the checkboxes for the options of display of gridline, SFD and BMD. By default all the three options are active. You can put off any of the options by clicking on their respective check boxes. STRUDS then displays the diagrams of shear force & bending moment together.
STRUDS displays the gridline at the top and below it the SFD and BMD for the gridline with beam labels.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - SIMP SF DIAGRAM
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the Shear Force Diagram for the selected grid of continuos beam considering all the beams as simply supported.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - SIMP BM DIAGRAM
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the Bending Moment Diagram for the selected grid of continuos beam considering all the beams as simply supported.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - DEF DIAGRAM
At the top, STRUDS shows the gridline of the continuous beam, with beam labels and below this the deflected shape of the elements. The values of deflection are shown at the right side in a vertical table. You can select the beam number from the drop down menu below this table to see its deflection values.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - TOR DIAGRAM
At the top, STRUDS shows the gridline of the continuous beam, with beam labels and below this the Torsional Diagram of the elements. The values of torsion are shown at the right side in a vertical table. You can select the beam number from the drop down menu below this table to see its torsional values.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - LOADS
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the various loads acting on the selected grid in graphical form with values.
At the top, STRUDS displays the gridline with the graphical representation of loads from slab, wall loads and other imposed loads on the selected grid. Below this STRUDS displays a table showing the element numbers in the grid, type of load case, type of load, values of load and their source.
At the top of the text table, STRUDS displays following menu options to control the display of values and diagrams of loads for the selected gridline.
SELECT LOAD SOURCE
By using this option, you can select the source of load on the elements for which you want to see the graphics and values on the screen. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
The loads on element can be due to wall, slab or any external load applied by the user. This window has the checkboxes for these. By default STRUDS displays the loads due to all the three sources. So the checkboxes are marked by default. You can mark or unmark the checkboxes to put on/off the display of load and their values on the screen.
SELECT LOADCASE
By using this option, you can select the loadcase for which you want to see the graphics and values of loads on the screen. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the list of loadcases for which analysis is done. Select the
loadcase/s for which you want to see the loads and click on the OK button.
SHOW SELECTED LOADS
This option allows you to see the graphics for selected loads on a particular element. Select the loads in the list in the text at the bottom of screen and click on this option. STRUDS will display the graphics for the element and the selected loads acting on it.
SHOW ALL LOADS
This option allows you to see all the loads on the elements when you have selected the previous option of `Show Selected Load’.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - REDIST
This option allows you to redistribute the moments in the selected grid from design. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
At the top left of this window is a drop down menu from which you can select the beam number of which you want to redistribute the moments. STRUDS also displays the span of the selected beam in front of the beam id number. at the left part of this window STRUDS shows the values of elastic moments in a vertical table at eleven parts in the beam. At the rights side at top are two fields where you can type the value of Redistribution Factor for left support and right support. Once you specify this value, you should click on the button of `Redistribute’ to ask STRUDS to redistribute the moments. STRUDS will then show the values of redistributed moments in the vertical table at the right part of the
window. These redistributed moments shall be taken by STRUDS for designing the beams in the selected gridline.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - PAN
This option is active only when you have used any of the options to view the graphical representation of analysis results such as SFD, BMD, Deflected shape etc. When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select first point by cursor from which you want to move the graphical display to the second point where you want to move it.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - ZOOM WINDOW
When you select this option, a box cursor appears on the screen. Select the portion of graphical display you want to enlarge by creating a window by cursor.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - ZOOM ALL
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the full graphical display as per the original display.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - ZOOM PREVIOUS
When you select this option, STRUDS displays the previous zoom status of the screen when you have used more than once the zoom option.
ANALYSIS RESULTS - ZOOM SCALE
When you select this option, STRUDS asks you the percentage by which the graphical display is to be enlarged or reduced.
2.3.3.2 DESIGN RESULTS
This option allows you to see the design results in graphics and text form of the selected grid. You can also change some parameters to redesign the selected continuous beam. This menu has again following options.
DESIGN RESULTS – DSG LOADCOMBI
This option allows you to select the load combination to redesign the selected grid. You may have selected say Worst Load Combination for all the beams while setting initial parameters, but now you may want to see the design results of a particular beam for some other load combination, say for 1.5DL+1.5LL. in such case, you can select the load combination and STRUDS will redesign the beam for the selected load combination.
This window displays the list of all defined load combinations. Select the load combination for which you want to redesign the beams in the grid and click on the OK button. STRUDS redesigns the beams the corresponding design results shall be displayed in the graphics and text reports.
DESIGN RESULTS – SETTINGS
This option allows you to change the settings for the selected grid that you had specified for design of all the beams. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window at the left displays the beam cross section and the conventions used for various
parameters like cover, grade of concrete, grade of steel and maximum aggregate size. At the right are the drop down menus and fields where you can specify the parameters by overwriting default values.
MAIN STEEL (FY) :
The second drop down menu indicates the grades of steel available such as Fe250 – Mild Steel, Fe415 – Tor Steel, Fe500 – High Strength Tor Steel. Select the grade of steel that you want to use for the main reinforcement i.e. the longitudinal reinforcement at the top and bottom of beam from this drop down menu.
STIRRUPS (FYS) :
The third drop down menu indicates the grades of steel available such as Fe250 – Mild Steel, Fe415 – Tor Steel, Fe500 – High Strength Tor Steel. Select the grade of steel that you want to use for the stirrup reinforcement i.e. the vertical reinforcement along the beam in the form of rings.
Below the drop down menus are three fields for specifying concrete covers.
TENSION (CT) :
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for bottom bars in the beam.
COMPRESSION (CB) :
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for top bars in the beam.
In this field type the value of clear cover you want to provide for stirrups along the side face of the beam.
MAX AGG SIZE :
This field denotes the maximum size of coarse aggregates in concrete that will decide the minimum spacing between bars.
NO. OF DIVISIONS :
This field denotes the no. Of divisions in an element at which the design results are to be displayed. For analysis, STRUDS divides each element into 16 parts. For design you can consider the divisions equal to or less than 16. While preparing the reports for design, STRUDS will display the results as per the number of divisions specified by you.
REINFORCEMENT PARAMETERS
At the left is a button by this title which enables you to decide the basic pattern of providing reinforcement in the beams. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
At the top left in the window for `Reinforcement Details’ is a field for `Minimum Spacing’ for Stirrup Design. When you have specified the grade of steel for stirrups in the `Design Parameters’ window; STRUDS while designing takes up the minimum diameter available for the selected grade of steel. Thus if you have specified Fe250 grade of steel for stirrups, STRUDS will assume 6 dia bars for stirrups. STRUDS then calculates the spacing required for this dia. If this spacing is less than the minimum spacing specified by you in above field, STRUDS will take the next higher dia say 8mm and recalculates the spacing. You can specify the grade, dia and legs of stirrups to be considered if the stirrups spacing works out to be less than the specified spacing by selecting the drop down menus at left in the `Reinforcement Parameters’ window.
There are three drop down menus. The first drop down menu has the grade of steel that you can select for stirrups.
From the second drop down menu you can select the bar diameter to be used if the spacing is less than specified.
From the third drop down menu you can specify the number of legs that should be used if the spacing is less than specified.
At the right are two options for design considerations. The check marks before these options denote whether they are active or not. By default both these options are active.
DESIGN AS DOUBLY?
When this option is active, STRUDS will design a beam as doubly reinforced if the available depth is not sufficient to design as singly reinforced. If you deactivate this option by removing the check mark
from the box, and continue the design, STRUDS displays a message if the available depth for beam is not sufficient for singly reinforced design.
You can then click on the `Yes’ button to design the beam as doubly reinforced. If you want to change the properties of beam, click on the `No’ button. STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the beam number, its span, section, current grade of concrete and grade of steel. There are also two drop down menus for grade of concrete and steel. You can change the grade of concrete by selecting a higher grade from the drop down menu and select `SAVE’ and `CLOSE’ options. STRUDS will then redesign the beam. The change of grade of concrete, grade of steel or section can be done for the current beam or all the beams in the floor. If you want to change the size of beam, click on the `CHANGE’ button. STRUDS displays following window.
In this window you can ask the program to increase the width, depth or both by providing the increment value. Click on the option for width, depth or both and overwrite the value of increment in the field given below.
If the section is a T section or L section, the options at the down portion of window become active and you can type the dimensions of section in the fields to redesign the beam.
Select `CLOSE’ button to save & close the window. Now the previous window of `Change Beam Properties’ is again active. Select the buttons `SAVE’ and `CLOSE’. STRUDS will redesign the beam for the revised section.
TORSION EFFECT IN DESIGN
When this option is active, STRUDS will design the beams for torsional moments. If you put off this option, STRUDS will not consider the effect of torsion on beams while designing. If you do not want to consider the torsional moment in analysis, while providing the sections, you can change the torsional constant of section as zero by overwriting the value in the window for section define by selecting the `Properties’ button for a particular section.
DESIGN RESULTS - PROPERTIES
This option allows you to change the sectional and material properties of the beams in the selected grid to redesign them. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window has two drop down menus at left top to specify the material properties of concrete and steel for the beams in the grid. You can select the beam in the grid to which these properties are to be applied by selecting the beam number from the menu list at top right of the window.
SECTION GEOMETRY
By clicking on this button, you can change the sectional properties of a selected beam. When you select this option STRUDS displays following window.
This window displays the beam number and its section Ids at the top in two fields.
Below this is a checkbox for `Apply to all Beams’ option. You can click on this check
box to apply the new section to all the beams in the selected grid.
At the left is the drop down menu from which you can select the new section type that you want to assign to the beam. At the right you can specify the values of width and depth of the new section. The options for Bf – width of flange and Tf – thickness of flange will be active if you have selected T or L section type. Click on the on the OK button to apply the new section. You can click on the CANCEL button to abandon the assigning of new section.
DETAIL DATA
This option allows you to change the bar-detailing pattern of the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
You can select the detailing type of bars as Bent Up, Curtailed or none of these by selecting the corresponding options in this window. If you select `None’ options, STRUDS will provide the maximum required steel at top and bottom uniformly without curtailing the bars.
The window also has options for design considerations that can be put on or off by selecting their check boxes.
Click on the OK button to save the detailing type and proceed for design. Select Cancel
button if you want to consider the default detailing for design.
STEEL DIAGRAM
This option allows you to see the graphical representation of steel areas required at different places in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following screen.
This screen displays the gridline at top and the diagrammatic representation of areas of steel required at top and bottom of the selected grid below it.
At the top of the screen STRUDS shows the load combination for which the Steel Diagram is
displayed and the span of beam of which the text description of steel areas are displayed at the right side in two vertical columns.
You can select the beam in the gridline form the list menu below the text columns to see the corresponding areas of steel.
DETAILING
This option allows you to see the detailing of reinforcement for the selected grid. it has following sub-options.
BOTTOMBARS
This option allows you to see the detailing for bottom reinforcement in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the geometry of the selected grid at the top. Below this at left is a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see the bottom bar detailing. The span of the beam and its section type / section dimensions are displayed in front of the beam list menu. STRUDS also displays the grade of concrete and steel used for the design of this beam.
Below this STRUDS shows the minimum steel area required for the selected beam in the gridline as per codal provisions and the name of the design load combination.
The detailing of bottom bars is displayed at the bottom of this window. STRUDS shows two rows for two different bar dia and their numbers / types. The area of each bar type is calculated by STRUDS and displayed at the end of the row. The sum of areas due to both the bar dias is displayed at the bottom. STRUDS also displays the surplus area i.e. the difference between the provided and required area of steel.
You can change the detailing provided by STRUDS by overwriting the dia and number of bars in their respective fields and clicking the `SAVE’ button. STRUDS will recalculate the steel area provided. If this area is less than the theorotically required area, STRUDS displays following message.
You can then click on the OK button to provide your own steel area. This change will automatically be reflected in design schedule and quantity reports by STRUDS.
At the right side of window STRUDS displays the text values for the areas of steel required at eleven different places in the selected beam. Below it are two buttons for BM VALUES and TOP AREA. BM VALUES
When you select this button, STRUDS displays the bending moment values for the selected beam at eleven places. STRUDS shows following window.
This window at the top has a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its bending moment values. Below the list menu STRUDS displays the span of the selected beam. The values of BM are shown in a text column. Select `CLOSE’ button to close this window.
TOP AREA
When you select this button, STRUDS displays the values of area of steel required at top for the selected beam at eleven places. STRUDS shows following window.
This window at the top has a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its steel area at top values. Below the list menu STRUDS displays the span of the selected beam. The values of area are shown in a text column. Select `CLOSE’ button to close this window.
SAVE
Select this button to save the changes, if any, you have made in the detailing. Unless you use this option, your changes will not be reflected in design schedules & quantity reports.
CLOSE
Select this button to close the window of bottom bars detailing.
TOPBARS
This option allows you to see the detailing for top reinforcement in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the geometry of the selected grid at the top. Below this at left is a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see the top bar detailing. The span of the beam and its section type / section dimensions are displayed in front of the beam list menu. STRUDS also displays the grade of concrete and steel used for the design of this beam.
Below this STRUDS shows the minimum steel area required for the selected beam in the gridline as per codal provisions and the name of the design load combination.
Below this STRUDS shows the detailing of top bars in three rows. In the first row, the dia of anchor bars, numbers, length and total steel area provided are shown in different fields. Below this the extra bars provided at top and bottom at left and right support are displayed in different fields.
At the bottom of the window STRUDS shows the provided area of steel at top at both the supports and at midspan. The outstand area or surplus area i.e. the difference between provided and required area of steel are also displayed in the window.
You can change the detailing provided by STRUDS by overwriting the dia and number of bars in their respective fields and clicking the `SAVE’ button. STRUDS will recalculate the steel area provided. At the right side the top areas of steel required at eleven points are displayed in a text column for the selected beam. Below this are the buttons to see the BM values and BOTTOM AREA of steel of the selected beam.
BM VALUES
When you select this button, STRUDS displays the bending moment values for the selected beam at eleven places. STRUDS shows following window.
This window at the top has a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its bending moment values. Below the list menu STRUDS displays the span of the selected beam. The values of BM are shown in a text column. Select `CLOSE’ button to close this window.
BOTTOM AREA
When you select this button, STRUDS displays the values of area of steel required at bottom for the selected beam at eleven places. STRUDS shows following window.
This window at the top has a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its steel area at bottom values. Below the list menu STRUDS displays the span of the selected beam. The values of area are shown in a text column. Select `CLOSE’ button to close this window.
SAVE
Select this button to save the changes, if any, you have made in the detailing. Unless you use this option, your changes will not be reflected in design schedules & quantity reports.
CLOSE
Select this button to close the window of top bars detailing
SHEAR
This option allows you to see the detailing for shear reinforcement in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the geometry of the selected grid at the top. Below this at left is a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its shear bar detailing. The span of the beam and its section type / section dimensions are displayed in front of the beam list menu. STRUDS also displays the grade of concrete used for the design of this beam. The maximum allowed stirrup spacing for the selected beam in the gridline as per codal provisions and the name of the design load combination are also shown by STRUDS.
SF VALUE
When you click on this button, STRUDS shows the shear force values for the selected beam. The following window is displayed on screen.
This window at the top has a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see its shear force values. Below the list menu STRUDS displays the span of the selected beam. The values of area are shown in a text column. Select `CLOSE’ button to close this window.
STRUDS displays the shear force diagram for the selected beam. The beam is divided in three zones depending upon the required stirrup spacings. The length of these zones is shown in the diagram. Below this STRUDS shows the shear detailing in the form of dia of bars, number of legs of the stirrups, grade of steel, number of stirrups, spacing of stirrups and the shear capacity of provided stirrups in three rows. The first, second and third rows denote the shear detailing for left zone, middle zone and right zone in the beam respectively.
You can change the detailing provided by STRUDS by overwriting the values of bar dia, stirrup legs or grade of steel and clicking on the SAVE button. STRUDS will recalculate the stirrup spacing and stirrup numbers. The change in detailing will automatically be reflected in design schedules, quantity reports and section drawing.
At the right side STRUDS displays a column of text values for theoretically computed stirrup spacing at eleven points in the selected beam.
SAVE
Select this button to save the changes, if any, you have made in the detailing. Unless you use this option, your changes will not be reflected in design schedules & quantity reports.
CLOSE
Select this button to close the window of shear bars detailing.
SIDEBARS
This option allows you to see the detailing for side reinforcement provided in the selected beam. As per IS:456, side bars are to be provided in case the depth of beam is more than 750 mm. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the geometry of the selected grid at the top. Below this at left is a list menu from which you can select the beam number to see the side bar detailing. The span of the beam and its section type / section dimensions are displayed in front of the beam list menu. STRUDS also displays the grade of concrete and steel used for the design of this beam.
Below this STRUDS shows the design load combination. The detailing of side bars along both the faces – left and right is shown in two rows. STRUDS displays the bar dia, number, spacing, required steel area, provided steel area and outstanding /surplus steel area for the side reinforcement of selected beam.
SAVE
Select this button to save the changes, if any, you have made in the detailing. Unless you use this option, your changes will not be reflected in design schedules & quantity reports.
CLOSE
Select this button to close the window of side bars detailing.
COMBINED
This option allows you to see the combined detailing for bottom bars, top bars and stirrups for all the beams in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the geometry of the selected grid at the top with beam labels. Below this a text table is shown describing the detailing. This table shows the beam numbers (Ids), Span of beam (L), Width of beam section (B), Depth of Beam Section (D), bottom steel in the form of dia and number of bars, top steel at left/right/middle and stirrup spacing as per the zones.
You can not make any changes in this table. It is displayed for viewing purpose only.
SECTION GRAPHICS
This option allows you to obtain the graphical representation of the steel detailing and section geometry of all the beams in the selected grid. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following screen.
This screen displays the longitudinal section of the selected gridline of beams in the top half portion. The section diagram shows the bars at top, bottom and stirrups for all the beams in the selected grid. The span of each beam and the zones for shear steel are also shown. The dia and number of bars as provided are also indicated in this drawing.
In the bottom half portion, the cross sections of first beam in the selected grid at midspan, left support and right support are displayed. If you want to see the cross section of other beams, select CROSS SECTION – NEXT options from the menu bar.
At the top of this screen, STRUDS displays a menu-bar with several menu options to visualise the sectional graphics.
CROSS SECTION
This option allows you to choose the display of cross section diagram of beams on the screen. It has further two options.
NEXT
When you click on this option, STRUDS will display the cross sections of the next beam in the grid.
PREVIOUS
When you click on this option, STRUDS will display the cross sections of the previous beam in the grid.
ZOOM
The details of this option are given in Appendix A.
FLUSHING
This option allows you to modify the detailing and longitudinal section diagram of the beams in the grid if the beams are positioned at different levels. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
The flushing of beams can be of three types.
TOP
The default flushing while displaying the longitudinal section is TOP. Which means that the top level of all beams in the selected grid is same.
Bottom
If you select this option the longitudinal section will be displayed in such a manner that the bottom level of beams remains same.
Center
If you select this option the longitudinal section will be displayed in such a manner that the centre level of beams remains same.
You can also flush the beams selectively if the beams are placed at different levels by clicking on the `SELECTIVE” button. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window shows the list of beams in the selected grid at the left side. You can select the beam for which you want to set the flush level from this list. STRUDS will display the current level of the beam in the field at the right side of the window. You can overwrite the value in the field for NEW LEVEL to specify the flush level of selected beam. This way, you can specify different flush levels to different beams in the grid. Click on the OK button to apply the new levels to the beams. STRUDS will accordingly change the longitudinal section diagram of the selected grid and show it on the screen. The detailing of top bars is also changed accordingly.
DISPLAY
This option allows you to put on/off the display of bar lines and bar text in the section graphics. It further has two sub-options.
BAR LINES
This option allows you to put on/off the display of bar lines in the longitudinal section of the selected grid. It shows the type of bar lines displayed in the diagram as-
Top Bottom Stirrups
Each of these lines is displayed on the screen by default. The display-on status is
indicated by the appearance of check box before these options. These are toggle
options; so you can put off/on the display of these bar lines by selecting them
alternatively.
BAR TEXT
This option allows you to put on/off the display of bar text matter in the longitudinal section of the selected grid. It shows the type of bar lines displayed in the diagram as-
Bottom Top Top Extra
Each of these text matters is displayed on the screen by default. The display-on status is indicated by the appearance of check box before these options. These are toggle options; so you can put off/on the display of these bar lines by selecting them alternatively.
FONTS
This option allows you to change the font size and font type for the bar text in the longitudinal beam section. This option shows the text types for which you can change the fonts. The text types available are- Beam Label Bottom Bars
Bent Bars
Top Bars Extra Bars StirrupsFor more details please see Appendix A.
The details of this option are given in Appendix B.
CLOSE
Select this option to close the screen of section graphics.
2.3.4 GROUPING
This option allows you to group the beams depending upon their design results. It has further two options.
2.3.4.1 AUTO
When you select this option, STRUDS will automatically group the beams. The beams having same size, top / bottom / shear steel will be placed in one group. This grouping will be shown in the schedule report of GROUP SCHEDULE option.
This option allows you to group the beams as per your choice after designing the beams. When you select this option, STRUDS displays following window.
This window denotes the beam numbers and the group to which they belong by default in a text column. The second text column denotes the list of groups available or the list of beam numbers depending upon whether you select the option of GROUP or BEAM at the right side of the window. You can either move a beam from its source group to destination group or you can move the group of a beam to apply to another group. You should first select the source group or beam from the text column and then select the destination group from the drop down menu.
ADD
Click on this button if you have selected a beam and you want it to add in the destination group. CREATE NEW GROUP
When you select this option, STRUDS will add one more group to the existing groups. This group shall be given the next number in continuity with existing group numbers and will be available in the list of source groups.
OK
Click on this button to save the grouping and close the window. CANCEL
Click on this option to abandon the grouping and close the window.
2.3.5 REPORT
This option allows you to obtain the text report for design results and design outputs of the selected floor in case of floor grid and space frame analysis and frame in case of plane frame analysis. The reports generated by STRUDS for beam design are of following types.
2.3.5.1 GROUP SCHEDULE
When you select this option, STRUDS displays a text report for the design schedule of all beams showing the beam number, group number, size and top/bottom/shear steel as per the grouping done.
2.3.5.2 BEAM SCHEDULE
When you select this option, STRUDS displays a text report for the design schedule of all beams showing the beam number, group number, size and top/bottom/shear steel individually.
When you select this option, STRUDS displays a text report for the bar bending details showing the shape of bars, cutting lengths etc for every beam. At the end of the report STRUDS also shows the legend for bar shapes used for detailing.
2.3.5.4 QUANTITY
When you select this option, STRUDS displays a text report for the concrete / steel quantities and the formwork area for all the beams individually as well as collectively.
2.3.5.5 DESIGN REPORT
When you select this option, STRUDS displays a text report for design results for all the beams in the floor.
This report shows the structure type of which the analysis results are considered for design, design load combination, values of actual and design moments /shear, values of torsional moment, provided area of steel at top/bottom and stirrup spacing.
2.3.5.6 DETAIL REPORT HTML
On clicking this option it generates the Detail report of the beam design in the HTML format.
2.3.6 PLAN LAYOUT
This option allows you to prepare the key plan of the selected floor supporting the design outputs. It has further following options.
2.3.6.1 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
When you select this option, the beams in the plan are displayed in the form of single lines. The beam labels are also displayed by default. You can use the TOOLS - DISPLAY options to put on /off the display of group labels etc. in this diagram.
2.3.6.2 DOUBLE LINE DIAGRAM
When you select this option, the beams in the plan are displayed in the form of double lines as per their width of sections. The beam labels are also displayed by default. You can use the TOOLS - DISPLAY options to put on /off the display of group labels etc. in this diagram. You can also put on /off the internal lines of beam not visible due to opaque nature of slabs by selecting TOOLS – DISPLAY – HIDDEN LINES option.
2.3.6.3 DOUBLE LINE +SCHEDULE
This option allows you to visualise the double line diagram of the key plan showing the width of the beams alongwith the text report of design schedule.
in the left portion of the screen, STRUDS displays the key plan of the floor displaying the beams in double lines and in the right portion of the screen. Group schedule of all the beams in the form of text report is displayed.
