PetroMod 2014.1 Release Notes

Version 2014 .1

RELEASE NOTES

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Contents

About PetroMod ... 5

Key Capabilities in this Release ... 5

MPI Runtime Environment ... 7

Converting PetroMod 2013 Projects to PetroMod 2014 ... 8

Before converting a project ... 8

How to convert a project ... 9

New in PetroMod 2014.1 ... 10

Overlays ... 10

Geomechanics / Rock Stress ... 11

PetroMod 1D ... 12

PetroBuilder 2D and PetroBuilder 3D ... 13

PetroBuilder 2D ... 13 PetroBuilder 3D ... 15 Kinetics Editor ... 15 Lithology Editor ... 16 Component Editor ... 17 PVT Editor ... 18 Well Editor ... 18 Simulator ... 19

Viewer 3D, Viewer 2D and Viewer 1D... 21

Viewer 2D ... 21

Viewer 3D ... 22

Bug Fixes and Enhancements ... 24

Known Issues ... 26

All Modules ... 26

Project Anonymizer ... 26

PetroBuilder 2D ... 27 PetroBuilder 3D ... 28 Lithology Editor ... 29 Simulator ... 29 Viewer 2D ... 32 Viewer 3D ... 33 PetroCharge Express ... 34 PetroRisk ... 34 PetroReport ... 34 Video Producer ... 35 System Requirements ... 36 Hardware requirements ... 36 Software requirements ... 36 Licensing ... 38 Support ... 39

About PetroMod

PetroMod* petroleum systems modeling software combines seismic, well, and geological information to model the evolution of a sedimentary basin. PetroMod software will predict if, and how, a reservoir has been charged with hydrocarbons, including the source and timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration routes, quantities, and hydrocarbon type in the subsurface or at surface conditions.

PetroMod oil and gas migration modeling technology is the most advanced commercially available tool and the only commercial system with fully PVT controlled modeling of n -component/3-phase relationships during the entire migration process. Multiple simulation methods, i.e., Darcy, flow path (ray tracing), invasion percolation (IP), and the PetroMod hybrid Darcy/flow path/IP simulator, can be used with the same data models. The 2D and 3D migration modeling technology uses flash calculations throughout the entire model and its geologic history. This delivers an improved understanding and prediction of petroleum properties and oil versus gas probability assessments.

PetroMod 2014.1 combines a state-of-the-art user interface and high simulation performance that enables the user to perform sophisticated analyses of the dynamic temperature, pressure and migration history of complex geologic systems in a fast and intuitive, process-focused workflow. The unification of the 2D and 3D model builder and new viewer capabilities allow a fast switch between 2D and 3D model setup and analysis which saves time and costs.

Key Capabilities in this Release

 The number of mass and volume overlays in the Masses group has been reduced to a set of base overlays. From these base overlays, you can create all other mass and volume overlays on demand using the Create combined overlays function in the

PetroMod Viewers. This significantly reduces the amount of output data generated

by the Simulator and allows you to create a large number of new, combined overlays.

 The Geomechanics tab in the Lithology Editor has been renamed to Rock stress. The tab has been redesigned and contains these new features and changes:

- Material model: The material model describes the relation between stress and strain.

- Poisson’s ratio model: The new Poisson’s ratio model “Linear from porosity” configures the Poisson’s ratio to be a linear function of porosity.

- Grain modulus of elasticity: This new parameter describes the modulus of elasticity of the rock grain matrix.

- Failure criterion: The failure criterion is a straight line in the effective mean stress/deviator stress diagram.

 The Middelburg generation method has been added for biogenic reactions. This gives you the choice of three generation methods for user-defined biogenic reactions in the

 Include the dissolution and diffusion of methane in water in the simulation run.  Track C13 and D isotope fractions. This feature enables you to calibrate the isotopic

composition in accumulations.

 By default, the output overlay files are compressed to reduce the size of the output data.

 The default adsorption adjustment factor is now 100% for all kinetics.

 You can change the relative permeabilities of user-defined lithologies in the Lithology

MPI Runtime Environment

An MPI runtime environment must be installed on your computer. Otherwise you will not be able to open the PetroMod 2014 Simulator.

The MPI runtime environment is required for both single and parallel processing on Windows and Linux systems:

 Windows: Microsoft HPC 2008 R2 SP3 MPI  Linux: Intel MPI 4.1.3.048

Converting PetroMod 2013 Projects to

PetroMod 2014

PetroMod 2013 projects must be converted before they can be opened in PetroMod 2014.

Before converting a project

Before you convert a project to version 2014, please read this section carefully.

Biogenic reactions in the Kinetics Editor

If your project contains user-defined biogenic reactions, open the Kinetics Editor in

PetroMod 2013 and make sure either Gaussian Distribution or Constant Rate is selected in

the Primary Reactions tab.

If neither of these options is selected, the conversion will use the default Gaussian distribution and set the Mean Temperature and Standard Deviation to zero. The following warning

message appears during the conversion:

WARNING: PROJECT CONTAINS UNDEFINED BIOGENIC REACTION: BiogenicReaction is set to a default Gaussian distribution.

Adsorption adjustment factor

When you convert a project from PetroMod 2013 to PetroMod 2014, the kinetics supplied with the PetroMod software are given the default adsorption adjustment factor of 100%. User-defined kinetics retain the adsorption adjustment factors they had in PetroMod 2013.

Saturation endpoints in the Lithology Editor

If you entered a value of zero for a saturation endpoint in the Seal Properties tab in the

Lithology Editor in PetroMod 2013, the respective saturation endpoint will be set to the new

default value in PetroMod 2014.1:  Connate water = 5%

 Critical saturation gas = 0%  Critical saturation oil = 0.1%

Water solubility fraction factor

The default value of the water solubility fraction factor in the Miscellaneous > Pore Water tab has changed. The new default value is 1.

When you convert a project to PetroMod 2014, all the lithologies supplied with PetroMod will have the new default value. If you have a value of 0.1 in a user-defined lithology in PetroMod 2013, the lithology will have the new default value of 1 in PetroMod 2014.

Multipoint curves in the Calibration Editor

In PetroMod 2014.1 the X unit of multipoint curves must be a fraction. If you converted a PetroMod 2012 project containing user-defined curves with different X units to PetroMod 2013, the X unit might not be a fraction. In this case, the conversion to PetroMod 2014 will issue a warning.

To fix the X unit prior to conversion:

1. Open the Calibration Editor in PetroMod 2013. 2. Create a new multipoint curve.

3. Copy and paste the X and Y values from the original curve to the new curve. 4. The X unit is automatically set to Fraction. Choose the Y unit.

You can also use the above workflow after conversion using the PetroMod 2014 Calibration Editor.

How to convert a project

To convert a project use the Convert 2013 to 2014 tool in the PetroMod Command

Menu.

New in PetroMod 2014.1

This section describes the new features and changes that have been implemented in PetroMod 2014.1. Please also refer to the descriptions of these features in the respective PetroMod user guides.

Overlays

The following changes have been made to the overlays in PetroMod 2014.1.

Base overlays

The number of mass and volume overlays in the Masses group has been reduced to a set of base overlays. From these base overlays, you can create all other mass and volume overlays on demand using the Create combined overlays function in the PetroMod Viewers. This significantly reduces the amount of output data generated by the Simulator and allows you to create a large number of new, combined overlays.

For information on creating combined overlays in the PetroMod Viewers, please refer to the

PetroMod 1D, Viewer 2D and Viewer 3D user guides.

New overlays

PetroMod 2014.1 contains these new overlays:  General > Per Unit

- Cell volume: the volume of each cell

- Pore volume: the volume of the pore space of each cell  Petroleum Properties

- Delta D Methane: The current delta deuterium methane value for each cell.

- Water Solubility: The overlay displays the distribution of the water saturation.

Renamed overlays

These overlays have been renamed:

Group Name in PetroMod 2013 Name in PetroMod 2014

Rock Stress Yieldline distance Stress over failure

Masses > Generated Generation Rate: Bulk, Oil/Gas,

Components Generation Rate per TOC mass: Bulk, Oil/Gas, Components

Petroleum Properties Delta 13C_1 Delta 13 Methane

Delta 13C_2 Delta 13 Ethane

Other changes

The following overlay groups and overlays have been removed, renamed or restructured:  The In Situ volumes group has been removed from the Simulator interface and the

overlays that were in this group are no longer generated by the Simulator. You can create the In Situ volumes overlays using the Create combined overlays function in the PetroMod Viewers. Use these settings in the Create combined overlays dialog:

Unit type Base Overlay Time Type Mass Type Relation Free In Situ Oil

Volume volume In situ In Place/Liquid Total Petroleum none

Free In Situ Gas Volume

In situ volume

In Place/Vapor Total Petroleum none

 The Gas Diffusion Coefficient overlay (Petroleum Properties group) has been deleted and replaced by the Water Diffusion Coefficient overlay.

 The Rock Stress group has been restructured into more intuitive sub groups.  The overlays in the Surface Volumes group have been arranged into new sub

groups to account for all the new surface volume overlays that can be created with the

Create combined overlays function in the PetroMod Viewers.

Combined overlays

Use the Create combined overlays function in the Overlays drop-down list in PetroMod

1D, Viewer 2D and Viewer 3D to create mass and volume overlays on demand from the

set of base overlays in the Masses overlay group.

Geomechanics / Rock Stress

The Geomechanics tab in the Lithology Editor has been renamed. It is now called Rock

stress. The tab has been redesigned and contains several new features. See the Lithology

PetroMod 1D

Well assignment

The Well assignment dialog is now more intuitive to use and provides a clearer overview of assigned wells.

Model from picks

The Assign from Well Pick button in the Main input table is now called Model from

picks.

When you click the button, a dialog opens showing the assigned wells and the picks belonging to each well. Click the Take button next to a well to create layers from the picks.

Boundary conditions

In PetroMod 2014 there are two dialogs for the boundary conditions on the Input pane:

 Boundary conditions tables: edit the boundary conditions via the tables.  Boundary conditions plots: graphically edit the boundary conditions

This enables you to open the dialogs separately for improved visualization. The dialogs are interlinked: When you change a value in one of the dialogs, the other updates automatically.

Import trends:

This is a new function in the context menu of the Boundary condition tables dialog. Use the function to import boundary condition trends from any of the models on the Model pane. You also use this function to assign default boundary condition trends.

Output ages

The way you use the Output ages table has changed. When you simulate a model, the Simulator uses all the ages in the Main input table as well as any ages entered into the tools and boundary condition tables to generate the output model.

Use the Output Ages table to enter additional ages that will also be used by the Simulator to generate the output model.

Thrusting

The following changes have been implemented in the Thrusting tool:

 If the thrust model already references paleo models via the Thrusting tool, the paleo models automatically open when you open a thrust model.

 In the Main input table for the thrust model, the Depo. Start column now shows the age at which thrusting started.

 If the thicknesses of the layers in the thrust model and paleo model vary greatly, the reference layer in the Thrusting tool turns yellow to indicate a warning.

PetroBuilder 2D and PetroBuilder 3D

Improved visualization of erosion in Simulation Preview

For models with erosion, Simulation Preview now shows the facies maps assigned to each of the eroded sublayers (in PetroMod 2013, Simulation Preview applied the facies map of the uppermost sublayer to each of the eroded sublayers).

PetroBuilder 2D

Export maps

The Export dialog (File > Export) for exporting maps contains these new features:

 The dialog has an additional field showing the folder in which the map is located. For TecLink models, the dialog also shows the section and the block to which the map belongs. This makes it easier to select maps for exporting.

 The dialog contains a new drop down box called Coordinate system. This enables you to export map values at grid points (Gridpoint Z), at global XY coordinates (XYZ) or at the distance from the first grid point (Distance Z).

Edit layer thickness

Double-click the Layers folder or any layer on the Model pane to open the Layer thickness dialog. Use the dialog to edit the thickness of layers.

Focus on selection

This is a new button on the Map View function bar and in the Modify Cross-Section process. Click the button to fit the cross section to the display area.

Culture data

The culture data folder now offers the following functionality:  Drag culture data within the Culture Data subfolders.

 Right-click on the Culture Data folder or the Cross Section Lines subfolder and select

Create cross section line from model to create a culture data line that runs along

the cross section. The line is placed in the Cross Section Lines folder.

Edit multiple horizons

In Model View, the Edit Selected Horizon button now allows you to simultaneously edit more than one horizon.

1. Select the horizons either on the Model pane or in Model View. 2. Click Edit Selected Horizon .

PetroBuilder 3D

Show extrapolation preview

Use the Show extrapolation preview button on the Map View function bar to check your trend assignment maps before you run the Create Maps from Trends process. This saves you time, because it enables you to make any required adjustments to the trends or trend assignment maps before you run the process.

Edit layer thickness, Edit paleo thickness, Edit paleo depth and Edit

erosion

The Edit Layer Thickness, Edit paleo thickness, Edit paleo depth and Edit erosion dialogs now have an options button for changing the color scheme and the appearance of isolines.

Kinetics Editor

Biogenic reactions

The Middelburg generation method has been added for biogenic reactions. This gives you the choice of three generation methods for user defined biogenic reactions: Gaussian distribution, Constant rate or Middelburg.

Adsorption adjustment factor

The default adsorption adjustment factor is now 100% for all kinetics. This means that, by default, the adsorption capacity of inert kerogen is the same as the adsorption capacity of active kerogen.

When you convert a project from PetroMod 2013 to PetroMod 2014, the kinetics supplied with the PetroMod software are given the default adsorption adjustment factor of 100.

User-defined kinetics retain the adsorption adjustment factors they had in PetroMod 2013.

Test tab

The Test tab contains new options for viewing the effects of secondary cracking inside and outside the source rock.

Lithology Editor

Rock stress

The Geomechanics tab has been renamed. It is now called Rock stress. The tab has been redesigned and contains these new features and changes:

 Material model: The material model describes the relation between stress and strain. The new material model “Anisotropic poro-elasticity” describes a purely transversal isotropic behavior and requires additional parameters. You can specify these parameters in the “Anisotropy” section of the Rock stress tab.

 Poisson’s ratio model: The new Poisson’s ratio model “Linear from porosity” configures the Poisson’s ratio to be a linear function of porosity.

 Grain modulus of elasticity: This new parameter describes the modulus of elasticity of the rock grain matrix. It acts as an upper limit for the “Bulk modulus of elasticity”.  Failure criterion: The failure criterion is a straight line in the effective mean

stress/deviator stress diagram. It can be specified by the new parameters “Friction angle” and “Cohesion”.

Relative permeabilities

There is a new tab called Relative permeabilities. Use this tab to change the relative permeabilities of user-defined lithologies and to enter the saturation endpoints.

The default values for the saturation endpoints have changed in PetroMod 2014:  Connate water = 5%

 Critical saturation gas = 0% (unchanged)  Critical saturation oil = 0.1%

Diffusion of methane in water

In PetroMod 2013 you could enter the diffusion coefficient in the Miscellaneous > Pore

Water tab. In PetroMod 2014.1, you influence the diffusion coefficient by entering the

constrictivity and tortuosity of the lithology.

Water solubility fraction factor

The default value of the water solubility fraction factor in the Miscellaneous > Pore Water tab has changed. The new default value is 1 for all the lithologies supplied with PetroMod.

Sort lithologies by name

You can now sort the lithologies in a user defined lithology group (you cannot sort the lithologies in the supplied lithology groups).

1. Select the lithology group.

2. Right-click and select Sort lithologies by name and select either Ascending or

Descending.

Component Editor

Isotope fraction

The Component Editor contains two new columns called C13-isotope fraction and D-isotope fraction.

C13 and D isotope fractions can be tracked in PetroMod 2014.1. This feature enables you to calibrate the isotopic composition in accumulations. For example, methane components that include a C13 isotope fraction will carry those isotopic signatures into accumulations where they could mix and form a mixed C13.

To include isotope tracking in the simulation, you must enter the isotope fractions in the

Component Editor.

1. Open the Component Editor. 2. Create a new component.

3. Enter values in the C13-isotope fraction and D-isotope fraction columns.

Diffusion coefficients

The Component Editor contains two new columns for entering the diffusion coefficient for methane components:

 Diffusion coefficient D0  Diffusion coefficient EA

By default, D0 is set to 165km²/my and EA is set to 30kJ/mol.

To use your own values:

1. Open the Component Editor. 2. Create a new component.

3. Enter values in the Diffusion coefficient D0 and Diffusion coefficient EA columns. You must include the word “methane” in the component name. Otherwise, it will not be recognized by the Simulator as a methane component.

To include diffusion in the simulation run, you must select the Diffusion checkbox in the

Simulator interface (see the Simulator features in these release notes and the PetroMod 2D/3D Simulator User Guide).

PVT properties of the lumped SARA NSO component

The PVT properties of the lumped SARA NSO component have been adjusted to provide more realistic API values.

PVT Editor

Methane solubility in water

Data for methane solubility in water under varying pressure and temperature conditions according to Duan and Mao, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, has been added to the PVT Editor.

Well Editor

Import project wells

Use the File > Import project wells function to import wells and well data from other PetroMod 2014 projects.

The Write csv function has been removed

Simulator

Isotope Tracking

C13 and D isotope fractions can be tracked in PetroMod 2014.1. This feature enables you to calibrate the isotopic composition in accumulations. For example, methane components that include a C13 isotope fraction will carry those isotopic signatures into accumulations where they could mix and form a mixed C13.

To include isotope tracking in the simulation, you must enter the isotope fractions in the

Component Editor.

1. Open the Component Editor. 2. Create a new component.

3. Enter values in the C13-isotope fraction and D-isotope fraction columns.

Dissolution and diffusion of methane in water

The Processes and Tools folder on the Simulator interface contains a new tool called Water

Phase. Use this tool to include the dissolution and diffusion of methane in water in the

simulation run.

Dissolution

Select the Methane check box to include the dissolution of methane in the simulation run. The water solubility fraction factor is the amount of pore water that is available to dissolve methane. A value of 1 means that all the water is available for methane dissolution. A value of zero means that none of the water is available.

Apply this value globally to all lithologies in your model. Apply the values from the Miscellaneous > Pore Water tab of the Lithology Editor.

Diffusion

Select the Diffusion check box to include the diffusion of methane in the simulation run. The default diffusion coefficient parameters D0 and Ea are set to 165km²/my and 30kJ/mol

respectively (you can enter your own parameters in the Component Editor). The effective diffusion coefficient in porous media also depends on:

 Porosity ,  Constrictivity  Tortuosity

The ratio describes a diffusion coefficient adjustment factor. There are two options for setting this factor:

The factor you enter here is applied globally to all the

lithologies in your model.

Select this checkbox to use the lithology-dependent values for and instead of the global factor. The Simulator uses the values you entered in the Miscellaneous > Pore Water tab of the Lithology Editor.

Output compression for 3D models

The Output folder on the Simulation Options pane contains a new checkbox called

Compress overlay files. By default, the output overlay files are compressed to reduce the

size of the output data. Clear this checkbox if you do not want to compress the overlay files.

Note: Compression is only available for 3D models.

Note: If output on original grid is selected in the Sampling dialog, no

compression is applied to the output overlay files. A warning appears in the Simulator report.

Compressing the overlay files has these effects:

 The size of the output data is typically reduced by a factor of 5 to 20, depending on the model.

 The number of output files is significantly reduced.

 Minimal loss in accuracy (relative error is approximately 10-4_).

- In some rare cases, depending on the model, the compression algorithm can result in a trace amount of oil and gas in cells that would otherwise be empty. - When you zoom into the plots in the Analysis tab in PetroRisk, you might

see a clustering of risk points and gaps between the clusters. This occurs only at very high magnifications where the variation in values is negligible.

- When you Set Polygon(s) for PetroReport in Viewer 3D and view the results in test mode in the PetroReport tab, the minimal loss in accuracy due to compression can cause some of the values to appear as “nan”.

Viewer 3D, Viewer 2D and Viewer 1D

Create combined overlays

The number of mass and volume overlays generated by the Simulator has been reduced to a set of base overlays to reduce the amount of output data. From these base overlays, you can create other mass and volume overlays on demand using the new Create combined

overlays function in the Overlays drop-down list.

Viewer 2D

Arbitrary 2D extraction for IP models

You can now view arbitrary 2D line extractions from 3D models that have been simulated with the Invasion Percolation migration method.

Viewer 3D

Viewing blocks in TecLink models

You can now view/hide individual blocks in TecLink models.

a. Right-click the model on the Organizer and select Options. b. Open the Block tab and select the block you want to view/hide.

Load pre-grid faults on demand

Because they can take several minutes to load, pre-grid faults are not loaded when you drag the folder or entire model to the Organizer. The Pre-Grid Faults folder appears on the

Organizer, but the pre-grid faults are not loaded. To load the faults, click the folder on the Organizer.

Isoline labels in Map View

The Isolines tab in the Options dialog for horizons and imported maps contains a new checkbox for showing/hiding labels along the isolines.

Arbitrary 2D extraction for IP models

You can now perform an arbitrary 2D extraction for models that have been simulated using the Invasion Percolation migration method.

Clip plane freezing

The clip planes dialog contains a new button called Freeze. Use this button to save the clipping plane as an object on the Organizer. The clipping plane remains visible in 3D View and is listed on the Organizer in the Frozen Planes folder.

Show facies in all loaded layers

This is a new checkbox in the facies options dialog. It enables you to view the selected facies in all the layers loaded on the Organizer.

Bug Fixes and Enhancements

The section contains a selected list of the fixes and enhancements in PetroMod 2014.1 that we think will be of most interest to users.

Module Issue ID Description PetroMod 1D

2615153 When calibration data is plotted, for example on a depth plot, the calibration data is now shown on the legend.

PetroBuilder 2D and

PetroBuilder 3D

10057633 The Create Heatflow Maps from McKenzie Crustal Model process now correctly handles multiple rift phases: The temperature distribution at the end of the post-rift phase is taken as input for the next stretching phase.

2663446 When you assign an erosion map to a layer with sublayers, PetroBuilder 2D and PetroBuilder 3D now use the deposited thickness to calculate the thicknesses of the sublayers. This makes erosion handling in the PetroBuilders consistent with erosion handling in the Simulator.

PetroBuilder 2D

2562161 You can now import gridded data as maps using the Import Wizard.

PetroBuilder 3D

2650671 The performance of PetroBuilder 3D has been improved to speed up the display of models that contain facies refinement. 10005944 When you switch between Simulation Preview and Model View,

the legend now updates as expected. PetroCharge

Express

10058366 In the Options menu, Biodegradation Options is now greyed out when the project contains no biodegradation relevant

Module Issue ID Description Well Editor

10009238 The Import Well Data dialog shows any conflicts between your existing well data and the data you are importing. To make it easier to identify the conflicts, the well folders in the dialog are now expanded by default.

Simulator

2640687 When an open fault ends at the top of an accumulation, the hydrocarbons now breakthrough as expected.

10049010 The secondary cracking masses are now correctly tracked for models with erosion and the mass balance is correctly shown in PetroReport.

Viewer 2D

10028130 The Break Through Path overlay now shows the reinjection cells.

10021884 When you export the depth overlay (File > Export Data), areas of the layer with zero thickness are now also exported.

Viewer 3D

2650671 The performance of Viewer 3D has been improved to speed up the display of models that contain facies refinement.

10028985 Expanding a model folder on the Project pane is now faster. PetroReport

10051325 Local Grid Refinement models (parent and child models) now show the correct mass balances in PetroReport.

PetroRisk

10054557 The Save Risk File As function in the File menu has been renamed to Export Risk File. Use this function to export the risk parameters to another model.

Known Issues

All Modules

Issue ID 2541011: GUI does not update correctly under Windows Vista and Windows 7

When running PetroMod on Windows Vista or Windows 7 with a non-Aero theme, the GUI often fails to update correctly.

Workaround:

Change the theme to Aero:

1. Right-click on the Desktop and select Personalize. The Personalization dialog will open. 2. Select Window Color and Appearance. The Appearance Settings dialog will open. 3. Select “Windows Aero” and click OK.

Project Anonymizer

Issue ID 10028740: Projects with data at x,y coordinates of 0,0 are not anonymized

If any of the data in your project has an x,y coordinate of 0,0 (for example, a well, or the origin of a model) none of the coordinates in any of the models in that project will be anonymized.

PetroMod 1D

Issue ID N/A: 1D Extractions from PetroBuilder models with multiple erosions

Due to differences in the Age Table concept, PetroMod 1D cannot properly handle extractions from PetroBuilder 2D and PetroBuilder 3D models with multiple erosions.

Issue ID 10057418: Combined overlays can cause PetroMod 1D to crash after a simulation run

The following workflow causes PetroMod 1D to crash: 1. Simulate the model.

2. Create a combined overlay on one or more of the plots. 3. Simulate the model again.

Workaround:

Before you simulate the model in step 3, make sure the current overlay on each plot is one of the default PetroMod overlays. Simply closing the plot before re-simulation is not

sufficient.

Issue ID 10059199: Simulation aborts when thrusted layer is a source rock

If your model contains a thrusted source rock layer, the simulation aborts with the message:

ERROR: Components are not consistent with the risk settings! Workaround:

Manually assign the kinetic in the Main input table of the thrust model.

1. Deactivate thrusting (clear the Use thrusting table check box in the Thrusting tool). 2. Add the kinetic to the Main input table of the thrust model.

3. Reactivate thrusting. 4. Simulate the model.

PetroBuilder 2D

Issue ID N/A: “Save as” function does not save simulator settings

When you save a model using the “Save as” function, the simulator settings are not saved. Make sure you check the simulator settings in these models after saving them.

Issue ID 2539364: Holes in gridded faults

When a fault consists of two or more segments, the gridding algorithm might grid them as separate faults. As a result, there could be gaps in gridded faults.

Workaround:

Ensure that faults consist of only one segment before gridding.

Issue ID 2523052: No session control

There is no session control in PetroBuilder 2D, i.e. it is not possible to save sessions and load sessions.

Issue ID 10053555: PetroBuilder 2D crashes if you open a non-model folder

When you open a model with File > open or the Open icon and select a folder that is not a PetroMod model, PetroBuilder 2D crashes.

PetroBuilder 3D

Issue ID 2492780: Imported facies maps must have same origin as model

This issue occurs when the origin of an imported IRAP Ascii facies map is different from the origin of your model. When the map is converted, PetroBuilder re-grids the map from draft resolution to model resolution. The re-gridding process grids the facies map to the origin of the model, resulting in the loss of the defined area of the imported map.

Issue ID 2539018: Default Layout function

After re-arranging several windows, the Default Layout function does not always restore the layout as expected.

Issue ID 2542275: Extraction and injection points are not set correctly in Map View.

When the user tries to set an extraction point or injection point in Map View, the points are either set in the wrong place or are not visible.

Workaround:

Set the points in 3D View.

Issue ID 2523052: No session control

There is no session control in PetroBuilder 3D, i.e. it is not possible to save sessions and load sessions.

Issue ID N/A: “Save as” function does not save simulator settings

See the description of the same known issue in PetroBuilder 2D.

Issue ID 2640624: Display of negative thickness values

When you open the Edit Layer Thickness tool, negative thicknesses are displayed in red. However, depending on the resolution, some small areas of negative thickness might not be displayed in red. Also, single grid points with negative thickness might not be displayed in red.

Issue ID 10007105: Re-gridding process does not re-grid the model correctly

The Regrid Model process allows you to regrid a model according to a sampling factor. When you enter a sampling factor, PetroMod calculates the new grid resolution in the X and Y directions.

This calculation does not work correctly. For example, your original model has a grid resolution of 101 in both the X and Y directions. You want to regrid the model with a sampling factor of 2. The new grid resolution should be 51. However, the Regrid Model process calculates a new X and Y resolution of 50, which is incorrect (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Incorrect grid resolution after entering a sampling factor of 2

Workaround:

Manually enter the correct grid resolution into the Grid resolution x and Grid resolution

y fields. In most cases, this means adding 1 to the calculated values.

Lithology Editor

Issue ID N/A: Mixing lithologies

 When you mix lithologies to create a new lithology, permeabilities defined by multipoint models are not mixed correctly. In particular, this affects mixes of standard lithologies. After mixing, lithology permeability settings should be checked and manually adjusted as required.

 Formulae cannot be used when mixing lithologies.

 Problems may arise when mixing two or more properties from different theoretical schemes (e.g. Athy’s depth law for compaction and Schneider’s effective stress formulation for compaction).

Simulator

Issue ID 2620221: PetroReport shows incorrect values for TecLink models

Although this issue is visible in PetroReport, the cause of the issue is in the Simulator which, in some cases and depending on the model, can generate incorrect mass balance values.

Issue ID 2638589: 2D diagonal faults on parallel processors

Simulating 2D diagonal faults using the Hybrid or Darcy migration method on parallel processors causes errors. When this occurs, the Simulator stops with an error message. Workaround:

Simulate the model on a single processor. Or

Use the special option Odfg 0 to switch off diagonal faults.

Issue ID 2626329: Incorrect accumulation column heights

When a closed or partially open fault (FCP fault) runs through a flowpath layer, the accumulations on either side of the fault might have different column heights. This issue can occur for models simulated using either the Hybrid or Darcy migration method.

Issue ID N/A: Convection does not work with locally refined volumetric faults

For convection through faults, use the Volumetric Elements option in the Simulator interface (PetroFlow > Fault Method).

Issue ID N/A: 3D faults extending beyond AOI cause the simulator to crash on IP runs

When simulating a 3D model with invasion percolation, the simulation crashes if the faults extend beyond the model’s AOI.

Workaround:

Crop the faults in PetroBuilder 3D to ensure they do not extend beyond the AOI.

Issue ID 2619106: Open volumetric faults running underneath reservoirs do not drain accumulations

This issue occurs when a model is simulated using the following Simulator settings:

Fault method: Volumetric faults

Migration method: Hybrid

Figure 2 shows an open volumetric fault running underneath a reservoir layer (yellow). The reservoir contains an oil and a gas accumulation. The hydrocarbons should have drained out of the reservoir through the open fault.

Figure 2 Hydrocarbons should have drained out of the reservoir

Issue ID N/A: Faults ending at the top of an accumulation cause a breakthrough even when the seal is intact

When a fault runs through an accumulation and finishes by running along the horizon at the top of the accumulation, the Simulator allows hydrocarbons to migrate through the top of the fault and out of the reservoir, even if the overlying seal is intact (Figure 3).

Figure 3 The expected accumulation (green dotted line) is empty.

Workaround:

Make sure that faults ending at the top horizon of an accumulation do not continue along the horizon. Pay particular attention to the gridded model: Even if your pre-grid fault ends exactly at the horizon, the gridding algorithm might extend the fault along the horizon to the next grid point. In this case, edit the pre-grid fault as required and re-grid the model.

Issue ID 2646729: Invasion Percolation paths occur too far below the source rock

When you simulate a model with the Invasion Percolation migration method, the Invasion Percolation migration paths might travel too far downwards below the source rock.

Workaround:

Re-simulate the model using the special option Odfg 0. This option disables the diagonal faults.

Issue ID 10058516: Simulation run exits due to nan masses

If you simulate a model using a kinetic with Langmuir adsorption and a sorption value of zero for each of the components (i.e. the sum of the sorption values is zero), the Simulator exits with the message:

Workaround:

In the Kinetics Editor:

1. Select the kinetic on the Kinetics pane.

2. Open the Adsorption tab and set the Bulk adsorption model to Constant factor. Alternative workaround:

In the Kinetics Editor:

1. Select the kinetic on the Kinetics pane.

2. In the General tab, set the Sorption of one of the components to a minimum value, e.g. 00001.

Viewer 2D

Issue ID N/A: Gaps in 2D Models in Viewer 2D

Gaps can appear when viewing 2D models in Viewer 2D. This is a purely visual problem due to current limitations in Viewer 2D. The simulated model itself is complete and does not have any gaps. The gaps occur at locations where the cross-section turns through an angle and the turning point does not lie on a grid point (Figure 4).

2D View 3D View

Figure 4 Gaps in Viewer 2D

The diagram on the right is from Viewer 2D looking down on the cross section of a 2D model (in the 3D View tab). The red rectangles mark the locations where the cross-section turns through an angle. The green line is a pre-grid horizon and represents the cross-section as entered by the user in PetroBuilder 2D. The black line is the cross-cross-section as represented in Viewer 2D. You can see that the cross section in Viewer 2D does not turn at the same location as the pre-grid horizon. This is because the turning point of the pre-grid horizon does not lie on a grid point. Viewer 2D shifts the turning point to the adjacent grid point which results in gaps at these locations. As mentioned above, this is a visualization problem only, there are no gaps in the simulated model.

Add grid points at each point where the cross-section turns through an angle. The easiest way is to insert a grid point for each cross-section point:

1) Open PetroBuilder 2D and load your model.

2) In the Processes pane, expand the Grid folder and double-click on Modify Grid

Points.

3) Right-click anywhere in the Grid Points table and select Insert Points from

Cross Section. There will now be a grid point for each cross-section point.

4) Click Start to apply the new grid points .

Viewer 3D

Issue ID 2515868: Selecting percolation accumulations

Move the cursor near a percolation accumulation in 3D View and click with the left mouse button. The percolation is selected even though the cursor is not on the accumulation.

Issue ID N/A: Filter accumulations according to Flash calculations

The option for filtering accumulations according to the results of Flash calculations does not work correctly.

Issue ID 10039251: Isobody cut plane is hollow

PetroCharge Express

Issue ID N/A: Application remains in waiting mode for a long time after opening a file

When loading files from a network drive, PetroCharge Express often does not respond for a long time.

Workaround:

Use Files > Open Project (Quick mode).

PetroRisk

Issue ID 10059559: Risk overlays are toggled off by default

The risk overlays in the Risk menu are toggled off by default. To generate these overlays in the simulation run, you must toggle them on before you simulate the model.

PetroReport

Issue ID 10023700: Incorrect report balance for IP migration with polygons

When you simulate a model with the IP migration method and use polygons in PetroReport, the balance calculations for the polygons are incorrect.

Issue ID 10050383: Incorrect report balance for IP migration with light components

When you simulate a model with the IP migration method, the mass balance of light components is (in some cases) incorrect.

Video Producer

Issue ID 10059013: Cannot use user-defined color schemes

System Requirements

Hardware requirements

Processor 2 x Intel E5-26xx v2 CPUs

Memory 32 GB RAM

Disk space 5GB of free disk space

Graphics Nvidia Quadro K5000

Network card 1000 Mbit NIC

For laptops (e.g. Dell M4800)

Processor Intel Core I7-4600M 2.9 GHz

Memory 16 GB RAM

Disk space 5GB of free disk space

Graphics Nvidia Quadro K2100M

For Linux clusters

Processor 2 x Intel E5-26xx v2 CPUs (8 core or more)

Memory 128 GB RAM

Disk space 5GB of free disk space

Network card 1 or 10 GBit NIC

Infiniband (optional) Mellanox Connect X3 Pro - FDR

Software requirements

Microsoft Windows 7

RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.6 / 6.3 or later

Microsoft.NET Framework

Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 runtime environment

IMPORTANT for Windows users: Only the Nvidia driver versions 295.73 and later

provide built-in support for PetroMod. We strongly recommend installing these drivers to ensure optimal visualization and avoid visualization problems.

IMPORTANT for RHEL 5 Users: PetroMod 2014 is the last version to support Red Hat 5.

Future versions of PetroMod, starting with PetroMod 2015, will only support Red Hat 6. Warning for RHEL 5 users: Due to known issues concerning the instability of OpenGL

graphics, PetroMod only supports local rendering on 3D graphic cards with stable graphic drivers. Rendering via a network could cause stability issues. In particular, we observed problems with the Mesa OpenGL package that is delivered with RHEL5 and works as a fall-back when no other driver is installed.

Warning for Linux users: Do not change the GUI style of your window manager (for

example via qtconfig) while PetroMod is running. If you do, PetroMod could crash.

Note for RHEL 6 users: when you start a RHEL5 PetroMod executable on RHEL6, the

following message appears in the message log:

Unable to load library icui18n "Cannot load library icui18n: (icui18n: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)"

You can ignore the message.

Note for Microsoft Windows users: When running PetroMod on Windows 7 with a

non-Aero theme, the GUI often fails to update correctly. Change the theme to “non-Aero” to resolve this issue (see also Issue ID 2541011 in the Known Issues section).

Note for Microsoft Windows 7 and RHEL 5.6 / 6.3 or laterusers: We recommend

installing the latest graphics drivers available from Nvidia or ATI to avoid OpenGL graphic display errors. In most cases the driver version that comes with the operating system is quite old. Moreover, generic drivers are used when the graphics hardware is not recognized correctly during installation of the operating system. These drivers only support basic functionality and do not offer the OpenGL features required by

PetroMod. Please be aware that most onboard graphics hardware does not support OpenGL at all. A dedicated graphics card is required for PetroMod.

Recommended: If your notebook has an integrated graphic unit in the processor (GPU), as

is the case with the Intel Sandy Bridge processor, we recommend disabling the GPU in the BIOS. This will help you avoid performance problems and visualization errors.

Licensing

Licenses are required to access PetroMod. Certain functionalities or modules are only available with the respective licenses.

All new PetroMod 2014.1 licenses require a dongle. If you currently use PetroMod 2013 (or earlier) and are purchasing additional PetroMod 2014.1 licenses, you will also need a dongle. MAC based HOSTIDs for new PetroMod licenses are only available with special approval from your Schlumberger account manager.

Contact your Schlumberger Account Manager to obtain the necessary licenses and dongle. Maintenance contracts are usually yearly contracts, renewed at any time during the year. Prior to PetroMod 2012, PetroMod licenses allowed you to step up to a new PetroMod version based on the PetroMod license expiration date without having a valid maintenance contract. Beginning with PetroMod 2012, upgrades are based on your maintenance contract expiration date. This is how you read the new licensing format:

FEATURE petrobuilder3D slbsls <yyyy.mm> <dd-mmm-yyyy> <#> Where

• <yyyy.mm> is the maintenance expiration year and month • <dd-mmm-yyyy> is the license expiration day, month, year • <#> is the number of licenses

Maintenance renewal is required to run any PetroMod version released after your maintenance expiration date. You will be automatically contacted by Schlumberger Information Systems before your maintenance expires.

Support

To submit a support request:

1. Visit the Schlumberger Software website at http://www.software.slb.com 2. Click Support on the menu bar.

3. Login or Register

The support page offers these services:

4. Submit your support request in one of these ways:

Create a ticket Click My Tickets to create a ticket that will be sent to the Customer Care Center.

In the ticket, you must specify the  software product

 version  platform.

Data Exchange

Use this service to attach files to a ticket or upload files via Secure File Transfer.

 Click Data Exchange

 Enter the Ticket Incident Number and your email address  Select the HTML or Java Applet UI upload method

– HTML has a default file size limit of 2GB – Java has no file size limit.

Telephone Click Call us to find the telephone numbers of support personnel in your region.

E-Mail Send an email to [email protected]  Subject

– Software product (e.g. PetroMod)  Email content

– Product version

– Module (e.g. PetroBuilder 3D) – Description of the issue

– How you have tried to solve the issue – Screenshots

– Your phone number and email address.

Additional Help Information

PetroMod provides the following help information:

 The PDFs of the user guide, installation guide, and release notes are included in the installer and can be downloaded on the PetroMod Documentation page of the Schlumberger Support Portal.

 Task and process specific information is available via these buttons in PetroMod.

The PetroMod Help Center provides online access to the user guides and links to the

Schlumberger Software website. Open the Help Center from the Help menu in any PetroMod module.