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Analysis of economic life in Indus Civilization

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© 2017 IJSRST | Volume 3 | Issue 7 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology

flU/kq lH;rk esa vkfFkZd thou dk fo'ys"k.k

vkn'kZ izrki flag

,e0,0&izkphu bfrgkl

Mk0 jke euksgj yksfg;k vo/k fo'ofo|ky;

QStkckn

lkj& flU/kq ?kkVh lH;rk ledkyhu lH;rkvksa esa lcls mUur ,oa vk/kqfud lH;rk FkhA flU/kq lH;rk

dh le`f) dk lcls cM+k dkj.k ogka dh vkfFkZd O;OkLFkk FkhA d`f"k] i'kq ikyu rFkk euds fuekZ.k us

flU/kq lH;rk ds le`f) esa pkj pkan yxk;sA fons'kh O;kikj esa Hkh flU/kq lH;rk mUur n'kk esas FkhA

ifjp;&

flU/kq lH;rk iw.kZ uxjhd`r lH;rk FkhA uxjhdj.k fodflr ,oa tfVy vkfFkZd O;oLFkk

dk ifjpk;d gSA i'kqikyu] d`f"k ds vfrfjDr f'kYi vkSj O;kikj flU/kq lH;rk ds vkfFkZd vk/kkj FksA

LFkkuh; miHkksx ls vf/kd iSnkokj nsus okyh mUur ,oa dkjxj d`f"k ds }kjk lSa/ko okfl;ksa ds Hkj.k

iks"k.k ds fy, vukt rFkk fofHkUu f'kfYi;ksa ds fy, dPpk eky lqYkHk gksrk jgk] eqgjs rFkk ckV iz.kkyh

dk O;kikj ds fodkl esa vge ;ksxnku FkkA

d`f"k& flU/kq lH;rk ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa d`f"k dk LFkku vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA flU/kq rFkk mldh

lgk;d ufn;ksa }kjk izfr o"kZ yk;h x;h feV~Vh d`f"k ds fy, vR;Ur mitkÅ FkhA Mh0Mh0 dkS'kkEch dk

er gS fd lSa/ko fuoklh d`"kd gy ds iz;ksx ls vfufHkK Fks vkSj os lEHkor% uqdhyh dqnky ls [ksrh

djrs FksA mnkgj.k Lo#i dkyhcaxk esa tqrs gq, [ksr ds fu'kku feys gSaA blds vfrfjDr o.kkoyh ls ,d

f[kykSuk gy izkIr gqvk gS ftlds vk/kkj ij ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd lSa/ko lH;rk ds dky esa gy dk

(2)

lSa/ko lH;rk ds eq[; [kk|kUu xsgw¡ rFkk tkS Fks buds vfrfjDr ljlksa] eVj] fry ,oa dikl dh

Hkh [ksrh dh tkrh FkhA yksFky ls /kku rFkk ctjs dh [ksrh ds izek.k feys gSaA ,slk ekywe pyrk gS fd

flU/kq lH;rk dk dky vf/kd vk)Z izrhr gksrk gS d`f"k esa o"kkZ ty ds vfrfjDr tyk'k;ksa rFkk dqavksa dk

ikuh Hkh iz;qDr gksrk FkkA

flU/kq lH;rk esa gksus okyk O;kikj mUur n'kk esa Fkk vkSj blus fuf'pr gh d`f"k ds fØ;kdykiksa

dks izksRlkfgr fd;k gksxkA izeq[k uxjksa esa fo'kky vUukxkjksa esa [kk|kUUk laxzghr fd;k tkrk FkkA d`f"k

O;OkLFkk ds laxBu esa bu vUukxkjksa dk fo'ks"k egRo jgk gksxk ftuds lk{; flU/kq lH;rk ls izkIr gks

pqdk gSA gM+Iik esa vUukxkjksa ds lehi gh vukt dh lQkbZ] dqVkbZ] filkbZ vkfn ds pcwrjs feys gSaA

yksFky eas vkVk ihlus dh iRFkj dh pDdh ds nks ikV feys gSaA

flU/kq lH;rk ds feV~Vh ds crZuksa rFkk eqgjksa ij isM+&ikS/kksa dk vadu feyrk gSA ihiy] [ktwj]

uhe] uhcw] dsyk vkfn isM+&ikS/kksa dk bl lanHkZ esa mYys[k fd;k tk ldrk gSA buesa ls vf/kdka'k isM+

LFkkuh; ouLifr;ka FkhA

i'kqikyu& i'kqikyu flU/kq lH;rk ds vkfFkZd thou dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ vk/kkj FkkA Mhynkj ,oa fcuk

Mhy okys cSy] HkSal] xk;] HksM+] cdjh] dqŸks] x/ks] [kPPkj vkfn tkuojksa ds vo'ks"k izkIr gq, gSa tks ikyrw

izrhr gksrs gSaA lEHkor% gkFkh dk ikyu Hkh gksrk FkkA 'kk;n bruh cM+h ek=k esa i'kqvksa dk iz;ksx d`f"k

dk;Z esa fd;k tkrk jgk gksA

f'kYi ,oa m|ksx /kU/ks& lw=h oL=ksa dh cqukbZ] lw= dh dVkbZ vius fodflr voLFkk esa FkhA eksgutksnM+ksa

ls ethB ls yky jaxs 20 diM+s ds vo'ks"k pkanh ds crZu esa ik;s x;s FksA dkyhcaxk ls izkIr feV~Vh ds

crZu ds ,d VqdM+ksa ij lwrh oL= dh Nki feyh gSA ;gha ls lwrh oL= esa fyiVk mLrjk Hkh feyk gSA

drkbZ cqukbZ esa izLrqr feV~Vh] dkapyh feV~Vh vkSj 'ka[k vkfn ds fu'kku feys gSaA eksgutksnM+ksa ls izkIr

(3)

feV~Vh ds crZuksa dk f'kYi Hkh vR;Ur fodflr ,oa izpfyr FkkA bZaV cukus ds HkV~Bs 'kgj ls ckgj

gskrs FksA flU/kq lH;rk ds uxjksa ds /oalko'ks"kksa ls feys lksus] pk¡nh ds vkHkw"k.kksa] rk¡cs ,oa fVu ds crZuksa

ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd flU/kq lH;rk ds yksx /kqrkvksa ds dVkbZ ,oa LOk.kZdkjh esa n{k FksA pUgwnM+ksas ,oa

yksFky ls euds cukus ds dkj[kkus izkIr gq, gSaA fly[kM+h] Qs;Ul rkacss ,oa feV~Vh dh vk;rkdkj eqgjs

cukus dk f'kYi Hkh vR;Ur fodflr FkkA bu eqgjksa ij nsorkvksa] ekuo] i'kq&i{kh ds fp= vafdr feyrs

gSaA

O;kikj ,oa okf.T;& okf.kT; ,oa O;kikj flU/kq lH;rk ds vk/kkj ds #i esa lkeus vkrk gSA mR[kuu ls

izkIr vo'ks"kksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;gk¡ dh uki&rkSy dh iz.kkyh] ;krk;kr ds Lo#i ij leqfpr izdk'k iM+rk

gSA eksgutksnM+ksa] gM+Iik] yksFky] dkyhcaxk vkfn ls miyC/k ckaVks dh rkSy dk vuqikr 1] 2] 4] 8] 16]

32] 64] 160] 208] 320 FkkA rkSYk dh bdkbZ lEHkor% 16 ds vuqikr esa FkhA ckV cukus ds fy, Hkwjs jax

ds pkVZ] pwuk iRFkj fly[kM+h vkfn iRFkjksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA eksgutksnM+ksa ls lhi ls cuk gqvk

rFkk yksFky ls gkFkh nk¡r dk cuk gqvk ,d iSekuk feyk gSA

flDdksa dk izpyu flU/kq lH;rk esa ugha FkhA Ø;&foØ; oLrq fofue; ds ek/;e ls gskrk FkkA

O;kikjh }kjk viuh eksgj dh Nki yxk;h tkrh FkhA

;krk;kr ds lk/kukssa ds #i esa nks ifg;s rFkk pkj ifg;s okyh cSyxkM+h rFkk HkSalkxkM+h dk mi;ksx

eky <ksus esa fd;k tkrk jgk gksxkA dkalk ,oa feV~Vh ds cus f[kykSus xkfM+;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g vuqkeu

O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

eksgutksnM+ksa ls izkIr ,d eqgj ij uko dk fp= vafdr gS ftl vk/kkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk

FkkA leqnzh O;kikj mUur n'kk eas FkkA yksFky esa cUnjxkg gksus ds Hkh lk{; fehys gSaA yksFky dh xksnh

dk vkdkj ¼218 x 36½ eh0 FkhA dbZ fo}kuksa us yksFky dh bl xksnh dk rkykc dh laKk nh gSa

(4)

flU/kq lH;rk esa vkUrfjd O;kikj leqUur fn'kk esa FkkA d`f"k ls cus mRiknksa dk rS;kj eky uxjksa

dks tkrk FkkA xkaoksa ls [kk|&lkezh vkrh Fkh mlds cnys esa lwrh oL= ,oa /kkrq dh cuh gqbZ oLrq,a

midj.k rFkk crZu cnys esa nh tkrh FkhA

m|ksx /kU/ks ds fy, f'kYi&dk;ksZa ds fy, dPPkk eky] xqtjkr flU/k] jktLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr vkfn

ls eaxk;k tkrk FkkA xksesn xqtjkr ls vkrk FkkA rkacs ds {ks= jktLFkku ds >qa>us ls izkIr [ksrM+h dh

[kkus FkhA rkack cywfPkLrku rFkk vQxkfuLrku ls Hkh feyrk Fkk rFkk lksuk dksykj dh [kku ls feyrk

FkkA ckg~; O;kikj ds lk{; vf/kd miyC/k gS flU/kq lH;rk ds uxjksa ds e/; ,oa if'pe ,f'k;k ls

O;kikj dkQh leqUur n'kk esa FkkA vQxkfuLrku] lksfo;r #l] Qkjl dh [kkM+h ds ns'kksa&bZjku] bjkd ds

lkFk lSa/ko lH;rk ds O;kikfjd lEcU/k FksA pk¡nh ,oa yktZ onZ dk vk;kr vQxkfuLrku ls gksrk FkkA

bZjku ls Qhjkstk] fVu rFkk pk¡nh dk vk;kr fd;k tkrk FkkA flU/kq lH;rk ds uxj bu {ks=ksa dks lwrh

oL=] gkFkh nk¡r dh cuh gqbZ oLrq,a ,oa ydM+h dk fu;kZr djrk FkkA

eslksiksVkfe;k vkSj flU/kq lH;rk ds chp vfHkysf[kd lk{; Hkh feys gSaA lqesfj;k ds lkjxksu

'kklu ds dky dh feV~Vh dh ifV~Vdkvksa ij vafdr vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd eslksiksVkfe;k ds mj

vkSj uxjksa ds O;kikjh fnYequ vFkok frYequ vkfn ls O;kikfjd oLrqvksa dk vk;kr djrs FksA

flU/kq ds O;kikfjd lECkU/k vÝhdh ns'kksa ls Hkh FksA ,slk le> esa vkrk gS fd eslksiksVkfe;k

lH;rk ds lkFk flU/kq lH;rk ds uxjksa dk fo'ks"k O;kikfjd lEidZ lkjxsu dky esa Fkk D;ksafd bl dky

ds Lrjksa ls lSa/ko eqgjsa lokZf/kd feyh gSA

dqy feykdj flU/kq lH;rk dk vkfFkZd thou dkQh leqUur ,oa ifj"d`r Fkk mudk O;kikj nwljh

lH;rkvksa ls Hkh Fkk tks muds vkfFkZd le`)h dks n'kkZrk gSA

lanHkZ xzUFk lwph

(5)

Dani, A.H. - Indus civilzation : New perspective,

Department of Archaeology, Karachi 1981

Dhavalikar, M.K. - Cutural imperialism : Indus civilzation in

western India Books and Books.

Gaur, R.C. - Excavations at Atranjikeres

Ghosh, N.C. - Archacological Survey of India, New Delhi

1986

Jansen. M. - Mohanjo-daro : City of wells and drains

Jayasawal, Vidula - Palaeohistory of India, Delhi

Lal., B.B. - Indian Archaeology since independence

Lal, B.B & Gupta S.P. - Frontiers of Indus civilzation

Marshall J. - Mohanjodaro and the Indus valley civilization

Thapar Romila - Ancient Indian Social history

Sharma, Ram Sharma - Ancient India

References

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