Pavement Marking Presence Tool

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Pavement Marking

Presence Tool

Presented by:

Holly Cyrus Federal Aviation Administration Neal Hawkins CTRE at Iowa State University

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Executive Summary Slide

A smart phone application

(different operating systems) to assess the pavement marking presence, retroreflectivity, and color

Windows

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The Team

• Holly M. Cyrus, FAA Technical Monitor

• Omar Smadi, PEGASAS lead PI

• Co-PI

– Neal Hawkins, CTRE at Iowa State – Paul Carlson, TTI at Texas A&M

• Other team members

– Nick Burdine, CTRE

– Skylar Knickerbocker, CTRE – Adam Pike, TTI

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Motivation / Need

• Over 6,000 airports in the U.S. • Pavement marking impacts

– Safety

– Service level – Guidance

• Pavement marking evaluation

equipment is expensive ($20k per machine just for retroreflectivity)

• Constrained resources (when to

paint)

• Quality assurance to guarantee

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Research Objective(s)

• Develop a mobile (smart phone)

application to assess pavement marking:

1. Presence

2. Color

3. Retroreflectivity

• Using iOS, Android, Windows

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1. Presence

2. Color

3. Retroreflectivity

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1. Presence

2. Color

3. Retroreflectivity

format

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Approach / Methods

Tasks:

1-Initial Assessment

2-App Development

3-Tool Testing

4-Bead Analysis

5-Measurement Geometries

6-Marking Retroreflectivity

7-Marking Color

8-Final Report

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Task 1-Initial Assessment (CTRE):

• Assess the impact of image resolution, light

presence, size of the image, and distance to

pavement marking on the presence analysis tool that has already been developed.

• 75% complete. Additional testing is required.

Lighting has more of an impact than image resolution.

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Task 2-Presence Application Development (CTRE):

• Result - Develop a Pavement Marking Presence

application for the three different platforms available.

Activities:

 _{App store requirements (iOS, Android, and Windows)}  _{App GUI (Graphical User Interface) design}

 Develop App(s) for the different platforms

 Approve App(s) through the different App Stores

 _{Technical memo detailing the app development and design}

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Task 2-Presence Application Development (CTRE):

• 50% complete.

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Task 3-Tool Testing (CTRE):

• Development and implementation of a testing

protocol using different smart phones representing a range of the platforms to evaluate the developed

App.

• Result - The App design will be modified based on

the results from the testing and also feedback from potential users.

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Task 4-Bead Analysis (CTRE):

• Assess the feasibility of using image analysis to

determine bead presence in the marking and develop a correlation to pavement marking retroreflectivity.

• Result - Decide if additional work will be completed

to modify the App to include this capability.

Additional time and resources might be needed to incorporate this capability in the new App.

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Task 5-Sensitivity of Markings Retroreflective Measurements at Non-Standard Measurement Geometries (TTI):

• Develop an array of non-standard testing geometries

based on various aircraft configurations (pilot position with respect to lighting position).

• Result - Evaluate sensitivity of measurement

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Task 5-Sensitivity of Markings Retroreflective Measurements at Non-Standard Measurement Geometries (TTI):

Activities:

 _{Acquire runway marking materials}  _{Fabricate runway markings samples}

 Evaluate retroreflectivity at various geometries  Analyze results

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• Test Variables

– Vehicles (planes and standard car) – Determine light and observer

positions (unique to each vehicle)

– Evaluation distance (50-800 feet) – Markings to evaluate (14 samples)

• Identify specific geometries • Develop test protocol

• Conduct evaluations

• 125 Geometries evaluated on

each pavement marking sample

Vehicles Selected Manufacturer Type Boeing 767/ 200-300 Boeing 757/200-300 Boeing 777/200-300 Boeing 747-400 Boeing 737/100-200 Boeing 737/300-400-500 Boeing 737/600-700-800-900 MD 11 MD 80 MD 90 DC 10 Lear 55 Lear 35

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Results / Important Findings 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 0.11 0.21 0.31 0.5 1 1.5 2 Ret ro alpha beta1 88a Panel 11 Panel 12 Panel 14 Panel 15 Panel 16 Panel 17

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Task 6-Develop and Test Prototype Inspection Tool to Assess Marking Retroreflectivity (TTI):

• Develop and test ideas to assess marking

retroreflectivity in the field using a smart phone or tablet.

• Result - A technical memorandum will be developed

that describes the prototype development, testing, and results.

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• Evaluated the light source location and orientation

compared to the lens location of 19 smart phones

– 14 android phones – 4 apple phones – 1 windows phone

– 12 had light source on side of lens (portrait)

– 5 had light source above or below lens (portrait)

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• Used caliper to

evaluate the

distance between center of light

source and center of lens

• Distances ranged

from 0.235-0.595 inches

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Task 7-Incorporate Techniques to Assess Marking Color (TTI):

• Develop and test ideas to assess color.

• Result - A technical memorandum will be developed

that describes the prototype development, testing, and results.

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Task 8-Final Report:

• Result - draft and final report for review by FAA.

Activities:

 Draft final report  _{Final report}

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Immediate Next Steps

• Complete application development and deploy on

IOS

• Conduct testing and evaluation

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Immediate Next Steps

• Finish Technical Memorandum for Task 5 • Continue development of tool to assess

retrorefelctivity and color of in-service pavement markings.

• Finish Phase I of Tasks 6 and 7 and develop Technical

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