Work and Machines Reinforcement/Study Guide Name ___________________________________ P:_____ Use the word bank below to match the key term with the best matching definition/description. Each key term is used once.
compound machine force Law of Conservation
of Energy Newton screw work
distance fulcrum lever resistance simple machine
effort inclined plane load pivot spring scale
energy inference moveable pulley plane wedge
fixed pulley input force movement pulley wheel and axle
Vocabulary Key Term Definition/Description
1. states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changes from one form to another
2. occurs when a force causes an object to move in the same direction that the force is applied
3. ability to do work and make a change
4. work requires effort and ___?____ over a distance 5. work = Force x __________
6. the force or energy you put into moving something 7. push or pull
8. pivot point of a lever
9. force you overcome when using a simple machine (aka load, weight, output force)
10. force you apply to a simple machine (aka effort force) 11. mass that is being moved
12. device that multiplies your force or change the direction of the force 13. to turn or rotate
14. grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped over
15. rigid bar or board that is free to rotate/pivot around a fulcrum 16. flat surface
17. flat sloped surface (includes ramp, screw, wedge)
18. two circular objects of different sizes that are attached and rotate together
19. two inclined planes joined back to back
20. inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, post, or shaft 21. when two or more simple machines work together
22. pulley secured to a set point, changes the direction not force 23. pulley attached to the object moving and reduces effort force 24. tool to measure force
25. metric SI unit that measures force
Label and Point to where the simple machines are located in each compound machine shown. (27-31)
27. Crane (3) 28. Can opener (3): 29. Fishing Pole (4)
30. Apple Spiralizer (4): 31. Bicycle (4)
32. Identify the simple machines found in these common items. Items may have one or more simple machines. Use the abbreviations shown: lever (L), wheel and axle (W+A), Pulley (P), Inclined Plane-Ramp (R), Inclined Plane- Wedge (W), Inclined Plane-Screw (S)
airplane wing: W fork: pliers: stapler:
arm: funnel: rake: tongs:
axe: gears: ramp: toy cars:
block-and-tackle: P hammer: rock climbing gear: tweezers:
boat bow (front): jackhammer (digs into cement):
roller skates: well and water bucket:
bolt: jar lid: scissors: wheel barrow:
broom: knife: shoelaces: wheelchair:
door knob: ladder: shovel: winding mountain
road:
door stop: lightbulb base: snow plow: window blinds:
elevator: moving
clothesline:
faucet spigot:
escalator: nail: spiral staircase:
fan blade: nail clippers: stairs:
33. Identify the location of the fulcrum, effort (applied force), and load.
34. Decide whether each situation is an example of work being done, label each as Yes or No.
Lifting a book Carrying a box into a house
Carrying a stack of books to another room A weightlifter holding a weight above his head
Running across a field Sliding down a slide
Jumping up to see over a fence Pushing a sturdy wall that does not move
Typing on a keyboard Rolling a ball
Holding a bag of groceries Earth revolving around the Sun
35. Which scenario below requires the least amount of effort force? ____ Why? _______________________ ___________________________________________
36. Label each pulley in A-D above as fixed (F) or moveable (M).
37. Which arrangement would require the least amount of effort force to lift the load? 37. Which arrangement requires an effort force equal to the weight?
38. How does pulley A make work easier?
40. a. Circle the diagram above that requires the least amount of force.
b. Why?
41. Each of the men in the illustration is pushing on the box. They each push for 30 seconds but do NOT move the box. The men applied ___________ but ____________ was not done.
42. We see evidence of energy when we see ___________ done. Work = Force x distance W=Fxd
Sample Problem: How much work is completed to lift a box 50 Newtons of force upward in 2 meters? W = F x d W= ?, F= 50 N, d= 2 m
W = (50N) x (2m) = 100Nm
43. If you wanted to do the same amount of work with less force (25 N), the distance moved would need to ___________________. W = ______, F = ________, d = __________
W = F x d =
44. Work is performed by a lever when a load (L) of 5 Newtons is applied at one end.
a. Using the formula, what force (F) is required to make the lever balanced? (5N, 10N, 20N, 40N)
b. How can the effort force be reduced (feels easier?)
45. Sam’s dad used a ramp to put a lawnmower in the back of his pickup truck. Sam’s dad said to him, “You see son, it takes a lot less work to use a ramp than to lift the lawnmower straight up from the ground.” What is wrong with the statement that Sam’s dad made?
46. Which is the correct order for the technological design process?
A. Design a solution or product, implement the design, identify a problem or need, evaluate the solution or the product.
B. Identify a problem or need, design a solution or product, implement the design, evaluate the solution or the product.
C. Implement the design, identify a problem or a need, identify a problem or need, evaluate the solution or the product.
47. A company is designing a dam with a floodgate to keep houses safe during the rainy season. The company is reviewing several possible designs that have worked in the past (research) and is trying to develop a plan for implementing one design. Which is the next step in this process?
A. pick several dams to use in a consumer survey B. test each dam model during a different flood season
C. analyze the dam designs and pick one based on local needs
D. redesign the past dams based on what the company feels will work best
48. A factory is producing a new machine designed to reduce the amount of air pollution in houses. The machine was produced and sold to the public. After several months, reports show the machine is not working correctly. Which of these most likely caused this outcome?
A. The proper cost analysis was not performed.
B. The prototype was not tested before use by the public. C. The designers did not test other types of machines.
49. Engineers plan to develop a new drill for use on oil rigs. What should the engineers do first in order to develop the new drill?
A. conduct research on features for the new drill C. determine the materials needed to build the new drill B. build a prototype of the new drill D. design a computer model of the new drill
50. Engineers designed a new construction material. When a strong enough force is applied to this material, the material turns red. This change in color is intended to warn people that the material has reached a breaking point. Which situation would best show that the new material provides a benefit?
A. In a laboratory test, the material fails to change color.
B. At a construction site, the color change allows workers to move to a safe area. C. When used in a building, the material changes colors in different levels of light. D. When used in a bridge, the material remains for a long time without changing color. 51. Which task is more suited for a human than a robot?
A. screwing in the same nuts on a wheel hubcap on an assembly line B. quality inspection for comfort and appearance
52. The first time a new device is built to be tested before final production by a company is called a(n) ___________________.
53. You want to build a model catapult complex machine. You want the catapult to be less than 2 cubic feet and to throw a ball. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be your next step?
a. build/construct prototypes of different kinds of catapults b. gather the materials needed to build the catapult
c. research the different designs of catapults d. test the efficiency of the built catapult 54. a. What are the tools to the right called?
b. SI metric unit?
c. Record the volume for each on the lines.
