101. The host that harbors the adult or sexually mature parasite is called: A. Reservoir host
B. Definitive host C. Intermediate host D. Commensal host
102. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Clostridium perfringens? A. Produces lecithinase that is responsible for the Nagler's reaction
B. Is predominantly proteolytic C. Produces no change in litmus milk D. Is not a normal inhabitant in human
103. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding bacterial capsules? A. Produced by both gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria
B. Are usually composed of simple sugar residues except in B. anthracis whose capsule is of amino acid residue
C. Capsule production is not influenced by environment & cultural conditions D. Capsules may be visualized by India ink stain & Quellung reaction
104. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Mycobacterium species? A. M. kansassi infection can be transmitted from man to man
B. M. scrofulaceum produces cervical lymphadenitis
C. M. bovis infection is common in rural areas of the Philippines D. M. smegmatis is both acid- & alcohol-fast
105. Which of the following refers to the symmetrical protein shell that encloses the viral nucleic acid genome?
A. Nucleocapsid B. Capsomer C. Capsid D. Virion
106. Majority of fungal pathogens for humans belong to which class? A. Phycomycetes
B. Deuteromycetes C. Ascomycetes D. Basidiomycetes
107. Which of the following is a large phagocytic cell of the mononuclear series? A. Polymorphonuclear (PMN)
B. Macrophage C. Basophil D. Neutrophil
108. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Vibrio species? A. All vibrio are oxidase negative
C. V. cholerae can grow at pH 9
D. Enterotoxin of V. cholerae is both heat- & acid-stable 109. Which of the following is NOT insect-transmitted? A. Malaria
B. Filaria C. Capillaria D. Typhus
110. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding cholera?
A. The organisms invade the epithelial mucosal cells of the small intestines B. The pathogenesis is due to endotoxin production
C. The titers of vibriocidal antibodies correlate well with resistance to clinical infection
D. Most of the infections in the Philippines has recently been caused by the classic V. cholerae 111. Which of the following is the substance primarily responsible for the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall & is susceptible to lysozyme?
A. Cytoplasmic membrane B. Teichoic acid
C. Peptidoglycan D. Lipopolysaccharide
112. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Borrelia species? A. Borrelia are gram-negative organisms
B. Borrelia duttoni is transmitted by louse
C. Some species of Borrelia are commensals in the mucous membranes of humans D. Borrelia recurrentis causes relapsing fever
113. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding bacterial cell division? A. The nuclei double preceding the division
B. The cell elongates
C. A transverse cell membrane & subsequently a new cell wall are formed D. The new transverse membrane & wall grow outward from the outer layer 114. Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted through milk? A. Tuberculosis
B. Brucellosis C. Yaws D. Q fever
115. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate regarding the viral envelope? A. Proteins in the envelope determine host cell specificity
B. Enveloped viruses are more easily inactivated by lipid solvents than are non-enveloped viruses
C. When RNA polymerases are present in a virus, they are typically found as one of the envelope proteins D. Proteins in the envelope interact with neutralizing antibody
116. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding botulism? A. In the human subject is frequently caused by type C
B. Is clinically manifested as severe gastroenteritis
C. Can be diagnosed in the lab by demonstration of C. botulinum from the food D. Can be treated with broad -spectrum antibiotics
117. Which of the following is the MOST common media used to culture fungi? A. Selenite F medium
B. Sabouraud's dextrose agar C. Tellurite medium
D. Lowenstein-Jensen medium
118. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Klebsiella species? A. Hospital-acquired intestinal strains of K. aerogenes are frequently multidrug resistant B. K. aerogenes types 8, 9, & 10 have been associated with respiratory tract infections C. K. rhinoscleromatis is anaerogenic
D. K. ozanae is the normal flora of the anterior nares of humans
119. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding macrophages? A. They typically produce interleukin-1 in conjunction with antigen presentation B. They typically have IgG on their surface
C. They have antigen-specific receptors on their surface
D. They must pass through the thymus in order to be effective in antigen presentation 120. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by the Chlamydia group of organisms? A. Lymphogranuloma venereum
B. Inclusion conjunctivitis C. Ornithosis
D. Q fever
121. In the Philippines, which of the following diseases is mosquito-borne? A. Filariasis
B. H fever C. Malaria
D. All of the above
122. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Bacillus anthracis? A. Is strictly a human pathogen
B. Has a polysaccharide capsule
C. Can grow only on very rich medium supplemented with blood serum
D. Infection is demonstrated by McFadyean's reaction thru methylene blue staining of tissue smear 123. In which stage of growth is there a slow loss of cells through death that is just balanced by the formation of new cells through growth & division?
A. Decline B. Lag
C. Maximum stationary D. Exponential
124. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the bacteriological examination of milk? A. A (+) turbidity test indicates that the milk has been heated to at least 100°C or 212°F.
B. There is no reduction of methylene blue within a period of 30 minutes to an hour in untreated milk C. Phosphates Test is positive in pasteurized milk
D. Milk Ring Test is used for detection of Brucella organisms in milk
125. In which of the following viruses will the parental virus genome itself acts as mRNA to produce protein?
A. Picornavirus B. Reovirus C. Paramyxovirus D. Orthomyxovirus
126. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Yersinia pestis? A. Mainly owes its virulence to its capsular antigen
B. Is motile at 18-22°C
C. Can grow on MacConkey's agar D. Forms chains in broth culture
127. Which of the following is considered an opportunistic fungal infection? A. Systemic candidiasis
B. Aspergillosis C. Mucomycosis D. All of the above
128. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding N. gonorrheae? A. Can cause pharyngitis
B. Causes interstitial pneumonia of the newborn C. Colonial types T3 & T4 are pathogenic D. Types 3 & 4 are piliated
129. Which of the following does NOT describe the properties of interleukin-1? A. It may activate B cells
B. It may stimulate cytotoxic T-cells
C. Its activity is histocompatibility-restricted D. It is a macrophage-derived product
130. Which of the following is an example of a live vaccine? A. TAB vaccine
B. Pertussis vaccine C. Meningococcal vaccine D. BCG vaccine
131. Which of the following organisms is NOT acquired by animal contact? A. Toxoplasma
B. Larva migrans C. Psittacosis D. Ureaplasma
132. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Bacteroides fragilis? A. Most commonly encountered anaerobe in human clinical infection
B. Produces brick red fluorescence when exposed to UV light C. Produces B lactamase enzyme
D. Is non-hemolytic on sheep blood agar
133. Genes can be transmitted between bacteria by each of the following processes, EXCEPT: A. Generalized conduction
B. Conjugation C. Transversion
D. Lymphoid conversion
134. Which of the following is the confirmatory test for identification of Staphylococcus aureus? A. Mannitol
B. Coagulase production
C. Production of golden yellow pigment D. β-hemolysis on blood agar
135. The RNA of which of the following viruses is infectious? A. Orthomyxoviruses
B. Polioviruses C. Coxsackie viruses D. Rhinoviruses
136. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the staphylococcus species? A. Penicillin resistance is due to an inducible enzyme
B. Penicillinase production is staphylococcal is controlled by a plasmid
C. Penicillinase production can be transferred to other staphylococci by conjugation process D. Penicillinase production offers a survival advantange to staphylococci
137. Which of the following is the MOST common opportunistic mycosis? A. Aspergillus
B. Mucor C. Candida D. Histoplasma
138. Opsonin facilitates bacterial: A. Phagocytosis
B. Clumping C. Sedimentation D. Fission
139. Which of the following statements is TRUE about staphylococcal food poisoning? A. It is caused by ingestion of food contaminated with enterotoxin
B. Signs & symptoms appear within 24-28 hours of ingestion C. Symptoms pertain to nervous system involvement
140. All of the following parasitic infections require an integrated system of control? A. Trypanosomiasis
B. Filariasis C. Malaria D. Pneumocystis
141. The Lancefield grouping of β-hemolytic streptococci is based on: A. M protein in the cell wall
B. Capsular antigen
C. Carbohydrate in the cell wall D. T protein in the cell wall
142. Which of the following is NOT a stage of conjugation? A. Recombination
B. Plasmid or chromosomal mobilization C. Effective pair formation
D. Competency
143. Which of the following streptococci always produces α-hemolysis on sheep blood agar? A. S. pyogenes
B. S. pneumonia C. S. faecalis D. S. agalactiae
144. The following picornaviruses primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, EXCEPT: A. Echoviruses
B. Polioviruses C. Coxsackie viruses D. Rhinoviruses
145. All of the following toxins & enzymes are produced by Streptococcus pyogenes, EXCEPT: A. Streptolysin-O
B. Erythrogenic toxin C. Enterotoxin
D. Deoxyribonuclease-B
146. Which of the following is the MOST opportunistic fungus in neutropenic patients? A. Coccidioides
B. Trichophyton C. Candida D. Histoplasma
147. Anti-streptolysin-O test is of diagnostic value in: A. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Acute rheumatic fever
148. Which of the following refers to the process by which normal serum enhances phagocytosis? A. Bacteriolysis
B. Opsonization C. Chemotaxis D. Proteolysis
149. Anti-DNAase B antibody level is increased in: A. Acute glomerulonephrits
B. Nephrotic syndrome C. Acute pyelonephrits D. Cystitis
150. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the physiology of protozoa? A. Reproduction is done only by binary fission
B. Can grow in artificial non-cellular media
C. Organs of locomotion include cilia, pseudopodia, & flagella D. Secretes digestive ferments, pigments, & material for cyst wall
