UC2F1110SE Page 1
Executive summary
Calvin Klein ltd was a coat shop in York hotel in New York City in 1968 founded by Calvin Klein himself. However Calvin Klein is currently owned by Philips-van Heusen. Mr. Klein himself has been described as "the supreme master of minimalism". Calvin Klein brand has always been with mission statement start with sex: to use sex as a weapon.
Each and every product with different companies will have different aim of target market of their customer. As for Ray Ban it is basically targeted to anyone especially when launch out the Ray Ban Junior. Gucci on the other hand aim for the professionals from all aspect which also know as high class design with expensive price. Specammusic is targeted to every on due to the aim of encourage people to healthy and sporty lifestyle.
Problem statements, idea generation, lateral thinking technique, idea evaluation are made to defining problems in specific ways and how to develop idea to generate a new product. The idea evaluation also helps to maximize the supporting factors and minimize the restricting factors.
UC2F1110SE Page 2
Table of Contents
Executive summary ... 1 Introduction ... 4 Objective statement ... 5 Competitor Analysis ... 6-7 Target market ... 7 Uniqueness ... 7 Limitation ... 8Technology Used In Design ... 8
Lateral thinking ... 9
Problem Statement ... 10
Idea Generation ... 11-17 Mind mapping ... 11-12 Attribute listing ... 14-14 Force fitting trigger ... 16-16 Concept fan ... 18-18 Idea summary ... 20-20 Product description ... 22-24 Design ... 24 Function ... 24 Features ... 24 Technology ... 25 Price ... 25 Analysis ... 25 Market Identification ... 27-28 Idea Evaluation ... 30-32 Dot Sticking Analysis ... 34
UC2F1110SE Page 3
Analysis on comparison ... 35 Dice ... 36 Conclusion ... 37 References and Citation ... 38-38 Appendix ... 41
UC2F1110SE Page 4
Introduction
Calvin Klein ltd was a coat shop in York hotel in New York City in 1968 founded by Calvin Klein himself. However Calvin Klein is currently owned by Philips-van Heusen. Mr. Klein himself has been described as "the supreme master of minimalism". Calvin Klein brand has always been with mission statement start with sex: to use sex as a weapon.
In this assignment, CK has developed a new kind of spectacle which combine of different functions together to make it Deep, Intelligent, Complete and elegant like the wise man Guy Kawasaki said.
Last but not lease the interview section has been done to obtain useful feedback from the customer. This is to improve the product base on the demand and feedback of the customer.
UC2F1110SE Page 5 Objective statement
This specammusic express is developed to encourage sporting life style due to the modern decrease the outdoor activity and exercise of human. Another purpose is to capture with flexibility and easy.
UC2F1110SE Page 6 Competitor Analysis
Opening
Competitor analysis is very important for every CEO to plan for their strategy by obtain the product information of other competitors in order to compete with them.
There are lots of competitors in spectacle industry but still there are some main companies that could be a strong threat to Calvin Klein (ck), which are Ray Ban and Gucci who aim on high quality and design features.
The table below shows the features and product description of the products of CK, RB and Gucci.
Company Name\ PRODUCT RAY BAN http://top-10- list.org/2011/05/27/top-10-spectacle-brands/ GUCCI http://top-10- list.org/2011/05/27/top-10-spectacle-brands/ TARGETED MARKET -army pilots -youngster -children -sporting people
-high budget people -women
-office lady
- high budget people - sporting people -every one
UNIQUENESS -created for army pilots at
beginning
-give style and protection - stop ultraviolet rays and glare
-suitable for all people with lower cost
-Italian fashion
manufactures top class spectacles
-spectacles for all type of professions
- many colors and shape available to choose
- titanium material for design
-Mp3 -Camera
UC2F1110SE Page 7
LIMITATION -not many choices
- might expensive for chosen anti glare/ ultraviolet
protection
-expensive - not anti glare - not for kids
- a bit expensive -battery life
-might uncomfortable to non spectacle user
- need to recharge battery TECHNOLOGY USED IN DESIGN -anti glare -UV protection -nil -Bluetooth -Mp3 -Camera
-UV protection, anti glare Table 1 comparison (self-made)
Evaluation
Target market
Each and every product with different companies will have different aim of target market of their customer. As for Ray Ban it is basically targeted to anyone especially when launch out the Ray Ban Junior. Gucci on the other hand aim for the professionals from all aspect which also know as high class design with expensive price. Specammusic is targeted to every on due to the aim of encourage people to healthy and sporty lifestyle.
Uniqueness
As for the uniqueness, Ray band is originally design for army pilot. Besides that it also has an advance protection which will be the ultraviolet protection which special design for the kids to protect their eyes. Moreover that the Ray band also provide anti glare glass which mean the glass is more solid and not easily broken by pressure.
As for the Gucci it was design by Italian manufacture which makes its design perfect math and high class. Many types of design can be found by Gucci and colors will be never a problem to them. Gucci also has special design for all the professionals from all aspect.
UC2F1110SE Page 8 Specammusic has uniqueness such as design using titanium material which make the weight very light. A camera which can use to record video and Mp3 available where the user can listen to the music anytime any place.
Limitation
However, nothing is perfect in this world even the greatest creation have its limitation. For the Ray Band spectacle, there are not many choices of design and color for the spectacle. Since it has come out with the anti glare and ultra violet protect, the price for it also increase dramatically.
As for Gucci, even though there are lots of design and colors which can be wisely chosen by the customer but its price would be the highest compare in these three products. On the other hand Gucci also dint specialized design for kids, as well as anti glare glass and ultra violet protection.
Last but not lease, specammusic has limitation such as battery life can't spend long and need to recharge one it's run out of battery. For non spectacle user might find specammusic
uncomfortable to use and the price of specammusic also an important issue for it to develop.
Technology Used In Design
As we can see the technology have been stated above which Ray Band use ultra violet ray protection with an extra anti glare glass. Gucci have not use any advance technology. Last but not lease is specammusic has Bluetooth in order to connect to others headset. Internal build in storage for Mp3 and camera. The glass technology will be anti-glare and UV protection to avoid physical damage.
UC2F1110SE Page 9 Lateral thinking
Features
MP3 Camera Glass
Listen music Waterproof UV
protection Anti-Glare Battery Rechargeable Spectacle Source Specammusic
Figure 1 lateral thinking (self-made)
Opening
Lateral thinking is about moving sideways when working on a problem try different perceptions, different concepts and different points of entry.
Conclusion
Lateral thinking help to think for the idea from different perception, concepts and points of entry enable user to come out with new solution and idea. This also enables the successful of
UC2F1110SE Page 10 Problem Statement
Who Who will be the target customer
Why Why this product need to be invented to this market Where Where is the location of the product target to
What What are the function of the product
Which Which product will get the main concern of the customer How How long the warranty of the product
Table 2 problem statement (self-made)
Problem statement which means that problem must be stated in term and must be framed in a way so that they can lead to solution.
UC2F1110SE Page 11 Idea Generation
Idea generation is the process of creating ideas. The process includes the process of constructing the idea, innovation the concept, developing the process and bringing the concept to reality.
Mind mapping Opening
Mind maps, develop by Tony Buzen are an effective method of note taking and useful for the generation of ideas by associations. Once mind map is drawn, it seldom needs to be referred again.
UC2F1110SE Page 12 Benefit color Camera quality price Glasses type material storage Targeted user purple trasparent black red plastic wood aluminium titanium normal UV protection Anti glare thick average exelent good poor convenient creative Eyes care stylish Senior citizen Specammusic Express teenager kids professionals Expensive high low average 8gb 64gb 32gb 16gb
UC2F1110SE Page 13 Outcome
1 transparent+ titanium + excellent + 64GB + expensive + professionals + convenient + UV protection
2 Purple + aluminum + good + 32 GB + average + kids + eyes care + anti glare
3 Red + plastic + average + 16GB + high + teenager + stylish + normal 4 Black + wood + poor + 8GB + low + senior citizen + creative + thick
Table 3 (self-made)
Evaluation
Out of the four outcomes give the best outcome is: Purple + aluminum + good + 32 GB + average + kids + eyes care + anti glare
This is the best because kids' need eyes care so that it can have more protection and anti glare is suitable for kids where the glass can never be scratched.
The advantage of mind mapping is the efficiency of work. It can record more in same amount of time and easily add more ideas or links later. It's also easy to remember due to straight to the point way.
(Tony Clelford, 1992)
The disadvantage will be needed to redraw the mind map later on because it's basically made up of draft paper. Map will be personal and could hard to understand by other reader since reader dint create for the keywords.
UC2F1110SE Page 14 Attribute listing
Opening
Attribute listing is breaking down the problems down into smaller bits and" seeing what you discover when you do. "This technique is especially useful with highly complex projects which may have lots of attributes.
(communicorps.org, 2009)
Color Material Camer a Quality Storag e Price Targeted user Benefit Glasses type Black Aluminu m Very poor
2 GB Very low Kids Eyes care Thick
purple Wood poor 4GB low professional
s
stylish Thin
transparen t
Titanium medium 8GB Average Student convenien
t
Anti glare
Red plastic good 16GB medium Male creative UV
protectio n
Yellow Carbon
fiber
better 32GB High Female relax Sun
block
pink Stainless
steel
excellen t
64GB Expensive teenager Eyes
protection
Protectiv e
blue cobalt Half
HD 128GB Very expensive Senior citizen Can listen mp3 Myopia
green nylon Full HD 500GB Unaffordabl
e student record video Hyperopi a Table 4 (self-made)
UC2F1110SE Page 15 Outcome
1 Pink + Titanium + excellent + 32GB + high + Female + stylish + Sun block
2 Yellow + Carbon fiber + better + 32GB + high + Female + relax +Sun block
3 blue + plastic + good + 64GB + expensive + male + convenient + myopia
4 Transparent + stainless steel + excellent + 32GB + high + professionals + relax
+ thin
Table 5 (self-made)
Evaluation
The best outcome that is chosen is
Pink + Titanium + excellent + 32GB + high + Female + stylish + Sun block
This is because majority of the female customer also like pink and its material is titanium which will make the spectacle become very light. It's very important that girl choose a spectacle which will make them more self-confident.
The advantages of attributes listing is when list down a project attributes, it's easy to brainstorm how that attribute can be altered, improved, combined or subtract to contribute more positively ideas to the overall project.
The disadvantage is the table might looks complicated if the user does not understand how its work. Last but not lease it's also might face some barrier such as the attribute and information might have redundancy.
UC2F1110SE Page 16 Force fitting trigger
Opening
The idea of force fitting trigger is to force-fit combination of attributes that one associates with an unrelated project or product to the problem with which one is preoccupied. It's also help to spark off ideas in people mind.
(Tony Proctor, nil)
Helmet
Rolex Watch I-phone
Safety precaution Stylish Convenient
Protection adult Touch screen
All user expensive Multi function
Comfortable Water proof Rechargeable
Light valuable Mp3
Blue punctuality Technology
UC2F1110SE Page 17 Outcome
1 Protection + stylish + all user
2 Safety precaution + adult + Touch screen
3 Multi function + Expensive + convenient
4 Comfortable + water proof + rechargeable
5 Light + valuable + technology
6 Blue + punctuality + mp3
Table 7 (self-made)
Evaluation
The best outcome for the above is
Protection + stylish + convenient
This is because spectacle should provide protection to the user mainly encourage is to the entire user. Another factor is the stylish can bring self confidence to the user.
The advantage of force fitting trigger is it gathers pictures with different function and usage in order to trigger out new idea. Attributes can be combining to make up a perfect idea.
(Proctor T, null)
The disadvantage is the picture might hard to gain information or attributes are hard to think out just but viewing the picture. When it happened, the whole technique will be ruin.
UC2F1110SE Page 18 Concept fan
Opening
Concept fan is developed by Edward De Bone which can help to taking a step back to get a boarder perspective. There by a new view of the problem and new ways of solving the problem.
(Toolkit, nil)
Design a new spectacular with additional function for
the market in 5 years
Design Tecnology Combining current technology New features added Safety protection Market research Convenience and cheap Custom made design
Ultra violet ray protection
Solid and hard crystal glass/ unbreakable Using rechargeable battery to provide energy Bluetooth can be use to connect Mp3 will be include in the spectacular High quality camera can use to record video 3
UC2F1110SE Page 19 Outcome
1 Custom made design + UV protection + using rechargeable battery + MP3
2 Convenience and cheap + solid crystal glass + Bluetooth + HD camera
3 Convenience and cheap + custom made design + UV protection + MP3
4 MP3 + Bluetooth + HD camera + custom made design
Table 8 (self-made)
Evaluation
The best outcome for the above is
Custom made design + UV protection + using rechargeable battery + MP3
This is because spectacle can have more buyers when it's come with custom design and mp3 could be another selling point which is very creative. UV protection also can protect the eyes from damage.
The advantage of concept fan is it divides approach of thinking to 4 levels which can help to provide new way of idea generation as well as new way of solution thinking.
The disadvantage is if this technique is use by less idea people, it might lead them to a dead end of thinking due to this technique need to have more ideas thinking without a proper leading way.
UC2F1110SE Page 20 Idea summary
Mind mapping Purple + aluminum + good + 32 GB + average + kids + eyes care + anti glare
Advantage-
-the efficiency of work.
-same amount of time and easily add more ideas or links -easy to remember
Disadvantage-
-needed to redraw the mind map -Map will be personal
-could hard to understand by other reader
Attribute listing Pink + Titanium + excellent + 32GB + high + Female + stylish + Sun block
Advantage-
-it's easy to brainstorm how that attribute can be altered, improved,
combined or subtract, contribute
Disadvantage-
- might looks complicated
-the attribute and information might have redundancy
Force fitting trigger
Protection + stylish + convenient
Advantage-
-gathers pictures with different function
UC2F1110SE Page 21 -Attributes can be combining
Disadvantage-
- hard to gain information or attributes -hard to think out just but viewing the picture - the whole technique will be ruin
Concept fan Custom made design + UV protection + using rechargeable battery + MP3
Advantage-
-divides approach of thinking to 4 levels -provide new way of idea generation -new way of solution thinking
Disadvantage-
- lead them to a dead end of thinking
-without a proper leading way
UC2F1110SE Page 22 Product description Battery Flash Camera On/Of f Bluetoot h
Lens can be change Titanium Material
Flash Camera
Titanium Material
UC2F1110SE Page 23 Figure 4,5,6,7 products (self-made)
Explanation On/Of f Bluetooth Previous Next Stop Play USB Port
UC2F1110SE Page 24 Opening
This specammusic express is developed to encourage sporting life style due to the modern decrease the outdoor activity and exercise of human.
Design
As seen from the picture of the product, the design of Specammusic express is bigger than the normal spectacle we can see commonly. This is because the design needs to be filling up with extra features that have never come out with. To avoid the weight of the Specammusic express become heavier, titanium will be use as the material for the design.
Function
Function come out with this new product is there is a camera which can be use to capture a picture or even work as video recorder. Second function of this spectacle is help gain eyes protection from ultra violet.
Features
The features of Specammusic express will be a stylish spectacle which can change the lens and become sun glasses. Another features is the lens of the spectacle can be take off and change. The glass also will be special made by anti glare glass and ultra solid which make it unbreakable. MP3 with Bluetooth function will be also available in this product where the user can connect their Bluetooth head phone to it.
UC2F1110SE Page 25
Technology
The technology that involve in this product will be Bluetooth at the first place. The Bluetooth is a communication technology which can help to connect two different devices. Bluetooth is use to connect MP3 of the spectacle to Bluetooth headset. Another technology involve is camera which can use to capture picture as well as record video.
A build in storage device will be added in order to keep the data. The glass will be using ultra thin; UV protection and anti glare technology which can make the glass more durable. Price will be available for different budget of the customer due to the performance of the product.
Price
-RM 500 - normal glass, normal material, MP3, Bluetooth, Camera (low), storage (small).
-RM 700 - UV- anti-glare glass, stainless steel, MP3, Camera (medium), Storage (medium).
-RM 1000 - UV- anti-glare glass , stainless steel, MP3, Camera (good), Storage (big).
-RM 1500 - UV- anti-glare- unbreakable glass, titanium, MP3 , Camera (advance), Storage (large).
Analysis
Company Name\ PRODUCT RAY BAN http://top-10- list.org/2011/05/27/top-10-spectacle-brands/ GUCCI http://top-10- list.org/2011/05/27/top-10-spectacle-brands/ TARGETED MARKET -army pilots -youngster-high budget people -women
- high budget people - sporting people
UC2F1110SE Page 26 -children
-sporting people
-office lady -every one
UNIQUENESS -created for army pilots at
beginning
-give style and protection - stop ultraviolet rays and glare
-suitable for all people with lower cost
-Italian fashion
manufactures top class spectacles
-spectacles for all type of professions
- many colors and shape available to choose
- titanium material for design
-Mp3 -Camera
- glass can be change
LIMITATION -not many choices
- might expensive for chosen anti glare/ ultraviolet
protection
-expensive - not anti glare - not for kids
- a bit expensive -battery life
-might uncomfortable to non spectacle user
- need to recharge battery TECHNOLOGY USED IN DESIGN -anti glare -UV protection -nil -Bluetooth -Mp3 -Camera
-UV protection, anti glare Table 10 (self-made)
UC2F1110SE Page 27 Market Identification
Market identification is the process of using income, demographic, and life style characteristics of a market and census information for small areas to indentify the most favorable location.
(Laura Lake, 2011)
Illustration
Demographic
age
Kids (below 12 years old) Teenager (13>17 years old) Adult (above 18 years old)
gender Male Female occupation Student Professionals Professor Office worker traveler education kindergarten Secondary school College University Income RM 3000 > 5000 RM 5000 above
UC2F1110SE Page 28 level Geographic country Malaysia Korea Japan Australia Philippine Thailand China climate Winter Summer Autumn Spring area Town Village Countryside Psychographic Interest Stylish Modern Creative lifestyle Healthy Sporty anyone Table 11 (self-made)
UC2F1110SE Page 29 Demographic
The target market for the Specammusic is for the teenager and adult which suitable for female and male because it's come with all type of different colors and features. Adult who like to travel or outdoor activity will be highly targeted as the user can use the product during the daily
activity. Education is not a barrier to the target customer due to Specammusic is an easy operate device.
Geographic
Since the idea of Specammusic have been developed, it's was plan to sell every nation in this world because the main objective of Specammusic is to encourage people to have outdoor activity and healthy life style. It can be using in every nation where there are no restriction for Specammusic to motivate people with healthy life style. Weather and are also will not be a problem since Specammusic is design for outdoor.
Psychographic
Last but not lease Specammusic is also targeted to the people who have interest on stylish, modern and creative product. Specammusic is most targeted to the person who having healthy and sporty life style but it's also can be target to others since the main purpose of Specammusic is to encourage people having healthy and sporty life style.
UC2F1110SE Page 30 Idea Evaluation Before improvement Figure 8 (self-made)
Specam
music
Total
Extreme light (titanium material) Easy to bring/ convenience UV protection/ anti-glare glassesGlasses can be change
Advance features and function
Battery cannot last long
Price can be high
Non spectacle user fell uncomfortable
Government
regulation on camera
Need external head-set device to connect +3 +3 +4 +3 +5 -3 -4 -3 -2 -4 Supporting factor Restricting factor +18 -16
UC2F1110SE Page 31 Outcome
Scores of supporting factor (+3)+(+3)+(+4)+(+3)+(+5) = +18 Scores of restricting factor (-3)+(-4)+(-3)+(-2)+(-4) = -16
Total (+18) + (-16) = +2
Minimize restricting factors
One of the restricting factors that Specammusic has is price can be too high to some of the customer. To overcome this issue Specammusic should have local manufacture to each of the area or country. This can reduce massive cost of delivery to the others country.
Another factor is Specammusic battery cannot last longer than 8 hours and need to be recharging once it's run out of battery. Some modify can be made to the Specammusic so that it can use solar energy as its source to recharge the battery.
Maximize supporting factors
One of the supporting factors of Specammusic is the glass of it which comes with UV protection and anti glare function. To maximize this factor, advance protection of the glass can be add in such as an unbreakable glass for it. There for they will be reduce of customer physical damage due to the broken glass.
Last but not lease, the other supporting factor is the glass lens of Specammusic can be change. To improve on this factor color and design of it can be provide in variety of colors. The customer can also ask the company to custom made a special and unique Specammusic.
Conclusion
In conclusion the idea evaluation of FFA enables user to improve their product base on the numeric points given above. FFA does help to find solution to improve where the supporting and restricting factors has been defined clearly.
UC2F1110SE Page 32 After improvement Figure 9 (self-made)
Specam
music
Total
Extreme light (titanium material) Easy to bring/ convenience UV protection/ anti-glare glassesGlasses can be change
Advance features and function
Battery can recharge by solar power
Build local manufacture to decrease price
Launch out sampling and market research
Research on
government regulation
Add built-in head set. +3 +3 +5 +4 +5 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 +20 -9
UC2F1110SE Page 33 Outcome
Scores of supporting factor (+3)+(+3)+(+5)+(+4)+(+5) = +20 Scores of restricting factor (-2)+(-2)+(-2)+(-1)+(-5) = -9
Total (+20) + (-9) = +11
UC2F1110SE Page 34 Dot Sticking Analysis
Opening
Dot sticking is a good way to engage a wide number of stakeholders in concept selection. Simple and easy to administer, but does now necessarily provide rich feedback behind the reasons or motivation for choice.
(James Moultrie, nil)
Attributes Ray Band Gucci Specammusic
Design Price Features Uniqueness Technology used Table 13 (self-made) Outcome Ray Band 13 Gucci 15 Specammusic 19 Table 14 (self-made) Legend Excellent Good Moderate Poor Bad Table 15 (self-made)
UC2F1110SE Page 35 Analysis on comparison
Lowest
Specammusic score the lowest in the price section compare to Gucci is. This is because of Gucci which is design originally from Italy which make its price goes so high. One the other hand Ray band score the same to specammusic because of Ray band have it own special features which are the UV protection and anti glare technology.
Good
Specammusic score good compare with Ray Band and Gucci in the uniqueness and tech
technology section where the Ray Band scores lowest in uniqueness and Gucci scores lowest in technology used. This is because of Specammusic have so many features which combine 3 different function in one single spectacle which make it very unique compare to the others. Excellent
Gucci score the excellent in the price and design section which is mention above, Gucci is
mainly aim to its design as a selling point and there for the price of it score the highest among the others. On the other hand Specammusic score the highest in the features section because of it has camera which can be use to record video, MP3 with advance Bluetooth technology and its anti-glare; UV protection glasses.
Conclusion
In the conclusion sticking dots is a good way to engage a wide number of stake holders in concept selection. The comparison between the different company also help to define the strength and weaknesses of the competitors.
UC2F1110SE Page 36 Dice
Guy Kawasaki has implemented DICE is a good innovation way to think "where great
innovation occurs when you decide you want to make meaning in this world." This is one of the famous speeches that have been given by Guy Kawasaki.
(Guy Kawasaki, 2009)
D Deep Deep bring the meaning that a product or services that come with robust set of
features and functionality. As for Specammusic, it comes with features with camera that can capture picture or record video anytime anywhere. It's also come with Bluetooth technology which encourages people to have sporty life style during their outdoor time. The materials that choose to make the spectacle also can be the selling point of it where the spectacle is light.
I Intelligent The intelligent of the Specammusic is user can simply connect any Bluetooth
head-set in order to listen to the music anytime anywhere. The glasses lens also can be change according to the demand of the user. Besides that Specammusic also allowed user to record video more convenience rather than bringing a camera recorder.
C Complete Specammusic came out with a complete stunning design where 3 different
products can be mixed into one. Its helps the user who like to have outdoor activity with their music and camera along.
E Elegant Elegant is the design of the product which makes it describe as elegant by the
public. Specammusic is a very elegant design product where it come with different colors of it and the weight are minimize to the lowest where the material use is titanium.
Table 16 (self-made)
Evaluation
Specammusic has fulfilled all the aspect of DICE in use to generate a Deep, Intelligent, Complete and elegant requirements.
UC2F1110SE Page 37
Conclusion
In conclusion, specammusic is ready to launch out of the first prototype to serve everyone in the different nation and country. This is because the aim of specammusic to encourage everyone to practice healthy and sporty life style. Besides that secammusic also bring the music for anyone in anytime where they can think of.
Problem statements, idea generation, lateral thinking technique, idea evaluation are made to defining problems in specific ways and how to develop idea to generate a new product. The idea evaluation also helps to maximize the supporting factors and minimize the restricting factors.
Throughout the technique and research have been done, like the wise man said "every creation also never comes with perfect." There are still some problems that specammusic has which is the price will be too high for some of the target user. Due to the advance features and function of the specammusic this has become an important issue.
However, with the help of FFA and interview the lectures who serve with kindness, the problem can be solve using the opinion and suggest of them. The solution is to having a local manufacture factory in every country which can help to decrease the price of product by saving the delivery cost.
UC2F1110SE Page 38
References and Citation
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UC2F1110SE Page 41