Especialização em Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Uso de Novas Tecnologias

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Especialização em Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Uso de Novas Tecnologias

Módulo III – Metodologia e Gestão de Sala de Aula

Professora: Cíntia Rabello

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Andragogy?

What is it? What does it involve?

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Pedagogy?

What is it? What does it involve?

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Pedagogy & Andragogy

The word comes from the Greek παιδαγωγέω

(paidagōgeō); in which πα ῖς (país, genitive παιδός, paidos) means "child" and άγω (ágō) means

"lead"; so it literally means "to lead the child". (…) The Latin-derived word for pedagogy: child-

instruction, is in modern use in English to refer to

the whole context of instruction, learning, and the

actual operation involved therein, although both

words have roughly the same original meaning.

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Pedagogy & Andragogy

In English the term pedagogy is used to refer to instructive theory; trainee teachers learn their subject and also the pedagogy

appropriate for teaching that subject (…). The appropriate for teaching that subject (…). The late Malcolm Knowles reasoned that the term andragogy is more pertinent when discussing adult learning and teaching. He referred to

andragogy as the art and science of teaching adults.

Source: Wikipedia

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Task 1:

Discuss the following questions:

1) What are the differences in the teaching/learning process involved in EFL to adults and children?

process involved in EFL to adults and children?

2) Which are the easiest to teach: young learners or adults? Why?

3) What are the necessary skills and attitudes an EFL teacher needs to successfully teach young learners?

And adults?

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Adults Children

Needs: aware/short term No awareness/long term

Expectations: High, many Hardly any

Cognition: Abstract Concrete

Language The 4 skills Mainly speaking and listening Language

skills:

The 4 skills Mainly speaking and listening Learning

skills:

Pre-set notions, previous learning experiences

No real strategies, need to be made aware

Memory: Quite developed Not developed

Concentration :

May be high Short concentration span (need for variety and recycling)

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Teaching Young Learners: Dos and Don’ts

Task 2:

Group Discussion

What are the Dos and Don’ts when teaching young learners?

Can we use the same approach to

teach kids and teenagers?

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Teaching kids

• Children are very physical. Their

understanding comes through their hands, eyes and ears;

They need frequent change of activity as they

• They need frequent change of activity as they have very short attention and concentration spans;

• Children love to play and learn best when

enjoying themselves;

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Teaching kids

• Children may be reluctant to share and they love to be praised;

• The more English they are exposed to, the faster they will learn.

faster they will learn.

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Teaching Kids

Avoid grammatical explanations;

Don’t go on with one activity for too long;

Use puppets, toy animals, dolls, songs, drama techniques;

Establish a routine so that learners quickly get used Establish a routine so that learners quickly get used to the idea of cooperation;

Avoid negative feedback and praise a lot;

Put their work up on the walls for everybody to see;

Use English as much as possible in class, also make it simple for their level.

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Teaching teenagers

• We cannot expect any extrinsic motivation;

• They are often hard, but easily broken;

• Teacher approval is no longer of vital importance;

• The teacher may not be the leader;

• They need to be seen in a good light by their peers;

• They can be highly intelligent if stimulated, and

dedicated if involved.

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Teaching Teenagers

Don’t go on with one activity for too long;

Don’t treat them like kids;

Encourage different groupings and seating arrangements in class;

Show interest in them and in their interests;

Use songs, videos and games;

Use different kinds of technological devices;

Use materials that are meaningful to them;

Try to “speak their language”!

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Differences in teaching young learners and adults

Younger learners tend to depend on others for material and psychological support as well as life management. In other words, they are directed by others, while adult learners are self-directed.

others, while adult learners are self-directed.

Children basically learn what they are told to learn

and view it as important because adults have told

them it is so. Adults, however, learn best when they

view the potential outcome to be of personal value to

them.

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Differences in teaching young learners and adults

Young learners have yet to experience much of life, yet they learn quickly.

Adult learners, on the other hand, have experienced life and tend to learn more slowly even though they learn well. Because of the younger learners’

limited experience, they tend to be open to new ideas and will readily take them in.

them in.

Adults, however, have opinions of their own and may reject new

information if it doesn’t “fit” into their life experience. Young people learn because they are told it will benefit them in the future, but adults generally expect the learning to have immediate applicability in their lives. External motivation, such as good grades and praise from parents and teachers, affect younger learners while adults are more motivated intrinsically.

Feelings of achievement, self-worth and self-esteem are more important to adult learners.

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Ten factors in teaching adults

1) The motivation factor 2) The control factor

3) The experience factor

4) The diversity factor

5) The aging factor

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Ten factors in teaching adults

6) The goal factor

7) The relevance factor 8) The habits factor

9) The change factor.

10) The respect factor

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Adult learners: some drawbacks

- They can be critical of teaching methods;

- They may feel anxious and under-confident about learning a language due to previous failure or criticism;

- Many older adults worry that their

intellectual powers may be diminishing with

age.

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Teaching adults

Good teachers of adults take all of these factors into

account. They are ware that their students will often be prepared to stick with an activity for longer than younger learners (…). As well as involving their students in more learners (…). As well as involving their students in more indirect learning through reading, listening and

communicative speaking and writing, they also allow them to use their intelelcts to learn consciously where this is

appropriate. They encourage their students to use their

own life experience in the learning process, too.

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Teaching adults

As teachers of adults we should recognize the

need to minimize the bad effects of past learning experiences. We can diminish the fear of failure experiences. We can diminish the fear of failure by offering activities which are achievable and by paying special attention to the level of challenge presented by exercises. We need to listen to

students’ concerns, too, and, in may cases modify

what we do to suit their learning tastes.

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Teaching adults: Dos and Don’ts

Task 3:

Group Discussion

What are the Dos and Don’ts

when teaching adults?

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Teaching adults

Create a nice and relaxed atmosphere towards learning;

Give them constant feedback and show them a sense Give them constant feedback and show them a sense of progress;

Do play games and use songs according to their interests;

Conduct a need analysis and try to stick to it!

Use real life situations/materials as much as possible.

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Teaching young learners and adults

Task 4:

Work in groups. You are going to get a course Work in groups. You are going to get a course book. Select part of a unit and plan two mini- lessons for it: one aimed at young learners and another to adults (using the same