abt meter

MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION CO. LTD.PUNE

DIN E ISO 9001: 2000 PRESENTATION BY 400 KV R.S. , Jejuri

S.M. BAKRE , M.E. , M.M.S.

Basic Concepts

Electromechanical or

Ferrari Meters

• The First

Generation

meters based on

rotation of

Aluminum disk

within current

coil and pressure

coil.

Static Meter

Tamper can not be detected.

ABT Meters

•

ABT means

Availability

The term ‘Availability’ of ABT

• Indicates that the power MW

should be available.

• It may specifically be noted that

energy charge (at the specified

plant-specific rate) is not based on actual

generation and plant output, but on

Availability as a base

• For example if the rated capacity of

generator is 50 MW out of which 30 MW generation is available , the base for billing would be 30 MW and not 50 MW. 30 MW

would be scheduled generation for calculating deviation if any. If 20 MW power is generated instead of scheduled 30 MW , the penalty of 30-20 = 10 MW would be imposed as UI

ABT Concept

• Traditional Concept :-

dw / dt

• Modern Concept :-

dw/df . df/dt

• dw/df :- ABT Meters

• df./dt :- Frequency Trend

Underfrequency Relay (UFR)

• UFR Settings

• 48.8 Hz

• 48.6 Hz

• 48.2 Hz

Frequency Trend Relay ( FTR )

•df/ dt

Implementation of ABT

was recommended

initially at Central

Generating Stations in the

year 1994 by M/s ECC of

USA under the study

sponsored by World Bank

and Asian Development

ABT tries to improve a quality of power and curtail the following

•

Unacceptable rapid and high

frequency deviations

•

Frequent grid disturbances which

result in generator tripping ,

power outages and grid

instability.

•

The pricing of power is made

ABT Operation and Billing &

Payment Mechanism

•

The SEB‟s give the LD its

requirement in 15-minute

blocks for the next day.

•

At the same time the CGS

stations also provide the LD

their 15-minute availability

ABT Operation and Billing &

Payment Mechanism

Based on the declared demand

and available supply, the LD

provides a schedule to the

SEB‟s and the CGS for drawl

and generation in

15-minute

ABT Operation and Billing &

Payment Mechanism

•

Based on the drawl

and generation

positions of the SEBs

and the CGS stations,

the UI bill is

The Three-part ABT Tariff

•

Fixed Charge

: This is

payable by the beneficiary

states based on the

capacity allocated to them,

and is irrespective of the

amount of power they draw

or schedule to draw

The Three-part ABT Tariff

•

Energy Charge

:

All the

scheduled energy that is

drawn is charged as per

the variable energy

charge of the station

from which power is

being drawn.

The Three-part ABT Tariff

•

UI Charge

: The UI

(Unscheduled Interchange)

charge is levied on those

units of energy that are a

deviation from the

schedule. This UI charge is

frequency dependent.

Billed Amount

•

Billed

Amount =

Fixed

Charge

+ Energy

Charge

+ UI Charge

The energy is metered in

15-minute

time blocks, since frequency keeps

changing (and the UI rate with it). The

metered energy is then compared

with the scheduled energy for that

15-minute time block, and the difference

(+ or -) becomes the UI energy.

Corresponding UI rate is determined

by taking the average frequency for

the same 15-minute time block into

ABT Meter

s

•

„ Intelligent „

meters

•

Based on

„polled

approach „

Principle of working of ABT meter

• The energy is recorded in terms of

pulses per kWh . The principle of

working of static ABT meter is sampling . The voltage and current

singles are received from PT and CT

respectively .The samples of these signal at a particular instant are collected

by Sample and Hold circuit . The

phase difference between voltage and current is also found out . These values are analogue values .

Principle of working of ABT meter

accepts digital signals . Therefore , the analogue signals are converted to digital by the circuit called ADC [Analogue to

digital converter].The CPU processes these input signals for finding KVA [VI] , kWh [ VI cos  ] , RKVA [ VI sin  ] and other parameters . In order to measure the

energy in terms of units , the circuit Energy to frequency converter is

provided. The energy is converted into pulses . The counter counts number of pulses .

 ( I₁ 2_{+ I} 2 2 + I3 2 +I4 2 ……….. +In 2 ) I_RMS = ---  n  ( V₁ 2 _{+ V} 2 2 + V3 2 +V4 2 ……….. +Vn 2 ) V_RMS = ---  n V₁ I₁ + V₂ I₂ + V₃ I₃ +V₄ I₄ ……….. +V_n I_n W = --- n W cos  = --- V_RMS I_RMS

Functional Block Diagram of

ABT Meter

3 Phase , 4 Wire Meters

[ 3 wattmeter method ]

3 Phase , 4 Wire Meters

W = W1 + W2 + W3

=

VI cos



+ VI cos



+ VI cos



General

General arrangement

• Keypad - 12 numeric

plus * and # keys.

• LCD Display – 4 row X

20 characters

• Optical Port – RS232

electrically apart

• Metering Module –

with sliding guides.

• Calibrated LEDs – for

dial test. • MD Reset button - sealable • RJ-11 Port - RS-485 interface with MODBUS.

METER TESTING LAB

SETUP

• Program the AC Power Source to

generate a particular waveform.

• Configure the reference meter.

• Set the pulse counter to zero.

• Turn ON / OFF the switch I at the

beginning / end of the test.

METER TESTING LAB

SETUP

ABT Meter Testing

• Dial Test - No. of

blinkings per kWh • Accuracy Test -

0.2

• Min. Current test

Test Terminal Block

(TTB)

Manufacturers of

ABT meters

Status of ABT meters at 400

KV Jejuri SS

Feeder / ICT Type Category

400 KV Lonikand MFM T2T 400 KV Stg IV MFM T2T ICT – HV Side ABT T2T ICT – LV Side ABT T2T 220 KV Baramati MFM T2T 220 KV Jejuri I MFM T2T 220 KV Jejuri II MFM T2T 220 KV Phursingi MFM T2T

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

These meters are capable of

storing data

. Therefore , the

features such as load survey

, energy history , tamper

data etc is available. If the

meter is stopped or tampered

, the evidence is recorded .

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

These meters

have higher

accuracy

of the

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

These meters are

capable of displaying

energy as per

applicable

tariff

I.e.

TOD and ABT tariff.

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

In the advent of

load survey data , it

is possible to

monitor the

consumption

pattern.

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

Using

polled approach

,

the CPU detects

abnormality in the

metering system.

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

The

starting current

of

is very less i.e. 0.1 % of

base current. Thus 1 A

meter will record

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

The ABT meters have self

diagnostic

feature by which

any error developed in the

inside component can be

detected. This feature checks

that the data stored in the

meter is safe and not

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

These meters are

user

friendly.

•

The display parameters are

easy

to understand.

•

Push button operation to read

display parameters is easy.

•

Data retrieval through MRI [

Meter Reading Instrument ] is

simple .

Advantages of ABT

Meters

Advantages of ABT Meters

•

Remote

data retrieval

possible through

internet and mobile.

•

Can be used in

AMR

[

Automatic Meter

Reading ]

“OPEN ACCESS”,

“WHEELING”

“Open access” and “wheeling” generally

involve two parties, one supplying a

certain quantum of power to the other

through the regional / State grid. Any such

transaction involves a number of parties,

and disputes could arise in scheduling,

energy accounting and commercial

settlement, unless an appropriate

framework is in place.

“OPEN ACCESS”,

“WHEELING”

Suppose party - A has contracted to supply 10 MW round the clock to party -

B (in the same State) at a certain price (which need not be disclosed to

others), through the State grid. Suppose the transmission loss apportioned to this transaction has been determined as 0.5 MW. Party - B would then be

entitled to receive 9.5 MW, provided party - A is actually injecting 10.0 MW into the State grid at its end. In actual operation, both injection by A and drawl by B may fluctuate over the day and the differential may vary from 0.5 MW. Who would pick up the commercial liability arising on account of these deviations? Since A and B are physically apart and operationally independent, a pragmatic solution for commercial treatment in such a case would be to

meter the actual injection of A and actual drawl of B in 15-minute time blocks, and separately compute their deviations from their respective schedules (10.0 MW / 2.5 MWh for A and 9.5 MW / 2.375 MWh for B).

4 Quadrant Import Export Meter

Q2

Export

Lead

Q1

Import Lag

Q3

Export Lag

Q4

Import Lead

ABT Specifications

Parameter Value

Standard

_{IEC 687 , CBIP 88}

Definition

Type of meter

Voltage Rating 400KV to 11KV/110 /3 V Temperature 27 0_C

ABT Specifications

Parameter

Value

Current Rating 1 Amp

Maximum Current [ 200 % of Ib ] 2 Amp Minimum Current [ 0.1 % of Ib ] 1 mA Class Of Accuracy _0.2

Frequency

50 Hz [ +- 5% ]

ABT Specifications

Display Parameters

1 ] 3 Voltages - Vr , Vy , Vb 2 ] 3 Currents - I r , Iy , Ib

3 ] Kwh Import &

4 ] Rkvah [ Lead ] Export modes 5 ] Rkvah [ Lag ]

6 ] Kvah

7 ] Date and Time 8 ] Power Factor 9 ] KVA MD

ABT Specifications

•

Modes of MD Reset

Load Survey Data

•

60 days data

on FIFO

•

Integration

period of 15

minutes

•

LS reset

available

• Date and Time

•

kWh

KVAH

KVA [ MD ]

Tamper Data

•

Meter CPU generates tamper

events on polled approach.

•

At least 320 tamper events

should be memorized.

•

Current Tamper

•

CT Reverse

•

CT Short

Tamper Data

•

Voltage Tamper

•

PT Missing

•

PT Low

•

Power Tamper

•

Meter bypass

ABT Specifications

• Minimum retention time for NV

RAM >= 10 Years

• Total Energy for billing = true

energy + harmonic energy

• Principle of working – sampling

• PCB – SMT [ Surface mounting

Surface Mount Technology

[ SMT ]

Specifications of MRI

standard IEC 1109 CBIP 111 ANSI

Communication UART , RS-232 , RS-485

rate of data transfer 130 bps [ bits per second ] to 115 Kbps.

Battery 7.2 Volts , 800 mah ‘Nickel Cadmium ‘ battery

Maintenance of MRI

• Charging of MRI is the main

maintenance activity to be carried out. For 8 hour working , the MRI should be charged for 1 hour.

• If the MRI is not in use , it should be

charged once in a week .

• It should be checked at least within a

month that all MRI commands are working properly .

• Clean the surface of MRI with smooth

MRI Commands

The following disturbances are

recorded by ABT meter

:-•

· Harmonics

•

· Voltage dips and short

interruptions

•

· Conducted transients

•

· DC & AC magnetic fields

•

· Electromagnetic fields

Energy Management Software

EMS

•

The EMS is provided at all

substations , Central Monitoring

Station [ LD ] , Corporate / Zone /

Circle / Division Office . The EMS

is implemented for monitoring

energy at interface points with

inter-state / intra-state grid

including all incoming & outgoing

feeders / transformers / ICTs .

Energy Management Software

EMS

• The ABT / MFM meters are installed

at the required points . The system software automatically collects data from these meters . The metering system is provided with RS485 communication port [ in form of RJ11 connector on its back ] . The communication cable has RJ11-to-RJ11 configuration. The data is collected online on RS485 MODBUS protocol.

Energy Management

Software EMS

• The data is made available at

substations at the refreshing rate of 5 min using multiplexer or Data Concentrator Unit [ DCU ] and interfacing devices. The DCU stores 5 min. data for 30 days [ on FIFO ] basis . The reports can be generated. The EMS at LD has an access to their existing database i.e. Oracle 10g.

The system comprises of the

following components

• Energy meters [ ABT and MFM ] at each

substation.

• Data Concentrator Unit [ DCU ] at each

substation.

• Global Positioning System [ GPS ] on PC

at each substation.

• Data Acquisition Software [ DAS ] at

each substation MYSQL as backend database.

• Networking [ switches and cables ] at

each substation.

• EMS at LD with access to their existing

Pin Configuration

No Pin Description

1 VR Red Phase Voltage

2 VY Yellow Phase Voltage 3 VB Blue Phase Voltage 4 IRIN Red Phase Current IN 5 IROUT Red Phase Current OUT 6 IYIN Yellow Phase Current IN 7 IYOUT Yellow Phase Current OUT 8 IBIN Blue Phase Current IN

9 IBOUT Blue Phase Current OUT 10 VN System neutral

Pin Configuration

No Pin Description

11 Vac(L) Auxiliary AC Supply ( Live ) 12 Vac(N) Auxiliary AC Supply ( Neutral ) 13 Vdc(+) Auxiliary DC Supply ( Positive ) 14 Vdc(-) Auxiliary DC Supply ( Negative ) 15 г Earth connection

Reports Generation

•

PC Software

•

Instantaneous

Data

•

Billing Data

•

Load Survey

Data

•

Tamper Data

Reports generated by EMS

•

Energy Loss Report

•

Voltagewise Energy Loss

Report

•

Transformerwise Energy

Loss Report

•

Power ON/OFF Report

Reports generated by EMS

• Min-Max report for current , voltage

, MW , MVAR , PF < frequency.

• Transformer Loading Report

• Alarm Report.

• Meter Replacement Report

• Load Survey Report

• Load Shedding Report [ manual data

entry ]

CEA Regulations on Installation &

Operation of meters

•

MEAA

– Meter for energy

audit & accounting

MIT

-Meter for interface

tariff

ABT Metering in MSETCL

• Interstate ABT Metering

• Intra-state ABT Metering

• No of ABT / MFM meters = 9000

• No. of interface locations = 1500

Basics of Tulip

Communication

Network Connectivity

Devices

Modem

• Performs

modulation

and

Repeater

• Perform

amplification

of the signal to

reduce

attenuation.

Hubs

• Hub is the

multiport

repeater

Bridge

•Connects

two

different

networks

Multiplexer ( MUX )

• Combines

two or more

signals on

high speed

transmission

media

Switches

• Connects /

disconnects

internet

Routers

•Intelligent

Brouters

•Routers

that

follow all

protocols

Ensure that

• Proper earthing is

done.

• Network switch is ‘

ON ‘

• UPS is ‘ ON

How to test Tulip connectivity ?

• Contact ‘ ABT Room ‘ at SLDC , Kalwa

• At Substation end , make following operations

on ABT PC –

• Click on ‘ Start ‘ button . • Click on ‘ Run ‘

• Type the word ‘ CMD’ and click ‘ OK ‘ .

• Type ‘ IPCONFIG ‘ and press enter button. • Type ‘ PING_code ‘ and press enter button. • The indication ‘healthy ‘ indicates healthiness

Check tulip configuration

• Visit the following website :-

www.myconnect.tulipconnect.com

• Enter the following :-

username :- 6086

Maintenance of ABT-Tulip

System

• AC/DC supply of PC / DCU /Tulip Devices

should not be switched off in any case.

• The power points should be dedicated and

should not be used for other purpose such as mobile charging .

• GPS should be always charged and running • The clock of meter /PC/MRI should be

Maintenance of ABT-Tulip

System

• Ping test should be conducted daily to

ensure that the data is transmitted to SLDC Kalwa at ping 172.16.0.1

• Any change in CTPT ratio should be

configured in ABT meter and PC. The CC tool should be used for this purpose.

• No new transformer should be taken in

Maintenance of ABT-Tulip

System

• The wiring should be proper and should not

be disturbed.

• The installation should be neat-clean and

free from dust.

• In case AC supply is to be switched off , the

PC should be shut down properly.

• In case of CT/PT/ meter failure , proper

Maintenance of ABT-Tulip

System

• Data should be retrieved using MRI on first

date of the month particularly in respect of T2G feeder.

Problems with ABT /

Tulip

• ‘

No display ‘ problem.

• Delay in Report Generation

• MRI / MRI Software / Training not given

• PC not working . Antivirus not installed.

• The Tulip link is not healthy .

Problems with ABT

• Energy Audit of Lines is not calculated.

• Power ON/OFF Reports - EHV Substations have bus PT and not line PT. Therefore the logic

should be only ‘ Current OFF ‘ and not ‘ Voltage OFF ‘ or ‘Power OFF ‘ .

• ABT meters operate on auxiliary AC/DC supply . However , at almost all substations , ABT

meters are connected on DC . This may create problem when there is DC leakage.

Problems with ABT

• UPS of ABT trips on overvoltage /

undervoltage at EHV substations . Therefore , it is required to provide stabilizer instead of UPS.

Roadblocks in ABT meter commissioning

• At generating stations , the LV of generating transformer is connected directly to 33 KV bus. No CT / PT are provided.

• There is no adequate space in switchyard for providing CT/PT.

• Metering core not available in CTs. • 5 A CT are provided and not 1 A.

• It is difficult to install ABT meter on outdoor panels.

Commissioning of RTU

• RTU – Remote terminal Units

• DC – data concentrators

• Contract given to M/s Siemens vide

MSETCL/CO/CE/CRA/RTU/T-0907/7088 dt

31-5-08.

Connectivity with ERP

System

• The Data Centers of

ERP are connected to Tulip Hub at SLDC

kalwa .

• The substations are

connected to Tulip Hub.

• The rate of data

transfer is 4 mbps. • The connectivity is established through following servers – • - ISP Router • ( Internet Service Provider ) • - Tulip intra-net service provider router .

Connectivity with ERP

System

Proxy server and Port number

TOD Tariff

TOD

Slot

Shift

A

_{22.00-6.00 -0.75 per Kwh}

B

_{6.00 – 9.00 0}

C

9.00 – 12.00

_{+0.60 per}

_Kwh

B

₀

D

_{1.00 per Kwh}