The Solar System
Want to see Space?
Tools
• Telescope • Space ship • Astronaut • Probe
Telescopes
• There are curved pieces of glass called lenses in a
tube
• These help you to see far away things
Astronaut
Probes
• Rovers are robots or machines that collect
data and send it back to earth
Satellites/ space stations
• Space stations and Satellites can orbit around a planet for a long time.
• Space stations hold people
What Goes Round the Sun?
• The Solar System (things that move around the sun) has 8 planets, moons and the Sun.
• All the planets orbit the Sun. • A planet is a large
round object that
What Goes Round the Sun?
• We used to have 9 planets in our Solar System. Pluto is no longer considered a planet.
• Gravity is the force that pulls things down to earth
• Think of it like a tug of war game you can’t see
Inertia
-
Speed
• Sir Isaac Newton is
Kepler’s Ellipse
• Planets move in a slightly flattened circle or oval
Star
Colors?
• Blue and White are theColors?
Colors?
Our Star
• Makes light and heat • Has layers
• Will tug at the ocean as well as the moon • It also powers Evaporation in the water
cycle
Light years
• How far light can go in one year
• Things in space are so far away it takes
Light years
• Some light we see from stars has taken millions of light years to reach us
Galaxy
• Our group of stars is called the Milky Way
• There are billions of galaxies
Constellations
• A group of stars that make a picture in the sky
Old calendar
Mercury
• The closest to the Sun. • The smallest planet.
• Travels the fastest around the Sun.
• It can be seen before sunrise or sunset from Earth.
• 59 days is one year • 88 days is one day
Mercury
• One half of the planet freezes -140 C) as the other boils
(360 C) as
Mercury spins very slowly.
Venus
• Second closest planet to the Sun, and closest to Earth.
• Venus has a very hot and deadly atmosphere.(500 C) • It has a longer day than a
year.
• Venus has active volcanoes
• Its spin is slow so it cannot keep an ocean • It once had oceans
Plates
Plates
• The earth has several plates that fit The earth has several plates that fit together like a puzzle.
together like a puzzle.
• These plates are the earth’s crust and These plates are the earth’s crust and upper mantel.
• The plates slide around slowly so we normally The plates slide around slowly so we normally
can’t feel anything.
can’t feel anything.
Why important?
• Venus has no plates
Earth
• Earth has one moon, water, and air.
• It is about 4.5 billion years old.
Axis
• How the earth is tilted at down 23.5 degrees
• It’s an imaginary dotted line going across the earth
Rotation
• Planets turn as they travel through space • The moon is actually slowing us down
over time
• One day we may have 26 hour days • Earth started out with 8 hour days and
Revolution
• When one object travels around
another
Seasons
• Earths Axis tilts the earth so that the suns light and warmth hit it more directly or off to the side.
• At the poles the sun’s path appears to change
Apparent motion
• Because of how we are moving it looks like the sun raises in the east and sets in the west
• However the sun don’t move we do we just turn our back to it.
Sun and Shadows
• As the sun moves your shadow does too
Earth’s moon
Moon’s light
• The moon is also
responsible for the tides in the ocean
• Its gravity will create a budge of water on the earth
• This is a Tidal Force
The Moon
• Has no atmosphere (no air)
• It has plains and mountains but is covered in carters – places meteors hit it.
Giant Impact Theory
• The moon is thought to be formed long ago
when a mars sized
planet crashed into earth • It made our crust thin
created the moon and slowed earth to 24 hour days instead of 8 hour days.
• It also made the earth’s core bigger and hotter
• When the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon
Mars
• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
• It has a red (rusted iron), rocky surface.
• Mars orbits the Sun every 687 days.
• In winter, nighttime temperatures on Mars can drop as low as
-191°F.
• 1 day= 1 day
• 675 days = 1 year
• Mars once had an ocean • Core no longer hot
• Ice at the poles
2 moons: Deimos
Asteroids
• Large pieces of metal or rock in space. Some
Meteoroids
• When asteroids hit against each other they break into small pieces.
• If it reaches earth we call it a meteor. • If it burns up it is a shooting star
Jupiter
• The largest planet in our solar system.
• It has a storm the size of earth that has been there for 300 years
• Jupiter has over 63 moons but most are very small.
• Jupiter is made mostly of Hydrogen gas • Has the largest Hydrogen ocean in the
solar system
• Protects the inner planets • Has volcanic moon Io
Moon Io
Saturn
• The second largest planet. • Saturn has many rings
made of ice and rock.
• Has winds that blow 500 meters per second
• 10 hours =1 day
• The rings are made of dust and rocks
• Someday Mars may have rings like Saturn as its
Moon - Titan
• Early earth like moon • Has atmosphere
• Liquid methane • Rocks are ice
Uranus
• The seventh planet from the Sun.
• Because of the strange way it spins, nights on some
parts of Uranus can last for more than 40 years.
• 17 hours=1 day
Neptune
• Neptune is the stormiest planet. The winds there can blow up to 2,000 km per hour, that is three
times as fast as Earth's Hurricanes.
• 16 hours = 1 day
• The farthest planet from the Sun.
• Neptune is so far away that it took the
Pluto the shrinking planet
• When Pluto gets close to the sun it heats it up. So the ice on this planet will melt and then freeze again. Over time the force of the ice will weather the dwarf planet’s
crust away.
Comets
Water Giants
Super earths
• Earth like planets that are bigger than our earth.
• Had lakes of gasoline and methane no water
• Diamonds lay around the ground
» Alien vid 40:30
• Rains Iron
• Alien vid 6:20
Osiris- The dying hot Jupiter
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Ob0x R0Ut8&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnqsN2 MniF4
