Information and Communications Technology

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workforce

&

economic

DEVELOPMENT

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE >

Supply and Demand for ICT Occupations

SANTA MONICA

COLLEGE

Information and

Communications

Technology

2014

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1 Information Communications

Technology (ICT) clearly

plays a critical role in

the Los Angeles regional

economy. As a result,

there are numerous

opportunities for Santa

Monica College to expand

current programs and offer

new programs to serve

this growing demand.

The following are some of

the key highlights of this

analysis:

 Although ICT occupations compose 3% of jobs in Los Angeles, they account for 12% of all job postings for October 2013.  ICT industries account for more than

394,000 jobs, which is 7% of all employ-ment in Los Angeles County. Of those, 110,584 jobs, or 28%, are in ICT occupa-tions.

 Among ICT occupations at the postsec-ondary award and certificate level, all occupation groups except for engineer-ing face significant workforce gaps. Computers & IT occupations face the largest gap; there are 841 annual open-ings, compared to 236 average annual completions. Creative occupations are a distant second behind; 791 total com-pleters are available for 1,282 projected job openings, resulting in an annual gap of 491.

 Among ICT occupations at the associate’s level, creative occupations are the largest workforce issue, with 1,134 unmet annual openings. Computers and IT occupations also have a major gap, with 771 unmet annual openings. Business, design and production occupations are also facing large annual gaps, between 300 and 640 jobs. Alternatively, engineering programs appear to be overproducing relative to local demand with an annual surplus of 81 trained workers.

Executive Summary

 Total current employment for ICT occupations in Los Angeles County is over 310,000, which is roughly 5% of all regional employment. Over the past five years, ICT employment has increased by 0.1% annually, which is slightly better than the Los Angeles County average. Over the next five years, ICT employ-ment is projected to increase at nearly the same rate as all employment in Los Angeles County (0.9% for ICT; compared to 1.0% for the county).

 ICT occupations projected to add the most new jobs include market research analysts and marketing specialists, photographers, producers and directors, and computer user support specialists. In terms of percentage growth, several of the ICT occupations are among the top third of all jobs for projected new job growth; these include market research analysts and marketing specialists, data-base administrators, web developers, in-formation security analysts, and network and computer systems administrators.  ICT occupations offer very

competi-tive earnings compared to the regional average for Los Angeles County. At the median, ICT occupations pay $32.38 per hour, which is considerably higher than the regional median of $21.45 per hour.

ICT

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Information and

Communications

Technology

INTRODUCTION

2 The term “Information

and Communications

Technology” (ICT) has

arisen in recent years to

describe a new field of

technology encompassing

traditional information

technology roles with

communications-based

sectors that are rapidly

evolving and converging

with IT. The traditional

responsibility of IT workers

is to maintain businesses’

computers, software,

and to a lesser extent

telecommunications.

Though ICT still contains

such workers, it also

encompasses a wider

array of responsibilities:

information management

and security, hardware

production, user

experience design, and

e-commerce.

Santa Monica College engaged Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) to study the ICT sector in Los Angeles County, with particular focus on current and projected labor market demand. This report contains an analysis of ICT occupa-tions, ICT industries, and an “educational gap analysis” that compares forecasted demand with output being produced by local colleges. What data is not included in the body of the report is included in the appendix.

When discussing employment, it is com-mon to mix the terms “industry” and “occupation,” particularly in fields such as ICT, where there are some components of both. At the outset it is necessary to dif-ferentiate the two. Industries represent a collection of businesses that are similar in the type of product or service that they of-fer to customers. Occupations are defined by the specialized role of an individual

ICT INDUSTRIES

ICT OCCUPATIONS

within a business or as a sole proprietor. There are ICT industries that focus on producing and distributing ICT technolo-gies, and there are ICT occupations that describe the types of workers who are responsible for creating, implementing, or using ICT technologies. As shown in Figure 1, the fields overlap some but also contain some exclusive fields of employ-ment. It is possible for an ICT worker to be employed within an ICT industry (e.g., a software developer working for a mobile app development company), and it is pos-sible for an ICT worker to be employed in a non-ICT industry (e.g., a network adminis-trator working in the finance industry). The intent of this report is to quantify employ-ment for all sectors of the economy that are ICT-related, including both industries and occupations. Greater focus will be given to the occupational side, as SMC is interested in training workers with specific ICT skills rather than training workers for employment within an industry.

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ICT Occupations

The ICT occupations considered in this analysis were selected by EMSI in September 2013 based on direction from SMC staff and research of previous ICT analyses performed by the California Centers of Excellence (CCOE) and the Mid-Pacific Information and Communications Technology Center (MPICTC). ICT takes a unique form in western Los Angeles, with more emphasis on regional eco-nomic drivers such as entertainment, web design, and e-commerce. As such, the occupational cluster defined here contains several occupations that have not been considered in previous analyses of the ICT workforce. Another key difference is that previous analyses captured a wider group of occupations, which were split between “primary” and “secondary” ICT workers. For the sake of simplicity and accuracy, just one group of ICT occupations is included in this analysis.

The occupations listed in Table 1 are based on 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes. There are 30 occupations in the group, many of which (13) are in the 15-1100 SOC series, which contains “computer occupations.” The re-mainder are engineering, design, business, production, or creative occupations. The cluster of engineering jobs are an essential component, as these individuals work closely with designers and software de-velopers in the creation of computer and telecommunications equipment. In the world of employment, these occupations can go by many different names. To pro-vide further guidance on how a particular lay title may be aligned with these SOC codes Table A6 of the appendix displays alternate job titles for each SOC code.

TABLE 1: LIST OF ICT OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Description

11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts

15-1122 Information Security Analysts 15-1131 Computer Programmers

15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software 15-1134 Web Developers

15-1141 Database Administrators

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 15-1143 Computer Network Architects

15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists 15-1152 Computer Network Support Specialists 15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other 17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 17-2071 Electrical Engineers

17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 27-1011 Art Directors

27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers 27-1024 Graphic Designers

27-2012 Producers and Directors 27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers 27-3021 Broadcast News Analysts 27-3022 Reporters and Correspondents 27-3041 Editors

27-3043 Writers and Authors 27-4021 Photographers 27-4032 Film and Video Editors 43-9031 Desktop Publishers

3

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

4 Employment and Employment

Change

As shown in Table 2, total current employ-ment for ICT occupations in Los Angeles County is 310,458, which is roughly 5% of all regional employment. Over the past five years, ICT employment has increased by 0.1% annually, which is slightly better than the Los Angeles County average of 0.0% growth. Over the next five years, ICT em-ployment is projected to increase at nearly the same rate as all employment in Los Angeles County (0.9% for ICT; compared to 1.0% for the county). Though this may not appear to be an overwhelming growth rate, the Los Angeles metro area is projected to be among the nation’s top five contributors

TABLE 2: JOB GROWTH COMPARISONS BETWEEN ICT AND THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY AVERAGE AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE

2013 Jobs Past 5 Years Next 5 Years Projected Average Annual Openings

ICT Occupations 310,458 0.1% 0.9% 10,198

Regional Average 5,702,126 0.0% 1.0% 211,705

of new jobs over the next five years, mean-ing that LA County’s ICT employment is poised to be one of the drivers of one of the highest-growth regions in the nation. ICT jobs in LA County are projected to produce over 10,100 new jobs per year between 2013 and 2018. By comparison, construction occupations – one of the larg-est sectors of the county’s economy – are projected to produce fewer annual open-ings (roughly 5,500) over the next five years than are ICT occupations.

ICT jobs in LA

County are projected

to produce over

10,100 new jobs per

year between 2013

and 2018.

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

5

Looking at past growth rates can indicate how employment has been trending in recent years and whether that change was correlated with recent recessions. Figure 2 displays “cumulative” employment change between 2001 and 2023. The location of the line in any year indicates the degree by which employment has changed since 2001, the first year shown. For instance, in 2013 employment for ICT occupations is at 1.04, indicating that it has increased by 4% since 2001. Figure 2 displays that over the past 12 years employment for ICT

occupa-FIGURE 2: CUMULATIVE GROWTH IN ICT EMPLOYMENT COMPARED TO LA COUNTY TOTAL, 2001-2023 tions has largely followed the same track as

total regional employment, except for 2004 when ICT employment dropped relative to other sectors. Along with all other sectors, ICT employment decreased during the re-cession but then rebounded in 2010. Since that time has kept pace with the rest of the economy. As indicated in Table 2 and Figure 2, projected growth for ICT occupations is nearly equal with the Los Angeles economy as a whole.

All Jobs in Los Angeles ICT Occupations GROW TH RA TE 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

6 Job Openings and New Job

Growth

Figure 3 and Table 3 examine several dif-ferent sources of job openings. The term “job openings” is more inclusive than job growth, as it contains both new and re-placement jobs. New jobs represent net job creation, and replacement jobs represent job vacancies due to a previous employee vacating a position. Both factors are important because in many cases, replace-ment jobs are a larger source of employ-ment than new job growth, but job growth indicates how the local economy is shifting over time and how that favors growth among ICT jobs. One helpful analogy is the “snowball effect” that occurs when a job

category grows over time. When there is net increase in new jobs, a higher number of replacement jobs will come along with it because the snowball is growing over time. Each individual job title within the group of ICT occupations has its own unique pros-pects and challenges. Figure 3 displays the top 10 occupations projected to produce the highest number of annual openings between 2013 and 2018. Table 3 displays the annual openings data in detail along with employment for 2008, 2013, 2018, and the average annual growth rate for each category over the proceeding five years.

FIGURE 3: PROJECTED ANNUAL OPENINGS FOR TOP 10 ICT OCCUPATIONS

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1,200 1,400

Computer Systems Analysts Art Directors Computer User Support Specialists Graphic Designers Photographers Producers and Directors Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

Writers and Authors 1,192

1,161 1,152 845 794 599 432 392

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

7

In terms of job openings, writers and authors, market research analysts and marketing specialists and producers and directors lead the way, followed by a group of computer specific occupations such as user support specialists and systems analysts. Also high on this list is one of the critical “creative” occupations, art directors. In total, the computer-specific occupations compose 29% of all potential job openings over the next five years.

Though annual openings are the best measure for projecting the number of jobs that will be available in future years, it is also helpful to analyze new job growth and growth rates, as these indicate how the

FIGURE 4: PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT CHANGE FOR TOP 10 ICT OCCUPATIONS local economy is shifting over time (i.e.: the “snowball effect” referenced above). Figure 4 shows the top 10 ICT occupa-tions in terms of new job growth between 2013 and 2018. Occupations projected to add the most new jobs include market research analysts and marketing specialists, photographers, producers and directors, and computer user support specialists. In terms of percentage growth, several of the ICT occupations are among the top third of all jobs for projected new job growth; these include market research analysts and marketing specialists, database administra-tors, web developers, information security analysts, and network and computer sys-tems administrators.

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Network and Computer Systems Administrators Art Directors Graphic Designers Computer User Support Specialists Producers and Directors Writers and Authors Photographers

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 2,696

2,202 2,041 1,716 731 707 664 656

Each individual job title

within the group of ICT

occupations has its

own unique prospects

and challenges.

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

8

TABLE 3: PAST AND PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS

SOC

Code Description 2008 Jobs 2013 Jobs 2018 Jobs

Projected Average Annual Growth Rate Projected New Jobs 2013-18 Projected Annual Openings 27-4021 Photographers 38,689 39,903 42,105 1.1% 2,202 845

27-3043 Writers and Authors 27,106 28,598 30,639 1.4% 2,041 1,192

27-2012 Producers and Directors 25,631 26,214 27,930 1.3% 1,716 1,152

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 19,093 21,731 24,427 2.4% 2,696 1,161

27-1024 Graphic Designers 20,924 19,873 20,580 0.7% 707 794

15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 17,796 17,365 17,957 0.7% 592 330 15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists 16,564 16,805 17,536 0.9% 731 599

15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 15,853 15,843 16,187 0.4% 344 392

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software 14,450 14,188 14,778 0.8% 590 286

15-1131 Computer Programmers 13,012 11,869 11,741 (0.2%) (128) 295

27-1011 Art Directors 11,692 11,523 12,187 1.1% 664 432

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 11,210 10,733 11,389 1.2% 656 337 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 10,255 10,002 10,202 0.4% 200 200

27-3041 Editors 9,093 9,180 9,376 0.4% 196 349

15-1134 Web Developers 6,962 8,437 9,071 1.5% 634 257

27-4032 Film and Video Editors 7,155 7,259 7,792 1.4% 533 243

17-2071 Electrical Engineers 6,534 5,791 5,760 (0.1%) (31) 152

17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 5,479 4,789 4,664 (0.5%) (125) 98

15-1143 Computer Network Architects 5,591 4,557 4,516 (0.2%) (41) 94

15-1152 Computer Network Support Specialists 4,439 4,424 4,615 0.8% 191 158 15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other 4,691 3,767 3,624 (0.8%) (143) 80

27-3022 Reporters and Correspondents 2,739 3,201 3,363 1.0% 162 166

27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers 2,315 3,110 3,516 2.5% 406 187

15-1141 Database Administrators 2,705 2,784 3,020 1.6% 236 97

27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers 2,923 2,691 2,696 0.0% 5 99

17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 1,824 1,478 1,484 0.1% 6 41

15-1122 Information Security Analysts 1,474 1,376 1,462 1.2% 86 40

27-3021 Broadcast News Analysts 857 1,130 1,304 2.9% 174 78

15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists 1,075 1,000 1,015 0.3% 15 24

43-9031 Desktop Publishers 1,090 837 802 (0.9%) (35) 20

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

9 Earnings Comparisons

An earnings comparison provides further context on why training ICT workers for Los Angeles County is essential. Figure 5 displays a comparison of earnings between ICT occupations and the regional average for Los Angeles County. Oftentimes, wage data focuses on midpoint measures such as the average of the median. In addition to these measures, it is helpful to study per-centile wages to see the ranges of compen-sation from the lowest to the highest levels. When wages increase at the higher ends of the scale (75th and 90th percentile) it’s typically because employers are placing an unusually high premium on these workers’ education.1

Figure 5 shows that ICT occupations offer very competitive earnings compared to the regional average for Los Angeles County. At the median, ICT occupations pay $32.38 per hour, which is considerably higher than the regional median of $21.45 per hour. Wages at lower levels (10th and 25th percentiles) are fairly good approximations for entry-level workers and those with little experience. Likewise, higher percentiles (75th and 90th) are good approximations for highly skilled and highly experienced workers. At the lower end of the wage scale, ICT occupations exceed the average for Los Angeles by a considerable degree, but the margin grows wider at the median level where ICT occupations pay 51% more than the regional median.

FIGURE 5: EARNINGS COMPARISON BETWEEN ICT OCCUPATIONS AND REGIONAL AVERAGE

1. Technically speaking, percentile wages refer to the wages provided for workers at a particular point on the wage distribution scale. For example, wages at the 75th percentile mean that 75% of all workers in that category are earning that wage or below.

10th 25th Median 75th 90th

Regional Average ICT Occupations

DOLLARS PER HOUR

PERCENTILE WAGES $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $20.58 $14.53 $25.45 $17.38 $32.38 $21.45 $41.73 $26.91 $54.94 $33.97

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

10 Analysis of Job Postings

Real-time job postings have become a popular option for supplementing tradi-tional labor market information, such as that shown elsewhere in this report. Real-time data has its inherent weaknesses, such as the potential for double counting job postings and biases toward certain types of industries and occupations. It also has its strengths, in that the data represents up-to-the-minute demand for workers without the typical three- to six-month lag experi-enced with traditional labor market data. Real-time data is used best when it’s un-derstood as a relative indicator for showing which types of occupations are in highest demand, and how demand has changed in recent months, but it should not be taken as an absolute indicator for the number of jobs openings that exist in a given time in a given place.

Data in Table 4 were taken from

CareerBuilder’s Supply and Demand portal, a source that pulls data from roughly 48 million job postings and résumé data from CareerBuilder’s vast network of job seeker websites. Job postings represents the num-ber of de-duplicated job postings listed for the month of October, while the hiring dif-ficulty index indicates on a scale from 1 to 100 how difficult it is for employers to hire an individual for such a position (1=most difficult to hire; 100=easiest to hire). Although ICT occupations compose 3% of jobs in Los Angeles, they account for 12% of all job postings for October 2013. Of the 28 occupational categories, seven score below 25 on the hiring difficulty index, indicating that it is harder to find these workers than 75% of all workers nationwide. Among the most difficult to hire in the group are web developers, computer programmers, and software developers, applications.

HIRING DIFFICULTY INDEX

1

25

50

75

100

Most Difficult to Hire Easiest to Hire

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ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

11

TABLE 4: REAL-TIME JOB POSTINGS FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS WITHIN 20 MILES OF LOS ANGELES

SOC Code Description Job Postings Hiring Difficulty Index

15-1134 Web Developers 46,118 7

15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 22,348 19

27-1024 Graphic Designers 19,625 35

15-1151* Computer Support Specialists 18,469 50

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 14,918 34

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 14,450 37

15-1131 Computer Programmers 12,768 18

11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 7,295 34

15-1141 Database Administrators 6,129 20

27-3041 Editors 5,063 40

27-4032 Film and Video Editors 3,986 24

15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 3,526 20

17-2071 Electrical Engineers 3,422 50

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,639 53

27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers 2,102 22

27-3022 Reporters and Correspondents 1,849 63

27-1011 Art Directors 1,643 63

27-4021 Photographers 1,585 72

27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers 1,256 34

17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 855 33

15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists 692 26

27-3021 Broadcast News Analysts 191 75

27-2012 Producers and Directors 187 56

43-9031 Desktop Publishers 167 63

15-1143 Computer Network Architects 140 56

27-3043 Writers and Authors 11

--15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other 9

--17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 7

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12 ICT Industry Overview

FIGURE 6: PERCENT OF ICT WORKERS BY SUBSECTOR

workers are spread across high-level industry groups or subsectors. The majority of employment is in professional, scientific, and technical services (54%), followed distantly by motion picture and sound recording industries (20%), and computer and publishing industries (5%). More pre-cise industry data shown in Table 5 and Figure 7 shows that the top industries for ICT workers in Los Angeles include inde-pendent artists, writers, and performers (34,348 workers), motion picture and video production (32,719), and all other profes-sional, scientific, and technical services (26,142). The “percent of workforce that is ICT” measurement indicates how concen-trated ICT workers are in those industries. Some industries, such as custom computer programming services, are heavily staffed by ICT workers (65% of all employees), whereas others are more lightly staffed, such as corporate, subsidiary and regional managing offices (13%).

ICT workers serve critical roles in all types of industries, but there is a group of core industries that focus on producing and distributing ICT technologies. Although ICT workers do not compose the entire workforce for these industries, their con-tributions are at the heart of producing the product or service that is offered by those companies. EMSI selected a group of 47 industries in which ICT workers play this critical role. This group includes hardware and telecommunications manufacturing, software and multimedia production, information services, and professional services companies that lean heavily on ICT. The full list of these industries is included in the appendix. ICT industries account for more than 394,000 jobs, which is 7% of all em-ployment in Los Angeles County. Of those, 110,584 jobs, or 28%, are in ICT occupations. Figure 6 displays how ICT

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries Publishing Industries (except Internet) Broadcasting (except Internet)

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods

Educational Services (Private) Other Information Services Telecommunications All Other Sectors

54% 20% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3%3% 3%2%

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ICT INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

13

FIGURE 7: TOP 10 ICT INDUSTRIES EMPLOYING ICT WORKERS

TABLE 5: TOP 10 ICT INDUSTRIES EMPLOYING ICT WORKERS

Industry ICT Workers In Industry Percent of Workforce that is ICT

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers 34,328 32%

Motion Picture and Video Production 32,719 31%

All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 26,142 55%

Custom Computer Programming Services 16,365 65%

Computer Systems Design Services 9,499 66%

Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices 7,582 13%

Graphic Design Services 5,775 47%

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals 4,629 41%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 4,596 13%

Television Broadcasting 4,342 37%

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

Television Broadcasting Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals Graphic Design Services Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices Computer Systems Design Services Custom Computer Programming Services All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Motion Picture and Video Production

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers 34,328

32,719 26,142 16,365 9,499 7,582 5,775 4,629 4,596 4,342

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14 Measuring Educational Supply and Occupational Demand

Methodology Overview

Showing that there is demand for ICT occupations in Los Angeles County is not enough to warrant further investment in educational programs. It must also be shown that there is sufficient unmet

demand. Such an analysis requires data on occupation demand (e.g., annual job open-ings) and education supply (e.g., number of postsecondary degree completions). These are then compared through an education “gap” analysis to determine whether an education program is potentially producing a surplus or shortage of workforce talent relative to the number of job openings. The first step in a gap analysis involves drawing a linkage between occupations (SOC codes) and educational programs (CIP codes). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides information on the occupations that completers of specific CIP codes are most likely to enter.2_{Furthermore, specific}

connections have been refined through EMSI’s previous work with education insti-tutions and state departments of labor. In this case, EMSI divided the 30 ICT occupa-tions into four categories that are mutu-ally exclusive and can easily be linked to educational programs. Table 6 displays how the ICT occupations have been separated into these four categories.

EMSI makes every effort to ensure that demand for specific worker types is not overestimated. For this reason EMSI applies reduction factors to the total annual open-ings numbers to account for the expected educational level requirements of employ-ers. For any given occupation, workers currently in the labor force possess a range of different educational levels – anywhere from no high school diploma up to a doctoral degree. EMSI uses such data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to produce a more accurate estimate of the propor-tion of job openings that are likely to be available to workers of varying educational levels.

For example, among computer support specialists the majority of job openings (58%) are filled by workers with an associ-ate’s degree or less. Therefore, students who graduate from SMC with an associate’s degree in a related program are assumed to have access to that proportion of job open-ings. Likewise, completers of postsecond-ary vocational or certificate programs are assumed to have access to a smaller pool of openings (34%). Since many SMC students will go on to four-year colleges to receive bachelor’s degrees in similar fields, this analysis is also conducted at the bachelor’s degree level.

2. See O*NET OnLine Crosswalk Search (available from http://www.onetonline. org/crosswalk/).

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MEASURING EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY AND OCCUPATIONAL DEMAND

Production

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MEASURING EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY AND OCCUPATIONAL DEMAND

16 Supply and Demand

Characteristics

There are many educational institutions in Los Angeles County that are currently training for ICT occupations, some of which have programs similar to those offered at SMC. Hence completers at SMC will be competing for some jobs with completers from other regional institutions. EMSI deter-mined education output by Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) codes and identified the number of completers for every award level within those CIP codes. To find the output for all public and private education institutions in Los Angeles County, EMSI used data from the Integrated Postsecondary Educational System (IPEDS).3

This data is publicly available through the National Center for Educational Statistics. Completions data was averaged for a three-year period, 2010 through 2012, to smooth out any bumps in enrollment that may be unique to a particular academic year.

Table 7 displays the breakdown of post-secondary completions by institution for postsecondary vocational awards and cer-tificates, associate’s degrees and bachelor’s degrees. In total, 57 regional institutions are providing certificates and associates de-grees for one of more of the ICT programs (with an average annual output of 4,587), and 38 regional institutions are offering bachelor’s degrees for one or more of the ICT program types (with an total annual output of 4,831degrees). In an average year, SMC confers 1.9% of those postsecondary awards and certificates and 3.9% of those associates’ degrees.

3. This data comes with inherent weak-nesses. First, numbers are only available for institutions that participate in or are applicants for any federal financial assistance program authorized by the Higher Education Act (HEA). Also, IPEDS does not account for the fact that some people may receive multiple degrees or certifications, so when the number of degrees awarded exceeds the number of people receiving the degrees, the number of completers can be overstated. Nevertheless, this system is the best source for collecting data regarding a broad range of educational institutions.

TABLE 7: AVERAGE ANNUAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM COMPLETERS (SUPPLY) IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY BY ICT PROGRAM TYPE AND AWARD LEVEL

ICT Program Type Postsecondary Vocational Award or Certificate Associate’s Degree Bachelor’s Degrees Grand Total

Business 18 7 277 302 Computers & IT 236 427 1,075 1,738 Creative 791 487 1,898 3,176 Design 215 272 627 1,115 Engineering 726 231 155 1,111 Production 863 477 73 826 Grand Total 2,849 1,901 4,104 8,267

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MEASURING EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY AND OCCUPATIONAL DEMAND

17

Table 8 displays average annual open-ings by program type and award level. By design, there are more annual openings available to workers with higher degree levels. At every award level, creative occupations lead the way, with 1,281 at the postsecondary award and certificate level, 1,621 at the associate’s level, and 4,028 at the bachelor’s level. Following this group are computer & IT occupa-tions, business and design occupations.

TABLE 8: ANNUAL OPENINGS BY ICT PROGRAM TYPE AND AWARD LEVEL

AVERAGE ANNUAL JOB OPENINGS (DEMAND)

ICT Program Type Postsecondary Awards and Certificates and Below Associates Degrees and Below Bachelor’s Degrees and Below

Business 484 648 1,775 Computers & IT 841 1,198 2,595 Creative 1,282 1,621 4,028 Design 459 625 1,193 Engineering 99 150 320 Production 495 625 1,022

Although the groups of occupations do not change based on the educational award, each educational level must be treated separately due to differing supply and demand dynamics. As shown in Table 7, the number of annual openings always increases at higher educational levels, but the number of completers need not follow the same pattern. Engineering programs, for example, are more prolific at the post-secondary vocational award level than at the associate’s degree level. The following section will tie the two sides of the supply and demand equation together to illustrate where workforce gaps exist.

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18 Educational Gap Analysis

For each award level there is a chart and a table displaying the average number of annual openings (demand), the average number of completers (supply), and the difference between the two (gap). Among occupations at the postsecondary award and certificate level, all occupa-tion groups except for engineering face significant workforce gaps. Computers & IT occupations face the largest gap; there are 841 annual openings, compared to 236 average annual completions. Creative occupations are a distant second behind; 791 total completers are available for 1,282 projected job openings, resulting in an an-nual gap of 491.

FIGURE 8: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND GAP FOR ICT POSTSECONDARY VOCATIONAL AWARDS AND CERTIFICATES

TABLE 9: GAP ANALYSIS FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS REQUIRING A POSTSECONDARY AWARD OR CERTIFICATE

ICT Program Type Average Annual Openings (Demand) Average Annual Completers (Supply) Gap

Business 484 18 465 Computers & IT 841 236 605 Creative 1,282 791 491 Design 459 215 244 Engineering 99 726 (627) Production 495 778 (283) 700 500 300 100 100 300 500 700 900 Production Engineering Design Creative Computers & IT Business 465 605 491 244 -627 -283

(21)

EDUCATIONAL GAP ANALYSIS

19

ICT occupations available to workers with associate’s degrees are perhaps the most germane to SMC because at this level there are fewer credentials awarded and a greater number of annual openings than at the postsecondary award level. Among ICT occupations at this level, creative occupa-tions are the largest workforce issue, with 1,134 unmet annual openings. Computers and IT occupations also have a major gap, with 771 unmet annual openings. Business, design and production occupations are also facing large annual gaps, between 300 and 640 jobs. Alternatively, engineering pro-grams appear to be overproducing relative to local demand with an annual surplus of 81 trained workers.

FIGURE 9: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND GAP FOR ICT ASSOCIATE’S DEGREES

TABLE 10: GAP ANALYSIS FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS REQUIRING AN ASSOCIATE’S DEGREE

Business 648 7 641 Computers & IT 1,198 427 771 Creative 1,621 487 1,134 Design 625 272 353 Engineering 150 231 (81) Production 625 300 325 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Production Engineering Design Creative Computers & IT Business 641 771 1,134 353 325 -81

(22)

EDUCATIONAL GAP ANALYSIS

20

It is increasingly common for individuals to attend a two-year school to earn an associate’s degree in a skilled trade prior to moving on to a four-year school to study that same topic in greater detail. As such, it is necessary to examine potential work-force issues for bachelor’s-level programs as well. At this level, all six of the occupa-tion types are projected to experience significant workforce shortages. Headlined by Computers & IT occupations, where although there are 1,075 average annual completers this number is far outmatched by the 2,595 annual openings for such workers in Los Angeles County.

FIGURE 10: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND GAP FOR ICT BACHELOR’S DEGREES

TABLE 11: GAP ANALYSIS FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS REQUIRING A BACHELOR’S DEGREE

Business 1,775 277 1,498 Computers & IT 2,595 1,075 1,519 Creative 4,028 1,924 2,104 Design 1,193 627 566 Engineering 320 155 166 Production 1,022 201 821 600 100 400 900 1400 1900 2400 Production Engineering Design Creative Computers & IT Business 1,498 1,519 2,104 566 166 821

(23)

21 Appendix

This appendix contains any data that is referenced in the body of the report but not explicitly listed.

ICT Industries

TABLE A1: FULL EMPLOYMENT AND ICT WORKFORCE WITHIN ICT INDUSTRIES

NAICS Industry Industry (2013)ICT Jobs in All Industry Jobs

Percent of Workforce that is ICT

512110 Motion Picture and Video Production 32,719 106,925 31%

541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 16,365 25,177 65%

541512 Computer Systems Design Services 9,499 14,502 66%

541430 Graphic Design Services 5,775 12,419 47%

519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals 4,629 11,181 41% 541690 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 4,596 34,556 13%

511210 Software Publishers 3,989 7,253 55%

541810 Advertising Agencies 3,256 17,505 19%

518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 3,252 8,381 39%

512191 Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services 3,139 9,688 32%

334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and _{Instrument Manufacturing} 2,709 17,365 16%

541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 2,278 8,284 28%

541519 Other Computer Related Services 1,933 2,826 68%

541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except _{Biotechnology)} 1,770 14,048 13%

541490 Other Specialized Design Services 1,595 3,529 45%

517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers 1,558 17,121 9%

541613 Marketing Consulting Services 1,287 10,907 12%

541513 Computer Facilities Management Services 1,130 1,752 65%

517911 Telecommunications Resellers 970 5,879 17%

423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers 954 5,679 17%

454111 Electronic Shopping 907 10,191 9%

515210 Cable and Other Subscription Programming 760 5,547 14%

512120 Motion Picture and Video Distribution 642 2,051 31%

517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) 631 5,685 11%

512240 Sound Recording Studios 419 2,930 14%

(24)

APPENDIX

22

334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment _{Manufacturing} 354 2,185 16%

334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing 342 3,081 11%

512199 Other Motion Picture and Video Industries 331 1,047 32%

334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing 296 757 39%

512220 Integrated Record Production/Distribution 249 1,729 14%

512230 Music Publishers 240 1,678 14%

334119 Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing 193 499 39%

334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing 193 1,739 11%

541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities 172 2,150 8% 334418 Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing 141 1,282 11%

334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing 139 359 39%

517919 All Other Telecommunications 133 1,727 8%

334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing 131 809 16%

517410 Satellite Telecommunications 129 1,387 9%

512210 Record Production 88 615 14%

334210 Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing 83 512 16%

512290 Other Sound Recording Industries 70 490 14%

323115 Digital Printing 63 840 8%

334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing 57 826 7%

334611 Software Reproducing 32 234 14%

TABLE A2: ICT WORKERS WITHIN ICT INDUSTRY SUBSECTORS

3-digit NAICS NAICS Sector ICT Workers In Industry Percent of all ICT Workers

541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 100,656 54%

512 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries 37,995 20%

511 Publishing Industries (except Internet) 8,941 5%

515 Broadcasting (except Internet) 7,022 4%

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing 6,330 3%

423 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 5,872 3%

611 Educational Services (Private) 5,538 3%

519 Other Information Services 5,278 3%

517 Telecommunications 3,421 2%

518 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services 3,252 2%

454 Nonstore Retailers 1,248 1%

323 Printing and Related Support Activities 1,199 1%

(25)

APPENDIX

23 Educational institutions output

TABLE A3: ICT EDUCATIONAL OUTPUT FOR POSTSECONDARY VOCATIONAL AWARDS AND CERTIFICATES

School Comp. & IT Design Engineering Production Creative Biz Grand _Total

United Education Institute-Huntington

Park Campus 0 0 664 0 0 0 664

New York Film Academy 0 0 0 0 582 0 582

Pinnacle College 0 0 0 169 0 0 169

Los Angeles Recording School 0 0 0 139 0 0 139

Video Symphony EnterTraining Inc 0 0 0 0 107 0 107

East San Gabriel Valley Regional

Occupational Program 42 6 0 7 18 18 92

ICDC College 23 46 1 0 0 0 69

Long Beach City College 13 0 0 34 10 0 57

Los Angeles City College 11 0 0 26 17 0 55

Santa Monica College 2 34 0 11 2 0 49

Gnomon School of Visual Effects 0 45 0 0 0 0 45

Baldwin Park Adult & Community Education 21 0 22 0 0 0 43

Citrus College 2 3 0 36 0 0 40

Antelope Valley College 14 8 0 16 0 0 37

West Los Angeles College 21 0 0 0 13 0 34

SAE Institute of Technology, Los Angeles 0 0 0 31 0 0 31

Abram Friedman Occupational Center 0 0 31 0 0 0 31

Pasadena City College 3 10 0 9 9 0 30

East Los Angeles College 5 5 0 13 3 0 26

Los Angeles Valley College 3 3 0 6 10 0 22

Los Angeles Pierce College 18 2 0 1 1 0 21

Los Angeles ORT College-Los Angeles

Campus 0 21 0 0 0 0 21

Los Angeles Trade Technical College 4 17 0 0 0 0 21

RWM Fiber Optics 0 0 0 21 0 0 21

Mt. San Antonio College 6 5 0 7 1 0 19

Learnet Academy 17 0 0 0 0 0 17

(26)

APPENDIX

24

El Camino Community College District 3 2 0 3 7 0 14

College of the Canyons 2 2 0 1 6 0 11

Pomona Unified School District Adult and

Career Education 0 0 8 0 0 0 8

Cerritos College 4 0 0 2 0 0 5

PCI College 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

Palladium Technical Academy 3 1 0 0 0 0 4

Los Angeles ORT College-Van Nuys Campus 0 3 0 0 0 0 3

Premiere Career College 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Rio Hondo College 2 0 0 0 0 0 3

American Auto Institute 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

Advanced College 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Charter College-Canyon Country 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles Mission College 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles Harbor College 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Career College Consultants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Grand Total 236 215 726 533 791 18 2,519

TABLE A4: ICT EDUCATIONAL OUTPUT FOR ASSOCIATE’S DEGREES

School Comp. & IT Design Engineering Production Creative Biz Grand Total

Los Angeles Film School 0 0 0 212 0 0 496

DeVry University-California 86 0 71 0 0 0 157

FIDM/Fashion Institute of Design &

Merchandising-Los Angeles 0 118 0 0 0 0 118

ITT Technical Institute-Torrance 57 0 59 0 0 0 116

ITT Technical Institute-Sylmar 42 0 46 0 0 0 87

ITT Technical Institute-San Dimas 48 0 35 0 0 0 82

Westwood College-Los Angeles 38 43 0 0 0 0 81

The Art Institute of California-Argosy

University Los Angeles 8 18 0 0 42 0 68

Santa Monica College 10 13 0 10 32 0 66

(27)

APPENDIX

25

Los Angeles City College 2 6 0 2 28 0 38

Mt. San Antonio College 22 8 0 3 5 0 37

College of the Canyons 9 8 0 0 18 0 35

El Camino Community College District 12 0 0 8 12 0 32

Los Angeles Valley College 2 6 0 1 19 0 28

Long Beach City College 9 0 0 7 11 0 28

Antelope Valley College 11 9 0 7 0 0 27

ITT Technical Institute–West Covina 5 0 21 0 0 0 25

The Art Institute of California-Argosy

University Hollywood 5 14 0 0 6 0 25

Cerritos College 10 4 0 1 5 0 20

East Los Angeles College 4 6 0 3 2 0 15

ITT Technical Institute–Culver City 15 0 0 0 0 0 15

Rio Hondo College 5 5 0 0 5 0 14

Los Angeles Pierce College 7 4 0 0 2 0 12

New York Film Academy 0 0 0 0 12 0 12

Los Angeles Trade Technical College 4 6 0 0 0 0 11

West Los Angeles College 8 0 0 0 0 0 8

East San Gabriel Valley Regional

Occupational Program 0 0 0 0 0 7 7

Glendale Community College 2 1 0 0 2 0 5

Los Angeles Mission College 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

Citrus College 0 1 0 2 0 0 3

Columbia College Hollywood 0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Los Angeles Southwest College 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Westwood College-South Bay 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

El Camino College-Compton Center 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles Harbor College 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

LA College International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Grand Total 427 272 231 256 487 7 1,680

(28)

APPENDIX

26

TABLE A5: ICT EDUCATIONAL OUTPUT FOR BACHELOR’S DEGREES

School Comp. & IT Design Engineering Production Creative Biz

California State University-Northridge 126 0 0 0 0 260

University of Southern California 60 15 0 0 381 0

California State University-Long Beach 77 70 17 0 261 0

DeVry University-California 225 0 79 0 0 0

University of California-Los Angeles 121 45 0 0 28 0

Westwood College-Los Angeles 119 63 0 0 0 11

Art Center College of Design 0 139 0 0 42 0

California State Polytechnic University-Pomona 73 79 24 0 0 0

California State University-Los Angeles 79 0 0 0 92 0

The Art Institute of California-Argosy University Los Angeles 8 89 0 23 41 0

Otis College of Art and Design 0 77 0 0 57 0

Loyola Marymount University 4 0 0 13 81 1

Biola University 5 0 0 0 86 0

California Institute of the Arts 0 0 0 0 72 0

Pepperdine University 0 0 0 0 71 0

Columbia College Hollywood 0 0 0 0 56 0

ITT Technical Institute-San Dimas 19 0 13 0 0 0

The Art Institute of California-Argosy University Hollywood 4 25 0 0 1 0

ITT Technical Institute-Torrance 18 0 11 0 0 0

Woodbury University 0 9 0 0 13 5

ITT Technical Institute-Sylmar 15 0 11 0 0 0

Harvey Mudd College 25 0 0 0 0 0

California Institute of Technology 24 0 0 0 0 0

Pitzer College 1 0 0 0 23 0

Mt Sierra College 15 9 0 0 0 0

Pomona College 7 0 0 0 13 0

University of La Verne 6 0 0 0 12 0

(29)

APPENDIX

27

Azusa Pacific University 14 0 0 0 0 0

Westwood College-South Bay 7 6 0 0 0 0

Scripps College 0 0 0 0 11 0

The Master’s College and Seminary 2 0 0 0 6 0

Mount St. Mary’s College 0 0 0 0 3 0

Claremont McKenna College 1 0 0 0 2 0

New York Film Academy 0 0 0 0 1 0

American InterContinental University 1 0 0 0 0 0

Grand Total 1,075 627 155 36 1,898 277

TABLE A6: SMC PROGRAMS AND TOP CODES CONSIDERED IN THE ANALYSIS

TOP Code(s) SMC Program Name Program Type

60400 Broadcasting Creative

103000 Graphic Design Design

60200 Journalism Creative

101200 Photography Creative

60100 Media Arts Design

60300 Motion Graphics Design

50910 Promotional Pathway Computers & IT

100600 Technical Theatre Creative

61440 Animation Design

61410 Digital Media Computers & IT

61420 Game Development Computers & IT

061220 & 061200 Film Creative

na* Mobile Development Computers & IT

na* Social Media Computers & IT

61430 Web Design Design

70710 Web Programming Computers & IT

50640† Entrepreneurship Business

* Note: these programs do not have TOP codes

†Note: the completers for this program where not considered because data do not exist that indicate what proportion of Entrepreneurs

(30)

APPENDIX

28

TABLE A7: PROGRAM (CIP CODE) TO OCCUPATION (SOC) MAPPING

CIP Program SOC Occupation ICT Type

11.0101 Computer and Information Sciences, _General 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers Computers & IT 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists Computers & IT

15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts Computers & IT

15-1122 Information Security Analysts Computers & IT

15-1134 Web Developers Computers & IT

15-1141 Database Administrators Computers & IT

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators Computers & IT

15-1143 Computer Network Architects Computers & IT

15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other Computers & IT

11.0102 Artificial Intelligence 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists Computers & IT

15-1132 Software Developers, Applications Computers & IT

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software Computers & IT 11.0103 Information Technology 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists Computers & IT

15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts Computers & IT

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software Computers & IT 15-1134 Web Developers Computers & IT

11.0199 Computer and Information Sciences, _Other 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers Computers & IT 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists Computers & IT 11.0201 Computer Programming/Programmer, _General 15-1122 Information Security Analysts Computers & IT

15-1131 Computer Programmers Computers & IT

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software Computers & IT

15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists Computers & IT

(31)

11.0899 Computer Software and Media _{Applications, Other} 27-1024 Graphic Designers Design

50.0102 Digital Arts 27-1011 Art Directors Design

27-1024 Graphic Designers Design

(34)

APPENDIX

32

50.0402 Commercial and Advertising Art 27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers Design

50.0404 Industrial and Product Design 27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers Design

50.0409 Graphic Design 27-1011 Art Directors Design

50.0499 Design and Applied Arts, Other 27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers Design

50.0706 Intermedia/Multimedia 27-1011 Art Directors Design

14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering 17-2071 Electrical Engineers Engineering 15.0303 Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering

Technology/Technician 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Engineering 15.0305 Telecommunications Technology/_Technician 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Engineering 15.0399 Electrical and Electronic Engineering _{Technologies/Technicians, Other} 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Engineering

15.1201 Computer Engineering Technology/_Technician 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Engineering 15.1202 Computer Technology/Computer _{Systems Technology} 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Engineering

10.0303 Prepress/Desktop Publishing and Digital _{Imaging Design} 43-9031 Desktop Publishers Production 9.0701 Radio and Television 27-2012 Producers and Directors Creative

27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers Creative 27-3021 Broadcast News Analysts Creative 27-4032 Film and Video Editors Creative 9.0402 Broadcast Journalism 27-3011 Radio and Television Announcers Creative 27-3021 Broadcast News Analysts Creative 27-3022 Reporters and Correspondents Creative

27-3041 Editors Creative

27-3043 Writers and Authors Creative

50.0605 Photography 27-4021 Photographers Creative

(35)

APPENDIX

33 **List of O*NET Titles for ICT Occupations**

TABLE A8: ALTERNATE JOB TITLES FOR ICT OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Description Alternate Job Titles from O*NET

11-3021 Computer and Information _{Systems Managers}

Information Technology Manager (IT Manager); Information Technology Director (IT Director); Information Systems Director (IS Director); Data Processing Manager; MIS Director (Manage-ment Information Systems Director); Information Systems Manager (IS Manager); Information Systems Supervisor (IS Supervisor); Computing Services Director; Director of Application Devel-opment; Technical Services Manager

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and _{Marketing Specialists} Market Research Analyst; Market Analyst; Project Manager; Market Research Consultant; Client Service and Consulting Manager; Market Research Manager; Product Line Manager; Business Development Specialist; Client Services Vice President; Communications Specialist

15-1111 Computer and Information _{Research Scientists} Computer Scientist; Control System Computer Scientist; Scientific Programmer Analyst

15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts Systems Analyst; Programmer Analyst; Business Systems Analyst; Computer Systems Analyst; Computer Systems Consultant; Computer Analyst; Information Systems Analyst (ISA); Applications Analyst; Business Analyst; Systems Engineer

15-1122 Information Security Analysts

Information Technology Specialist; Data Security Administrator; Information Security Analyst; Information Security Officer; Computer Specialist; Information Security Specialist; Information Systems Security Analyst; Computer Security Specialist; Information Security Manager; Information Technology Security Analyst

15-1131 Computer Programmers Programmer Analyst; Programmer; Analyst Programmer; Computer Programmer; Software Developer; Applications Developer; Computer Programmer Analyst; Internet Programmer; Java Developer; Web Programmer

15-1132 Software Developers, _Applications Software Engineer; Application Integration Engineer; Programmer Analyst; Software Devel-opment Engineer; Computer Consultant; Software Architect; Software Developer; Technical Consultant; Applications Developer; Business Systems Analyst

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems _Software Developer; Infrastructure Engineer; Network Engineer; Publishing Systems Analyst; Senior Software Engineer; Software Architect; Software Developer; Software Engineer; Systems Coordinator; Systems Engineer

15-1134 Web Developers Webmaster; Web Designer; Web Developer

15-1141 Database Administrators Database Administrator (DBA); Database Analyst; Database Administration Manager; Database Coordinator; Database Programmer; Information Systems Manager; Management Information Systems Director (MIS Director); Programmer Analyst; Systems Manager

(36)

APPENDIX

34

15-1142 Network and Computer _{Systems Administrators}

Systems Administrator; Network Administrator; Network Engineer; Information Technology Specialist (IT Specialist); Local Area Network Administrator (LAN Administrator); Information Technology Manager (IT Manager); Information Technology Director (IT Director); Systems Engineer; Network Manager; Network Specialist

15-1143 Computer Network Architects

Consultant; Network Technician; Principal Consultant; Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD); Senior Consultant; Senior Telecommunications Consultant; Telecommunication Engineer; Telecom Network Manager (Telecommunication Network Manager); Telecommunication Systems Designer; Telecommunications Consultant

15-1151 Computer User Support _Specialists

Information Technology Specialist (IT Specialist); Support Specialist; Computer Technician; Computer Support Specialist; Help Desk Analyst; Technical Support Specialist; Network Support Specialist; Electronic Data Processing Auditor (EDP Auditor); Network Technician; Computer Specialist

15-1152 Computer Network Support _Specialists not available

15-1199 Computer Occupations, _{All Other}

Quality Assurance Analyst (QA Analyst); Quality Assurance Director (QA Director); Software Quality Assurance Engineer (SQA Engineer); Software Quality Engineer; Product Assurance Engineer; Software Test Engineer; Systems Engineer; Electronic Data Interchange System Developer (EDI System Developer); System Architect; Corporate Webmaster; Information Technology Manager (IT Manager); Web Site Manager

17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers Design Engineer; Engineer; Field Service Engineer; Hardware Design Engineer; Hardware Engineer; Network Engineer; Project Engineer; Senior Hardware Engineer; Systems Engineer; Systems Integration Engineer

17-2071 Electrical Engineers

Electrical Engineer; Electrical Design Engineer; Project Engineer; Electrical Controls Engineer; Test Engineer; Hardware Design Engineer; Broadcast Engineer; Circuits Engineer; Electrical and Instrument Maintenance Supervisor (E and I Maintenance Supervisor); Electrical Project Engineer

17-3023 Electrical and Electronics _{Engineering Technicians}

Digital Tech (Digital Technician); Electrical Technician; Electronics Engineering Technician; Electronics Technician; Engineering Technician (Engineering Tech); Failure Analysis Technician (FA Technician); Refurbish Technician (Refurb Tech); Senior Electronics Technician; Technician; Test Technician; Instrument and Controls Technician (I & C Technician); Relay Tester; Results Technician; Test Specialist

27-1011 Art Directors Art Director; Art Supervisor; Creative Director; Creative Guru; Design Director; Designer; Director of Creative Services; Consumer Products; Group Art Supervisor; Production Manager; Senior Art Director

Information and Communications Technology

workforce

&

economic

DEVELOPMENT

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE >

Supply and Demand for ICT Occupations

SANTA MONICA

COLLEGE

Information and

Communications

Technology

2014

Contents

1

Information Communications

Technology (ICT) clearly

plays a critical role in

the Los Angeles regional

economy. As a result,

there are numerous

opportunities for Santa

Monica College to expand

current programs and offer

new programs to serve

this growing demand.

The following are some of

the key highlights of this

analysis:

Executive Summary

ICT

Information and

Communications

Technology

INTRODUCTION

2

The term “Information

and Communications

Technology” (ICT) has

arisen in recent years to

describe a new field of

technology encompassing

traditional information

technology roles with

communications-based

sectors that are rapidly

evolving and converging

with IT. The traditional

responsibility of IT workers

is to maintain businesses’

computers, software,

and to a lesser extent

telecommunications.

Though ICT still contains

such workers, it also

encompasses a wider

array of responsibilities:

information management

and security, hardware

production, user

experience design, and

e-commerce.

ICT INDUSTRIES

ICT OCCUPATIONS

ICT Occupations

3

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

4

Employment and Employment

Change

ICT jobs in LA

County are projected

to produce over

10,100 new jobs per

year between 2013

and 2018.

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

5

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW FOR KEY OCCUPATIONS

6