Experiment 6

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Adamson University

College of Engineering

Electrical Engineering Department

Series/Parallel Circuit

Experiment No. 6

Group No. 5

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Date %erformed! 'anuary ()* +"(6

Date ,u-mitted! 'anuary +6* +"(6

A/* 'o0n 1enedict E.

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(. 2nsert t0e &odule D3 4(55E"( in t0e console and set t0e main sitc0 to N7

+. Determine t0e values of t0e t0ree resistors (* + and 4 on t0e ,E2E,%AA33E3 C2CU2T circuit -loc8 -y using t0e standard resistor colour code7

4. 9rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.(7

:. &easure t0e resistances (* + and 4 it0 a multimeter set as o0mmeter set as in ;ig.6.+a7

5. 9rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.(7

6. Connect t0e to resistances + and 4 as in ;ig.6.+- and measure t0e e<uivalent resistance p of t0e parallel7

=. 9rite don t0e value in Ta-.6.+7

$. &ove t0e dotted terminal of t0e o0mmeter from t0e resistance 4 to t0e resistance ( and measure t0e total resistance s and rite t0e value in Ta-.6.+7

). Calculate -ot0 p and s and rite t0e values in Ta-.6.+7 (". Compare t0e calculated values it0 t0e measured

ones and comment on t0e results7

((. ,et no t0e circuit as in ;ig.6.+c it0 one multimeter set as dc ammeter and t0e ot0er one set as dc voltmeter7 (+. &easure t0e total current 2 and rite t0e value in

Ta-.6.47

(4. &easure* it0 t0e voltmeter it0 t0e dotted terminals* t0e voltage drops at t0e edges of (* + and 4 and rite t0e values in Ta-.6.47

(:. >erify t0at U+ is e<ual to U4 and t0e sum of U( and

?U+ or U4@ e<uals t0e source applied voltage7

(5. Use t 0ese values ?U* s@ i n 0ms l a f ormula t o calculate t0e total current 2 and rite don t0e value in Ta-.6.47

(6. Compare t0e calculate value 2 it0 t0e measured one and comment on t0e results7

(=. emove in ;ig.6.+c one of t0e to Bumper at a time and o-serve 0o t0e values displayed on t0e instruments c0ange* -y ma8ing t0e circuit in t0is ay in t0e ,eries Circuit conguration7

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($. ,et t0e circuit as in ;ig.6.+d it0 t0e to multimeters set as dc ammeters7

(). &easure t0e total current 2 ?ammeter ?(@@ and t0e current 2+ oing in t0e resistance + ?ammeter ?+@@ and

rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.:7

+". &ove t0e ammeter ?+@ -eteen t0e terminals D and E ?-y removing t0e ca-le@ and measure t0e current 24 oing

in t0e resistance 4* it0 t0e terminals ?1* C@ Boined it0 a ca-le and rite don t0e value in Ta-.6.:7

+(. 9rite in Ta-.6.: to t0e value of t0e current t0at os in (7

++. >erify t0at t0e sum of t0e -ranc0 measured current ?2+

and 24@ is e<ual to t0e total current ?2 or 2(@7

+4. Calculate t0e current t0roug0 eac0 resistor using 0ms la and rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.:7

+:. >erify t0at t0e sum of t0e -ranc0 calculated currents ?2+and 24@ is e<ual to t0e total current 2(7

+5. Compare t0e measured values it0 calculated ones and comment on t0e results7

Modifcation insertion

+6. ,et t0e circuit as in ;ig.6.+d it0 t0e ammeter ?+@ inserted -eteen D and E and Boin t0e terminals 1 and C it0 a ca-le7

+=. >erify t0at t0e currents 2( and 24 are t0e ones

measured a-ove at steps +"@ and +(@7

+$. emove t0e cover of t0e &odications;aults simulator and set t0e sitc0 &: to t0e N position ?covered dot@7

+). -serve t0e ne measured values of t0e currents 2(

?2@ and 24and rite t0em don in Ta-.6.:7

4". &ove t0e terminals of t0e ammeter ?+@ -eteen 1 and C and connect it0 a Bumper D and E7

4(. &easure t0e current 2+ and rite t0e value in Ta-.6.:7

4+. Compare t0e current values it0 modication and t0ose it0 no modication and try to locate t0e cause of t0e modication among t0e possi-le folloing ones!

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-. + 0as increased c. 4 s0ort#circuited d. 4 0as decreased

44. emove t0e instruments and all t0e Bumpers and measure -ot0 t0e resistances (* + and 4 and t0e total resistance  Tand rite t0e values in Ta-.6.(7

4:. Comment on t0e results7

45. eplace t0e sitc0 &4 in t0e  position7 Fault insertion

46. ,et t0e circuit as in ;if.6.+- to measure t0e parallel resistance p and t0e e<uivalent resistance s7

4=. ,et t0e sitc0 ;5 to t0e ;; ?(@ position ?or press t0e ;ault -utton@ to insert t0e ;ault ;5 in t0e circuit77

4$. &easure p and s and rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.+7

4). %erform furt0er operations to locate 0ic0 fault 0as -een inserted -y compiling t0e s<uares of t0e ta-les ta-.6.4 and Ta-.6.:* relative to fault ;57

:". Annotate your comments a-out t0e ;5 fault insertion! :(. eplace t0e ;ault sitc0 ;5 in t0e N position ?or

press t0e ;ault -utton@7

:+. ,et t0e circuit as in ;ig.6.+- to measure t0e parallel resistance p and t0e e<uivalent resistance s7

:4. ,et t0e sitc0 ;6 to t0e N position ?or press t0e ;ault -utton@ to insert t0e ;ault ;6 in t0e circuit7

::. &easure p and s and rite don t0e values in Ta-.6.+7

:5. %erform furt0er operations to locate 0ic0 fault 0as -een inserted -y compiling t0e s<uares of t0e ta-les Ta-.6.4 and Ta-.6.:* relative to fault ;67

:6. Annotate your comments a-out t0e ;6 fault insertion! :=. eplace t0e ;ault sitc0 ;: in t0e N position ?or

press t0e ;ault -utton@ and cover t0e ;aults&odications simulator.

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Ta-le 6.(

esistance ?%@ esistance ?,@

&easured Calculated &easured Calculated $"" $"(.55 ((+5 ((+=.(5 Ta-le 6.+ &easured Calculated F2 T?mA@> T TH 2 T?mA@ > T?>olt@ >( >+ >4 (4.5 (5.+" :.4$ (".$" (".$" (4.:= Ta-le 6.4 &easured Calculated 2 T?mA@ 2( 2+ 24 2( 2+ 24 (4.:5 (4.:5 $.): :.5:$ (4.:5 $.)6 :.5( Ta-le 6.:

III. Analysis:

n t0e rst part of t0e experiment* e measured t0e t0ree dierent resistor and add t0em in a parallel and series ay. 9eve seen t0at 0en adding parallel* it s0ould -e added -y implying ( over t0e total sum of t0e reciprocal values of t0e resistors. 90ile for series connection* you ill Bust add t0eir individual values. &oreover 0en connected in a series* t0e voltage -efore and after eac0 resistor adds up to t0e total voltage. 9it0 t0e same connection* current -efore and after eac0 resistor is t0e same. Ioever* in a parallel circuit* t0e voltage -efore and after eac0 resistor is t0e same. T0e currents -efore and after eac0 resistor add up to t0e total current.

(FJH +FJH 4FJH

&easured value 4+5.6 (+"5 +4):

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IV. Conclusion:

T0e concept of series and parallel circuits s0os us t0e -asic electrical engineering concepts s0oing t0e dierence of t0e series circuit from t0e parallel circuit and t0e relations0ip -eteen t0e parameters involved in t0e 0ms 3a. A series circuit is a circuit 0aving a constant o of current t0roug0out t0e pat0 -ut 0aving a varia-le individual voltage t0at ill depend on t0e num-er of t0e resistors present. 9e can say t0at t0e resistance is directly proportional to t0e voltage 0ile maintaining t0e o of current constant. 9e can also conclude t0at t0e resistance is a load 0en t0e amount of load increases t0e o of current t0e voltage must also increase to 8eep t0e o of electricity. n t0e ot0er side of t0e line* t0e parallel circuit is a circuit 0ere t0e total voltage used is e<ual to t0e individual voltage used and t0e o of current is varying depending on t0e values of t0e resistors. T0e total resistance is t0e reciprocal of t0e sum of t0e reciprocal of t0e individual resistance. 2n t0is particular circuit e can say t0at t0e resistance is indirectly proportional to t0e o of current* as t0e resistance increases t0e individual current decreases. Comparing t0e to types of -asic circuits e can say t0at parallel circuit is more convenient and appropriate to use -ecause it uses dierent current t0at is 0y 0en one of t0e current is Kero ampere ot0er current ill not -e aected resulting to a continuous o of electricity.

V. Recommendation:

T0is experiment gave t0e student t0e -asic foundation of electrical and 2 suggest to reinforce t0e experiment li8e adding more resistors and some0o ma8e t0e circuit complex. 2n t0ese ay* students ill en0ance t0eir circuit analysis and understanding of dierent connections.

VI. Guide uestion:

(. T0e sum of t0e voltage t0roug0 eac0 -ranc0 in a series#parallel circuit!

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a. 2s less t0an t0e applied voltageL -. E<uals t0e voltage

c. 2s greater t0an t0e applied voltage d. None of t0e a-ove

+. Calculate t0e e<uivalent resistance E ?8#0m@ of t0e folloing

circuit!

a. 4.54+ 8#0m -. (:.(4 8#0m c. =."65 8#0m d. (=."65 8#0m

4. Calculate t0e un8non resistance x ?8#0m@ of t0e folloing circuit 8noing t0e total e<uivalent resistance !

a. : 8#0m -. + 8#0m c. ( 8#0m d. ".5 8#0m