ﯽﺒﯿﺴﻣيﺪﻬﻣ
ﻞﮕﻧاهوﺮﮔ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞﮕﻧارﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ،كاراﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ناﺮﯾا،كارا
نﺎﺑﺮﻗداﺰﻬﺑ هداز
ﯽﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞﮕﻧاهوﺮﮔ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞﮕﻧا
،كارا،كاراﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﯾا
دارﯽﻣﻼﺳااﺮﻫز
ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞﮕﻧارﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ،
ﻞﮕﻧاهوﺮﮔ
،كاراﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناﺮﯾا،كارا
ﺮﻓيدﺎﻬﺘﺟاﯽﻔﻄﺼﻣ
هوﺮﮔ،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐيﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋ
ناﺮﯾا،كارا،كارا
دﺎﺘﺳارماﺮﻬﺑ
يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد هوﺮﮔ،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ
ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋ ناﺮﯾا،كارا،كارا
:لﻮﺌﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﺒﯿﺴﻣيﺪﻬﻣ
ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟاﺖﺴﭘ :
m.mosayebi@arakmu.ac.ir
:ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
09108060321
:سردآ
ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞﮕﻧاهوﺮﮔ ناﺮﯾا،كارا،كارا
:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد
5 / 12 / 91
:ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﭘﺶﯾاﺮﯾو
28 / 1 / 92
:شﺮﯾﺬﭘ
1 / 2 / 92 هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
:فﺪﻫوﻪﻨﯿﻣز
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻪﺘﺳد زا ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ يﺎﻫ يز دازآ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﮐ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ زا
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .دﺮﮐ اﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ار ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺺﻘﻧ ياراد ﺎﯾ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ داﺮﻓارد ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
ناﻮﺗ
ﻢﺧز ،ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ ،ﯽﺒﯿﻣآ زﻮﺗﺎﻣﻮﻟﻮﻧاﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻔﺴﻧا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋو ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ
وزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﻣ رد ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺐﯿﻣآ عﻮﯿﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ .دﺮﺑ مﺎﻧ ار لﺎﯿﺸﻧرﺎﻓ بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨ
ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳور دﻮﺑ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا يﺰﮐﺮﻣ
.
:ﯽﺳرﺮﺑشور
ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد 54
زا بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 36
رد كارا يﺎﺘﺳور
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻦﻤﺗاو ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﺎﻫ
42 .ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺲﭙﺳ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ
page saline
وطﻮﻠﺨﻣ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ بﻮﺳر ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
زا ﺲﭘو ﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﯽﻠﮐﺎﯿﺷﺮﺷا يوﺎﺣ يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﻞﺻﺎﺣ 4
ﯽﻟا 7 مﻻ زور
.ﺪﺷ يﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ
:ﺎﻫ
داﺪﻌﺗ 33 ) ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 11 / 61 داﺪﻌﺗ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﺮﻈﻧ زا (% 21
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
) 89 / 38 .ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ (% ﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﮔآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ نداد نﺎﮑﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺸﮐ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد بآ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ page saline
زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ بﻮﺳر ﺖﺸﮐ و
ﺖﺴﯿﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔ يﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر رد .داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﮓﻧر هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 1
ﻪﺑ 40 ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﮓﻧر ﺖﻬﺟ نﺎﻣز ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
دوﺪﺣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ 12
.دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
يﺮﯿﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
: ﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳور بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻣ و هدﻮﺑ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دﺎﺠﯾا رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺳر ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ شور يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﻼﺘﺑا زا يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ و بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﯽﻟﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
.دﻮﺷ
هژاو
:يﺪﯿﻠﮐيﺎﻫ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺎﺘﺳور ،يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ،يزدازآ ﺐﯿﻣآ ،ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ
بآ
ياراد ﻪﺒﺗر ﯽﻤﻠﻋ – ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
زا نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ تﺎﯾﺮﺸﻧ
مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ
رﻮﺸﮐ
كارانﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳوربآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣردﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآيزدازآﺐﯿﻣآﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗويزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
هرﺎﻤﺷ)ﻢﺘﻔﻫهرود،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﻠﺠﻣ
4 (
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز
92
ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ
:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣسردآ ﯽﺒﯿﺴﻣ
نﺎﺑﺮﻗ،م
ز دارﯽﻣﻼﺳا،بهداز
،
ﺮﻓيدﺎﻬﺘﺟا
م ،
ب دﺎﺘﺳار
"
يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
ﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳوربآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣردﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآيزدازآﺐﯿﻣآﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗو
كارانﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
"
،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﻠﺠﻣ
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز
1392
هرﺎﻤﺷ)ﻢﺘﻔﻫهرود
4 :( 66 -71
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﯿﻣآﻪﺘﺳدزاﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآيﺎﻫ ﯽﻣيزدازآيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗزاارﺎﻬﻧآناﻮﺗ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ
ﻦﯾاﻪﻠﻤﺟزا .دﺮﮐاﺪﺟﺎﻫ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻫ بآ،يﺮﻬﺷبآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣناﻮﺗ يﺮﻄﺑ،ﯽﺤﻄﺳيﺎﻫ
-لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ بآيﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﺷ يﺎﻫ
و ﻢﺸﭼيﻮﺷ ﯽﺳﺪﻋ
ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ،بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ،رﺎﺒﻏ و دﺮﮔ ،كﺎﺧ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﯽﺘﺣ و اﻮﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ و ﻪﯾﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺴﺷ يﺎﻫ
يﻮﺷ
) دﺮﺑمﺎﻧارشراﻮﮔهﺎﮕﺘﺳد 1
-3 .( ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃﻂﯾاﺮﺷرد ﻪﺑﻞﮕﻧا
ﻞﮑﺷ ﯽﺒﯿﻣآ ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد (ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ) يﺎﻫﺎﭘ ياراد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
رﺎﺧ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑزاوﺖﺳاﺎﯾدﻮﭘﻮﺘﻧﺎﮐآمﺎﻧﻪﺑﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻣﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗﺎﻫ
-ﻪﺑﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧﻂﯾاﺮﺷردﯽﻟو،ﺪﻨﮐ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﯽﻣردﯽﺘﺴﯿﮐ ﻪﮐﺪﯾآ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ،هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ داﻮﻣ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )ﺖﺳا موﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ و تراﺮﺣ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ 3
.( ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
داﺮﻓا ردارﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯾاﻪﻠﻤﺟزا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐدﺎﺠﯾاﯽﻨﻤﯾاﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﺺﻘﻧيارادﺎﯾﻢﻟﺎﺳ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ ،ﯽﺒﯿﻣآ زﻮﺗﺎﻣﻮﻟﻮﻧاﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻔﺴﻧا ناﻮﺗ
ﻢﺧز ،ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋو ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺲﻔﻨﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳديﺎﻫ
)دﺮﺑ مﺎﻧ ار (لﺎﯿﺸﻧرﺎﻓوزﺎﻧ) ﯽﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ 5،4
.( ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻔﺴﻧا
زاوهدادخرﯽﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗﯽﺴﻔﻨﺗهﺎﮕﺘﺳدردﯽﺒﯿﻣآزﻮﺗﺎﻣﻮﻟﻮﻧاﺮﮔ ﯽﻣشﺮﺘﺴﮔيﺰﮐﺮﻣﯽﺒﺼﻋﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﺖﻤﺳﻪﺑنﻮﺧﻖﯾﺮﻃ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﺺﻘﻧﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ يارادداﺮﻓاردﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑيرﺎﻤﯿﺑﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد )دﻮﺷ
6،4 .( ﻢﺧز ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ و ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
اد داﺮﻓاردو هﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑﺰﯿﻧ لﺎﯿﺸﻧرﺎﻓوزﺎﻧ ﺺﻘﻧ يار
ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ )دﻮﺷ
1 ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ داﺮﻓا .(
ﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮐﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ يداﺮﻓاﯽﯾﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﯽﺘﺣ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪﻫد خر ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ هرﺎﺑود ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ )
5،4 ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ .(
ﺐﻠﻏا ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ بآ ردندﺮﮐ ﺎﻨﺷ زاﺲﭘ
ﺎﯾ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺳﺪﻋ زاﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻫدﯽﻣخر ﻢﺸﭼﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗيﺎﻫ
ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳايرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ يﺎﻫ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ،ﻪﻧﺎﺧرد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳﯽﮑﻤﻧ هدﻮﻟآ هﺪﻨﻨﮐكﺎﭘيﺎﻫ
ﯽﺳﺪﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛا رد ﻪﯿﻧﺮﻗ شاﺮﺧ دﺎﺠﯾا ،ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑهدﻮﻟآ ياﻮﻫو بآ سﺎﻤﺗ وﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﯽﺳﺪﻋ
ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ )ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 6،5 .( ﺴﻣزا ﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔﻞﯿﻟدﻪﺑﻪﮐيﺮﮕﯾدﻢﻬﻣﻞﺋﺎ
ﯾز ــ ﯾادﺎ ــ ﻣآﻦ ــﯿ ـ ﯽﻣﺖﯿﻤﻫايارادﺐ ﺧﺮﺑﯽﺘﺴﯾﺰﻤﻫﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ـ ﯽ
ازيرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺮﯾﺎﺳ وﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾاﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳردرﻮﻀﺣﺎﺑﻪﮐﺪﺷﺎﺑ ردﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ درﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻼﯿﻓﻮﻣﻮﻧﻮﭘﻼﻧﻮﯾﮋﻟ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣيﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﻦﯾاﻪﮐﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﺧادردﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ و ﺪﺷر و ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
وﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣردﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗﻦﯾاﻪﺑوﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣﺮﯿﻏ
ﯽﻣظﻮﻔﺤﻣﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﺪﺿ )ﺪﻧﺎﻣ
6،4 .( ﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ دﺎﺠﯾاوﻂﯿﺤﻣردﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾا ناواﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
و بآ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ هﮋﯾو لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾﺰﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ازيرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑموﺰﻟ وﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾاﺎﺑ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ
هﺪﻨﯾﻻآوبآ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺘﺴﯾز رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑحﺮﻃﻦﯾاسﺎﺳاﻦﯾاﺮﺑ،
يﺰﮐﺮﻣنﺎﺘﺳاﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳوربآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣردﻞﮕﻧاﻦﯾاعﻮﯿﺷﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧا .
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑشور
رد ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا 36
يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳور زا ﺎﺘﺳور
نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ رد يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ، كارا نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ 1390
ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ فﺪﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
،تﺎﻨﻗ،ﺎﻫﻪﻤﺸﭼ) كارانﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺰﮐﺮﻣﺶﺨﺑﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳور ندﻮﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا (ﯽﺸﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ بآ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯿﺸﯿﭘ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺪﻋ و ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا ،صﻮﺼﺧ 50
) كارا يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳور ﺪﺻرد 36
ﻪﺑ (ﺎﺘﺳور
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺘﺳور ﺮﻫ رد .ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يا
سﺎﺳا
هﺪﺷﺬﺧاﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻊﺒﻨﻣﺮﻫزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣبآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ 54
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺑ ﻪ دﻮﺑﯽﺑآ ﻊﺒﻨﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻪﺑﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧدوروطﺮﺷ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
ﺖﺴﺷياﺮﺑﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳورﯽﻟﺎﻫاﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳانﺪﯿﻣﺎﺷآوﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺷ .ﺪ
ﺖﺸﮐﻂﯿﺤﻣ
يوﺎﺣ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ﯽﻠﮐﺎﯿﺸﯾﺮﺷا
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
5/ 1 ﺎﺑ رﺎﮔآ مﺮﮔ 100
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
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ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺖﻬﺟزﺎﯿﻧدرﻮﻣداﻮﻣ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔﻞﺣ زاﺮﺘﯿﻟﮏﯾ
ﻦﯾا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻢﯾﺪﺳتﺎﻔﺴﻓ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 142
/0 ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘتﺎﻔﺴﻓ،مﺮﮔ
136 /0 ﺮﻠﮐ،مﺮﮔ ﻢﯾﺪﺳﺪﯾ
12 /0 ﻢﯾﺰﯿﻨﻣتﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ،مﺮﮔ 004
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ﻢـﯿﺴـﻠﮐﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐومﺮﮔ 004
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.ﻢﻧﺎﺳرﯽﻣﺮﺘﯿﻟﮏﯾﻪﺑ
اﺪﺘﺑا ﻞﮕﻧا ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ياﺮﺑ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﮑﻣزا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑﺎﻬﻧآ ردﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ سﺎﺳاﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ،دﻮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳا بآ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ويروآﻊﻤﺟكاراﺮﻬﺷﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ
i
ﻪﺑﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧر 4
ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓنﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟرﻮﻃﻪﺑوهﺪﺷ ﻂﯿﺤﻣعﻮﻧوديورﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓزايداﺪﻌﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﮕﯾد و هﺪﻧز يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ يوﺎﺣ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ ﺖﺸﮐ يﺮ
ﻪﺘﺳد .دﻮﺑهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺸﮐيﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑيوﺎﺣ اﺪﺘﺑاﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓزاﺮﮕﯾديا
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد
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لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﮑﺗ
رد ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣﺎﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔﺖﺸﮐ وژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ هار و ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا
-.ﺪﯾدﺮﮔيزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ،ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳورزايﺮﯿﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧرﺎﺑﺮﻫزاﺪﻌﺑ
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺖﺸﮐﻞﺣاﺮﻣولﺎﻘﺘﻧاهﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآﻪﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘمﺎﺠﻧاﺎﻫ
ﺘﺑا ــ ﺷطﻮﻠﺨﻣبﻮﺧﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧاﺪ ـ
دوﺪﺣوهﺪ 1
ﺖﻬﺟنآزاﺮﺘﯿﻟ
ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓﺬﻏﺎﮐ زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ .ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ
ﻦﻤﺗاو 42 ترﻮﺻ (رﻮﭙﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ) ءﻼﺧ ﭗﻤﭘ و
ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ردﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ،ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ زاﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧرﻮﺒﻋزاﺲﭘ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ يوﺎﺣ
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تﺪﻣﻪﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣلﻮﻠﺤﻣ .ﺪﺷهدادنﺎﮑﺗ
10 رودﺎﺑﻪﻘﯿﻗد 500
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳزاﺲﭘ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ژﻮﯿﻔﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺗرددﻮﺟﻮﻣبﻮﺳر وهﺪﺷﯽﻟﺎﺧ ﯽﯾور ﻊﯾﺎﻣﺎﻫ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ يوﺎﺣ يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يوﺮﺑ
ﯽﻠﮐﺎﯿﺸﯾﺮﺷا
رﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧاردوﻪﺘﺨﯾرهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺸﮐ 37
ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد ﻪﺑوداﺮﮔ
تﺪــﻣ 4 ﺎﺗ 7 ﮕﻧ زور ــ ﺷيراﺪﻬ ــ ﺑ .ﺪ ــ ﭼ زورزاﺪﻌ ــ
مرﺎﻬ
ﺑــ ﻃﻪ ــ ﻧازوررﻮ ــ ﻣزاﻪ ــ ﺤ ــ ﻂﯿ ﻫ ــ ﮐ يﺎ ــ ﺖﺸ هﺪﺷﻪﯿﻬﺗمﻻ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ) ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔ يﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑو 1
ﻪﺑ 40 ﻪﺑ و (
ﻣ ــ تﺪ 12 ﻗد ــ ﻘﯿ ــ ﻧر ﻪ ــ ﯿﻣآ ﮓ
ــ ﺮﻫ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺰ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ مﻻ 15
.ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﭘــ ﺳﻮ ــ ﻧﻮﭘ و درﺎ ــ
) ﺲ 4 -6 ﮔ ( ــ ﻪﻧﻮ ﻫ ــ ﻣ يﺎ ــ ﺨ ــــ ﻒﻠﺘ
ﻧﺎﮐآ ﺮﺑار ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘــ ﺳا
ــ ﺷسﺎ ــ ﻧا وﻞﮑ ــ هزاﺪ ﯿﮐ ــ ﺳرد ﺖﺴ ــ
ﻪ
ﮔ ــ ﻃ هوﺮ ــ ﻪﻘﺒ ﻨﺑ ــ ﮐ يﺪ ــ ﻧا هدﺮ ــ ﮐ ﺪ ــ ﯾا زا ﻪ ــ ﻦ
ﺸﻣ ــ ﺨ ــ ﻪﺼ ﺟ ﺎﻫ ــ ﻬ ــ ﺸﺗﺖ ــ ﯿﺨ ــ
ﮐ ﺺ
ـﯿـ ﺖﺴ ﻫ ــ ﮐيﺎ ــ ﺖﺸ
ﯾ ـــ ﻓﺎ ــﺘ ــ ﻣردﻪ ــ ﯿﺤ ــ ﮐﻂ ــ ﺸ ــ ﺘﺳاﺖ ــ ﻔ ــ ﮔهدﺎ ــ ﯾدﺮ ــ .ﺪ
ﻞﮑﺷ
1 -
ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﺖﺴﯿﮐوﺪﻧا .ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔيﺰﯿﻣآﮓﻧرردﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآيﺎﻫ هرﺎﺘﺳيﺎﻫ
ﮓﻧرﯽﺑﺎﯾﮓﻧرﻢﮐﺖﺴﯿﮐﻮﺘﮐاوﯽﺑآﮓﻧرﻪﺑﯽﻌﻠﺿﺪﻨﭼويا
لوﺪﺟ
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ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ
بآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزاهﺪﺷهاﺪﺟ
ﺪﺻرد دراﻮﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
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8 8 2 8 33
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ﯽﺸﮐﻪﻟﻮﻟبآ ﻪﻤﺸﭼبآ تﺎﻨﻗبآ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﻮﺗﻮﻣبآ ﻞﮐﻊﻤﺟ
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يزدازآﺐﯿﻣآﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗويزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
. . .
ﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺸﮐ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓيﺎﻫﺬﻏﺎﮐ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣردهﺪﺷ
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ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔ يﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر ﺮﻈﻧ زا .ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ رد ار ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ
هﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺖﺒﺴﻧ 1
ﻪﺑ 40 دﻮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟنﺎﻣزﻦﯾﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣو
ﺖﺴﯿﮐﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﮓﻧر دوﺪﺣﺖﺸﮐﻂﯿﺤﻣرددﻮﺟﻮﻣيﺎﻫ
12
ﺖﺴﯿﮐ .دﻮﺑﻪﻘﯿﻗد يﺰﯿﻣآﮓﻧر زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاردﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآيﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ رد ﯽﺑآ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ﺎﺴﻤﯿﮔ ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾآ
هرﺎﺘﺳﺖﺴﯿﮐوﺪﻧا هﺪﻣآردﯽﺑآﮓﻧرﻪﺑﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآﯽﺜﻠﺜﻣﺎﯾيا
ﻢﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑﺎﯾوﮓﻧر ﯽﺑﻪﻟﺎﻫ ﮏﯾترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺖﺴﯿﮐﻮﺘﮐاو هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﮓﻧر ﯽﻣ
ﻞﮑﺷ )دﻮﺷ 1 .( ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ عﻮﯿﺷ ردﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻗبآ ــ ﻫتﺎﻨ ــ ﯾدﺎ ــ ﺷهﺪ ــ ﻫوﺪ ــ ﻧودﺮ ــ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهدﻮﻟآﻪﻧﻮﻤ
ﺘﻤﮐو ــ ﯾﺮ ــ ﻟآﻦ ــ .ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﯽﺸﮐﻪﻟﻮﻟيﺎﻫبآردﯽﮔدﻮ
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زاﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑﺪﺻرد ﻪﮐداد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻣآﺖﺳﺪﺑﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﯽﻣﻦﯾاوهدﻮﺑﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾاﻪﺑهدﻮﻟآ،ﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳوربآ ﺗ
ﺪﻧاﻮ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دﺎﺠﯾا ردﯽﻤﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ مزﻻ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا
ﯽﻣﺮﻈﻧ شورﻪﮐﺪﺳر يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺖﻬﺟيﺮﺛﻮﻣﯽﻟﺮﺘﻨﮐيﺎﻫ
بآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﯽﮔدﻮﻟآزا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺷ ﯽﺧﺮﺑﯽﺘﺴﯾﺰﻤﻫﻦﯿﻨ
از يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻞﮕﻧا ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ
ﻼﻧﻮﯾﮋﻟ
ﻼﯿﻓﻮﻣﻮﻧﻮﭘ
ﯽﻣبﺎﺠﯾا ﮐﺎﺗﺪﻨﮐ
بآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣيورﺮﺑﯽﻘﯿﻗدلﺮﺘﻨ
) دﺮﯿﮔ ترﻮﺻ 7،6
ﻄﻣ رد .( ﻪﻌﻟﺎ
و يﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ يا
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻧﺪﯿﻣﺎﺷآ بآ يور ﺮﺑ
يﺎﻫ 13 ﺮﻬﺷ
داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ناﺮﯾا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ 94
ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻪﮐ
45 ) درﻮﻣ 48 ﻦﯾازا (%
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔدﻮﻟآﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑﻪﮐدﻮﺑهدﻮﻟآﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣﯽ
-ﺎﺑﺪﻬﺸﻣﺮﻬﺷيﺎﻫ 83
) دﻮﺑﯽﮔدﻮﻟآﺪﺻرد 1
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد .( يا
رد ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ عﻮﯿﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ بآ عﻮﻤﺠﻣزا،ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاناﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷﯽﺤﻄﺳيﺎﻫ 22
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
هﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ 13
)ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 1/ 59 ﺖﺸﮐ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ (%
زاﮏﯿﻧﺰﮔﻮﻨﻣ ﺖﺴﯿﮐيﺮﻫﺎﻇﻞﮑﺷظﺎﺤﻟ
ﺳﺪﺑيﺎﻫ ،هﺪﻣآﺖ
ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ )دراد 9 يﺮﮕﯾدﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد .( نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ونﺎﯿﯾﺎﺿرﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﮐ
ﺧوبآزا ـــ
ﺣكﺎ ــ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدورﻪﯿﺷﺎ ﻪﭼﺎﯾردوﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
عﻮﻤﺠﻣزا،ﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻنورزﺎﮐ 354
كﺎﺧوبآﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﭼﺎﯾرد و ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
نژرا ﺖﺷد و نﺎﺸﯾﺮﭘ 10
درﻮﻣ
و ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ 3
بآﻦﮐﺎﺳ يزدازآﺐﯿﻣآ) ﺎﯾﺮﻠﮕﻧدرﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
)ﺪﺷاﺪﺟ (مﺮﮔ 8
ﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﮐيﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد .(
Lekkla و
ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ،تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ يزدازآ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻤﺸﭼ ،ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ و ﺎﯾﺮﻠﮕﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳور ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ بآ يﺎﻫ
زاﺶﯿﺑ 13 نﺎﺘﺳا رﺪﻨﻠﯾﺎﺗرﻮﺸﮐ يﺎﻣد .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳهدﻮﻟآا
بآﻦﯾا دوﺪﺣمﺮﮔيﺎﻫ 28 ﺎﺗ 56 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد وداﺮﮔ PH ﺎﻬﻧآ 6 ﺎﺗ 8 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﯾا رد .دﻮﺑ 2/
38 ﺖﺒﺜﻣﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺪﺻرد
)ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 9 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد .(
Niyyati
نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓزاﺲﭘ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫو
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣيورﺮﺑﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑارﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓﺬﻏﺎﮐ،بآيﺎﻫ
هدادراﺮﻗﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﮐشورﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﯾاردﯽﻟوﺪﻧدﻮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺖﺸﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺬﻏﺎﮐندﺮﮐﮏﯿﺷ،ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﻫ
يوﺎﺣﺖﯿﻠﭘرد
page saline
قﻮﻓلﻮﻠﺤﻣنآزاﺲﭘﻪﮐدﻮﺑ
ژﻮﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘرودﺎﺑار روهدﺮﮐ
هدادﺖﺸﮐﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣبﻮﺳ
)ﺪﺷ 10 ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﮐ ( تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﻪ
ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺷاد
)ﺖ 12،11،7 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد .( ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ يا
،كﺎﺧ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣيورﺮﺑنارﺎﮑﻤﻫونﺎﯿﯾﺎﺿر (وﺎﮔعﻮﻓﺪﻣ و رﺎﺒﻏودﺮﮔ ،ﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳابآ،ﯽﻧﺪﯿﻣﺎﺷآ بآ ﻪﮐﺪﯾدﺮﮔهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻناﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷ 37
) 25 / 46
زاﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ (ﺪﺻرد 80
ﻊﻤﺟﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآﻪﺑهدﻮﻟآهﺪﺷيروآ
ﯽﻣ ﯾانﺎﯿﻣ زاﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ
هدﻮﻟآ كﺎﺧ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫ
و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔشراﺰﮔ 33
و بآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﺪﺻرد 46
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺻرد
)ﺪﯾدﺮﮔشراﺰﮔهدﻮﻟآﺰﯿﻧرﺎﺒﻏودﺮﮔزاﻞﺻﺎﺣ 13 .( يﺮﯿﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺐﯿﻣآﻦﯾاﻪﺑهدﻮﻟآﯽﯾﺎﺘﺳوربآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزاﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑﺪﺻرد
ﯽﻣ وهدﻮﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دﺎﺠﯾا ردﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﺮﻈﻧ شورﻪﮐﺖﺳازﺎﯿﻧﺪﺳر يﺮﺛﻮﻣﯽﻟﺮﺘﻨﮐيﺎﻫ
يﻼﺘﺑازايﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘوبآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﯽﮔدﻮﻟآزايﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا دﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ .
ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗوﺮﮑﺸﺗ
ﯾا ــ ﻄﻣ ﻦ ــ ﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎ ــ ﻃ ﻞﺻﺎ ــ ﺗ حﺮ ــ ﺤ ــ ﻘ ــ ﻘﯿ ــ ﺗﺎ ــ ﯽ ﺷ ــ ﻤ ــ هرﺎ 548 ﻣ ــ ﻧوﺎﻌ ــ ﭘ ﺖ ــ ﺗ و ﺶﻫوﮋ ــ ﺤ ــ ﻘ ــ تﺎﻘﯿ ﺸﻧاد ـــ ﻋ هﺎﮕ ــﻠ ــ ﭘمﻮ ــ ﺷﺰ ــ ﯽﻣكاراﯽﮑ ﻪﻠﯿﺳوﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﮐوهﺎﮕﺸﻧادتﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗوشزﻮﻣآمﺮﺘﺤﻣﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣزا ــ
نﺎﻨﮐرﺎ
ﻣا ــ ﺿﺎﻓوبآرﻮ ــ
ﺳوربﻼ ــ ﺘﺳاﯽﯾﺎﺘ ــ ﻣنﺎ ــ ﮐﺮ ــ ردﻪﮐيﺰ
7. Eftekhar M, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad A, Haghighi A, Sharifi Sarasiabi Kh, Nochi Z, Athari A. Detection of Acanthamoeba from fresh water using polymerase chain reaction. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine. 2009; 33(1): 43-46.[Persian]
8. Rezaian M., Bagheri F., Farnia Sh., Babai Z. ,Isolation of Pathogenic Ameaba (Negleria and Acanthamoeba) from water Sources And Margin Soils of Reveirs and lakes in KazerunJournal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2003; 1(3): 41-48. [Persian]
9. Lekkla A, Sutthikornchai Ch, Bovornkitti S, Sukthana Y. Free-living Ameaba contamination in natural hot spring in Thailand. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2005; 36(4): 5-9.
10. Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Rezaie S, Rahimi F, Mohebali M, Maghsood AH, et al. Genotyping of Acanthamoeba isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in Iran. Experimental Parasitology. 2009; 121(3): 242-245.
11. Khan NA. Pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infections. Microbe Pathog. 2003; 34(6): 277-85. 12. Cao Z, Jefferson DM, Panjwani N. Role of carbohydrate-mediated adherence in cytopathogenic mechanism of Acanthamoeba. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273(5): 15838-15845.
13. Rezaeian M, Niyyati M, Farnia Sh, Motevalli Haghi A. Isolation of Acanthamoeba Spp. from Different Environmental Sources. Iranian J Parasitol. 2008; 3(1): 44-47.
ﻧا ــ ﻫمﺎﺠ ــ ﻬﺑ ﻪﭼﺮ ــ ﯾاﺮﺘ ــ ﻃﻦ ــ ﻣحﺮ ــ ﯾارﺎ ــ ﻤﻧيرﺎ ــ هدﻮ
-ﻧا ــ ﺗﺪ ــ ﺸ ــ ﻗوﺮﮑ ــ ﻧادرﺪ ــ ﻣﯽ ــــ ﯽ ﻧـ ﯾﺎﻤ ـﯿـ .ﻢ
References
1. Bagheri HR, Shafiei R, Shafiei F, Sajjadi SA. Isolation of Acanthamoeba Spp. from Drinking Waters in Several Hospitals of Iran. Iranian J Parasitol. 2010; 5(2): 19-25.
2. Lorenzo-Morales J, Ortega-Rivas A, Martínez E, Khoubbane M, Artigas P, Periago MV, et al. Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T1, T2, T3, T4 and T7 genotypes from environmental freshwater samples in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Acta Tropica. 2006; 100(1-2): 63-69.
3. Magliano AC, da Silva FM, Teixeira MM, Alfieri SC. Genotyping, physiological features and proteolytic activities of a potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp. Isolated from tap water in Brazil. Experimental Parasitology. 2009; 123(3): 231-235.
4. Hsu BM, Ma PH, Liou TS, Chen JS, Shih FC. Identification of 18s ribosomal DNA genotype of Acanthamoeba from hot spring recreation areas in the central range, Taiwan. Journal of Hydrology. 2009; 367(3-4): 249-254.
5. Bonilla-Lemus P, Ramírez-Bautista GA, Zamora-Muñoz C, Ibarra-Montes Mdel R, Ramírez-Flores E, Hernández-Martínez MD. Acanthamoeba spp. In domestic tap water in houses of contact lens wearers in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Experimental Parasitology. 2010; 126(1): 54-58.
6. Huang SW, Hsu BM. Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba from Taiwan spring recreation areas using culture enrichment combined with PCR. Acta Tropica. 2010; 115(3): 282-287.
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يزدازآﺐﯿﻣآﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗويزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
. . .
The Isolation and Detection of Acanthamoeba in Rural Water Sources of Arak, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objective: Acanthamoeba species are free-living protozoa that can be isolated from all environments. They can bring about different diseases in healthy individuals and immune suppressed patients, for example, Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK), Cutaneous and Nasopharyngeal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Acanthamoeba prevalence in rural water sources of Markazi province.
Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 54 water samples were collected from 36 villages of Markus province. First, the Samples were filtered by filter paper (watchman 42). Next, the filtered paper were placed in page saline solution and centrifuged. Then, the obtained sediment was cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA) plates overlaid with heat-killed Escherichia coli. After that, the provided smear (after 4 - 7 days) stained with Geimsa.
Results: The samples were positive (33; 61.11%) and negative (21; 38.89%) for Acanthamoeba cyst. The best result for isolation of Acanthamoeba cysts was obtained after shaking of filter paper.
Conclusion: Ahigh percentage of rural water sources have been contaminated with Acanthamoeba, which can be the major factor in causing human infections. Therefore, some effective methods are required to prevent from water sources contamination.
Keywords: Acanthamoeba; Acanthamoeba Keratitis; Markazi Province; Rural; Water Sources
Mosayebi, M. (PhD)
Assistant Professor of Parasitology, Dept. of Parasitology, Arak University of
Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Ghorbanzadeh, B.
Instructor of Medical Parasitology, Dept. of Parasitology, Arak University of Medical Sciences,
Arak, Iran
Eslamirad, Z. (PhD)
Assistant Professor of Parasitology, Dept. of Parasitology, Arak University of
Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Ejtehadifar, M.
BSc Student of Medical Laboratory, Dept. of Medical Laboratory, Arak University of
Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Rastad, B.
BSc Student of Medical Laboratory, Dept. of Medical Laboratory, Arak University of
Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Corresponding Author: Mosayebi, M.
Email: m.mosayebi@arakmu.ac.ir
Received: 23 Feb 2013 Revised: 17 Ap 2013 Accepted: 21 Apr 2013
