Alexandra B. Ribeiro • Eduardo P. Mateus
Nazare´ Couto
Editors
Electrokinetics Across
Disciplines and Continents
New Strategies for Sustainable Development
Editors
Alexandra B. Ribeiro
CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente
Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal
Eduardo P. Mateus
CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente
Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal
Nazare´ Couto
CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente
Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal
ISBN 978-3-319-20178-8 ISBN 978-3-319-20179-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20179-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946866 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
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Preface
The bookElectrokinetics Across Disciplines and Continents—New Strategies for Sustainable Developmentaims to discuss and deepen the knowledge about electro-kinetic (EK) process. The EK process could be used as an integrated approach for new strategies aiming at sustainable development and for supporting waste strategies worldwide. The conciliation of the EK process in the recovery of secondary resources, remediation, and conservation is a multidisciplinary, novel approach that opens new technical possibilities for waste minimization, through the upgradation of particulate waste products and recovery of secondary resources for industrial, agricultural, or social use. The EK process can also be coupled with phytoremediation and integrated with nanotechnology, enlarging the scope of its application. This was the basis and the motivation for this work.
The insights provided in this book are mainly based on a compilation of the works developed in the scope of ELECTROACROSS (electrokinetics across dis-ciplines and continents: an integrated approach to finding new strategies to sus-tainable development), an FP7 People International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) project.
The book is divided into five main parts: (I) Introduction and Overview of the Process; (II) Remediation of Contaminants and Recovery of Secondary Resources with Socio-Economical Value; (III) Conservation of Cultural Heritage and Use in Construction Material; (IV) Modeling of the Electrokinetic Process; and (V) Cou-pling Electrokinetic Process with Other Technologies to Enhance Performance and Sustainability (analytical, nano-, and phytotechnologies).
The book starts with an overview of EK soil remediation followed by influence of soil structure on EK dewatering process, EK enabled de-swelling of clay and soil stabilization, sustainable power generation from salinity gradient energy, and adsorption processes. The issue of phosphorus recovery in water and wastewater treatment plants by EK is discussed, together with remediation of copper mine tailings or as an alternative for soil and compost characterization. Life cycle assessment of EK remediation, electro-desalination of buildings damaged by salt weathering and incorporation of fly ashes as substitute for cement in mortar are also
presented. A coupled reactive-transport model for EK remediation is discussed as well as the modeling of the transport of EK and zero valent iron nanoparticles and EK remediation of a mercury-polluted soil. The coupling of electrokinetics with phytotechnologies for arsenic removal or with nanoremediation for organic removal is also discussed, together with a broader range of topics regarding phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products or inorganic compounds. The last part is devoted to analytical methodologies that allow detec-tion and monitoring of contaminants in specific matrices.
We do hope you will find this book of interest, and we would like to thank all those who contributed to it.
Caparica, Portugal Alexandra B. Ribeiro Eduardo P. Mateus Nazare´ Couto 30 March 2015
Contents
Part I Introduction and Overview of the Process
1 Electrokinetic Soil Remediation: An Overview. . . 3 Henrik K. Hansen, Lisbeth M. Ottosen,
and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
2 Soil Structure Influence on Electrokinetic
Dewatering Process. . . 19 Vikas Gingine and Rafaela Cardoso
3 Electrokinetically Enabled De-swelling of Clay. . . 43 Reena A. Shrestha, Angela P. Zhang, Eduardo P. Mateus,
Alexandra B. Ribeiro, and Sibel Pamukcu
4 Sustainable Power Generation from Salinity
Gradient Energy by Reverse Electrodialysis. . . 57 Sylwin Pawlowski, Joa˜o Crespo, and Svetlozar Velizarov
5 The Kinetic Parameters Evaluation for the Adsorption
Processes at “Liquid–Solid” Interface. . . 81 Svetlana Lyubchik, Elena Lygina, Andriy Lyubchyk,
Sergiy Lyubchik, Jose´ M. Loureiro, Isabel M. Fonseca, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, Margarida M. Pinto,
and Agnes M. Sa´ Figueiredo
Part II Remediation of Contaminants and Recovery of Secondary Resources with Socio-Economical Value
6 Electrochemical Process for Phosphorus Recovery
from Water Treatment Plants. . . 113 Nazare´ Couto, Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Paula R. Guedes,
Eduardo P. Mateus, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
7 Electrochemical Process for Phosphorus Recovery
from Wastewater Treatment Plants. . . 129 Paula R. Guedes, Nazare´ Couto, Eduardo P. Mateus,
and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
8 Electrokinetic Remediation of Copper Mine Tailings:
Evaluating Different Alternatives for the Electric Field. . . 143 Henrik K. Hansen, Adria´n Rojo, Claudia Gutie´rrez,
Pernille E. Jensen, and Lisbeth M. Ottosen
9 Electrokinetics as an Alternative for Soil
and Compost Characterization. . . 161 Alejandro Serna Gonza´lez, Lucas Blandon Naranjo,
Jorge Andre´s Hoyos, and Mario Vı´ctor Va´zquez
10 Life Cycle Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Remediation: Groundwater Impacts of Electrokinetic
Remediation. . . 173 Luı´s M. Nunes, Helena I. Gomes, Margarida Ribau Teixeira,
Celia Dias-Ferreira, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
Part III Conservation of Cultural Heritage and Use in Construction Material 11 Electro-desalination of Buildings Suffering
from Salt Weathering. . . 205 Lisbeth M. Ottosen and Henrik K. Hansen
12 Incorporation of Different Fly Ashes from MSWI as Substitute for Cement in Mortar: An Overview
of the Suitability of Electrodialytic Pre-treatment. . . 225 Ca´tia C. Magro, Paula R. Guedes, Gunvor M. Kirkelund,
Pernille E. Jensen, Lisbeth M. Ottosen, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
Part IV Modeling of the Electrokinetic Process 13 A Coupled Reactive-Transport Model
for Electrokinetic Remediation. . . 251 Juan Manuel Paz-Garcı´a, Marı´a Ville´n-Guzma´n,
Ana Garcı´a-Rubio, Stephen Hall, Matti Ristinmaa, and Ce´sar Gomez-Lahoz
14 Electrokinetics and Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Experimental and Modeling of the Transport
in Different Porous Media. . . 279 Helena I. Gomes, Jose´ M. Rodrı´guez-Maroto,
Alexandra B. Ribeiro, Sibel Pamukcu, and Celia Dias-Ferreira
15 Feasibility Study of the Electrokinetic Remediation
of a Mercury-Polluted Soil. . . 295 Ana Garcı´a-Rubio, Marı´a Ville´n-Guzma´n,
Francisco Garcı´a-Herruzo, Jose´ M. Rodrı´guez-Maroto, Carlos Vereda-Alonso, Ce´sar Gomez-Lahoz,
and Juan Manuel Paz-Garcı´a
Part V Coupling Electrokinetic Process with Other Technologies to Enhance Performance and Sustainability
16 Phytoremediation Coupled to Electrochemical Process
for Arsenic Removal from Soil. . . 313 Paula R. Guedes, Nazare´ Couto, Alexandra B. Ribeiro,
and Dong-Mei Zhou
17 Nanoremediation Coupled to Electrokinetics
for PCB Removal from Soil. . . 331 Helena I. Gomes, Guangping Fan, Lisbeth M. Ottosen,
Celia Dias-Ferreira, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
18 Removal of Pharmaceutical and Personal
Care Products in Aquatic Plant-Based Systems. . . 351 Ana R. Ferreira, Nazare´ Couto, Paula R. Guedes,
Eduardo P. Mateus, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
19 Phytoremediation of Inorganic Compounds. . . 373 Bruno Barbosa, Jorge Costa, Sara Bole´o, Maria Paula Duarte,
and Ana Luisa Fernando
20 Sensing of Component Traces in Complex Systems. . . 401 Maria Raposo, Paulo A. Ribeiro, Nezha El Bari,
and Benachir Bouchikhi
21 Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
in Food Samples. . . 427 Miriany A. Moreira, Leiliane C. Andre´,
Marco D.R. Gomes da Silva, and Zenilda L. Cardeal
22 Multidimensional Chromatographic Techniques for Monitoring and Characterization
of Environmental Samples. . . 439 Eduardo P. Mateus, Marco D.R. Gomes da Silva,
Alexandra B. Ribeiro, and Philip Marriott
Index. . . 455
Contributors
Leiliane C. Andre´ Departamento de Ana´lises Clı´nicas e Toxicologicas, Faculdade de Farma´cia (FaFar), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Bruno Barbosa MEtRiCS, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Sara Bole´o MEtRiCS, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Benachir Bouchikhi Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaı¨l University, Meknes, Morocco
Lucas Blandon Naranjo Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Studies (GIEM), Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellı´n, Colombia
Zenilda L. Cardeal Departamento de Quı´mica, Instituto de Cieˆncias Exatas (ICEx) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Rafaela Cardoso ICIST, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Jorge Costa MEtRiCS, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Nazare´ Couto CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Joa˜o Crespo LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Nezha El Bari Biotechnology Agroalimentary and Biomedical Analysis Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaı¨l University, Meknes, Morocco
Celia Dias-Ferreira CERNAS—Research Center for Natural Resources, Environ-ment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Maria Paula Duarte MEtRiCS, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Guangping Fan Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSCAS), Nanjing, China
Ana Luisa Fernando MEtRiCS, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Ana R. Ferreira CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Agnes M. Sa´ Figueiredo Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Isabel M. Fonseca REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Francisco Garcı´a-Herruzo Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Ana Garcı´a-Rubio Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Vikas Gingine ICIST, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Helena I. Gomes CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
CERNAS—Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Marco D.R. Gomes da Silva LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Ce´sar Gomez-Lahoz Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Paula R. Guedes CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Claudia Gutie´rrez Departamento de Ingenierı´a Quı´mica y Ambiental, Universidad Te´cnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaı´so, Chile
Stephen Hall Division of Solid Mechanics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
Henrik K. Hansen Departamento de Ingenierı´a Quı´mica y Ambiental, Universidad Te´cnica Federico Santa Marı´a, Valparaı´so, Chile
Jorge Andre´s Hoyos Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Studies (GIEM), Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellı´n, Colombia
Pernille E. Jensen Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Gunvor M. Kirkelund Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Jose´ M. Loureiro Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Elena Lygina REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Sergiy Lyubchik CQE, Departamento de Engenharia Quı´mica, Instituto Superior Te´cnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Svetlana Lyubchik REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Andriy Lyubchyk CENIMAT, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cer^amica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Ca´tia C. Magro CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Philip Marriott Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
Eduardo P. Mateus CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Miriany A. Moreira Departamento de Quı´mica, Instituto de Cieˆncias Exatas (ICEx) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Luı´s M. Nunes CERIS—Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustain-ability, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
Lisbeth M. Ottosen Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Sibel Pamukcu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Sylwin Pawlowski LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Juan Manuel Paz-Garcı´a Division of Solid Mechanics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
Margarida M. Pinto ISQ-R&D Department, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Porto Salvo, Portugal
Maria Raposo CEFITEC, Departamento de Fı´sica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Jose´ M. Rodrı´guez-Maroto Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Alexandra B. Ribeiro CENSE, Departamento de Cieˆncias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Paulo A. Ribeiro CEFITEC, Departamento de Fı´sica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Matti Ristinmaa Division of Solid Mechanics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
Adria´n Rojo Departamento de Ingenierı´a Quı´mica y Ambiental, Universidad Te´cnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaı´so, Chile
Alejandro Serna Gonza´lez Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Studies (GIEM), Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellı´n, Colombia
Reena A. Shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Department of Petroleum Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Abhu Dhabi, UAE
Margarida Ribau Teixeira CENSE, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
Mario Vı´ctor Va´zquez Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Studies (GIEM), Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellı´n, Colombia
Svetlozar Velizarov LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Carlos Vereda-Alonso Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Marı´a Ville´n-Guzma´n Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ma´laga, Ma´laga, Spain
Angela P. Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Dong-Mei Zhou Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
