Cape Geography Syllabus

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Geography – An Integrated Approach

Matching Grid for CAPE Geography Syllabus

Cape Geography Syllabus Geography-An Integrated

Approach

Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/s

UNIT 1

Module 1: Population and Settlement

1.Population Distribution and Density 13

(i) Population density and population distribution 344-45 (ii) The factors influencing population distribution at a

local, regional and global scale

346-48 (iii) Methods of depicting population distribution and

density

344[very little] (iv) The merits and demerits of the methods of depicting

population distribution and density

344[very little]

2. Population Structure 13

(i) Birth Rate, Death Rate and Natural Increase 349 (ii) Construction and interpretation of population pyramids 353 (iii) Interpretation of population structure in less developed

countries(LDCs) and more developed countries (MDCs)

354 (iv) Dependency ratios- calculations and implications 354 3. Population and Population Change 13

(i) Optimum, under and over population 376 (ii) Models of population growth in relation to

resources(Malthus, Boserup)

378-79 (iii) The demographic transition model and its applicability

to the experiences of developed and developing countries

350-352 (iv) Calculation of population growth rates 349[very little]

4. Migration 13

(i) Types of population movements – international (trends); internal: rural – urban, urban – rural, urban – urban, rural – rural.

361

(ii) Causes and consequences of migration 362-375 (iii)Questionnaire design, data collection and analysis ---5. Location and Functions of Settlements 14

(i) Physical and human factors influencing location and functions of rural and urban settlements

388-417 (ii) The use of topographic maps to identify and analyse

site, situation, and settlement patterns

---Cape Geography Syllabus Geography-An Integrated

Approach

UNIT 1

Module 1: Population and Settlement (cont’d)

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(i) the process of urbanisation in MDCs and LDCs 418-19 (ii) Technology, urbanisation and

counter-urbanisation

13,15 365,419 [very little]

(iii) Models of urban structure: Burgess, Hoyt, Ullman and Harris (assumptions, zones, limitations)

420-24 (iv) Problems and solutions to urban growth in MDCs and

LDCs

437-41 443-47 (v) Pedestrian and traffic counts and methods of depicting

the data collected ( flowlines and isolines)

---Module 2: Hydrological, Fluvial, Coastal and Limestone Environments

1. Hydrology 3

(i) Concepts associated with the hydrological cycle and the river basin

3,9 58,214

(ii) Major flows and factors influencing flows within the hydrological cycle

58-59 (iii) The storm hydrograph and water budgets (spatial and

temporal changes)

60-64 (iv) Climatic, physical and biotic (human and vegetation)

factors affecting the drainage basin characteristics

62-63 (v) Drainage patterns and drainage density 67,84-86 (vi) The use of topographic maps to identify geological,

physical and biotic (human and vegetation) influences on the drainage basin

---2.Fluvial Processes and Landforms 3 (i) Concepts associated with fluvial processes and

landforms (include competence and capacity)

72 (ii)The major flows and processes operating within the

river channel

68-74 (iii)Stream channel characteristics 68-71 (iv)The influence of physical, biotic (human and

vegetation)and geological processes on the long and cross – profiles of rivers

75-83,87-97

(v) The measurement and calculation of stream velocity, stream width and channel geometry

68-71 [very little]

Approach

UNIT 1

Module 2: Hydrological, Fluvial, Coastal and Limestone Environments

2.Fluvial Processes and Landforms (cont’d) 3

(vi) Weathering and its influence on river basins ---3. Coastal Processes and Landforms 6

(i) Major flows (for example, long-shore drift) and

processes(for example, marine erosion and deposition)

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operating in coastal environments

(ii) The influence of the processes of erosion,

transportation and deposition on the development of related landforms

151-57

(iii)Formation of coral reefs(including theories) ---(iv)The effects of fluvial depositional processes on coastal

regions

158

[very little] (v)The influence of geological factors (rock type and

structure) on the shape of coastlines

149,167 [very little]

(vi)A study of the processes at work on a particular stretch of coastline in the Caribbean

---(vii) drawing and labelling field sketches of coastal features ---(viii) The use of topographic maps and aerial photographs

to identify coastal features

---4. Processes and Landforms in Limestone Regions 2,8

(i) Concepts associated with limestone topography 8 196-200 (ii) Characteristics of limestone as a rock 8 196 (iii) Chemical weathering processes and limestone 2 43 (iv) Development of limestone features in Jamaica and

Puerto Rico including changes over time

---(v) The use of topographic maps in identifying landforms

and land use in limestone areas

---Module 3: Natural Events and Hazards 1. Natural Events and Hazards

(i) Concept of a natural event and a hazard 1 31 (ii) Types of hazards – technological, climatic and

geomorphological

31

2. Flooding 3

(i) Types of precipitation events 62

(ii) Influence of man 62-63

(iii) Sea level changes 63[very little]

Approach

UNIT 1

Module 3: Natural Events and Hazards

2. Flooding (cont’d) 3

(iv) Drainage basin characteristics 62

(v) Positive and negative impacts 87-97

3. Plate Tectonics 1

(i) Continental drift and plate tectonics 12-13 (ii) The formation of plates, global distribution and the

direction of movements of plates

14-15 (iii) Processes operating at different margins 15 4. Plate Movements as Natural Events 1

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(i) Nature of earthquakes including faulting 9-11

(ii) Formation of island arcs and origin of fold mountains 17-20 [very little] (iii) Distribution of and characteristics of volcanic landforms 11,24-30

(iv) Characteristics of volcanic landscapes in a Caribbean island

---(v) Positive impact of volcanic and earthquake activity 30

(vi) Value of folded and faulted landscapes ---5. Volcanoes and Earthquakes as Hazards

(i)Negative impacts of volcanic and earthquake activity 9, 18, 30, 33-36 (ii) Case studies of the negative impacts of earthquakes

occurring in developed and developing countries

11,16

[developed only]

6. Response to Hazards 1

(i) Current capabilities in predicting earthquake, flooding and volcanic activity

1 35-36

[not flooding] (ii) Individual and collective responses to volcanic hazards

before the occurrence and after the occurrence

1 32,35 [very little] (iii) Differences in the individual and collective responses

to earthquake hazards

1 35 [very little] (iv) Government responses to hazards – earthquakes,

floods and volcanoes

Approach

UNIT 2

Module 1: Climate, Vegetation and Soils

1. Atmosphere and Weather Systems 9

(i) Global heat budget 208-212

(ii) Global surface and upper wind circulation 224-228 (iii)Global patterns of vertical and horizontal temperature

and pressure variations

Integrated in previous topic

(iv) Atmospheric humidity 213-215

(v) Condensation and precipitation 215, 219-223

(vi) Lapse rates 216

(vii) Weather conditions resulting from atmospheric stability and instability

216-217 (viii) Development of high and low pressure systems:

anticyclones, depressions, hurricanes, Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

9, 12 229-238 226-227, 316, 323

(ix) Weather conditions associated with the weather systems

Integrated in previous topic

(x) Synoptic charts 230-234, 237,

244-245 (xi) The impacts of hurricanes on the physical and human

environment

235-237 (xii) Hurricane mitigation strategies 237 (little;

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(xiii) The concept of microclimates 242 (little) (xiv) Urban, rural and mountain microclimates Urban,

Rural, mountain microclimates

242-243 243 (xv) The formation of local winds and fogs in mountains

and valleys

240-241 (little) 221-222

Approach

UNIT 2

Module 1: Climate, Vegetation and Soils

2. Vegetation Types 12, 16, 11

(i) The distribution and characteristics of tropical rainforest, tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands and northern coniferous forests

tropical rainforest, tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands, northern coniferous forests 316-318 319-321 325-328 330-323

(ii) The relationship between vegetation types, climates and human factors

Incorporated in previous section (iii) The opportunities and problems associated with the

development of tropical rainforests

Amazon case 347-348 (little) 480

(iv)Variations in vegetation in response to differences in rock type, altitude, slope angle and drainage in a local area

Krakatoa case

304-305 289 (v) Vegetation studies using quadrats and transects

3. Soil Formation and Soil Conservation 10, 11, 7 (i) The interrelationships among parent material, climate,

vegetation, topography, human activity and time on soil formation parent material, climate, vegetation, topography, human activity, time 260 261 261 261 ----262 (ii) The nature and properties of soil: soil profile, texture,

structure, organic matter content, water, air

Soil profile Texture Structure Organic matter Soil moisture Air 263-264 264-265 265-266 266-267 267 268 (iii) The formation of the soil types that develop under

tropical rainforest and temperate grasslands

Soil formation Rainforest Grasslands 260-262, 271-272, 318 327-328 (iv) Soil variations within a local area 274-276

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(v) The study of soil horizons in the field 262-263 270 (vi)Erosion and methods of soil conservation 279-283,

191-192

Approach

UNIT 2

Module 2: Economic Activity

1. Agriculture 19, 16

(i) The characteristics of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary economic activities

552 (ii) The environmental, economic, cultural and political

factors which influence farming in the Caribbean and the European Union ( for example transnational trading blocs, government policies) environmental, economic, cultural and political factors 462-465 469 466-469 492-498 506-510 (iii) Traditional and non-traditional agriculture in the

Caribbean

---(iv) Recent trends in agriculture in the European Union 492-498 506-509 (v) Von Thunen’s model of rural land use and it’s

applicability at both the local and international scales

471-475 (vi)Graphs to show net profit curves and to calculate

locational rents based on Von Thunen’s model

472-473 (vii) The effects of agriculture on the physical environment

in MDCs and LDCs

China case 468-470 480, 510 2. Industry

(i) Traditional and modern factors (including new technologies, globalization) affecting the location of industries

553-556

(ii) the relevance of Weber’s and Smith’s models of industrial location

557-562 (iii)The factors responsible for the development of a major

industrial region in an MDC

Case studies 562-572 (iv)Economic and social characteristics of informal sectors 574-576 (v)The role of the following factors in producing changes

within a major industrial region in an MDC: changes in the organisation of the industry; transport; technological development; transnational organizations; foreign investment and raw material.

Case studies 562-572

(vi) The challenges of industrial development in the Caribbean Region

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/s UNIT 2

Module 2: Economic Activity

3. Tourism 20 586-601

(i) Tourist arrivals in selected MDCs and LDCs over the last 40yrs

587-588 (ii) The social and economic factors accounting for the

growth in tourist arrivals globally

589, 601 (little) (iii) The factors influencing the location of island and

mainland tourism

---(iv) The pattern of arrival of tourists and the organization of

the tourist trade in island and mainland tourism

594 (v) The development of package tours and all inclusive

packages and the conflicts arising within the tourism sector

596 (little) (vi) The role of Caribbean –owned hotel chain

entrepreneurs in the tourist industry and their effect on the industry within the region

---(vii) The effects of tourism on the socio-economic, cultural and physical environment (including conflict over land use) of a Caribbean country

---Module 3: Development and Disparity in the Caribbean Region

1. The Concept of Regions in Regional Development Planning

(i) The concept of a region

---(ii) The different types of regions ---(iii) The need for regional planning ---(iv) Different levels of planning – regional and national ---2. The Role of History in the Spatial Development

Process

(i) Social, economic and political dimensions of colonialism ---(ii) The relationship between colonialism and development

in the Caribbean

---(iii) Post-colonial development strategies in the Caribbean

– education, industrialization, nationalization, trade policies, shelter strategies and improved infrastructure

---

Approach

UNIT 2

Module 3: Development and Disparity in the Caribbean Region

3. Models of Development 22

(i) Plantation model, dependency theory, core-periphery model, cumulative causation model, Rostow’s model and Friedman’s model

Plantation model, dependency theory,

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core-periphery model, cumulative causation model, Rostow’s model, Friedman’s model 640-641 638-639 ---(ii) Factors providing opportunities or limitations in the

development of the Caribbean region: (a) physical environment;

(b) socio-economic and cultural conditions; (c) political organization; (d) demographic condition. --

---4. Disparities in Caribbean Development 22

(i) The different methods of measuring development 631-633 (ii) The concept of regional disparities 630-632 (iii) The causes and consequences of regional disparities

in development

---(iv) The collection of data on selected indices on

Caribbean countries in respect to: (a) Unemployment levels; (b) Per capita income; (c) Purchasing power;

(d) Educational environment; (e) Doctor: patient ratios; (f) Life expectancy; (g) Dependency ratios; (h) Fertility rate;

(i) Percentage literacy; (j) Mortality rate; (k) Nutritional status. ---

Approach

UNIT 2

Module 3: Development and Disparity in the Caribbean Region

4. Disparities in Caribbean Development (cont’d) (v) The representation of the data collected in the form of tables, charts, graphs and maps

Scattergram tables, charts, graphs and maps

635

used but not explained in text (vi) Analysis of disparities from the data collected Spearman’s

Rank Correlation

636-637 637-638

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Chi-squared 5. Regional Development Policies