Marine Corps Common Skills Handbook Mccs1b

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MARINE

CORPS

COMMON

SKILLS

HANDBOOK

BOOK 1B

ALL MARINES

INDIVIDUAL

TRAINING

STANDARDS

MAY 2001

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MARINE CORPS COMMON SKILLS (MCCS) HANDBOOK

BOOK 1B ALL MARINES

INDIVIDUAL TRAINING STANDARDS

NOTE: Marine Corps Common Skills Handbooks 1A and 1B must be ordered through the Marine Corps Publication

Distribution System (MCPDS) Albany, Georgia. Units that do not possess on line ordering must gain access to a unit with MCPDS capability. Marine Corps Logistics Base, Albany, GA does not possess the administrative support necessary to process written requests.

Books 1A and 1B annual sustainment training is for PVT-GYSGT, WO1-CWO2, and 2nd LT-CAPT. REVISED

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MARINE CORPS COMMON SKILLS (MCCS) HANDBOOK

FOREWORD

1. MCCS Books 1A and 1B, Individual Training Standards, are published based on MCO 1510.89A, the Individual Training Standard (ITS) System for Marine Corps Common Skills.

2. MCCS Books 1A and 1B are for all Marines. However, the annual sustainment training for MCCS Books 1A and 1B is for PVT-GYSGT, WO1-CWO2, and 2nd LT-CAPT.

3. Following each ITS, you will find a box containing the words EVALUATION GUIDELINES TO BE USED DURING TRAINING. The purpose of this box is to provide the Marine with information regarding what is expected of him or her during evaluation of the ITS. It also provides the trainer/evaluator with expanded conditions, standards, and notes to help train the Marine and assess individual proficiency. When administrative notes are included, they explain, orient, and provide additional task-specific information.

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MARINE CORPS COMMON SKILLS (MCCS) HANDBOOK BOOK 1B ALL MARINES

INDIVIDUAL TRAINING STANDARDS TABLE OF CONTENTS

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FOREWORD i TASK

DUTY AREA 11 – INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS

MCCS.11.01 PERFORM WEAPONS HANDLING PROCEDURES WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-1 MCCS.11.02 MAINTAIN THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-9 MCCS.11.03 ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE AT THE SUSTAINED RATE 1-11-33 MCCS.11.04 ZERO THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-41 MCCS.11.05 ENGAGE STATIONARY TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE AT KNOWN

DISTANCES 1-11-53 MCCS.11.06 ENGAGE TARGETS OF LIMITED EXPOSURE (TIME) WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-57 MCCS.11.07 ENGAGE TARGETS DURING LOW LIGHT AND DARKNESS WITH THE M16A12 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-67 MCCS.11.08 ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE WHILE WEARING THE FIELD

PROTECTIVE MASK 1-11-77 MCCS.11.09 ENGAGE MULTIPLE TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-91 MCCS.11.10 ENGAGE MOVING TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-101 MCCS.11.11 ENGAGE TARGETS AT UNKNOWN DISTANCES WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE 1-11-113 MCCS.11.12 PERFORM WEAPONS HANDLING FOR THE M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER 1-11-125 MCCS.11.13 MAINTAIN THE M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER 1-11-131 MCCS.11.14 ZERO THE M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER WITH THE LEAF SIGHT 1-11-141 MCCS.11.15 ENGAGE TARGETS WITH M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER WITH THE LEAF SIGHT 1-11-147 MCCS.11.16 PERFORM WEAPONS HANDLING WITH THE M249 SAW 1-11-153 MCCS.11.17 MAINTAIN THE M249 SAW 1-11-159 MCCS.11.18 ZERO THE M249 SAW AT 10 METERS 1-11-181 MCCS.11.19 ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M249 SAW 1-11-187

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DUTY AREA 12 – CREW-SERVED WEAPONS

MCCS.12.01 IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINEGUNS 1-12-1

DUTY AREA 13 – SCOUTING AND PATROLLING

MCCS.13.01 PERFORM UNAIDED DAY AND NIGHT OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES 1-13-1 MCCS.13.02 IDENTIFY TYPES OF THREAT WEAPONS 1-13-5 MCCS.13.03 REPORT INFORMATION 1-13-11 MCCS.13.04 PREPARE FOR A PATROL 1-13-15 MCCS.13.05 PASS THROUGH LINES 1-13-19 MCCS.13.06 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS IN A SECURITY PATROL 1-13-23 MCCS.13.07 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL PRECAUTIONS WHILE CROSSING A DANGER AREA 1-13-25 MCCS.13.08 PERFORM IMMEDIATE ACTIONS UPON CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY 1-13-27

DUTY AREA 14 – TACTICAL MEASURES, OFFENSIVE

MCCS.14.01 COMMUNICATE USING HAND AND ARM SIGNALS 1-14-1 MCCS.14.02 EXECUTE INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS IN SQUAD FORMATIONS 1-14-9 MCCS.14.03 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL ACTONS DURING SQUAD FIRE AND MOVEMENT 1-14-15

DUTY AREA 15 – TACTICAL MEASURES, DEFENSIVE

MCCS.15.01 CONSTRUCT A FIGHTING POSITION 1-15-1 MCCS.15.02 PREPARE A FIRE TEAM FIRE PLAN SKETCH 1-15-7 MCCS.15.03 DEFEND A POSITION 1-15-15

DUTY AREA 16 – MUNITIONS

MCCS.16.01 THROW AN M67 FRAGMENTATION GRENADE 1-16-1 MCCS.16.02 ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE AT-4 1-16-5 MCCS.16.03 EMPLOY THE M18A1 CLAYMORE MINE 1-16-13 MCCS.16.04 EMPLOY GROUND PYROTECHNICS 1-16-21

DUTY AREA 17 – COMBAT CONDITIONING AND CONTINUING ACTIONS

MCCS.17.01 MARCH UNDER AN EXISTENCE LOAD 1-17-1 MCCS.17.02 PREPARE INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT 1-17-9 MCCS.17.03 CAMOUFLAGE SELF AND EQUIPMENT 1-17-17 MCCS.17.04 CONSTRUCT FIELD SHELTERS 1-17-21 MCCS.17.05 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL FIELD HYGIENE 1-17-27 MCCS.17.06 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT 1-17-33

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MCCS.17.07 PERFORM INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT 1-17-37 MCCS.17.08 PERFORM ENEMY PRISONER OF WAR (EPW) HANDLING 1-17-41 MCCS.17.09 REACT TO INDIRECT FIRE 1-17-43

DUTY AREA 18 – LAND NAVIGATION

MCCS.18.01 PERFORM COMPASS HANDLING PROCEDURES 1-18-1 MCCS.18.02 PERFORM LAND NAVIGATION USING A COMPASS 1-18-3 MCCS.18.03 PERFORM BASIC MAP READING 1-18-7 MCCS.18.04 PERFORM LAND NAVIGATION WITH A MAP AND COMPASS 1-18-27

DUTY AREA 19 – COMMUNICATIONS

MCCS.19.01 COMMUNICATE USING FIELD PHONES 1-19-1 MCCS.19.02 COMMUNICATE USING AN AN/PRC-119 RADIO 1-19-5

DUTY AREA 20 – NBC DEFENSE

MCCS.20.01 IDENTIFY NATO NBC MARKERS 1-20-1 MCCS.20.02 MAINTAIN THE M40 FIELD PROTECTIVE MASK 1-20-5 MCCS.20.03 DON THE M40 FIELD PROTECTIVE MASK WITH HOOD 1-20-19 MCCS.20.04 DON INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO MOPP 4 1-20-27 MCCS.20.05 PERFORM BASIC FUNCTIONS WHILE IN MOPP 4 1-20-33 MCCS.20.06 PERFORM NBC DETECTION MEASURES 1-20-39 MCCS.20.07 DECONTAMINATE SKIN AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 1-20-49 MCCS.20.08 EXCHANGE MOPP GEAR 1-20-57 MCCS.20.09 REACT TO A NUCLEAR ATTACK 1-20-63 MCCS.20.10 REACT TO A CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL ATTACK 1-20-67 MCCS.20.11 TREAT A CHEMICAL AGENT CASUALTY 1-20-73 MCCS.20.12 COMPLY WITH DEPLETED URANIUM (DU) SAFETY PROCEDURES 1-20-85

DUTY AREA 21 – FIRST AID

MCCS.21.01 PERFORM THE FOUR BASIC LIFESAVING STEPS 1-21-1 MCCS.21.02 PERFORM TREATMENT FOR BURNS 1-21-15 MCCS.21.03 APPLY A PRESSURE DRESSING 1-21-19 MCCS.21.04 APPLY A SPLINT TO A FRACTURE 1-21-21 MCCS.21.05 APPLY A TOURNIQUET 1-21-25 MCCS.21.06 TREAT AN INSECT OR ANIMAL BITE 1-21-29

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MCCS.21.07 EVACUATE A CASUALTY 1-21-33 MCCS.21.08 TREAT A CLIMATIC INJURY 1-21-45

DUTY AREA 22 – PHYSICAL FITNESS

MCCS.22.01 MAINTAIN PHYSICAL FITNESS 1-22-1

DUTY AREA 23 – MARTIAL ARTS

MCCS.23.01 APPLY THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MARTIAL ARTS 1-23-1 MCCS.23.02 EXECUTE PUNCHES 1-23-3 MCCS.23.03 EXECUTE FALLS 1-23-7 MCCS.23.04 EXECUTE BAYONET TECHNIQUES 1-23-13 MCCS.23.05 EXECUTE PUGIL STICK BOUT 1-23-17 MCCS.23.06 EXECUTE UPPER BODY STRIKES 1-23-23 MCCS.23.07 EXECUTE LOWER BODY STRIKES 1-23-29 MCCS.23.08 EXECUTE CHOKES 1-23-33 MCCS.23.09 EXECUTE THROWS 1-23-35 MCCS.23.10 EXECUTE COUNTERS TO STRIKES 1-23-39 MCCS.23.11 EXECUTE COUNTERS TO CHOKES AND HOLDS 1-23-41 MCCS.23.12 EXECUTE UNARMED RESTRAINTS AND MANIPULATION 1-23-47 MCCS.23.13 EXECUTE ARMED MANIPULATION 1-23-51 MCCS.23.14 EXECUTE KNIFE TECHNIQUES 1-23-55 MCCS.23.15 IDENTIFY WEAPONS OF OPPORTUNITY 1-23-57 MCCS.23.16 EXPLAIN THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF FORCE 1-23-61

DUTY AREA 24 – COMBAT WATER SURVIVAL

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TASK: MCCS.11.01 (CORE) PERFORM WEAPONS HANDLING PROCEDURES WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE

CONDITION: GIVEN A M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE, 782-GEAR, AND DUMMY AMMUNITION.

STANDARD: TO ACHIEVE THE PERFORMANCE STEPS WITHOUT VIOLATING THE FOUR SAFTY RULES.

EVALUATION GUIDELINES TO BE USED DURING TRAINING:

Condition: Given a M16A2 service rifle, 782-gear, and dummy ammunition.

Standard: To achieve the performance steps without violating proper weapons safety procedures.

PERFORMANCE STEPS: 1. Handle the weapon safely.

a. Apply the following safety rules at all times to ensure that only the intended target is engaged. SAFETY RULES

1 Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.

2 Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot.

3 Keep your finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire.

4 Keep the weapon on safe until you intend to fire.

b. A weapon's readiness/safety is described by one of the four conditions. The steps in the loading and unloading process take the rifle through four specific conditions of readiness for live fire.

CONDITION CODES

1 Safety on, magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward, ejection port cover

closed.

2 Not applicable to the M16A2 rifle.

3 Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover

closed.

4 Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover

closed.

c. Weapon commands dictate the specific conditions required to load and unload the rifle. COMMANDS

Load Take the weapon from Condition 4 to Condition 3.

Make Ready Take the weapon from Condition 3 to Condition 1.

Fire Specify when a Marine may engage targets.

Cease Fire Specify when a Marine must stop target engagement. Unload Take the weapon from any condition to Condition 4. Unload

Show Clear

When a second individual must check the weapon to verify that no ammunition is present before the rifle is placed in Condition 4.

2. Clear the M16A2 service rifle.

a. Make sure the rifle is on safe. b. Remove the magazine. c. Lock the bolt to the rear.

d. Visually inspect the chamber to ensure there is no ammunition present.

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a. Filling the magazine with loose rounds.

(1) Remove a magazine from the magazine pouch.

(2) Place the bottom of the magazine on a solid foundation. (3) Place a round on top of the follower.

(4) Press down until the round is held between the follower and feed lips of the magazine.

(5) Repeat until the desired number of rounds is inserted. The recommended number of rounds per magazine is 28 or 29. Thirty rounds in the magazine may prohibit the magazine from seating properly on a closed bolt.

(6) Tap the back of the magazine to make sure the rounds are seated against the back of the magazine. b. Filling the magazine using a 10-round stripper clip and magazine filler.

(1) Remove a magazine from the magazine pouch. (2) Slide the magazine filler into place.

(3) Place a 10-round stripper clip into the narrow portion of the magazine filler. (4) Place the bottom of the magazine on a solid foundation.

(5) Using thumb pressure on the rear of the top cartridge, press down firmly until all 10 rounds are below the feed lips of the magazine.

(6) Remove the empty stripper clip while holding the magazine filler in place.

(7) Repeat until the desired number of rounds is inserted. The recommended number of rounds per magazine is 28 or 29. Thirty rounds in the magazine may prohibit the magazine from seating properly on a closed bolt.

(8) Remove the magazine filler and retain it for future use.

(9) Tap the back of the magazine to make sure the rounds are seated against the back of the magazine.

4. Empty the magazine.

a. Empty a magazine by hand.

(1) Push with your thumb on the base of the top round. (2) Force the round out of the magazine.

(3) Repeat until the magazine is empty. b. Empty a magazine using stripper clip.

(1) Place the front of the magazine parallel to the deck.

(2) Press the second round in the magazine with the stripper clip relieving the pressure on the tension on the top round allowing it to fall out.

(3) Continue this process until the magazine is empty.

5. Demonstrate the three weapons carries.

a. Tactical Carry. A Marine carries the rifle at the Tactical Carry if no immediate threat is present. The Tactical Carry permits control of the rifle while a Marine is moving; yet it still allows quick engagement of the enemy.

(1) Place the left hand on the handguards, the right hand around the pistol grip, the trigger finger straight along the receiver, and the right thumb on top of the selector lever as shown in figure 1.

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(2) Place the buttstock along the side of the body at approximately hip level. (3) Angle the muzzle upward about 45 degrees in a safe direction.

(4) Position the muzzle in front of the eyes, slightly below eye level. (5) Move the head and the eyes with the muzzle as it moves.

Figure 1

b. Alert. A Marine carries the rifle at the Alert if enemy contact is likely. A Marine can engage the enemy faster from the Alert than from the Tactical Carry. The Alert is more tiring than the Tactical Carry and its use can be physically demanding. The Alert is also used for moving in urban or other restrictive terrain where targets may appear at close quarters.

(2) Place the buttstock in the shoulder.

(3) Angle the muzzle downward about 45 degrees and point it in a safe direction or the general direction of likely enemy contact.

Figure 2

c. Ready. A Marine carries the rifle at the Ready if contact with the enemy is imminent. The Ready allows immediate target engagement, but it is very tiring to maintain over a long period of time.

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(2) Place the buttstock in the shoulder.

(3) Point the muzzle in the direction of the enemy.

(4) Lower the sights to just below eye level so that a clear field of view is maintained while attempting to identify a target.

Figure 3

6. Demonstrate the weapons transports.

a. Weapons transports are used to carry the rifle over the back or shoulders when moving for long periods; they provide a more relaxed position for walking. Weapons transports are used if no immediate threat is present. They are also used whenever one or both hands are needed for other work.

b. Sling Arms, Muzzle Up Transport.

(1) Release the hold on the pistol grip and maintain hold on the handguard. (2) Lower the buttstock and bring the rifle to a vertical position.

(3) With the right hand, grasp the sling above the left forearm.

(4) With the left hand, guide the rifle around the right shoulder and extend your elbow and arm through the sling. (5) With the right hand, apply downward pressure on the sling. This stabilizes the rifle on the shoulder.

c. Sling Arms, Muzzle Down Transport.

(1) Release the hold on the pistol grip, keeping the left hand on the handguard.

(2) Lower the buttstock and bring the rifle to a vertical position. Rotate the rifle outboard until the pistol grip is pointing towards your body.

(3) Reach over your left forearm and grasp the sling with your right hand. Rotate the muzzle down while sliding your right hand up the sling toward the j-hook. Place the sling on your shoulder.

(4) Release the handguard. Grasp the sling with your left hand, and apply downward pressure to stabilize the weapon. d. Sling Arms Transport.

(1) A Marine uses the cross body sling arms transport if he or she requires both hands for work. (2) The rifle is slung across the back with the muzzle up or down.

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7. Load the rifle.

a. Ensure the weapon is in Condition 4.

b. Withdraw the magazine from the magazine pouch. c. Ensure the magazine is filled.

d. Fully insert the magazine in the magazine well.

e. Without releasing the magazine, tug downward on the magazine to ensure it is seated. Do not hit the magazine to make sure it is seated.

f. Fasten the magazine pouch.

g. Close the ejection port cover.

8. Place the rifle in Condition 1.

f. Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. There are two methods of doing this.

(1) Grip the pistol grip firmly with the right hand and pull the charging handle with the left hand to its rearmost position and release.

(2) Grip the handguards firmly with the left hand and pull the charging handle with the right hand to its rearmost position and release.

g. To ensure ammunition has been chambered, conduct a chamber check if the tactical situation permits. h. Check the sights to ensure proper BZO setting, correct rear sight aperture, etc.

i. Close the ejection port cover, if time and situation permits.

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a. Attempt to place the weapon on safe.

b. Remove the magazine from the rifle and retain it on your person.

c. While cupping the left hand under the ejection port, rotate the weapon until the ejection port is facing down. d. Pull the charging handle to the rear and catch the round in the left hand.

e. Lock the bolt to the rear.

f. Put the weapon on safe if it did not move to safe earlier.

g. Ensure the chamber is empty and no ammunition is present.

h. Release the charging handle and observe the bolt moving forward on an empty chamber.

i. Close the ejection port cover.

j. Check the sights (for proper BZO setting, correct rear sight aperture, etc.). Place any ejected round into the magazine and return

the magazine to the magazine pouch and close the magazine pouch.

11. Apply remedial action.

a. Perform remedial action if the rifle fails to fire. Remedial action is investigating the cause of the stoppage, clearing the stoppage, and returning the weapon to operation.

b. Once the rifle ceases firing, the Marine must visually or physically observe the weapon to identify the problem before he or she can clear it. The steps taken to clear the weapon are based on the following three indicators:

INDICATOR STEPS

The bolt is forward or the ejector port cover is closed.

1. Seek cover if the tactical situation permits.

2. Tap the bottom of the magazine to make sure it is fully seated.

3. Pull the charging handle all the way to the rear and release it to make sure a round is chambered.

4. Sight in and attempt to fire.

The bolt is locked to the rear. 1. Seek cover if the tactical situation permits.

2. Conduct a reload.

3. Sight in and attempt to fire. Brass is obstructing the chamber area, usually

indicating a double feed or failure to eject.

1. Seek cover if the tactical situation permits.

2. Attempt to remove the magazine and lock the bolt to the rear.

3. If the bolt will not lock to the rear, rotate the rifle so the ejection port is facing down; hold the charging handle to the rear as far as it will go and shake the rifle to free the rounds.

4. If the rounds do not shake free, hold the charging handle to the rear and strike the butt of the rifle on the ground or manually clear the round.

5. Conduct a reload, sight in, and attempt to fire.

NOTE: The most common type of stoppage is the double feed which occurs when two rounds are stuck in the receiver. A faulty magazine usually causes this.

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c. An audible pop occurs when only a portion of the propellant is ignited. Audible pop is normally identifiable by reduced recoil and a lower report. This is sometimes accompanied by excessive smoke escaping from the chamber area.

(1) Place the rifle in Condition 4. (2) Remove the bolt carrier group.

(3) Inspect the bore for an obstruction from the chamber end.

(4) Insert a cleaning rod into the bore from the muzzle end and clear the obstruction. (5) Conduct a reload.

(6) Sight in and attempt to fire.

REFERENCE(S):

MCRP 3-01A, Rifle Marksmanship AMMUNITION:

INITIAL PER ANNUAL

DODIC NOMENCLATURE PROFICIENCY ITERATION SUSTAINMENT

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TASK: MCCS.11.02 (CORE) MAINTAIN THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE

CONDITION: GIVEN A M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE, CLEANING GEAR, AND LUBRICANTS. STANDARD: TO MEET THE SERVICABILITY STANDARDS PER THE TM.

Condition: The Marine is provided an M16A2 service rifle in a safe condition and a small-arms maintenance equipment case.

Standard: The Marine must disassemble the rifle. He or she must lay out the parts on a clean surface in the disassembled sequence and must reassemble the rifle in reverse order. The Marine will clean, inspect, and lubricate

thoroughly all parts of the rifle. After assembly, the Marine must engage the safety mechanism. The rifle must function properly.

PERFORMANCE STEPS: 1. Handle the weapon safely.

Rule 1 Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.

Rule 2 Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot.

Rule 3 Keep your finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Rule 4 Keep the weapon on safe until you intend to fire.

b. A weapon’s readiness/safety is described by one of four conditions. The steps in the loading and unloading process take the rifle through four specific conditions of readiness for live fire.

CONDITION CODES

Condition 1 Safety on, magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

Condition 2 Not applicable to the M16A2 rifle.

Condition 3 Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed. Condition 4 Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

2. Place the rifle in condition 4.

a. Attempt to place the weapon on safe.

b. Remove the magazine from the rifle and retain it on your person.

c. While cupping the left hand under the ejection port, rotate the weapon until the ejection port is facing down. d. Pull the charging handle to the rear and catch the round in the left hand.

e. Lock the bolt to the rear.

f. Put the weapon on safe if it would not move to safe earlier.

g. Ensure the chamber is empty and no ammunition is present.

h. Release the charging handle and observe the bolt moving forward on an empty chamber.

i. Close the ejection port cover.

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3. Disassemble the rifle.

a. Remove the sling.

b. Place the rifle on the buttstock and press down on the slip ring. Pull the handguards free (figure 1).

NOTE: Do not remove the silver metal heatshield inside the handguard during maintenance.

c. Push in on the takedown pin (left to right) as far as it will go, allowing the upper receiver to pivot away from the lower receiver (figure 2).

Figure 1

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d. Push the receiver pivot pin (figure 3).

Figure 3

e. Separate the upper and lower receivers (figure 4).

Figure 4

f. Pull the charging handle and bolt carrier back (figure 5).

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g. Remove the bolt carrier and bolt (figure 6).

h. Remove the charging handle (figure 7).

i. Remove the firing pin retaining pin (figure 8).

Figure 6

Figure 7

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j. Place the bolt assembly in the locked position (figure 9).

k. Drop the firing pin out of the rear of the bolt carrier (figure 10).

l. Remove the bolt cam pin (figure 11).

Figure 9

Figure 10

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m. Remove the bolt assembly from the carrier (figure 12).

n. Use the firing pin to push out the extractor pin (figure 13).

NOTE: Press the rear of the extractor to check the spring function. See your armorer if the spring is weak. Do not damage the tip of firing pin.

Figure 12

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o. Remove the extractor and spring (figure 14).

p. Press in buffer, depress the retainer, and release the buffer (figure 15).

Figure 14

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q. Remove the buffer and the action spring (figure 16).

NOTE: No further dis assembly allowed.

4. Clean the rifle.

a. Clean the bore.

NOTE: The bore of the M16A2 has lands and grooves called rifling. Rifling makes the bullet spin very fast as it moves down the bore and down range. Because it twists so quickly, it is difficult to push a new, stiff bore brush through the bore. It is much easier to pull the bore brush through the bore. Also, because the brush will clean better if the bristles follow the grooves (called tracking), allow the bore brush to turn as you pull it through.

(1) Swab out the bore with a patch moistened with approved cleaning solvent.

(2) Attach three rod sections together, but leave each one about two turns short of being tight. (3) Attach the bore brush, but leave it two turns short of being tight also.

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(4) Point the muzzle down. Hold the upper receiver in one hand while inserting the end of the rod without the brush into the chamber. Let the rod fall straight through the bore (figure 17).

(5) Two to three inches will be sticking out of the muzzle at this point. Attach the handle section of the cleaning rod to the end of the rod sticking out of the muzzle (figure 18).

(6) Pull the brush through the bore and the muzzle. If you watch closely, you can see the rod twisting as you pull it. Figure 17

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(7) After one pull, take off the handle section and repeat the process. After three or four pulls, you will see that the three rod sections and the bore brush are screwing together. Loosen them up and repeat the process.

(8) Punch the bore with a bore patch once in a while to help clean out the carbon fouling, dirt, and other debris which the brush has loosened. You can use the same technique as described above to save time. Just replace the bore brush with the rod tip (patch holder) and a wet patch. Drop it through. You won't need to attach the handle to pull only a patch through. If you leave the rods loose again, the patch will "track" in the rifling as before.

NOTE: Always have the bore wet with cleaner before trying to pull a brush through. When using a bore brush, don't reverse direction while in the bore.

b. Clean the upper receiver.

(1) Clean the following with cleaner, lubricant, and preservative (CLP):

(a) All areas of powder fouling, corrosion, dirt, and rust

(b) Bore and chamber

(c) Locking lugs

(d) Gas tube

(2) Swab out the chamber with a patch moistened with CLP. (3) Attach the handle and chamber brush to one rod section.

(4) Insert the chamber brush into chamber, and turn it in one direction only (figure 19).

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c. Clean the following parts of the bolt carrier group (figure 20): (1) Outer and inner surfaces of bolt carrier

(2) Carrier key

(3) Firing pin recess and firing pin (4) Firing pin hole (use pipe cleaner)

(5) Carbon deposits and dirt from locking lugs (6) Areas behind bolt ring and under lip of extractor

Figure 20

d. Clean the lower receiver group (figure 21).

(1) Check all areas for powder fouling, corrosion, and dirt. (2) Wipe the dirt from the trigger mechanism.

(3) Clean the buffer, action spring, and inside lower receiver extension.

CAUTION: Do not use wire brush or any type of abrasive material to clean aluminum surfaces. Figure 21

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e. Clean the ejector.

(1) Remove ejector from the bolt carrier. Hold it in your hands with the ejector down and the extractor up. (2) Place a few drops of CLP around the ejector to form a puddle (figure 22).

(3) Place a fired or dummy case under the lip of the extractor.

(a) With a rocking motion, press the case down against the ejector (figure 23).

NOTE: Because the ejector is spring-loaded, you will feel some resistance.

(b) Press on the case until it stops against bolt.

(c) Ease off with your thumb slightly, and press down again.

(d) Repeat several times.

(e) Replace the CLP frequently. Once the spring action of the ejector is smooth and strong, dry off any excess.

f. Perform inspection.

(1) Inspect the bolt for cracks or fractures, especially in the cam pin hole area; bolts that contain pits extending into the firing

pin hole need replacement.

Figure 22

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(2) Inspect the firing pin to ensure that it is not bent, cracked, blunted, and has no sharp end.

(3) Inspect the firing pin retaining pin to ensure that it is not bent or badly worn.

(4) Inspect the cam pin to ensure that it is not cracked, chipped, or missing.

(5) Inspect the extractor for chipped or broken edges in the area of the lip that engages the cartridge rim. Check to ensure the

rubber inserts are inside the extractor spring.

NOTE: If parts are missing or defective, see your armorer.

g. Disassemble, clean, and reassemble the magazine.

(1) Release the base catch (figure 24).

(2) Remove the magazine base (figure 25).

Figure 24

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(3) Jiggle the spring and the follower for removal (figure 26).

NOTE: Do not remove follower from spring.

(4) Wipe dirt from the tube, spring, and follower; then lightly lube the spring.

(5) Insert the follower and jiggle spring to install.

(6) Slide the base under all four tabs until the base catches.

NOTE: Make sure that the printing is on the outside of the base during reassembly.

5. Lubricate the rifle.

a. Use CLP as follows (figure 27):

Figure 26

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(1) Always shake the bottle well before use.

(2) Place a few drops on a patch or rag.

(3) Clean your rifle with rags and patches until they come out clean.

(4) Take a clean patch or rag and apply a fresh, light coat.

NOTE: Do not use hot water or other solvents because it will wash away the Teflon lubricant that has been building up as a result of your use of CLP.

b. Lightly lube the inside of the upper receiver, bore and chamber, outer surfaces of the barrel and front sight, and the surfaces

under the handguards.

c. Depress the front sight detent and apply two or three drops of CLP to the front sight detent. Depress several times to work lube

into the spring (figure 28).

d. Lubricate the bolt carrier group.

(1) Generously lube the outside of the bolt and the bolt cam pin (figure 29). Be sure to lube the cam pin area, bolt rings, and outside of the bolt body. Put a light coat on the extractor and pin.

Figure 28

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(2) Lubricate the carrier key (figure 30).

(3) Lightly lube the charging handle and the inner and outer surfaces of the bolt carrier. Generously lube the slide and cam pin area of the bolt carrier (figure 31).

CAUTION: Use only a light coat of CLP on the firing pin and firing pin recess in the bolt.

e. Lubricate the lower receiver group.

(1) Lightly lube the inside of the lower receiver extension, buffer, and action spring (figure 32). Figure 30

Figure 31

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(2) Generously lube takedown and pivot pins, detents, and moving parts inside the lower receiver (figure 33).

f. Lubricate the adjustable rear sight (figure 34).

NOTE: Make a note of how far you move the sights so that they can be returned to their original position at the completion of this task.

(1) Use one or two drops of CLP. Rotate these parts to ensure lubricant is spread evenly above and below them:

(a) Elevation knob

(b) Elevation screw shaft

(c) Windage knob (maximum five clicks left or right)

(d) Detent holes

(2) Lube elevation screw shaft also from inside the upper receiver as follows:

(a) Turn upper receiver upside down.

(b) Remove charging handle.

(c) Put two or three drops on bottom of elevation screw shaft and in elevation detent spring hole.

(d) Rotate the elevation dial back and forth a few times while keeping the upper receiver upside down.

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6. Reassemble the rifle.

a. Insert the action spring and buffer (figure 35).

Figure 34

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b. Insert the extractor and spring (figure 36).

c. Push in the extractor pin while maintaining downward pressure on the extractor (figure 37).

Figure 36

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d. Slide the bolt into the bolt carrier (Figure 38).

e. Replace the bolt cam (figure 39).

WARNING: Make sure that the cam pin is installed in the bolt group. Firing without the cam pin installed will explode the weapon.

Figure 38

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f. Drop in and seat the firing pin (figure 40).

g. Pull out on the bolt (figure 41).

Figure 40

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h. Replace the firing pin retaining pin (figure 42).

i. Engage and then push the charging handle part way (figure 43).

j. Slide in the bolt group (figure 44).

Figure 42

Figure 43

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k. Push the charging handle and the bolt carrier group together (figure 45).

l. Join the upper and the lower receivers (figure 46).

m. Engage the receiver pivot pin (figure 47).

CAUTION: Selector lever must be on SAFE or SEMI before closing the upper receiver. Figure 45

Figure 46

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n. Close the upper and the lower receiver groups. Push in on the takedown pin.

o. Place the rifle on the buttstock and press down on the slip ring with your hand (figure 48).

p. Install one handguard on top and the other on the bottom.

NOTE: The round hand guards are identical (top or bottom).

q. Snap on sling.

7. Perform the function check.

a. A function check is performed to ensure the rifle operates properly. To perform a function check: (1) Ensure the weapon is in condition 4.

(2) Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. Ensure the selector lever is on safe and pull the trigger. The hammer should not fall.

(3) Place the selector lever on semi. Pull the trigger and hold it to the rear. The hammer should fall.

(4) Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. Release the trigger and pull again. The hammer should fall.

(5) Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. Place the selector lever on burst. Pull the trigger and hold it to the rear. The hammer should fall. Pull the charging handle to the rear three times and release. Release the trigger and pull again. The hammer should fall.

b. Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. Place the selector lever on safe.

REFERENCE(S):

MCRP 3-01A, Rifle Marksmanship

TM 05538C-10/1A, Operator’s Manual, Rifle, 5.56mm, M16A2 W/E Figure 48

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TASK: MCCS.11.03 (CORE) ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE AT THE SUSTAINED RATE

CONDITION: GIVEN AN M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE, 782-GEAR, AMMUNITION, AND TARGETS.

STANDARD: TO ACHIEVE A FIVE SHOT GROUP WITH THE SIZE NOT EXCEEDING SEVEN MINUTES OF ANGLE (MOA) OR 2.5 INCHES AS PER THE REFERENCE.

Condition: Given an M16A2 service rifle, 782-gear, ammunition, and targets.

Standard: To achieve a five shot group with the size not exceeding seven minutes of angle (MOA) (2.5 inches) as per the reference.

PERFORMANCE STEPS: 1. Handle the weapon safely.

b. A weapon’s readiness/safety is described b y one of four conditions. The steps in the loading and unloading process take the rifle through four specific conditions of readiness for live fire.

CONDITION CODES

Condition 3 Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

Condition 4 Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

c. Weapon commands dictate the specific conditions required to load and unload the rifle.

COMMANDS

Load Takes the weapon from condition 4 to condition 3.

Make Ready Takes the weapon from condition 3 to condition 1.

Fire Specifies when a Marine may engage targets.

Cease Fire Specifies when a Marine must stop target engagement. Unload Takes the weapon from any condition to condition 4. Unload Show

Clear

When a second individual must check the weapon to verify that no ammunition is present before the rifle is placed in condition 4.

2. Select a sling.

- The rifle sling, when adjusted properly, provides maximum stability for the weapon, helps hold the front sight still, and reduces

the effects of the rifle’s recoil. Once a sling adjustment is found that provides maximum control of the weapon, the same sling adjustment should be maintained. Varying the sling tension extensively will affect the strike of the bullet, which will make maintaining a battlesight zero (BZO) difficult. Using the same sling adjustment will ensure the accuracy of rounds on target. There are two basic types of rifle sling adjustments: the hasty sling and loop sling.

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(1) Hasty Sling

- The hasty sling is used in all firing positions. The hasty sling is advantageous in combat b ecause it can be easily

acquired quickly and provides added stability to the rifle. The hasty sling can be used for all firing positions. If properly adjusted, the hasty sling supports the weight of the weapon, provides stability for the rifle, and reduces the effects of the rifle’s recoil. When using the hasty sling, controlled muscle tension is applied to offer resistance against the sling. Resistance against the hasty sling controls the point at which the rifle sights will settle.

- Donning the Has ty Sling. To form the hasty, a Marine performs the following steps:

a. Hold the rifle vertical with the barrel pointing upward. b. Unhook the J-hook from the lower sling swivel. c. Loosen the sling keeper.

d. Adjust the sling until the J-hook hangs below the butt of the rifle. (The distance will vary based on the individual Marine, but the J-hook will usually hang approximately 3 to 10 inches below the butt as shown in figure 1.)

Figure 1

e. Turn the sling a half turn outboard; this will allow the sling to lay flat against the back of the hand and arm.

f. Attach the J-hook to the lower sling swivel so the open end of the J-hook faces outboard, away from the rifle.

See figure 2.

Figure 2

g. While holding the rifle with the right hand, place the left arm through the sling near the lower sling swivel. The arm makes contact on the sling just below the triceps, above the elbow.

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h. Slide the arm up through the sling below the half twist. The sling lies flat on the back of the arm.

i. With the left hand, grasp the hand guard so the sling lies flat against the back of the hand or wrist as shown in

figure 3.

Figure 3

j. Place the left hand under the rifle so the hand guard rests in the “V” formed by the thumb and forefinger.

k. Move the left hand as required to level the rifle with the line of sight. Hand placement is correct approximately midway back on the hand guard.

l. Placement of the forward hand controls the tension on the sling between the wrist and the upper sling swivel.

This hand placement, with a straight locked wrist, will cause the sling to pull straight under the hand guards and serve to stabilize the muzzle of the rifle as shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

m. Move the feed end of the sling in or out of the sling keeper to adjust the hasty sling. It is important for thehasty

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n. Sling tension is further adjusted by moving the elbow outboard or by squaring the body more toward the target as shown in figure 5. This enables one sling setting to fit all positions.

Figure 5 o. Locate the sling keeper near the feed end of the sling and secure. (2) Loop Sling

- The loop sling provides the greatest amount of stability during firing. This stability allows the Marine to perfect

marksmanship fundamentals. A loop sling takes longer to don or remove than a hasty sling. Therefore, it has limited combat application; it is best used where stability of hold is needed for a precision or long range shot. The loop sling is used in the prone, sitting, and kneeling positions. It provides maximum stability in all supported firing positions.

- Donning the Loop Sling. To form the loop sling

a. Place the rifle butt on the right hip and cradle the rifle in the right arm. b. Disconnect the J-hook from the lower sling swivel.

c. With the M-buckle near the hook, feed the sling through the top of the M-buckle to form a loop large enough to slip over the arm as shown in figure 6.

Figure 6

d. Give the loop a half turn outboard and insert the left arm through the loop, positioning the loop above the biceps. The loop is high on the left arm above the biceps muscle in such a position that it does not transmit pulse beat to the rifle.

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e. Position the M-buckle on the outside of the left arm as shown in figure 7.

Figure 7

f. Tighten the loop on the left arm, ensuring the M-buckle moves toward the center of the arm as the loop tightens.

The sling must pull from the center of the arm to be properly positioned. In this way, as tension is applied to the sling in the firing position, the loop will tighten.

g. To adjust the sling for the proper length, loosen the sling keeper and pull up or down (toward or away) from the loop. This adjustment varies with every individual and every firing position.

h. The loop should not be tightened excessively on the arm. If blood flow is restricted, excessive pulse beat is transmitted through the rifle sling to the rifle and causes a noticeable, rhythmic movement of the rifle sights. When this occurs, a stable hold at the desired aiming point is impossible to achieve.

i. Tension on the rifle sling is correct when it causes the rifle butt to be forced rearward into the pocket of the

shoulder. This serves to keep the buttplate in the shoulder pocket during recoil. To increase the amount of tension on the rifle sling, the sling must be shortened. To lessen the tension, the rifle sling must be lengthened.

j. Move the sling keeper toward the left arm and secure it. The sling keeper should be positioned near the feed end

of the sling.

k. Place the left hand over the sling from the left side and under the rifle. The rifle hand guard should rest in the "V" formed between the thumb and forefinger.

l. Move the left hand as required to achieve desired sight picture. Adjust the length of the sling for proper sling

tension and support as shown in figure 8.

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3. Assume the firing position.

- Selecting a Firing Position. The selection of a firing position (prone, sitting, kneeling, standing) is based on terrain, available

cover, dispersion of targets, and other limiting factors. A Marine must select a position that offers stability, mobility, and observation.

(1) Stability. A firing position must provide a stable platform for accurate and consistent shooting. If the position is solid, the rifle sights should recover after recoil to the same position on the target. This allows for rapid reengagement of the enemy. The prone position provides the most stability for firing, while the standing position provides the least stability.

(2) Mobility. A firing position must provide a Marine with the mobility required to move to new cover or to another area. The standing position permits maximum mobility. It allows the most lateral movement for engagement of widely dispersed targets. The prone position allows the least mobility and limited lateral movement.

(3) Observation of the Enemy. A firing position must limit a Marine’s exposure to the enemy, yet allow observation of the enemy. Manmade structures and terrain features (e.g., vegetation, earth contours) often dictate the shooting position. The standing position normally provides the best field of view, but it usually allows the most exposure to the enemy. The prone position normally allows the least exposure, but it usually provides a limited field of view.

4. Place the rifle in condition 3.

a. Ensure the weapon is in condition 4.

b. Withdraw the magazine from the magazine pouch.

c. Ensure the magazine is filled.

e. Without releasing the magazine, tug downward on the magazine to ensure it is seated. Do not hit the magazine to make sure it is

seated.

5. Place the rifle in condition (1).

(2) Grip the hand guards firmly with the left hand and pull the charging handle with the right hand to its rearmost position and release.

g. To ensure ammunition has been chambered, conduct a chamber check if the tactical situation permits.

h. Check the sights to ensure proper BZO setting, correct rear sight aperture, etc.

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6. Fire well aimed shots.

- Apply the fundamentals of marksmanship and fire well aimed shots at the sustained rate of fire (12 to 15 rounds per minute). The

fundamentals of marksmanship are aim, breath control, and trigger control. These fundamentals provide the foundation for all marksmanship principles and skills. For rifle fire to be effective, it must be accurate. A rifleman who merely sprays shots in the vicinity of the enemy produces little effect. The fundamentals of marksmanship, when applied correctly, form the basis for delivering accurate fire on enemy targets. These skills must be developed so that they are applied instinctively. During combat, the fundamentals of marksmanship must be applied in a limited time frame, which corresponds to the size and the distance of the target. At longer ranges, the target is smaller and a more precise shot is required to accurately engage the target. The

fundamentals are more critical to accurate engagement as the range to the target increases. To be accurate at longer ranges, the Marine must take the time to slow down and accurately apply the fundamentals. At shorter ranges, the enemy must be engaged quickly before it engages the Marine. As the size of the target increases, and the distance to the target decreases, the

fundamentals, while still necessary, become less critical to accuracy. In combat, a Marine must apply proper aiming, breathing, and trigger control techniques without hesitation.

(1) Sight Alignment. Sight alignment is the relationship between the front sight post and rear sight aperture and the aiming eye. This relationship is the most critical to aiming and must remain consistent from shot to shot. To achieve correct sight alignment, see figure 9. Center the tip of the front sight post vertically and horizontally in the rear sight aperture. Imagine a horizontal line drawn through the center of the rear sight aperture. The top of the front sight post will appear to touch this line. Imagine a vertical line drawn through the center of the rear sight aperture. The line will appear to bisect the front sight post.

Figure 9

(2) Sight Picture. Sight picture is the placement of the tip of the front sight post in relation to the target while maintaining sight alignment. Correct sight alignment. Improper sight placement on the target will cause the bullet to impact the target incorrectly. To achieve correct sight picture, place the tip of the front sight post at the center of the target while maintaining sight alignment (see figure 10). Center of mass is the correct aiming point so that point of aim/point of impact is achieved.

Figure 10

7. Assess the shot group.

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b. Triangulate the shot group to find the center. (See figure 11.)

Figure 11

c. Determine the vertical distance in inches from the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

d. Make elevation adjustments on the front sight post to move the center of the shot group to the center of the target. e. Determine the horizontal distance from the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

f. Make lateral adjustments on the windage knob to move the center of the shot gro up to thecenter of the target.

REFERENCE(S ):

MCRP 3-01A, Rifle Marksmanship SLR.15, 36 Yard Grouping Ex

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TASK: MCCS.11.04 (CORE) ZERO THE M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE

CONDITION: GIVEN AN M16A2 SERVICE RIFLE, 782-GEAR, AMMUNITION, AND 36-YARD BZO TARGET OR A MAN-SIZED TARGET (“E” Silhouette) AT 300 YARDS.

STANDARD: TO ACHIEVE POINT OF AIM AND POINT OF IMPACT AT THE CEN TER OF THE TARGET PER THE REFERENCES.

Condition: Given an M16A2 service rifle, 782-gear, ammunition, and 36-yard BZO target or a man-sized target (“E” Silhouette) at 300 yards.

Standard: To achieve point of aim and point of impact at the center of the target per the references.

PERFORMANCE STEPS: 1. Handle the weapon safely.

b. A weapon’s readiness/safety is described by one of four conditions. The steps in the loading and unloading process take the rifle through four specific conditions of readiness for live fire.

CONDITION CODES

Condition 3 Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

Condition 4 Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

c. Weapon commands dictate the specific conditions required to load and unload the rifle.

COMMANDS

Load Takes the weapon from condition 4 to condition 3.

Make Ready Takes the weapon from condition 3 to condition 1.

Fire Specifies when a Marine may engage targets.

Cease Fire Specifies when a Marine must stop target engagement. Unload Takes the weapon from any condition to condition 4. Unload Show

Clear

Specifies when a second individual must check the weapon to verify that no ammunition is present before the rifle is placed in condition 4.

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2. Place sights on initial sight setting.

a. Initial sight settings are those settings that serve as the starting point for initial zeroing from which all sight adjustments are made. If the Marine already has a battlesight zero (BZO) established on his rifle, he or she may begin the zeroing process by using the previously established BZO sight settings. BZO is the elevation and windage settings required to engage point targets from 0 to 300 yards/meters under ideal weather conditions (i.e., no wind). This means that the rifle sights are adjusted so the bullet’s trajectory and the line of sight intersect at a range of 300 yards/meters. When zeroing in windy conditions, the adjustments for windage to offset the effects of wind must be removed to establish a BZO. To set the sights to initial sight settings, depress the detent on the front sight and rotate the front sight either up or down until the base of the sight is flush with the surrounding housing, as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

b. Rear Sight Elevation Knob. To set the elevation knob at the initial sight setting, perform the following.

(1) Rotate the rear sight elevation knob counterclockwise until the moveable rear sight housing is bottomed out on the upper receiver as shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

NOTES: Once bottomed out, the rear sight elevation knob should be three clicks counterclockwise from 8/3. If the sight fails to move three clicks counterclockwise from 8/3, it must be adjusted by a qualified armorer. (2) Rotate the rear sight elevation knob clockwise until the number 8/3 aligns with the index mark located on the left side of the

upper receiver as shown in figure 3.

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c. Windage Knob. To set the windage knob to initial sight setting, rotate the windage knob until the index line located on the top of the large rear sight aperture aligns with the centerline on the windage index scale located on the moveable base of the rear sight assembly as shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

3. Select a sling.

- The rifle sling, when adjusted properly, provides maximum stability for the weapon, helps hold the front sight still, and reduces

the effects of the rifle’s recoil. Once a sling adjustment is found that provides maximum control of the weapon, the same sling adjustment should be maintained. Varying the sling tension extensively will affect the strike of the bullet, which will make maintaining a BZO difficult. Using the same sling adjustment will ensure the accuracy of rounds on target. There are two basic types of rifle sling adjustments: the hasty sling and loop sling.

(1) Hasty Sling

- The hasty sling is used in all firing positions. The hasty sling is advantageous in combat because it can be acquired

easily and quickly and provides added stability to the rifle. The hasty sling can be used for all firing positions. If properly adjusted, the hasty sling supports the weight of the weapon, provides stability for the rifle, and reduces the effects of the rifle’s recoil. When using the hasty sling, controlled muscle tension is applied to offer resistance against the sling. Resistance against the hasty sling controls the point at which the rifle sights will settle.

1. Donning the Hasty Sling. To form the hasty, a Marine performs the following steps. a. Hold the rifle vertical with the barrel pointing upward.

b. Unhook the J-hook from the lower sling swivel. c. Loosen the sling keeper.

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d. Adjust the sling until the J-hook hangs below the butt of the rifle. (The distance will vary based on the individual Marine, but the J-hook will usually hang approximately 3 to 10 inches below the butt as shown in figure 5.)

Figure 5

e. Turn the sling a half turn outboard; this will allow the sling to lay flat against the back of the hand and arm.

f. Attach the J-hook to the lower sling swivel so the open end of the J-hook faces outboard, away from the rifle.

(See figure 6.)

Figure 6

g. While holding the rifle with the right hand, place the left arm through the sling near the lower sling swivel. The arm makes contact on the sling just below the triceps, above the elbow.

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i. With the left hand, grasp the hand guard so the sling lies flat against the back of the hand or wrist as shown in figure 7.

Figure 7

j. Place the left hand under the rifle so the hand guard rests in the “V” formed by the thumb and forefinger.

k. Move the left hand as required to level the rifle with the line of sight. Hand placement is correct approximately midway back on the hand guard.

l. Placement of the forward hand controls the tension on the sling between the wrist and the upper sling swivel

This hand placement, with a straight locked wrist, will cause the sling to pull straight under the hand guards and serves to stabilize the muzzle of the rifle as shown in figure 8.

Figure 8

m. Move the feed end of the sling in or out of the sling keeper to adjust the hasty sling. It is important for the hasty sling to be adjusted so it supports the rifle.

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n. Sling tension is further adjusted by moving the elbow outboard or by squaring the body more toward the target as shown in figure 9. This enables one sling setting to fit all positions.

Figure 9 o. Locate the sling keeper near the feed end of the sling and secure. (2) Loop Sling

- The loop sling provides the greatest amount of stability during firing. This stability allows the Marine to perfect

marksmanship fundamentals. A loop sling takes longer to don or remove than a hasty sling. Therefore, it has limited combat application; it is best used where stability of hold is needed for a precision or long range shot. The loop sling is used in the prone, sitting, and kneeling positions. It provides maximum stability in all supported firing positions.

- Donning the Loop Sling. To form the loop sling

a. Place the rifle butt on the right hip and cradle the rifle in the right arm. b. Disconnect the J-hook from the lower sling swivel.

c. With the M-buckle near the hook, feed the sling through the top of the M-buckle to form a loop large enough to slip over the arm as shown in figure 10.

Figure 10

d. Give the loop a half turn outboard and insert the left arm through the loop, positioning the loop above the biceps. The loop is high on the left arm above the biceps muscle in such a position that it does not transmit pulse beat to the rifle.

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e. Position the M-buckle on the outside of the left arm as shown in figure 11.

Figure 11

f. Tighten the loop on the left arm, ensuring the M-buckle moves toward the center of the arm as the loop tightens.

The sling must pull from the center of the arm to be properly positioned. In this way, as tension is applied to the sling in the firing position, the loop will tighten.

g. To adjust the sling for the proper length, loosen the sling keeper and pull up or down (toward or away) from the loop. This adjustment varies with every individual and every firing position:

h. The loop should not be tightened excessively on the arm. If blood flow is restricted, excessive pulse beat is transmitted through the rifle sling to the rifle and causes a noticeable, rhythmic movement of the rifle sights. When this occurs, a stable hold at the desired aiming point is impossible to achieve.

i. Tension on the rifle sling is correct when it causes the rifle butt to be forced rearward into the pocket of the

shoulder. This serves to keep the buttplate in the shoulder pocket during recoil. To increase the amount of tension on the rifle sling, the sling must be shortened. To lessen the tension, the rifle sling must be lengthened.

j. Move the sling keeper toward the left arm and secure it. The sling keeper should be positioned near the feed end

of the sling.

k. Place the left hand over the sling from the left side and under the rifle. The rifle hand guard should rest in the "V" formed between the thumb and forefinger.

l. Move the left hand as required to achieve desired sight picture. Adjust the length of the sling for proper sling

tension and support as shown in figure 12.

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4. Assume the prone firing position .

- There are two types of prone positions, straight-leg and cocked-leg. Both positions are steady, easy to assume, and present a low

silhouette. These positions provide maximum body contact with the ground and maximum stability for firing. After assuming the prone position, place as much body weight as possible behind the weapon. The angle of the body should not exceed 10 to 20 degrees to the right or left of the line of fire. If this position is used correctly, the weapon’s recoil is absorbed by the whole body and not just the shoulder.

(1) Figure 13 shows the different straight-leg prone positions with the hasty sling. Figure 14 shows the different straight-leg prone positions with the loop sling.

Figure 13

Figure 14 (a) Stand erect.

(b) Face the target at an angle of not more than 20 degrees to the right of the line of fire. (c) Place your left hand under the hand guard.

(d) Spread feet approximately shoulder width apart. (e) Lower into position by dropping to both knees.

(f) Lower upper body to ground using your right arm to break fall. (g) Rotate your elbow into a position directly underneath the rifle.

NOTE: The key to the prone position is the full extension and bending of the arm at the elbow directly underneath the rifle.

(h) Grasp rifle butt with your right hand and place into the right shoulder pocket. (i) Grasp pistol grip with your right hand.

(j) Rotate your body to the right and lower your right elbow to ground (k) Point feet outboard.

(l) Move your left hand to a location under the hand guard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.

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(2) Figure 15 shows the different cocked-leg prone positions with the hasty sling. Figure 16 shows the different cocked-leg prone positions with the loop sling.

Figure 15

Figure 16 (a) Stand erect.

(b) Face the target at a 10 to 20 degree angle to the right of the line of fire. (c) Place your left hand under the hand guard.

(d) Spread feet approximately shoulder width apart. (e) Lower into position by dropping to both knees.

(f) Lower upper body to ground using your right arm to break the fall. (g) Rotate your elbow into a position directly underneath the rifle.

NOTE: The key to the prone position is the full extension and bending of the arm at the elbow directly underneath the rifle.

(h) Draw your right knee up not to exceed 45 degrees.

(i) Grasp rifle butt with your right hand and place into your shoulder pocket. (j) Grasp pistol grip with your right hand.

(k) Rotate your body to the right and lower your elbow to the ground. (l) Place cheek firmly against stock to obtain a firm stock weld. (m) Point your right foot outboard and the left foot inboard.

(n) Move your hand to a location under the handguard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.

5. Place rifle in condition 3.

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e. Without releasing the magazine, tug downward on the magazine to ensure it is seated. Do not hit the magazine to make sure it is

seated.

6. Place rifle in condition 1.

(2) Grip the hand guards firmly with the left hand and pull the charging handle with the right hand to its rearmost position and release.

g. To ensure ammunition has been chambered, conduct a chamber check if the tactical situation permits.

h. Check the sights to ensure proper BZO setting, correct rear sight aperture, etc.

i. Close the ejection port cover, if time and situation permits.

7. Fire three shots.

- Apply the fundamentals of marksmanship and fire a three-3-shot group at the sustained rate of fire (12 to 15 rounds per minute).

The fundamentals of marksmanship are aim, breath control, and trigger control. These fundamentals provide the foundation for all marksmanship principles and skills. For rifle fire to be effective, it must be accurate. A rifleman who merely sprays shots in the vicinity of the enemy produces little effect. The fundamentals of marksmanship, when applied correctly, form the basis

for delivering accurate fire on enemy targets. These skills must be developed so they are applied instinctively. During combat, the fundamentals of marksmanship must be applied in a limited time frame which corresponds to the size and distance of the target. At longer ranges, the target is smaller and a more precise shot is required to accurately engage the target. The

fundamentals are more critical to accurate engagement as the range to the target increases. To be accurate at longer ranges, the Marine must take the time to slow down and accurately apply the fundamentals. At shorter ranges, the enemy must be engaged quickly before it engages the Marine. As the size of the target increases, and the distance to the target decreases, the

fundamentals, while still necessary, become less critical to accuracy. In combat, a Marine must apply proper aiming, breathing, and trigger control techniques without hesitation.

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(1) Sight Alignment. Sight alignment is the relationship between the front sight post and rear sight aperture and the aiming eye. This relationship is the most critical to aiming and must remain consistent from shot to shot. To achieve correct sight alignment, as shown in figure 17, center the tip of the front sight post vertically and horizontally in the rear sight aperture. Imagine a horizontal line drawn through the center of the rear sight aperture. The top of the front sight post will appear to touch this line. Imagine a vertical line drawn through the center of the rear sight aperture. The line will appear to bisect the front sight post.

Figure 17

(2) Sight Picture. Sight picture is the placement of the tip of the front sight post in relation to the target while maintaining sight alignment. Correct sight alignment but improper sight placement on the target will cause the bullet to impact the target incorrectly. To achieve correct sight picture, as shown in figure 18, place the tip of the front sight post at the center of the target while maintaining sight alignment. Center of mass is the correct aiming point so that point of aim/point of impact is achieved.

Figure 18

8. Record information in the data book.

a. Of all tools that assist the Marine in firing accurately and consistently, the data book, if properly used, is the most valuable asset.

It contains a complete record of every shot fired and the weather conditions and their effects on shooting. When used properly, it will assist the Marine in establishing and maintaining a battlesight zero (BZO).

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b. Triangulate the shot group to find the center as shown in figure 19.

Figure 19

9. Analyze data.

- If your shot group is not in the center of the target, use the squares on the 36-yard BZO target or the databook to calculate the

required clicks necessary to move your next shot group to the center. The squares are numbered around the edges of the target to equal the number of clicks required to move the shot group to the center as shown in figure 19.

10. Apply required adjustments to rifle sights.

a. Determine the vertical distance in inches from the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

b. Make elevation adjustments on the front sight post to move the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

c. Rotate the front sight post counterclockwise to lower your next shot group. Rotate the front sight post clockwise to raise your next shot group.

d. Determine the horizontal distance from the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

e. Make lateral adjustments on the windage knob to move the center of the shot group to the center of the target.

f. Turn the windage knob counterclockwise to move the shot group to the left.

g. Turn the windage knob clockwise to move the shot group to the right.

11. Fire a second group. (Repeat steps 6 through 10.) 12. Fire a four-shot group. (Repeat steps 6 through 10.) 13. Record battlesight zero in the data book. (Repeat step 8.) 14. Place recorded battlesight zero in the butt stock of the rifle.

REFERENCE(S ):

MCRP 3-01A, Rifle Marksmanship SLR 10, Zeroing