Human Performance

01-

BASIC CONCEPT

Question 1 of 12

Number: 1116

Question:

Question:As a cause of accidents, the human factor 1.

1. which is cited in current statistics, which is cited in current statistics, applies to the flight crew and ATC onlyapplies to the flight crew and ATC only

2.

2. is cited in approximately 70 - is cited in approximately 70 - 80 % of aviation accidents80 % of aviation accidents 3.

3. plays a negligible role in plays a negligible role in commercial aviation accidents. It is much more important in general aviationcommercial aviation accidents. It is much more important in general aviation 4.

4. has increased considerably since 1980 - the percentage of accident in which this factor has increased considerably since 1980 - the percentage of accident in which this factor has beenhas been involved has more than tripled since this date

involved has more than tripled since this date

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 2 of 12

Number: 2467

Question:

Question:What aircraft equipment marked a substantial decrease in hull loss rates in the eighties? 1. 1. SSRSSR 2. 2. TCASTCAS 3. 3. GPWSGPWS 4. 4. DMEDME

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 3 of 12

Number: 2472

Question:

Question:Between which components, with reference to the SHELL Concept, covers pilot misinterpretation of the old three-point altimeter?

1.

1. Liveware - SoftwareLiveware - Software 2.

2. Liveware - LivewareLiveware - Liveware

3.

3. Liveware - HardwareLiveware - Hardware 4.

4. Liveware - EnvironmentLiveware - Environment

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 4 of 12

Number: 2475

Question:

Question:The errors resulting from an illogical indexing system in an operations manual are related to an interface mismatch between

1.

1. Liveware - LivewareLiveware - Liveware 2.

2. Liveware - EnvironmentLiveware - Environment 3.

3. Liveware - HardwareLiveware - Hardware

4.

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 5 of 12

Number: 12573

Question:

Question:A pilot using a checklist is an example of the interaction within the SHELL Concept of: 1. 1. L and HL and H 2. 2. L and EL and E 3. 3. L and SL and S 4. 4. L and LL and L

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 6 of 12

Number: 12630

Question:

Question:In 1972, a psychologist named Edwards presented a concept of the interface between flight crew and other parts of the airspace environment. What is this concept called and the names of those elements involved ?

1.

1. The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment and locationThe SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment and location 2.

2. The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, economy and livewareThe SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, economy and liveware 3.

3. The SHELL Concept. Software, harmony, environment, and locationThe SHELL Concept. Software, harmony, environment, and location

4.

4. The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment, and livewareThe SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment, and liveware

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 7 of 12

Number: 15870

Question:

Question:The most significant item of technical equipment introduced in the 1980s & 1990s which has contributed to a reduction in accidents is:

1. 1. AFDSAFDS 2. 2. EFISEFIS 3. 3. GPWSGPWS 4. 4. ATISATIS

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 8 of 12

Number: 3748

Question:

Question:A pilot becomes skilled when he/she: -1: trains or practises regularly -2: knows how to manage himself/herself -3: possesses all the knowledge associated with his aircraft -4: knows how to keep resources in reserve for coping with the unexpected

1. 1. 1,2,41,2,4 2. 2. 1,2,3,41,2,3,4 3. 3. 2, 3,42, 3,4

4. 1,2

Flag this question

Question 9 of 12

Number: 3769

Question:

Question:In civil air transport, linear accelerations (Gx): - 1: do not exist - 2: have slight physiological consequences - 3: may, in the case of pull-out, lead to loss of consciousness - 4: may cause sensory illusions on the pitch axis

1. 1 2. 3 3. 3,4

4. 2,4

Flag this question

Question 10 of 12

Number: 11062

Question:

Question:The distribution of primary causes of accidents in the worldwide jet aircraft commercial fleet shows that human error is involved in:

1. about 90% of cases

2. about 70% of cases 3. all cases, one way or another 4. about 55% of cases

Flag this question

Question 11 of 12

Number: 12332

Question:

Question:With reference to the SHELL Model, S represents: 1. Self-awareness (which includes Safety)

2. Symbology (which includes safety) 3. Security (which includes Safety)

4. Software (which includes check lists)

Flag this question

Question 12 of 12

Number: 12358

Question:

Question:Who in the Aviation Industry is responsible for flight safety ? 1. Management, Aircrew, Groundcrew and ATC

3. Everyone involved

4. Aircrew and GroundCrew

Flag this question

02-

02- PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY AND AND HEALTHHEALTH

Question 1 of 573

Number: 16348

Question:

Question:In the event of fuel spillage onto the body it is advisable that the affected area is:

1. bandaged and medication is applied to avoid blistering.

2. immediately exposed to air to allow the fuel to evaporate as quickly as possible.

3. initially washed with copious water and without the use of soap.

4. initially washed with soap and water.

Flag this question

Question 2 of 573

Number: 16676

Question:

Question:Flying while suffering from a cold may expose a pilot to:

1. Autokinesis.

2. Gastro-intestinal barotrauma.

3. sinus barotrauma only.

4. otic and sinus barotrauma.

Flag this question

Question 3 of 573

Number: 16556

Question:

Question:Using the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula, when will a pilot be classed as obese?

1. Over 30 for males and 29 for females

2. Over 10 for males and 9 for females

3. Over 26 for males and 25 for females

4. Over 20 for males and 19 for females

Flag this question

Question 4 of 573

Number: 16560

Question:

Question:A pilot is 1.7 metres tall and weighs 57 kgs. She is:

2. Normal. 3. Overweight. 4. Underweight.

Flag this question

Question 5 of 573

Number: 16389

Question:

Question:Which of the following statements are correct with regard to alcohol?

1. The maximum JAA limit for Flight and Cabin Crew is 40 milligrammes per 100 milliliters of blood.

2. It is absorbed directly from the stomach and intestines into the bloodstream. 3. It affects Orthodox sleep more than it affects REM sleep.

4. Eating while drinking alcohol reduces the amount of alcohol absorbed into the body.

Flag this question

Question 6 of 573

Number: 3

Question:

Question:Without visual reference, what illusion could the pilot get, when he is stopping the rotation to recover from a spin? He will get the illusion of

1. spinning into the opposite direction 2. straight and level flight

3. climbing and turning into the srcinal direction of the spin 4. spinning into the same direction

Flag this question

Question 7 of 573

Number: 5

Question:

Question:When accelerating forward the otoliths in the utriculus/sacculus will

1. give the illusion of descending (body tilting downwards, or forwards, nose of the aircraft going down) 2. give the illusion of straight and level flight

3. give the illusion of banking

4. give the illusion of climbing (body tilting backwards, nose of the a/c going up)

Flag this question

Question 8 of 573

Number: 6

Question:

Question:A pilot, accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get: 1. the feeling of rotation

2.

2. the illusion of climbing or the illusion of climbing or descendingdescending 3.

3. the illusion to turnthe illusion to turn 4.

4. the impression of stationary objects moving to the right or leftthe impression of stationary objects moving to the right or left

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 9 of 573

Number: 14

Question:

Question:Which of the following symptoms may a pilot experience when subjected to hypoxia? 1. Fatigue. 2. Euphoria. 3. Lack of concentration. 4. Pain in the joints. 5. Pain in the inner ear _{1.1. 4 and 5 only are correct4 and 5 only are correct}

2.

2. 1 and 5 only are correct1 and 5 only are correct 3.

3. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

4.

4. 1, 2 and 3 are correct1, 2 and 3 are correct

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 10 of 573

Number: 17

Question:

Question:The consumption of medicines or other substances may have consequences on qualification to fly for the following reasons: 1. The disease requiring a treatment may be cause for disqualification. 2. Flight conditions may modify the reactions of the body to a treatment. 3. Drugs may cause adverse side effects impairing flight safety. 4. The effects of medicine do not necessarily immediately disappear when the treatment is stopped.

1.

1. 1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is 1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is falsefalse 2.

2. Only 2 is false.Only 2 is false.

3.

3. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 4.

4. 3 and 4 are false, 3 and 4 are false, 1 and 2 are correct.1 and 2 are correct.

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 11 of 573

Number: 18

Question:

Question:Vitamin A and possibly vitamins B and C are chemical factors and essential to good night vision: 1. Vitamin deficiencies may decrease night vision performance 2. An excess intake of vitamin A will improve night vision performance significantly 3. Pilots should be carefully concerned to take a balaced diet containing sufficient vitamin A. 4. Vitamin deficiencies may decrease visual acuity in photopic vision but not in scotopic vision

1.

1. 1 and 3 are false, 1 and 3 are false, 2 and 4 are correct2 and 4 are correct 2.

2. Only 4 is falseOnly 4 is false

3.

3. 1 and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 1 and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are falseare false 4.

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 12 of 573

Number: 89

Question:

Question:The volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21% which 1.

1. is dependent on the present air is dependent on the present air pressurepressure 2.

2. decreases with increasing altitudedecreases with increasing altitude

3.

3. is constant at all altitudes for conventional aircraftis constant at all altitudes for conventional aircraft 4.

4. increases with increasing altitudeincreases with increasing altitude

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 13 of 573

Number: 91

Question:

Question:The percentage of oxygen in the air at an altitude of approximately 34 000 ft is: 1. 1. 42%42% 2. 2. 10,5%10,5% 3. 3. 21%21% 4. 4. 5%5%

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 14 of 573

Number: 92

Question:

Question:The respiratory process consists mainly of 1.

1. the transportation of oxygen to the transportation of oxygen to the cells and the elimination of carbon monoxidethe cells and the elimination of carbon monoxide 2.

2. the transportation of oxygen to the transportation of oxygen to the cells and the elimination of nitrogenthe cells and the elimination of nitrogen 3.

3. the transportation of carbon dioxide to the the transportation of carbon dioxide to the cells and elimination of oxygencells and elimination of oxygen 4.

4. the diffusion of oxygen through the the diffusion of oxygen through the respiratory membranrespiratory membranes into the blood, transportation to es into the blood, transportation to the cells,the cells,

diffusion into the cells and

diffusion into the cells and elimination of carbon dioxide from the bodyelimination of carbon dioxide from the body

Flag this question Flag this question

Question 15 of 573

Number: 93

Question:

Question:Inhaling carbon monoxide can be extremely dangerous during flying. Which of the following statements is correct?

1.

1. With increasing altitude the negative effects of carbon monoxide poisoning can be With increasing altitude the negative effects of carbon monoxide poisoning can be compensated for.compensated for. 2.

2. Carbon monoxide increases the oxygen saturation in the blood.Carbon monoxide increases the oxygen saturation in the blood.

3.

3. Carbon monoxide is odourless and colourless.Carbon monoxide is odourless and colourless. 4.

Flag this question

Question 16 of 573

Number: 94

Question:

Question:Carbon monoxide poisoning 1. occurs only above 15 degrees OAT

2. is more likely to occur in aeroplanes where the cabin heating is supplied by passing cabin air over the

exhaust manifold(s)

3. only occurs in jet-driven aeroplanes

4. is more likely to occur in aeroplanes with twin-engines because of high engine efficiency

Flag this question

Question 17 of 573

Number: 96

Question:

Question:Which of the following applies to carbon monoxide poisoning?

1. Several days are needed to recuperate from a carbon monoxide poisoning. 2. A very early symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is euphoria. 3. Inhaling carbon monoxide leads to hyperventilation.

4. The human body shows no sign of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Flag this question

Question 18 of 573

Number: 98

Question:

Question:How is oxygen mainly transported in the blood? 1. White blood cells.

2. Blood fat.

3. Haemoglobin in the red blood cells. 4. Plasma.

Flag this question

Question 19 of 573

Number: 99

Question:

Question:Which gas most readily co mbines with haemoglobin? 1. nitrogen

2. carbon monoxide 3. carbon dioxide 4. oxygen

Question 20 of 573

Number: 100

Question:

Question:Which of the following is true concerning carbon monoxide? 1. It combines 5 times faster to the haemoglobin than oxygen. 2. It is always present in the lungs.

3. It has no physiological effect when mixed with oxygen.

4. It is to be found in the smoke of cigarettes lifting up a smoker's "physiological altitude".

Flag this question

Question 21 of 573

Number: 101

Question:

Question:An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to: 1. a decrease of acidity in the blood

2. an increased respiratory rate 3. an improving resistance to hypoxia 4. a reduction of red blood cells

Flag this question

Question 22 of 573

Number: 102

Question:

Question:The rate and depth of breathing is primarily controlled by: 1. the total atmospheric pressure

2. the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood

3. the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood 4. the amount of nitrogen in the blood

Flag this question

Question 23 of 573

Number: 103

Question:

Question:In the alveoli gas exchange takes place (external respiration). Which gas will diffuse from the blood into the lungs?

1. Carbon monoxide.

2. Carbon dioxide. 3. Oxygen. 4. Ambient air.

Flag this question

Question 24 of 573

Number: 104

Question:

Question:Which statement is correct ? 1. Oxygen is mainly transported in plasma.

2. Oxygen diffusion from the lungs into the blood does not depend on partial oxygen pressure. 3. Oxygen diffusion from the blood into the cells depends on the partial oxygen pressure gradient.

4. The gradient of diffusion is higher at altitude than it is at sea-level.

Flag this question

Question 25 of 573

Number: 109

Question:

Question:How can a pilot increase his tolerance to Gz ?

1. Tightening of the stomach muscles. 2. Take an upright seat position. 3. Tighten shoulder harness.

4. Relax the muscles and lean upper body forward.

Flag this question

Question 26 of 573

Number: 112

Question:

Question: Hypoxia is caused by

1. an increased number of red blood cells

2. a higher affinity of the red blood cells (haemoglobin) to oxygen 3. reduced partial pressure of nitrogen in the lung

4. reduced partial oxygen pressure in the lung

Flag this question

Question 27 of 573

Number: 113

Question:

Question:Hypoxia can be caused by: 1. low partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere when flying at high altitudes without pressurisation and supplemental oxygen 2. a decreased saturation of oxygen in the blood due to carbon monoxide attached to the haemoglobin 3. blood pooling in the lower extremities due to_{inertia ( Gz) 4. malfunction of the body cells to metabolize oxygen (i.e. after a hangover)}

1. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 2. 1, 2, 3 are correct, 4 is false 3. 1 and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false 4. 1 is false, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

Question 28 of 573

Number: 115

Question:

Question:Why is hypoxia especially dangerous for pilots flying solo?

1. Hypoxia improves night vision therefore the pilot will have no indication of danger. 2. In a multi-crew cockpit hypoxia will always be detectable.

3. Only a solo pilot is more prone to illusions.

4. Since the first signs of hypoxia are generally hard to detect.

Flag this question

Question 29 of 573

Number: 116

Question:

Question:The symptoms of hypoxia include:

1. Visual disturbances, lack of concentration, euphoria. 2. Dull headache and bends.

3. Dizziness, hypothermia. 4. Nausea and barotitis.

Flag this question

Question 30 of 573

Number: 117

Question:

Question:Which of the following is/are the symptom(s) of hypoxia ? 1. Pain in the joints

2. Lack of concentration, fatigue, euphoria

3. Excessive rate and depth of breathing combined with pains in the chest area 4. Low blood pressure

Flag this question

Question 31 of 573

Number: 119

Question:

Question:Which statement applies to hypoxia?

1. it is possible to predict when, how and where hypoxia reaction starts to set in 2. you may become immune to hypoxia when exposed repeatedly to hypoxia 3. carbon monoxide increases the tolerance of the brain to oxygen deficiency

4. sensitivity and reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person

Flag this question

Question 32 of 573

Question:

Question:Hypoxia can be caused by

1. a lack of red blood cells in the blood or decreased ability of the haemoglobin to transport oxygen

2. increasing oxygen partial pressure used for the exchange of gases 3. a lack of nitrogen in ambient air

4. too much carbon dioxide in the blood

Flag this question

Question 33 of 573

Number: 121

Question:

Question:Which symptom of hypoxia is the most dangerous for conducting safe flight ? 1. Lack of adaptation.

2. Dizziness.

3. Lack of accommodation.

4. The degradation of reasoning and perceptive functions.

Flag this question

Question 34 of 573

Number: 123

Question:

Question:Breathing 100% oxygen will elevate the pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately: 1. 10 000

2. 40 000 ft 3. 45 000 ft 4. 22 000 ft

Flag this question

Question 35 of 573

Number: 124

Question:

Question:The most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia at altitude are 1. the bends and the creeps

2. dehydration

3. sensation of heat and blurred vision

4. euphoria and impairment of judgement

Flag this question

Question 36 of 573

Number: 126

Question:

Question:With hyperventilation, caused by high levels of arousal or overstress: 1. finger nails and lips will turn blue ("cyanosis")

2. peripheral and scotopic vision will be improved 3. more oxygen will reach the brain

4. an increased amount of carbon dioxide is exhaled causing muscular spasms and even unconsciousness

Flag this question

Question 37 of 573

Number: 300

Question:

Question:Cigarette smoking has particular significance to the flyer, because there are long-term and short-term harmful effects. From cigarette smoking the pilot can get:

1. a mild carbon dioxide poisoning increasing the pilot's tolerance to hypoxia 2. a suppressed desire to eat and drink

3. a mild carbon monoxide poisoning increasing the pilot´s tolerance to hypoxia

4. a mild carbon monoxide poisoning decreasing the pilot´s tolerance to hypoxia

Flag this question

Question 38 of 573

Number: 301

Question:

Question:A pilot who smokes will lose some of his capacity to transport oxygen combined with haemoglobin. Which percentage of his total oxygen transportation capacity would he give away when he smokes one pack of cigarettes a day?

1. 12 - 18%

2. 5 - 8% 3. 20 - 25% 4. 0.5 - 2%

Flag this question

Question 39 of 573

Number: 302

Question:

Question:Flying at pressure altitude of 10 000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude

1. lower than 10 000 FT

2. of 15000 FT when breathing 100% oxygen

3. above 10 000 FT 4. of 10 000 FT

Flag this question

Question 40 of 573

Question:

Question:Which of the following applies when alcohol has been consumed? 1. Drinking coffee at the same time will increase the elimination rate of alcohol 2. Acute effects of alcohol cease immediately when 100% oxygen is taken

3. Even after the consumption of small amounts of alcohol, normal cautionary attitudes may be lost

4. Small amounts of alcohol increase visual performance

Flag this question

Question 41 of 573

Number: 304

Question:

Question:Alcohol, when taken simultaneously with drugs, may 1. increase the rate of alcohol elimination from the blood

2. intensify the effects of the drugs

3. show undesired effects only during night flights 4. compensate for side effects of drugs

Flag this question

Question 42 of 573

Number: 347

Question:

Question:The proprioceptive senses (seat-of-the-pants sense) are important for motor coordination. They 1. indicate the difference between gravity and G-forces

2. are important senses for flight training in IMC

3. allow the pilot to determine the absolute vertical at flight condition

4. are completely unreliable for orientation when flying in IMC

Flag this question

Question 43 of 573

Number: 348

Question:

Question:The so-called "Seat-of-the-Pants" sense is

1. not suitable for spatial orientation when outside visual references are lost 2. the only sense a pilot can rely on, when flying in IMC

3. only to be used by experienced pilots with the permission to fly in IMC 4. useful for instrument and contact flight

Flag this question

Question 44 of 573

Number: 349

Question:

Question:Sensory input to the "Seat-of-the-Pants" sense is given by 1. pressure of the heart on the diaphragm

2. subcutaneous pressure receptors and muscle activity sensors 3. acceleration of the stomach (nausea)

4. blood rushing into legs

Flag this question

Question 45 of 573

Number: 351

Question:

Question:Orientation in flight is accomplished by 1. eyes 2. utriculus and sacculus 3. semicircular canals 4. Seat-of-the-pants-Sense_{1. only 1 and 4 are correct}

2. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

3. 2, 3 and 4 are false, only 1 is correct 4. 2, 3 and 4 are correct , 1 is false

Flag this question

Question 46 of 573

Number: 352

Question:

Question:What should a pilot do to optimise his/her night vision (scotopic vision)?

1. Not smoke before start and during flight and avoid flash-blindness 2. Avoid food containing high amounts of vitamin A

3. Select meals with high contents of vitamin B and C 4. Wait at least 60 minutes to night-adapt before he takes off

Flag this question

Question 47 of 573

Number: 353

Question:

Question:During poor weather conditions a pilot should fly with reference to instruments because: 1. pressure differences can cause the altimeter to give wrong information

2. his attention will be distracted automatically under these conditions

3. the danger of a "greying out" will make it impossible to determine the height above the terrain

4. perception of distance and speed is difficult in an environment of low contrast

Flag this question

Question 48 of 573

Number: 48

Question:

Question:A certain amount of water vapor saturated air is transported from sea-level up to 34 000 ft. In the same amount of dry air, the volume of this gas is :

2. first larger, then smaller

3. larger 4. constant

Flag this question

Question 49 of 573

Number: 49

Question:

Question:Breathing 100% oxygen at 40000 ft is equivalent to breathing ambient air at: 1. 18 000 ft

2. 14 000 ft

3. 10 000 ft 4. 8 000 ft

Flag this question

Question 50 of 573

Number: 50

Question:

Question:At what altitude (breathing 100% oxygen without pressure) could symptoms of hypoxia be expected?

1. Approximately 35 000 ft. 2. Approximately 10 - 12 000 ft. 3. 22 000 ft

4. Approximately 38 - 40 000 ft.

Flag this question

Question 51 of 573

Number: 51

Question:

Question:You can survive at any altitude, provided that 1. 21% oxygen is available in the air you breath in

2. the temperature in the cabin does not drop below 10" C

3. enough oxygen, pressure and heat is available 4. pressure respiration is guaranteed for that altitude

Flag this question

Question 52 of 573

Number: 52

Question:

Question:At which altitude is it necessary to breathe 100% oxygen plus pressure after a rapid decompression ?

2. Approximately 50 000 ft.

3. Approximately 40 000 ft. 4. Approximately 20 000 ft.

Flag this question

Question 53 of 573

Number: 54

Question:

Question:Fatigue and stress 1. increase the tolerance to hypoxia

2. lower the tolerance to hypoxia

3. will increase the tolerance to hypoxia when flying below 15 000 feet 4. do not affect hypoxia at all

Flag this question

Question 54 of 573

Number: 55

Question:

Question:The atmosphere contains the following gases:

1. 78% helium, 21% oxygen, 0,03% carbon dioxide, rest: rare gases 2. 78% helium, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon monoxide, rest: rare gases 3. 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% carbon monoxide, rest: rare gases

4. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0,03% carbon dioxide, rest: rare gases

Flag this question

Question 55 of 573

Number: 184

Question:

Question:Dizziness and tumbling sensations, when making head movements in a tight turn, are symptoms of

1. "Pilot`s vertigo" 2. "Flicker-vertigo" 3. "Oculogravic illusion" 4. "Nystagmus"

Flag this question

Question 56 of 573

Number: 185

Question:

Question:"Pilot's vertigo"

1. announces the beginning of airsickness

3. is the sensation of climbing caused by a strong linear acceleration

4. is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the

central nervous system (CNS)

Flag this question

Question 57 of 573

Number: 186

Question:

Question:What can a pilot do to avoid "Flicker vertigo" when flying in the clouds? 1. Dim the cockpit lights to avoid reflections

2. Engage the autopilot until breaking the clouds 3. Fly straight and level and avoid head movements

4. Switch strobe-lights off

Flag this question

Question 58 of 573

Number: 187

Question:

Question:What do you do, when you are affected by "pilot's vertigo"? 1. Establish and maintain an effective instrument cross-check. 2. Believe the instruments. 3. Ignore illusions. 4. Minimize head movements.

1. 1 and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false 2. Only 4 is false

3. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 4. 1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false

Flag this question

Question 59 of 573

Number: 189

Question:

Question:The risk of spatial disorientation increases when:

1. the pilot is buckled tightly to his/her seat and cannot sense the attitude changes of the aircraft by the Seat-of-the-Pants-Sense

2. there is contradictory information between the instruments and the vestibular organs 3. information from the vestibular organ in the inner ear are ignored

4. the pilot is performing an effective instrument cross-check and is ignoring illusions

Flag this question

Question 60 of 573

Number: 191

Question:

1. banking

2. flying straight and level 3. descending

4. climbing

Flag this question

Question 61 of 573

Number: 273

Question:

Question: The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor _{1. movements with constant speeds} 2. gravity

3. angular accelerations

4. relative speed and linear accelerations

Flag this question

Question 62 of 573

Number: 274

Question:

Question:Which part of the ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent?

1. The Eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane (ear drum) 2. The semicircular canals

3. The saccules and utricles 4. The cochlea

Flag this question

Question 63 of 573

Number: 275

Question:

Question:Which part of the inner ear is responsible for the perception of sound? 1. The Eustachian tube

2. The sacculus and utriculus 3. The semicircular canals

4. The cochlea

Flag this question

Question 64 of 573

Number: 276

Question:

Question:Which part of the vestibular apparatus is affected by changes in gravity and linear acceleration? 1. The semicircular canals

3. The eustachian tube

4. The sacculus and utriculus

Flag this question

Question 65 of 573

Number: 277

Question:

Question:Which part of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the detection of angular acceleration? 1. The Eustachian tube

2. The cochlea

3. The sacculus and utriculus

4. The semicircular canals

Flag this question

Question 66 of 573

Number: 278

Question:

Question:The vestibular apparatus 1. reacts to vibrations of the cochlea 2. gives the impression of hearing

3. reacts to pressure changes in the middle ear

4. reacts to linear/angular acceleration and gravity

Flag this question

Question 67 of 573

Number: 280

Question:

Question:Which of the following components belong to the middle ear? 1. Endolymph

2. Semicircular canals 3. Otoliths

4. Ossicles

Flag this question

Question 68 of 573

Number: 281

Question:

Question:Through which part of the ear does the equalization of pressure take place, when altitude is changed?

2. External auditory canal 3. Cochlea

4. Tympanic membrane

Flag this question

Question 69 of 573

Number: 283

Question:

Question:Concerning the effects of drugs and pilot´s performance

1. the primary and the side effects have to be considered

2. only the primary effect has to be considered; side effects are negligible 3. the side effects only have to be considered

4. medication has no influence on pilot´s performance

Flag this question

Question 70 of 573

Number: 289

Question:

Question:What is understood by air-sickness?

1. An illness caused by evaporation of gases in the blood 2. An illness caused by reduced air pressure

3. An illness caused by an infection of the middle ear

4. A sensory conflict within the vestibular system accompanied by nausea and vomiting

Flag this question

Question 71 of 573

Number: 410

Question:

Question:The "Seat-of-the-Pants-Sense"

1. is a natural human instinct which will always indicate the correct body position in space 2. can be used as a reference for determining attitude when operating in visual and instrument

meteorological conditions

3. can be used, if trained, to avoid disorientation in space

4. can give false inputs to body orientation when visual reference is lost

Flag this question

Question 72 of 573

Number: 411

Question:

Question:Illuminated anti-collision lights in IMC 1. will improve the pilots depth perception

3. will effect the pilots binocular vision 4. can cause colour-illusions

Flag this question

Question 73 of 573

Number: 412

Question:

Question:A shining light is fading out (i. e. when flying into fog, dust or haze). What kind of illusion could the pilot get?

1. The source of light stands still

2. The source of light is approaching him with increasing speed 3. The light source will make the pilot believe, that he is climbing

4. The source of light moves away from him

Flag this question

Question 74 of 573

Number: 414

Question:

Question:Autokinesis is

1. the change in diameter of the pupil, when looking in the dark 2. the phenomenon of spinning lights after the abuse of alcohol

3. the automatic adjustment of the crystalline lens to objects situated at different distances

4. the apparent movement of a static single light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in

the dark

Flag this question

Question 75 of 573

Number: 415

Question:

Question:A pilot is used to land on small and narrow runways only. Approaching a larger and wider runway can lead to:

1. a flatter than normal approach with the risk of "ducking under" 2. a steeper than normal approach dropping low

3. the risk to land short of the overrun

4. an early or high "round out"

Flag this question

Question 76 of 573

Number: 416

Question:

Question:The impression of an apparent movement of light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark is called

1. "oculografic illusion" 2. "white out" 3. "oculogyral illusion"

4. "autokinesis"

Flag this question

Question 77 of 573

Number: 417

Question:

Question:Generally, the time required for dark adaptation is: 1. 10 min

2. 1/10 sec

3. 30 min 4. 10 sec

Flag this question

Question 78 of 573

Number: 418

Question:

Question:Which problem may occur, when flying in an environment of low contrast (fog, snow, darkness, haze)? Under these conditions it is:

1. impossible to detect objects 2. unlikely that visual illusions occur

3. no problem to estimate the correct speed and size of approaching objects

4. difficult to estimate the correct speed and size of approaching objects

Flag this question

Question 79 of 573

Number: 619

Question:

Question:Which of the following symptoms can mark the onset of hyperventilation? 1. Cyanosis (blueing of lips and finger nails)

2. Dizzy feeling 3. Slow rate of breathing 4. Slow heart beat

Flag this question

Question 80 of 573

Number: 620

Question:

Question:Out of the list of possible measures to counteract hyperventilation, the most effective measure is:

1. breathe into a plastic or paper bag

3. avoid strenuous flight manoeuvres 4. hold breath

Flag this question

Question 81 of 573

Number: 621

Question:

Question:What event can cause a hyperventilation (not required by physical need)? 1. Pressure breathing. 2. Anxiety or fear. 3. Overstress. 4. Strong pain. 5. Jogging.

1. 1,2,3 and 4 are correct, 5 is false 2. 1and 5 are both false

3. 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct 4. Only 2 and 3 are correct

Flag this question

Question 82 of 573

Number: 622

Question:

Question:Which of the following could a pilot experience when he is hyperventilating? 1. Dizziness 2. Muscular spasms 3. Visual disturbances 4. Cyanosis

1. 2 and 4 are false

2. 1 is false, all others are correct

3. 1,2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false 4. 1,2 and 4 are correct, 3 is false

Flag this question

Question 83 of 573

Number: 624

Question:

Question:What could cause hyperventilation ? 1. Fatigue

2. Fear, anxiety and distress 3. Abuse of alcohol

4. Extreme low rate of breathing

Flag this question

Question 84 of 573

Number: 625

Question:

Question:A pilot who is hyperventilating for a prolonged period of time may even become unconscious. Hyperventilation is likely to occur, when:

1. he/she is flying a tight turn

3. the pilot is emotionally aroused 4. there is a low CO-pressure in the blood

Flag this question

Question 85 of 573

Number: 630

Question:

Question:Breathing pure oxygen (without pressure) will be sufficient up to an altitude of: 1. 45000 FT

2. 40000 FT 3. 80000 FT 4. 60000 FT

Flag this question

Question 86 of 573

Number: 631

Question:

Question:TUC (Time of Useful Consciousness) is:

1. the length of time during which an individual can act with both mental and physical efficiency;

measured from the moment at which he/she is exposed to hypoxia 2. the time before becoming unconscious at a sudden pressure loss 3. the time between the start of hypoxia and death

4. the time after pressure loss until decompression sickness sets in

Flag this question

Question 87 of 573

Number: 632

Question:

Question:The "Effective Performance Time" or "Time of Useful Consciousness" after a decompression at 35 000 ft is:

1. between 30 and 60 seconds 2. approximately 5 minutes 3. less than 20 seconds 4. approximately 3 minutes

Flag this question

Question 88 of 573

Number: 633

Question:

Question:The time between inadequate oxygen supply and incapacitation is called TUC (Time of Useful Consciousness). It

2. is not dependent on physical or psychological pressure 3. is the same amount of time for every person

4. varies individually and depends on cabin pressure altitude

Flag this question

Question 89 of 573

Number: 634

Question:

Question:After a decompression to 43 000 FT the TUC (Time of Useful Consciousness) will be approximately:_{1. 60-90 seconds}

2. 30-45 seconds

3. 5-15 seconds 4. 45-60 seconds

Flag this question

Question 90 of 573

Number: 635

Question:

Question:Flights immediately after SCUBA-diving (compressed gas mixtures, bottles) (>10 m depth) 1. should be avoided because hypoxia may develop

2. are allowed if you fly no higher than 38000 FT

3. are forbidden

4. can be performed without any danger

Flag this question

Question 91 of 573

Number: 636

Question:

Question:Pain in the Joints ("bends") is a symptom of: 1. air-sickness

2. barotrauma 3. hypoxia

4. decompression sickness

Flag this question

Question 92 of 573

Number: 638

Question:

Question:You suffered a rapid decompression without the appearance of any decompression sickness symptoms. What should you do before flying ?

1. seek prompt aeromedical advice

2. seek aeromedical advice only if the symptoms become apparent 3. nothing, you may fly immediately

4. delay your next flight for 6 hours

Flag this question

Question 93 of 573

Number: 639

Question:

Question: Flying immediately following a dive with SCUBA diving equipment (> 10 m depth) is forbidden because it:

1. will always lead to hypoxia 2. has no influence on altitude flights

3. prevents any dangers caused by DCS (decompression sickness) when climbing to altitudes not exceeding 30 000 FT

4. can cause decompression sickness even when flying at pressure altitudes below 18 000 FT

Flag this question

Question 94 of 573

Number: 642

Question:

Question:Symptoms of deco mpression sickness 1. are flatulence and pain in the middle ear 2. are only relevant when diving

3. can only develop at altitudes of more than 40000 FT

4. are bends, chokes, creeps and neurological symptoms

Flag this question

Question 95 of 573

Number: 643

Question:

Question:Decompression sickness symptoms may develop due to

1. cabin pressure loss when flying at higher altitudes (above 18000 FT) 2. emergency descents without cabin pressure loss

3. fast flights from a high-pressure zone into a low pressure area when flying an unpressurised aeroplane 4. sudden pressure surges in the cabin at altitudes below 18000 FT

Flag this question

Question 96 of 573

Number: 644

Question:

1. sinuses of the nose and the external atmosphere 2. nose, throat and the external atmosphere 3. sinuses

4. middle ear and the external atmosphere

Flag this question

Question 97 of 573

Number: 645

Question:

Question: Disruptions of pressure equalization in air-filled cavities of the head (nose, ear etc.) are called:_{1. hypoxia} 2. embolism

3. hyperventilation

4. barotrauma

Flag this question

Question 98 of 573

Number: 646

Question:

Question:Barotrauma caused by gas accumulation in the stomach and intestines can lead to: 1. barosinusitis

2. decompression sickness 3. barotitis

4. pressure pain or flatulence

Flag this question

Question 99 of 573

Number: 647

Question:

Question:What counter-measure can be used against barotrauma of the middle ear? 1. Stop climbing, start descent

2. Pilots should apply anti-cold remedies prior every flight to prevent barotrauma in the middle ear 3. Increase rate of descent

4. Close the mouth, pinch the nose tight and blow out thereby increasing the pressure in the mouth and

throat. At the same time try to swallow or move lower jaw

Flag this question

Question 100 of 573

Number: 652

Question:

1. is to be expected during rapid decompressions, but an emergency descent immediately following the decompression will eliminate the problem

2. is more likely, when the pilot is flying with a respiratory infection and during descent 3. is only caused by large pressure changes during climb

4. causes severe pain in the sinuses

Flag this question

Question 101 of 573

Number: 653

Question:

Question:Trapped intestinal gases can cause severe pain. When is this the case?

1. More frequent when flying above 18 000 FT in a non-pressurized aircraft. 2. Only in pressurized aircraft when flying at higher flight levels.

3. During descent as well as during climb, when the cabin pressure altitude is exceeding 2 000 FT 4. At lower altitudes.

Flag this question

Question 102 of 573

Number: 655

Question:

Question:Barotrauma of the middle ear most likely will occur 1. when climbing

2. in sudden steep turns

3. during a long high altitude flight

4. when descending rapidly

Flag this question

Question 103 of 573

Number: 656

Question:

Question:Barotrauma of the middle ear is usually accompanied by

1. a reduction in hearing ability and the feeling of increasing pressure 2. pain in the joints

3. dizziness 4. noises in the ear

Flag this question

Question 104 of 573

Number: 657

Question:

Question:The risk of barotrauma of the middle ear is more likely to occur 1. with colds and slow ascents

2. with colds and rapid descents

3. when subjected to the Somatogravic Effect 4. with colds and fast climbs

Flag this question

Question 105 of 573

Number: 658

Question:

Question:The Seat-of-the-Pants Sense involves receptors in the 1. utriculus and sacculus

2. skin only

3. muscles, tendons and joints sensitive to the position and movement of body parts 4. semicircular canals

Flag this question

Question 106 of 573

Number: 659

Question:

Question:Equalization of pressure is limited between the middle ear and the ambient, when: 1. barotrauma exists in the sinuses

2. the eustachian tube is blocked 3. you breath through the mouth 4. the nose is pinched

Flag this question

Question 107 of 573

Number: 660

Question:

Question:A barotrauma of the middle ear is:

1. an acute or chronic trauma to the middle ear caused by a difference of pressure on either side of the

eardrum

2. a dilatation of the Eustachian tube

3. an infection of the middle ear caused by rapid decompression 4. a bacterial infection of the middle ear

Flag this question

Question 108 of 573

Number: 661

Question:

Question:A pilot approaching an upsloping runway 1. establishes a higher than normal approach speed

3. is performing a steeper than normal approach, landing long

4. may feel that he is higher than actual. This illusion may cause him to land short.

Flag this question

Question 109 of 573

Number: 664

Question:

Question:What illusion may occur if an aircraft is flying into fog, snow or haze? 1. Objects will appear closer than they really are

2. Objects seem to move slower than in reality 3. Objects will appear bigger in size than in reality

4. Objects seem to be farther away than in reality

Flag this question

Question 110 of 573

Number: 666

Question:

Question:Adaptation is

1. the adjustment of the crystalline lens to focus light on the retina 2. the change of the diameter of the pupil

3. the reflection of the light at the cornea

4. the adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination

Flag this question

Question 111 of 573

Number: 667

Question:

Question:The time required for complete adaptation is

1. for high levels of illumination 10 minutes and for low levels of illumination 30 minutes 2. for day and night: 30 min

3. for night 10 sec and for day 30 min

4. for high levels of illumination 10 sec and for full dark adaptation 30 min Flag this question

Question 112 of 573

Number: 668

Question:

Question:The requirement of good sunglasses is to 1. fit to the pilots individual taste

2. increase the time for dark adaptation 3. eliminate distortion in aircraft windshields

4. absorb enough visible light to eliminate glare without decreasing visual acuity

Flag this question

Question 113 of 573

Number: 670

Question:

Question:Scanning at night should be performed by:

1. concentrated fixation on an object (image must fall on the fovea)

2. slight eye movements to the side of the object 3. avoiding food containing Vitamin A

4. scanning with one eye open

Flag this question

Question 114 of 573

Number: 672

Question:

Question:A pilot accustomed to landing on a wide runway may find, when approaching to a narrow runway, that he/she is at a:

1. lower height and the impression of landing slow

2. greater height than he actually is with the tendency to land short 3. lower than actual height with the tendency to overshoot 4. greater height and the impression of landing short

Flag this question

Question 115 of 573

Number: 673

Question:

Question:Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades

1. can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea 2. has no effect

3. should be avoided, because it may destroy the optic nerve 4. can be avoided when the strobe-lights are switched on

Flag this question

Question 116 of 573

Number: 674

Question:

Question:Alcohol, even when taken in minor quantities

1. may improve the mental functions, so that the symptoms of hypoxia are much better to be identified

3. will have no effect at all

4. will stimulate the brain, making the pilot resistant to hypoxia

Flag this question

Question 117 of 573

Number: 675

Question:

Question:A pilot approaching a runway which is narrower than normal may feel he is at a greater height than he actually is. To compensate he may fly a

1. compensatory glide path and land long

2. flatter than normal approach with the tendency to undershoot 3. higher than normal approach with the tendency to overshoot 4. compensatory glide path and stall out

Flag this question

Question 118 of 573

Number: 676

Question:

Question:The proprioceptive senses ("Seat-of-the-Pants-Sense") 1. can neither be used for motor coordination in IMC and VMC 2. is a natural human instinct, always indicating the correct attitude

3. may give incorrect information, when outside visual reference is lost 4. can be used, if trained, to avoid spatial disorientation in IMC

Flag this question

Question 119 of 573

Number: 677

Question:

Question:When assessing an individual's risk of developing coronary artery disease, the following factors may contribute: 1.obesity 2.chronic stress 3.smoking 4.family history

1. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 2. 1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false 3. 2 and 3 are correct, 1 and 4 are false 4. Only 3 is correct, 1, 2 and 4 are false

Flag this question

Question 120 of 573

Number: 681

Question:

Question:Hypoxia can affect night vision 1. and causes the Coriolis Effect

3. less than day vision

4. and causes the autokinetic phenomena

Flag this question

Question 121 of 573

Number: 684

Question:

Question:The metabolisation of alcohol

1. can be influenced by easily obtained medication 2. can be accelerated even more by coffee 3. is accelerated by consuming alcohol with a meal

4. is a question of time

Flag this question

Question 122 of 573

Number: 685

Question:

Question:What does not impair the function of the photosensitive cells? 1. Toxic influence (alcohol, nicotine, medication)

2. Oxygen deficiency 3. Acceleration

4. High speed

Flag this question

Question 123 of 573

Number: 686

Question:

Question:The fovea is

1. the area of the blind spot (optic disc)

2. the area of best day vision and no night vision at all 3. the area of best day vision and best night vision 4. where the optic nerves come together with the pupil

Flag this question

Question 124 of 573

Number: 689

Question:

Question:The retina of the eye

1. is the light-sensitive inner lining of the eye containing the photoreceptors essential for vision

2. only regulates the light that falls into the eye 3. is the muscle, changing the size of the crystalline lens 4. filters the UV-light

Flag this question

Question 125 of 573

Number: 690

Question:

Question:The Eustachian tube is the passage way between the 1. sinuses and the throat

2. nose, throat and the external auditory canal 3. nose, throat and inner ear

4. throat and the middle ear

Flag this question

Question 126 of 573

Number: 691

Question:

Question:Which force(s) affect(s) the otoliths in the utriculus and sacculus? 1. Gravity alone

2. Angular acceleration

3. Linear acceleration and angular acceleration

4. Gravity and linear acceleration

Flag this question

Question 127 of 573

Number: 693

Question:

Question:Flying a coordinated level turn will

1. first give the impression of climb , then the impression of descent

2. make the body`s pressure receptors feel an increased pressure along the body`s vertical axis

3. make the seat-of-the-pants sense feel a decreased pressure along the body`s vertical axis 4. make the blood being pooled in the head

Flag this question

Question 128 of 573

Number: 695

Question:

Question:Which sensations does a pilot get, when he is rolling out of a prolonged level turn? 1. Flying straight and level

2. Climbing

3. Turning into the srcinal direction

Flag this question

Question 129 of 573

Number: 697

Question:

Question:How can a pilot overcome vertigo, encountered during a real or simulated instrument flight? 1. Establish and maintain an effective instrument cross-check. 2. Always believe the instruments; never trust your sense of feeling. 3. Ignore arising illusions. 4. Move the head sidewards and back and forth to "shake-off" illusions.

1. 1and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false 2. Only 4 is correct

3. 1, 2 and 3 are correct 4. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

Flag this question

Question 130 of 573

Number: 1128

Question:

Question:A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctor´s prescription. In relation to using these preparations, which of the following is correct:

1. They have no side effects which would give problems to a pilot during flight 2. They will cause a condition of over-arousal

3. The side effects of these types of preparations are sufficiently negligible as to be ignored by pilots 4. A pilot using any of these preparations should get professional advice from an aviation medical

specialist if he intends to fly and self-medicate at the same time

Flag this question

Question 131 of 573

Number: 1129

Question:

Question:The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. This is:

1. Dalton´s law 2. Graham´s law 3. Boyle Mariotte´s law 4. Henry`s law

Flag this question

Question 132 of 573

Number: 1130

Question:

Question:The cabin pressure in airline operation is 1. normally between 2 000 to 3 000 feet

3. always equivalent to sea level 4. normally between 4 000 to 5 000 feet

Flag this question

Question 133 of 573

Number: 1143

Question:

Question:Carbon monoxide is always present in the exhaust gases of engines. If a pilot is exposed to carbon monoxide, which of the following responses is correct?

1. When exposed to carbon monoxide for a long period of time, the body will adapt to it and no adverse physical effects are experienced

2. Carbon monoxide can only affect pilots if they are exposed to it for a long period of time.

3. A short exposure to relatively high concentrations of carbon monoxide can seriously affect a pilot´s

ability to operate an aircraft.

4. Carbon monoxide is easily recognised by odour and taste.

Flag this question

Question 134 of 573

Number: 1298

Question:

Question:When stopping the rotation of a spin we have the sensation 1. of the immediate stabilization of the aircraft

2. of turning in the same direction

3. that we are starting a spin in the opposite direction 4. of the sharp dipping of the nose of the aircraft

Flag this question

Question 135 of 573

Number: 1299

Question:

Question:When accelerating in level flight we could experience the sensation of a 1. descent

2. spin

3. climb 4. turn

Flag this question

Question 136 of 573

Number: 1300

Question:

Question:Any prolonged exposure to noise in excess of 90 db can result in:

2. a ruptured ear drum 3. presbycusis (effects of aging) 4. conductive hearing loss

Flag this question

Question 137 of 573

Number: 1302

Question:

Question:The human ear is capable of perceiving vibrations between the frequencies

1. 20 - 20000 Hz 2. 30 - 15000 dB 3. 20000 - 40000 Hz 4. 0 - 16 Hz

Flag this question

Question 138 of 573

Number: 1303

Question:

Question:The intensity of a sound is measured in

1. decibels 2. hertz 3. curies

4. cycles per second

Flag this question

Question 139 of 573

Number: 1304

Question:

Question:The ozone-layer is situated in the 1. troposphere

2. ionosphere

3. stratosphere 4. thermosphere

Flag this question

Question 140 of 573

Number: 1307

Question:

Question:The barometric pressure has dropped to 1/2 of the pressure at sea level at 1. 10 000 feet

2. 30 000 feet

4. 25 000 feet

Flag this question

Question 141 of 573

Number: 1308

Question:

Question:Which of the following laws explains bubbles of nitrogen coming out of solution in body tissues due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure?

1. Boyle´s law 2. Dalton´s law

3. Henry´s law 4. Gay Lussac´s law

Flag this question

Question 142 of 573

Number: 1309

Question:

Question:The normal rate of breathing when at rest is 1. 32 to 40 cycles a minute

2. 60 to 100 cycles a minute 3. 25 to 30 cycles a minute

4. 12 to 20 cycles a minute

Flag this question

Question 143 of 573

Number: 1310

Question:

Question:The main function of the red blood cells is 1. the cellular defence of the body

2. to participate in the process of coagulation of the blood 3. to contribute to the immune response of the body

4. to transport oxygen

Flag this question

Question 144 of 573

Number: 1311

Question:

Question:Altitude-hypoxia, when breathing ambient air, should not usually occur (indifferent phase)

1. below 3 000 m 2. up to 5 000 m

3. between 5 000 m and 7 000 m 4. between 3 000 m and 5 000 m

Flag this question

Question 145 of 573

Number: 1312

Question:

Question:"The Bends" as a symptom of decompression sickness consists of: 1. loss of peripheral vision

2. pain in the joints

3. pain in the thorax and a cough 4. CNS-disturbances

Flag this question

Question 146 of 573

Number: 2943

Question:

Question:What are the main effects of a lack of sleep on performance?

1. It increases fatigue, reduces concentration and increases the risk of sensory illusions

2. It increases fatigue and concentration difficulties, but facilitates stress management by muscular relaxation

3. It reduces concentration and fatigue only with sleep loss greater than 48 hours 4. It causes muscular spasms

Flag this question

Question 147 of 573

Number: 2987

Question:

Question:Which of the following statements are correct ? -1: Modern aircraft allow for 50 - 60% relative humidity in the cabin air under any conditions of flight, which is satisfactory for the body -2: Thirst is a belated symptom of dehydration -3: Dehydration may lead to clinical manifestations such as dizziness and

fatigue -4: Drinking excessive quantities of water must be avoided since resistance to periods of low hydration will otherwise be lost

1. 2,3 2. 1,2,4 3. 1,4 4. 2,3,4

Flag this question

Question 148 of 573

Number: 2989

Question:

Question:With regard to central vision, which of the following statements are correct ? -1: It is due to the functioning of rods -2: It enables details, colours and movement to be seen -3: Its very active both during the day and at night -4: It represents a zone where about 150.000 cones per mm are located to give high resolution capacity

2. 2,4 3. 1,3 4. 2,3,4

Flag this question

Question 149 of 573

Number: 2990

Question:

Question:Which of the following statements concerning information is correct ?

1. 70% of information processed by man enters via the visual channel 2. 40% of information processed by man enters via the visual channel 3. The kinesthetic channel provides the most important information for flying 4. Hearing is the sense which collects most information in man

Flag this question

Question 150 of 573

Number: 2991

Question:

Question:What is the procedure above 10.000 ft altitude when faced with explosive decompression?

1. Don an oxygen mask and descend to below 10,000 ft 2. First inform ATC

3. Check the cabin altitude, don an oxygen mask and maintain level flight 4. Descend to below 10,000 ft and signal an emergency

Flag this question

Question 151 of 573

Number: 2992

Question:

Question:What is the approximate Time of Useful Consciousness for a seated pilot following a rapid decompression at 35,000 ft ?

1. 12 seconds 2. 5 minutes 3. 3 seconds

4. 45 seconds

Flag this question

Question 152 of 573

Number: 2993

Question:

1. The length of time during which an individual can act with both mental and physical efficiency,

measured from the moment at which he/she loses his/her available oxygen supply 2. The time taken to become aware of hypoxia due to gradual decompression

3. The period of time between the start of hypoxia and the moment that the pilot becomes aware of it 4. The pilot's reaction time when faced with hypoxia

Flag this question

Question 153 of 573

Number: 2995

Question:

Question:Which is the procedure to be followed when symptoms of decompression sickness occur? 1. Only the prompt supply of oxygen is necessary

2. Descend to the lowest possible level and wait for the symptoms to disappear before climbing again 3. Only medical treatment is of use

4. Descend to the lowest possible level and land as soon as possible

Flag this question

Question 154 of 573

Number: 2996

Question:

Question:What is decompression sickness?

1. The formation of air bubbles in bodily tissues, with no consequences for people's capabilities 2. A frequent disorder in commercial aviation due to the pressurisation curve of modern aircraft 3. A condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin

pressure loss at high altitude

4. A disorder which is solely encountered below 18,000 ft

Flag this question

Question 155 of 573

Number: 2998

Question:

Question:Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is caused by: 1. reduced mobility of the ossicles

2. damage to the sensitive membrane in the cochlea due to overexposure to noise 3. a blocked Eustachian tube

4. pressure differences on both sides of the eardrum

Flag this question

Question 156 of 573

Number: 2999

Question:

1. the sensitive membrane in the cochlea 2. the semi circular canals

3. the eardrum 4. the ossicles

Flag this question

Question 157 of 573

Number: 3000

Question:

Question: The inner ear is able to perceive: 1. angular acceleration 2. linear acceleration 3. noise_{1. 2 and 3 are correct, 1 is false} 2. 2 is correct, 1 and 3 are both false

3. 1 and 2 and 3 are correct 4. 1 and 2 are correct, 3 is false

Flag this question

Question 158 of 573

Number: 3001

Question:

Question:Angular accelerations are perceived by: 1. the cochlea

2. the receptors in the skin and the joints 3. the otholiths

4. the semi circular canals

Flag this question

Question 159 of 573

Number: 3002

Question:

Question:The otoliths in the inner ear are sensitive to: 1. angular acceleration

2. linear acceleration and gravity 3. constant speed only

4. angular speed

Flag this question

Question 160 of 573

Number: 3003

Question:

1. 1, 2 and 4 are correct 2. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 3. 2, 3 and 4 are correct 4. 1, 2 and 3 are correct

Flag this question

Question 161 of 573

Number: 3004

Question:

Question: Disorientation is more likely to occur when the pilot is: 1. flying in IMC 2. frequently changing between inside and outside references 3. flying from IMC into VMC 4. approaching over still water at night

1. 1, 2 and 3 are correct 2. 2, 3 and 4 are correct 3. 1, 3 and 4 are correct

4. 1, 2 and 4 are correct

Flag this question

Question 162 of 573

Number: 3005

Question:

Question:Positive linear acceleration when flying in IMC may cause a false sensation of: 1. pitching down

2. pitching up 3. vertigo

4. apparent sideward movement of objects in the field of vision

Flag this question

Question 163 of 573

Number: 3006

Question:

Question:Linear acceleration when flying straight and level in IMC may give the illusion of: 1. yawing

2. spinning 3. descending

4. climbing

Flag this question

Question 164 of 573

Number: 2468

Question:

Question:Incapacitation is most dangerous when it is : 1. intense

2. sudden 3. obvious

4. insidious

Flag this question

Question 165 of 573

Number: 2298

Question:

Question:Hyperventilation is due to an excessive rate of breathing and can produce the following symptoms:_{1. reduced heart rate and increase in visual acuity}

2. blue finger-nails and lips

3. dizziness, tingling sensation in the fingers and toes, nausea and blurred vision 4. a state of overconfidence and reduced heart rate

Flag this question

Question 166 of 573

Number: 2299

Question:

Question:In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving, subsequent flights should be delayed

1. 3 hours after non decompression diving

2. 48 hours after a continuous ascent in the water has been made 3. 36 hours after any scuba diving

4. 24 hours

Flag this question

Question 167 of 573

Number: 2300

Question:

Question:During flight in IMC, the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions is the: 1. visual sense by looking outside

2. vestibular sense

3. visual sense, interpreting the attitude indicator 4. "Seat-of-the-pants-Sense"

Flag this question

Question 168 of 573

Number: 2301

Question:

1. if the brain receives conflicting information and the pilot does not believe the instruments 2. when flying in and out of clouds and the pilot maintains good instrument cross check 3. when flying in bright sunlight above a cloud layer

4. when flying in light rain below the ceiling

Flag this question

Question 169 of 573

Number: 2302

Question:

Question: The chemical substance responsible for addiction to tobacco is

1. nicotine

2. the combination of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide 3. tar

4. carbon monoxide

Flag this question

Question 170 of 573

Number: 2303

Question:

Question:It is inadvisable to fly when suffering from a cold. The reason for this is:

1. although the change in air pressure during a climb at lower altitudes is very small, it increases rapidly at high altitudes. If the tissue in the Eustachian tube of the ear is swollen, gentle descents at high altitude would result in damage to the ear drum

2. swollen tissue in the inner ear will increase the rate of metabolic production resulting in hyperventilation

3. because it will seriously affect peripheral vision

4. the tissue around the nasal end of the Eustachian tube is likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising the pressure within the middle ear and the nasal/throat area. Pain and damage to the

eardrum can result, particularly during fast descents

Flag this question

Question 171 of 573

Number: 10116

Question:

Question: During hyperventilation 1. alkalinity level of the blood is reduced

2. nitrogen concentration of the blood is above normal

3. acidity level of the blood is reduced

4. oxygen concentration of the blood is below normal

Question 172 of 573

Number: 10117

Question:

Question:What is meant by presbycusis? 1. Gradual onset of long-sightedness with age. 2. Total loss of hearing in both ears due to disease.

3. Gradual loss of hearing with age.

4. Total loss of hearing in one ear due to use of a headset in the cockpit.

Flag this question

Question 173 of 573

Number: 10118

Question:

Question:On experiencing a vestibular illusion in straight and level flight, it is recommended that:

1. you avoid head movements and rely on your instruments

2. you close your eyes for a moment so that the oculo-vestibular conflict disappears

3. you rely on your sensations only, as humans are much more reliable than flight instruments 4. you tilt your head to the side opposite to the turn to nullify the stimulus causing the illusion

Flag this question

Question 174 of 573

Number: 10119

Question:

Question:Among the symptoms of hypoglycaemia are: 1. Difficulty in focussing on near-by objects

2. Severe eye and head aches

3. Headache and lack of concentration 4. Double vision and puffiness around the eyes

Flag this question

Question 175 of 573

Number: 10120

Question:

Question:To prevent gastro-intestinal problems in tropical climates you should: 1. not eat salad or raw vegetables 2. always peel fruit 3. only eat food that has been properly cooked 4. avoid ice-cream Which of the following lists all the correct answers?

1. 2 and 4 2. 1, 2 and 3 3. 1 and 2

4. 1, 2, 3 and 4