5G RAN NETWORK

(1)

(2)

Introduction Introduction



 Why 5G?Why 5G?



 What are the 4G limitations?What are the 4G limitations?



 Key consortium and Research centers for the 5GKey consortium and Research centers for the 5G

Technical requirements & Timelines Technical requirements & Timelines



 Technical requirementsTechnical requirements



 Key Performance Indices (KPIs)Key Performance Indices (KPIs)



 5G Timelines5G Timelines



 Spectrum bands suitable for 5GSpectrum bands suitable for 5G

5G Keys technology components 5G Keys technology components



 5G Architectures & entities5G Architectures & entities



 5G Waveforms alternatives5G Waveforms alternatives



 Dynamic Frame structureDynamic Frame structure



 Massive use of MIMO Massive use of MIMO antennasantennas



 User Control separationUser Control separation



 mm Wavemm Wave – – propagation and link budgetpropagation and link budget

5G radio planning tool requirements 5G radio planning tool requirementsss

New vision of connected users

Ultra High throughput

(Up to

(Up to 10GH10GHz)z)

New advanced technology required

New advanced technology required to realizeto realize

the vision of

the vision of unlimunlimited aited accessccess to information andto information and

sharing data anywhere and any time for anyone

and anything

Hyper

Hyper – –connected visionconnected vision with plethora ofwith plethora of

connected devices and a myriad of traffic types

(smart cities, smart homes, object

(smart cities, smart homes, object tracking, remotetracking, remote

sensors, energy, smart grid, etc.)

Number of connected device

Number of connected devices is is surpassing s surpassing thethe

world’s population:



 Number of devices connected in 2010: 12.5 BnNumber of devices connected in 2010: 12.5 Bn



 Number of devices connected in 2020: 50 BnNumber of devices connected in 2020: 50 Bn

U

Ultra Hltra High thrigh throughpuoughput required for:t required for:



 New services, applications and QoE (gameNew services, applications and QoE (game

streaming, UHD video streaming , augmented

(4)

What are the 4G limitations?

(5)

Ab

Abililitity y to to ususe newe new

spectrum bands

and radio cognitive

technology

Ensure

more

capacity

and

traffic

volume

Ne

New evolutiow evolution is n is requirerequired tod to ::



 Ensure the Expansion of mobile broadband andEnsure the Expansion of mobile broadband and

traffic volume (1000x in ten years)



 Support new spectrum bands (cmW, mmWSupport new spectrum bands (cmW, mmW…)…)



 Highest bandwidth (up to 1GHz)Highest bandwidth (up to 1GHz)



 Support the vision of UDN Support the vision of UDN (Ultra Dense Network)(Ultra Dense Network)



 Support cognitive radio techniques to allow theSupport cognitive radio techniques to allow the

infrastructure to automatically decide about the

type of channel to

type of channel to be offered, differentiatebe offered, differentiate

between mobile and fixed objects, and adapt to

conditions at a given time.)

(6)

Key consortium and Research

centers for the 5G

(7)

Requirements not met by current 4G technology…

▪▪

Low Low latency wlatency with 4G (ith 4G (comcompare to 3Gpare to 3G)) but still not but still not sufficient tosufficient to

support new applications (game streaming, ultra High TV ,

augmented

augmented realityreality, , etc.) etc.) and and the the use use of of new new connectedconnected

objects (cars, machine control…)

▪▪

Lack of flexibility to Lack of flexibility to supportsupport highehighest st babandwidthndwidth (up to 1GHz)(up to 1GHz)

and

and various spectrum bandsvarious spectrum bands (licensed and unlicensed)(licensed and unlicensed)

▪▪

QoEQoE (e.g. ultra High TV, augmented reality and immersive(e.g. ultra High TV, augmented reality and immersive

gaming can not be

gaming can not be supported)supported) and reand reliability liability limitedlimited

▪▪

Doesn’t allows toDoesn’t allows to ensure the ensure the futurfuture vision oe vision of hyperf hyper – –

connected objects

connected objects : Although LTE standard is incorporating a: Although LTE standard is incorporating a

variant called machine type communications (MTC) for the

variant called machine type communications (MTC) for the IoTIoT

traffic, 5G technologies are being designed from grounds up

traffic, 5G technologies are being designed from grounds up toto

support MTC-like devices.

(8)

First and foremost, while the LTE-based 4G networks are going

through a rapid deployment, 5G

through a rapid deployment, 5G networks mostly comprise ofnetworks mostly comprise of

research papers and pilot projects. The wireless industry is

research papers and pilot projects. The wireless industry is broadlybroadly

targeting 2020 for the widespread deployment of 5G

targeting 2020 for the widespread deployment of 5G networks.networks.

Key Consortium and research

Key Consortium and research centers:centers:



 Several global initiatives started in 2013:Several global initiatives started in 2013:



 China, Japan & KoreaChina, Japan & Korea



 Several Workshops & EventsSeveral Workshops & Events



 METIS/5G NOWMETIS/5G NOW



 3GPP/GSMA3GPP/GSMA



 Industries: Nokia/Alcatel, QUALCOMM, Ericsson, DOCOMO,Industries: Nokia/Alcatel, QUALCOMM, Ericsson, DOCOMO,

Samsung, Huawei, Microsoft…

Key consortium and Research centers

(9)

5G requirements and

Timelines

(10)

Growth in Mobile Traffic and Connected

Devices



 1000x higher mobile data volumes1000x higher mobile data volumes

36TB/month/us

36TB/month/user (resp. 500 er (resp. 500 GB)GB) 

More spectrum at higher carrier frequenciesMore spectrum at higher carrier frequencies



 10-100x higher number of connected10-100x higher number of connected

devices (50-500B devices)



 10-100x typical end-user data rates (up 10-100x typical end-user data rates (up toto

10GBps)



 High mobility (Up to 500Km/h)High mobility (Up to 500Km/h)



 10x longer battery life for low-power10x longer battery life for low-power

devices

devices Need for

Need for Machine TyMachine Type Commpe Communication (MTC)unication (MTC) required more efficient handling of machine required more efficient handling of machine

Data Rate Comparison of 5G with 3G and

Data Rate Comparison of 5G with 3G and 4G4G

Technical challenges

(11)

5x low

5x lower lateer latency ncy (fe(few mw ms E2Es E2E):):

5G networks must deliver an

5G networks must deliver an end-to-endend-to-end

latency of less than 5 milliseconds and

over-the-air latency of less than one

millisecond

Allows to ensure:

Allows to ensure: o

o Ultra high-speed WirelessUltra high-speed Wireless

connections

connections o

o High-speed ThroughputHigh-speed Throughput

o

o High Quality of Experience (QoE)High Quality of Experience (QoE)

Extremely

Extremely low low latency latency requiremrequirements ents isis

important for :

o

o Remote control of machinesRemote control of machines

o

o Critical applications (Fitness &Critical applications (Fitness &

Healthcare, ect)

Healthcare, ect) o

o cloud computing and storage/cloud computing and storage/

retrieval,

Ultra low latency

(12)

5G Requirements & KPIs

5G networks will consider the following 5 core services as the base

5G networks will consider the following 5 core services as the base line ofline of

5G ecosystem:



 Mobile BMobile Broadband roadband (M(MBB),BB), including multimedia streaming, VoIP,including multimedia streaming, VoIP,

internet browsing, video conferencing, file download etc.



 MaMassssive Machine Comive Machine Communmunicatioications ns (M(MCCCC),), assuming a massiveassuming a massive

amount of actors and sensors/meters that are deployed anywhere in the

landscape.



 Mission Mission Critical Critical CommuniCommunication cation (M(MCCCC),), requiring very low responserequiring very low response

times and very high reliability.



 BroBroadcast/Madcast/Multulticast icast SeServirvices (BMSces (BMS),), involving simultaneous contentinvolving simultaneous content

delivery in ‘one

delivery in ‘one-to--to-many’ or ‘manymany’ or ‘many-to--to-many’. Typical example: mobile TVmany’. Typical example: mobile TV



 VVehicle-to-veehicle-to-vehichicle and le and VVehicle-to-infrastehicle-to-infrastrucructurture,e, which implies directwhich implies direct

wireless connectivity

Each service has its own specific set of KPI values (

Each service has its own specific set of KPI values (e;ge;g reliabilityreliability, latency, latency,,

throughput, etc.)

(13)

D2D capabilities

NSPS, ITS, resilience, …NSPS, ITS, resilience, …

Devices per area

300.000 per access node300.000 per access node

Battery

~~10 years10 years

Reliability

99.999% within time budget99.999% within time budget

Coverage

>20 dB of LTE (e.g. sensors)>20 dB of LTE (e.g. sensors)

Latency reduction

~

1ms (e.g. tactile internet)1ms (e.g. tactile internet)

Spectrum

Higher frequencies & flexibilityHigher frequencies & flexibility

1-10Gbps (resp.100s of Mbps)

Energy

~~10% of today’s consumption10% of today’s consumption

Data rates

Ultra-dense

networks

Massive

Machines

Ultra Reliable

Comm.

5G Requirements & KPIs

(14)

5G Timelines

(15)

Spectrum bands suitable for 5G

5G bands:



 Below 1GHzBelow 1GHz: Longer range for : Longer range for massive Internet of things (IOE)massive Internet of things (IOE)



 1GHz to 6GHz1GHz to 6GHz: wider bandwidths for : wider bandwidths for enhanced mobile broadbandenhanced mobile broadband

and mission Critical



 Above 6GHz Above 6GHz, e.g, e.g mmWavemmWave::

Extreme bandwidths, shorter range

for extreme mobile broadband

Spectrum types:



 Licensed SpectrumLicensed Spectrum::

Cleared spectrum/

Cleared spectrum/EXLUSIVE USEEXLUSIVE USE



 Shared licensed SpectrumShared licensed Spectrum::

Complementary licensing /

Complementary licensing / SHARED EXLUSIVE USESHARED EXLUSIVE USE



(16)

Spectrum bands suitable for wireless Backhaul

5G will rely on

5G will rely on UDUDN with N with very large of network nvery large of network nodesodes::



 It is not feasible to install fiber linkIt is not feasible to install fiber links to all of thems to all of them



 Ultra High capacity and throughput required for Ultra High capacity and throughput required for thethe

transmission of 5G data

W

Wireless backhireless backhaul is essential !aul is essential !

Using Massive MIMO



 Very directive linkVery directive link



 LOS/NLOS transmissionLOS/NLOS transmission



 Very large bandwidthVery large bandwidth



 Highest modulation (1024QAM / Highest modulation (1024QAM / 2048QAM)2048QAM)

E Ban

E Band (60GHd (60GHz & z & 71-71-76 and 81-86 76 and 81-86 GHz bands GHz bands ))

Using Massive MIMO and

Using Massive MIMO and millimeter wavesmillimeter waves



 Coordination beCoordination between FDD&TDtween FDD&TDD systD systems ems in the band 70in the band 70/80GHz (ECC /80GHz (ECC 05-07)05-07)



 « Light licensing »« Light licensing »



 Range < 500mRange < 500m



(17)

Backhaul station operating in the e-band

Backhaul station (2D/3D view)

In ICS designer

(18)

5G

(19)

5G Keys technology

components

(20)

5G Key components

Scalable Scalable OFDM OFDM numerology numerology Massive Massive MIMO MIMO Flexible Flexible FDD/TDD FDD/TDD subframe subframe design design Reliable Reliable high high capacity capacity mmWave mmWave Fair Fair sharing of sharing of spectrum spectrum For diverse For diverse spectrum spectrum bands/types bands/types and and deployement deployement models models Capa

Capacitycityandand

coverage coverage enhancements enhancements for higher for higher spectrum bands spectrum bands Low

Lowererlalatentencycy

and TDD and TDD dynamic dynamic interference interference management management Tigh

Tighintegintegratiorationn

wi

withthsusubb 6G6GHzHz

e.g

e.gcarcarrierierr

agregation

Common

fra

framemeworworkk forfor

different different spectrum type / spectrum type / Radio cognitive Radio cognitive technology technology

(21)



 ScaScalable transmilable transmissission on time itime interval (Tnterval (TTTI) for dI) for diverse latency and QoSiverse latency and QoS

requirements:



 Shorter TTI for low latencyShorter TTI for low latency



 Longer TTI for highest spectrum efficiencyLonger TTI for highest spectrum efficiency



 DynaDynamic mic TTDD DD frame struframe structucturere for good traffic adaptability (every TTI canfor good traffic adaptability (every TTI can

be dynamically selected to carry UL or DL data



 ScaScalable numerololable numerologies to meet diverse deployment :gies to meet diverse deployment :



 Outdoor and macro covOutdoor and macro coverage (FDD/TDD<3GHz): Sub-carrier spacing =Nerage (FDD/TDD<3GHz): Sub-carrier spacing =N



 Outdoor and small ceOutdoor and small cell TDD>3GHz ll TDD>3GHz (e.g(e.g BW =80MHz):SBW =80MHz):Sub-carrier spacing = 2Nub-carrier spacing = 2N



 Indoor widebIndoor wideband TDD (e.gand TDD (e.g 5GHz with BW 5GHz with BW =160MHz): Sub-carrier spacing = =160MHz): Sub-carrier spacing = 8N8N



 mmWammWaveveTDD (eTDD (e.g.g 28GH28GHz with BW=50z with BW=500 MHz0 MHz) : Sub-carrie) : Sub-carrier spacinr spacing = 16Ng = 16N

Dynamic Frame structure with short TTI

Frame structure borrowing the best

Frame structure borrowing the best TD special subframeTD special subframe (Every TTI can be UL or DL)

(22)



 LTLTE FE Frame strurame structucture confre configuiguratioration in in ICS n ICS telecom EV for telecom EV for FDFDD & TDD & TDDD



 Overhead chanOverhead channels updanels updated according ted according to the to the e-nodeBe-nodeB configurationconfiguration

(FDD/TDD mod

(FDD/TDD modes, cyclic es, cyclic prefix type, antenna configuration, etc)prefix type, antenna configuration, etc)

Example of

(23)

Opportu

Opportunitnity to y to use massive MIuse massive MIMO MO antennas:antennas:

Higher the band, smaller the antenna array (the antenna size is

inversely proportional to the f

inversely proportional to the frequency band)requency band)

e.g

e.g Size oSize of MIMO systf MIMO system using em using 64 ante64 antenna array:nna array:

  2.7cm2 @ 73GHz2.7cm2 @ 73GHz   64cm2 @ 15 GHz64cm2 @ 15 GHz   1176 cm2 @ 3.5GHz1176 cm2 @ 3.5GHz

Massive use of MIMO antennas

Benefits:



 Increase spectral efficiency gainIncrease spectral efficiency gain



 Increase throughputIncrease throughput



 Cell Edge gain +100%Cell Edge gain +100%



 Coverage gain to compensate the path lossCoverage gain to compensate the path loss

on high bands making cm and mm waves

more practical

(24)

User Control separation

Decoupling user data and control functionality:



 Signaling and resource management is done by Macro Signaling and resource management is done by Macro cellscells

(

(Control-PlaneControl-Plane))



 Facilitate mobility Facilitate mobility managememanagementnt



 Data transmission (Data transmission (User-PlaneUser-Plane) can be done at small cells at) can be done at small cells at

higher frequency



 Higher capacityHigher capacity



 Lower energy consumptionLower energy consumption



 Higher flexibility in terms Higher flexibility in terms of evolution of the RATof evolution of the RAT

RRH1

RRH1 RRH1RRH1 RRH1RRH1 MBS

MBS

(Macro Base Station) (Macro Base Station)

C-Plane

U-Plane

User-Plane and Control Plane separation User-Plane and Control Plane separation

(25)

C-C-Plane Plane conconnectionections bns between Retween RBS stationBS stations (blus (blue icons) and 5G e icons) and 5G devicesdevices

(y

(yellow) using mutiellow) using muti-hops connectivity-hops connectivity 

 2D view in ICS designer (5G 2D view in ICS designer (5G devices located in the street and devices located in the street and indoor areas)indoor areas)

C-Plane connections

(26)

C-C-Plane Plane conconnectionections bns between Retween RBS stationBS stations (red icons (red icons) and 5G s) and 5G devicesdevices

(yellow)

(yellow) 

 3D view in ICS designer 5G 3D view in ICS designer 5G devices located in the street and indoor areasdevices located in the street and indoor areas

C-Plane connections

RBS station RBS station Small cells Small cells 5G devices 5G devices

(27)

Delay spread:

Delay spread: 

 <1 ns (LOS conditions/Narrow beam)<1 ns (LOS conditions/Narrow beam)



 ≈ 25 ns ≈ 25 ns RMS delay (NLOS condition)RMS delay (NLOS condition)

Outage:

Outage: 

 Body loss (quite high)Body loss (quite high)

Pe

Penetranetration tion loss:loss: 

 Gaz / Rain (especially for radius>200m)Gaz / Rain (especially for radius>200m)



 Foliage loss: SevereFoliage loss: Severe

Reflections:

Reflections: 

 3-6 reflective paths3-6 reflective paths



 Can be used to Can be used to establish NLOS links)establish NLOS links)

At

Atttenuenuatiationons:s: 

 Big impact in Outdoor to Big impact in Outdoor to outdoor coverageoutdoor coverage

mm Wave

–

propagation and link budget

NEW 5G MODELLING APPROACH NEW 5G MODELLING APPROACH



 CaCartrtogograraphphicicmapsmapswwitithh hihighgh resolu

resolutiontion(1-5m) (1-5m) incluincludingdingbuldinbuldingg lay

layersers reqrequiruireses



 DetermiDeterministicnisticmodels models supposupportingrtingaa lar

large frege frequequencyncybanband (frod (fromm ververyy lo

lowwfrefreququenencycyununtitill45450G0GHzHz))



 3D propagation models for3D propagation models for reflections

reflections



 Propagation models for gaz andPropagation models for gaz and rai

(28)

The

The 5G 5G radio planning radio planning tool tool must bmust be ae able to supble to support:port: 

 HuHugegeamamouountntofof trtranansmsmitittetersrs,, dedeviviceces,s,coconnnnecectetedd obobjejectctss



 VVaarriioouuss ttyyppee ooff ttrraannssmmiitttteerrss//rreecceeiivveerrss ((RRBBSS,, RRaaddiioo nnooddeess,, sm

smalalll cecelllls,s, dedeviviceces,s, BaBackckhahaulul (L(LOSOS/N/N-L-LOSOS),), fefemtmtococelellsls,, D2D2DD wi

withth multmulti-hi-hopeopes,s,SenSensorsors,s,etcetc.).)



 All All thethe possiblepossible technicaltechnical configurationsconfigurations(Bandwidth,(Bandwidth,frequencyfrequency ba

bandnds,s, popowwerer,, frframamee tytypepes,s, TraTransnsmimissssioionn momodedes,s, TxTx spspecectrtrumum emi

emissssioionn mamasksks,s,RxRxseleselectctivivitityymamasksks,s,etetc)c)

5G radio planning tool requirements

(29)

The

The 5G 5G radio planning radio planning tool tool must bmust be ae able to supble to support:port: 

 CaCartrtogograraphphicicmamapp wwitithh veveryryhighhighreresosolulutitionon(f(froromm 0,0,1m1m toto5m5m))



 DeDetetermirmininiststicicprpropopagagatatioionn modmodelelss(I(ITUTU-R-R,, DeDeygygououtt 9494,, etetc.c.))



 Advanced Advanceddiffractiondiffractionmodelsmodels(2D/3D)(2D/3D)



 DDeellaayy ttiimmee aannaallyyssiiss:: TTDDOOAA ((TTiimmee DDiiffffeerreennccee ooff AArrrriivvaall)) ,, dedellaayy sspprreeaadd,, TTSSOOAA,, mi

mixxTDTDOAOA,, TSTSOAOA,, etetc.c.



 3D3Dreflreflectectionionss (La(Lambermbertiatian,n,SpeSpeculcular)ar)



 RelReliabiabiliilityty(IT(ITU-RU-R530530))



 RaRainin(I(ITUTU-R-R83838/8/53530)0),, GaGazz (I(ITUTU-R-R18182020/6/67676)) Absorption

Absorption models,models,etc.etc.



 IndIndooroorpropropagpagatiationonmodmodelsels

5G radio planning tool requirements

(30)

26

26 GHGHz outz outdoodoor example wr example with ith dense urbdense urban LOSan LOS/N/NLOS coverageLOS coverage 

 APs located on lamppost loc APs located on lamppost locations (4m above the street level) ations (4m above the street level) using 23dBm nominalusing 23dBm nominal power and directive MIMO antennas

power and directive MIMO antennas

26 GHZ outdoor simulation

Lamppost Lamppost location location

(31)

5G

5G radio pradio planning lanning tool tool requiremerequirements nts (I(Interferenterference and trnce and traffic):affic):



 RaRadio cogdio cognitinitive ave and dynamic spectrum nd dynamic spectrum allocationsallocations must be a keymust be a key

component of the

component of the radio planning soradio planning software.ftware. 5G will spe5G will spearhead the usearhead the use

of cognitive radio techniques to allow the infrastructure to

automatically decide about the type of channel to be offered,

differentiate betwee

differentiate between n mobile and fixed objects.mobile and fixed objects.

Potential solutions:



 White Space Concept must be developed as White Space Concept must be developed as far as possiblefar as possible

(band sharing according to the prioritization of users and

service types)



 Live data management (two dimension: Space and time) Live data management (two dimension: Space and time) inin

order to manage temporary licenses



 Ability to compile and visualize (in live) the lo Ability to compile and visualize (in live) the load of trafficad of traffic

and users: Data collected from sensors, core network or

trace mobiles



 Ability to integrate various type Ability to integrate various types of 5G schedulers (algorithms fors of 5G schedulers (algorithms for

traffic allocations) and other Intra-Inter RAN features.

5G radio planning tool requirements

(32)

5G RAN NETWORK

Contents

New vision of connected users

New vision of connected users

What are the 4G limitations?

Ensure

Ensure

more

more

capacity

capacity

and

and

traffic

traffic

volume

volume

Key consortium and Research

Key consortium and Research

centers for the 5G

Requirements not met by current 4G technology…

Requirements not met by current 4G technology…

▪▪

▪▪

▪▪

▪▪

Key consortium and Research centers

5G requirements and

5G requirements and

Timelines

Technical challenges

Ultra low latency

5G Requirements & KPIs

5G Requirements & KPIs

D2D capabilities

D2D capabilities

Devices per area

Devices per area

Battery

Battery

Reliability

Reliability

Coverage

Coverage

Latency reduction

Latency reduction

~

~

Spectrum

Spectrum

Energy

Energy

Data rates

Data rates

Ultra-dense

Ultra-dense

networks

networks

Massive

Massive

Machines

Machines

Ultra Reliable

Ultra Reliable

Comm.

Comm.

5G Requirements & KPIs

5G Timelines

Spectrum bands suitable for 5G

Spectrum bands suitable for 5G

Spectrum bands suitable for wireless Backhaul

Spectrum bands suitable for wireless Backhaul

Backhaul station operating in the e-band

Backhaul station operating in the e-band

5G

5G Keys technology

5G Keys technology

components

5G Key components

5G Key components