Chapter II
Chapter II
Review and Related Literature
Review and Related Literature
This chapter focuses on information and related study, This chapter focuses on information and related study, used to help proponents to find some important information used to help proponents to find some important information t
thhaat t iis s asasssoocciiaatteed d aas s rerelleevvaannt t tto o tthhe e ssyysstetem m bbeeiinngg proposed.
proposed.
Foreign Literature Foreign Literature
Th
The e ininfoformrmatatioion n bebelolow w arare e ththe e foforereigign n liliteteraratuturere gathered by the researchers.
gathered by the researchers.
In
In thithis s stustudy dy the the autauthorhors s desdescricribe be the the insinstittitutiution- on-lev
level el perpercepceptiotions ns of of stastakehkeholdeolders rs trantransitsitionioning ing to to a a newnew learning management system (LM!. "e address issues related learning management system (LM!. "e address issues related t
to o chchaannggee, , tthhe e iinnssttiittuuttiioonn##s s aaddmmiinniissttrraattiioon n oof f tthhee tr
tranansisitition on prprococesess, s, prproboblelems ms enencocoununtertereded, , anand d rerealali$i$eded learning via online survey data collection, analysis, and learning via online survey data collection, analysis, and in
inteterprpreretatatiotion. n. "e "e fufurthrther er dedetatail il reresusultlts s of of a a fafacucultltyy su
survrveyey, , whwhicich h sosougught ht to to ilillulumiminanate te ththe e LMLM trtranansisititionon e
e%%ppeerriieennccee. . ThThe e ssuummmmatatiioon n iinncclluuddes es ssuuggggeessttiioonns s ffoorr in
inststititututioions ns as as ththey ey prprepeparare e fofor, r, anand d momove ve ththrorougugh,h, foreseeable LM change and transition.
&merging 'in the mid-))*s. . . Management systems have evolved from somewhat basic collections of disparate applications into intricate, integrated enterprise systems+ (Leslie, **, p. !. lias and /ain 0ddin (**1! defined a learning management system (LM! as 'a software application or "eb-based technology used to plan, implement, and assess a specific learning process+ (p. 2!. Mohawk 3ollege (**)! suggested an 'L.M.. can be broadly described as a web-accessible platform for the 4anytime# delivery, tracking and management of education and training. L.M.s are essentially software running on dedicated hardware+ (p. 1!. ome LMs are now over twenty years old, and much has changed since the first LM arrived on the distance education scene in the mid-))*s.
5ver a period of * years a great deal of change and research has unfolded in all areas of distance education. Turner (*! completed a meta-analysis of 6)1 studies, concluding that distance education research fits 'into three main categories7 (! macro level research focusing on distance education systems and theories8 (! meso level research focusing on management, technology, and organi$ation8 and (! micro level research focusing on teaching and learning in distance education+ (p. 9!. 5ur
ob:ective herein was to add to the macro and meso level by e%amining online instructor perceptions of our institution-level change of a learning management system ("eb3T;<lackboard 3& to <lackboard Learn version!. To do this we undertook a research design and review of literature that would not only meet our needs but also frame our study.
http7;;www.irrodl.org;inde%.php;irrodl;article;view; 6;*=2
Local Literature
The information below are the local literature gathered by the researchers.
&-learning in the >hilippines through the 0se of ffordable, ?igh-@uality, and 3ustom-Aesigned Aevelopment Tools (nne Margrette @. 3accam,
&mmanuel >. <alintec, Banice M. <allesteros, Mabeth M. <orres,
<ienvenido ?. Calang Br., and <illy . >ucyutan of dvanced cience D Technology Institute!
The nd Eational &-learning 3onference defines e-learning as7
'technologically-supported learning, which includes the use of electronic media such as the Internet, personal computers, phone bridging, audio and videotape, video teleconferencing, atellite broadcast, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and other related technologies to enhance teaching and learning.+ ince the start of rapid advances in technology, the need to integrate technological knowledge in education and industry has been recogni$ed. In order to address this need, concept of e-learning has been established. &-learning stands for 4electronic learning that is, associating the utili$ation of electronic materials to learning. Today, the term eLearning has captured a wider scope from the use of >ersonal 3omputers and the Internet to the utili$ation of more advanced applications, as well as devices or tools for more effective teaching and learning. 3urrently, the local academe and industry have incorporated eLearning but most of them are confined to the Internet or are web-based. There is only a small number of Filipinos who have an Internet connection and can avail of its services. The dvanced cience D Technology Institute is the research and development organi$ation of the
>hilippine government, under the Aepartment of cience D Technology (A5T! that is mandated to pursue GDA in the advanced fields of Microelectronics and Information and 3ommunication Technologies (I3T!. The Mobile ystems D pplications Croup (MC! is one of the technical teams in TI whose mission is to acHuire, promote, and transfer knowledge and skills pertaining to wireless mobile technologies. The MC aims to contribute to the field of learning by supporting the concept of integrating e-learning in education and industry. >art of its plan is to encourage collaborative efforts in developing strategies and distributing e-learning tools.
http7;;bl9.bayanihan.gov.ph;downloads;&learning*in *the*>hilippines*through*the*0se*of
*ffordable,*?igh-@uality,*and*3ustom-Aesigned *Aevelopment*Tools.pdf
Foreign Study
The information below are the foreign study gathered by the researchers.
tarting from the general definition that globali$ation is the process of interactions increased at the global level, and of a higher interdependence at the economic, social, technological, cultural, political, ecological, etc. levels, and sharing the idea that globali$ation also refers to the diminishing of distances through technology, language and cultural differences, or to solving some global problems, this work tries to discuss the influence of globali$ation upon intercultural manifestations, upon national and ethnical identities. The evolution of society, namely the Gomanian society imposed specific changes in the school curricula, and also the short and long term strategies. The focus is moving from traditional learning to the creative, innovative and active learning. The curriculum reHuires a fle%ible inter, multi and trans-disciplinary approach. The traditional teaching paradigm is changing to keep pace with the increase in non-traditional students and the changing workforce. s a result school in Gomania, education at superior levels, high-schools, colleges and universities continue to add more distance &ducation courses, education focusing more and more on e-learning.
ma:or tool in the use of educational technology in a creative and innovative manner is the creation of a virtual campus that implements a Learning Management ystem (LM! like <lackboard, "eb3T, EC&L or Moodle. The aim of the hybrid campus is to7
• increase individual oral proficiencies
outside of the classroom
• provide grammar pattern drills and an
individual learning environment
• provide a less intimidating learning
environment
• GeHuire the students to be on task and
to be responsible for their progress.
Thus, Learning Management ystems have the potential to turn the conventional classroom format into a hybrid or blended course format that allows for both collaborative interaction among students (synchronous and asynchronous! and an individual based learning model with self-contained study phases. In addition, they provide a set of tools that support an inHuiry- and discovery-based approach to online learning.
Local Study
The information below are the local literature gathered by the researchers.
tudy on e-Learning for >hilippines
Filipino culture places a high value on education. For the ma:ority of the Filipinos, the only best thing for a child to acHuire and secure a better future is through education. o, they want more effective education system. &-Learning is still an emerging market in the >hilippines. Its use is still sporadic and most users represent only a small segment of the >hilippines education and business communities. The study wants to correct analysis and right direction presentation for >hilippine remote education environment.
Jasarinlan7 >hilippine Bournal of Third "orld tudies
ny attempt to institutionali$e e-learning will prove futile without first attaining its vital reHuisites. n
initial assessment of the >hilippines# e-learning stature both depicts a glooming and changing scenario. Three crucial domains need further reinvigoration7 technology and infrastructure, educational standards and literacy, and government-private sector teamwork. ccess to phone lines, computers and the internet cannot substitute to the greater need to develop the academic well-being of Filipino students. &-learning reHuires higher-order skills and analytical thinking. Gaising the Huality of training of teachers and students is a must to ma%imi$e the promises of Internet technology. The apparent lackluster performance of the Aepartment of &ducation (Aep&d! in providing the basic needs of primary and secondary high schools and the low standard of education seems to be steps backward to this end. &mphasis should be given on raising students# &nglish language proficiency and 4digital fluency#. The public sector cannot carry the burden of forming an e-learning society alone. The government#s collaboration with the private sector in programs such as >G&CIE&T, Fit-&d programs and the TI- and >LAT-sponsored pro:ect testifies to this truth.
http7;;:ournals.upd.edu.ph;inde%.php;kasarinlan;articl e;viewrticle;61)
Synthesis
ccording to the study of Aave &. Marcial, &A030& use a survey Huestionnaire to gather data. The study reveals that the level of prioriti$ation of teaching and learning with technology in ?&Is in the >hilippines is high. ccording to lias and /ain 0ddin (**1!, Learning Management ystem is 'a software application or web-based technology used to plan, implement and assess specific learning process. nd Learning management systems such as Moodle are seen as key strategies to enable education which prepares students for a challenging future.
The researchers believe that the related studies and literature in this research is related on their proposed system which is the 5nline Learning Management ystem. The researchers relate and differentiate the research of other 5nline Learning Management ystem.
