4 Social Changes Colonial times.ppt

(1)

Social Changes

• Virginia

• Bacon’s Rebellion-1676 • African slaves

• Stono Rebellion-1739 • Accepting slavery • Family

• Salem witch trials • Immigrants

• Germans

• Scots-Irish

• Currency

• Anglican church • Great Awakening

• Old Lights\New Lights • Deism

• Education

• Enlightenment • John Peter Zenger • Colonial similarities • Influences

• Magna Carta

(2)

General Info

•

Early 1700’s…..colonies began to expand

•

Still want to be “British”

•

What is the largest colony by population?

•

Why?

•

Virginia is the largest colony due to expansion of

tobacco; often planting this before corn to eat

•

Needed more labor……..where?

•

Indentured servants

(3)

Bacon’s

Rebellion-1676

1676

Jamestown, Virginia

• Conflicts between the frontier

settlers and coastal settlers

o taxes, protection from Indians, representation

• Led by Nathaniel Bacon

• It was a revolt of indentured servants upset with Gov. William Berkley’s treatment

• Berkley favored large planters

• Bacon led the rebellion to

Jamestown and burned the city

• He died from dysentery before the rebellion was put down; 22 rebels executed

• Showed the large class

(4)

Africans

Slaves began to be imported from Africa

Why not use Indians?

Not many slaves yet in the colonies

By the mid 1700’s: numbers increased greatly

1 in 3 died on the boats

Africans sold Africans into slavery…why?

(5)

• _{Slaves in SC were among} the worst treated……crop? • As slaves procreated, led

to the creation of their own culture, speech, folklore, etc. A constant fear was revolt

• Stono Rebellion, 1739

o Failed slave revolt in SC

o Largest revolt in colonial times

o Charles Town slaves took guns and headed to Spanish Florida

o Killed 20 on the way

o Caught in a day and killed

o More laws passed for control

(6)

Slavery

causes few

problems

•

Slavery was profitable for England and

the colonies

•

Some protested the slave trade for

(7)

Class division

•

Between large and

small farmers

•

Who controlled most

of the region’s

economy and

politics?

•

Small farmers owned

few if any slaves

•

Slaves were found in

north and south

•

Land less whites and

(8)

Few Cities

•

Fewer cities in the

south……why?

•

Less development

of professionals

like doctors,

lawyers, etc.

•

Life revolved

(9)

Family

•

New England

o Family was the center of life

o Lots of kids

o Child raising was the woman’s job

•

South

o Women earned some rights

o Property rights in some

colonies b\c many men died early from disease

•

NE thought this would

undermine the family

(10)

●

Even with restrictions,

may have had more rights

than in England

– Eliza Lucas Pinckney of SC, ran Dad’s plantation at 17, imported & planted

indigo, survived Indian wars, etc.

(11)

• The most famous place, though not the only place, for witch trials was Salem Village, Mass.

• 165 accused, 55 confessed, 20 executed

• Key figure was Cotton Mather who defended the trials but thought it should be fought with prayer and fasting

• Witch hunts occurred mainly in New England Puritan areas

• They were hanged, not burned as in Europe

• Many were women, but also 42 men were killed and 2 dogs

• Salem hanged 19 and pressed one

(12)

(13)

Fungus among us….

• Toxicologists now know that eating

ergot-contaminated food can lead to a convulsive

disorder characterized by violent muscle

spasms, vomiting, delusions,

hallucinations,

crawling sensations on the skin, and a host of other symptoms

Ergot poisoning

(14)

Immigrants

•Many settled

in south and

middle colonies

•Why not in the

(15)

Germans

•

Most of the

population of the

colonies was?

•

Many Germans

and

Scandinavians

settled in Penn.

Back country

•

Lutheran

(16)

Scots-Irish

•

Non-English group

•

Not all were Irish

•

Many were Scots

pushed into N.

Ireland off their

land

•

Most Scots were

Presbyterian

(17)

Industry

•

The leading

industry was

agricultural based

(90%)

•

In Middle and NE

trade and

shipbuilding began

to develop

•

All colonies

(18)

(19)

Currency

•

To control the

colonies, currency

was limited in the

colonies

•

Only hard

currency used

•

Little paper

(20)

Colonial Churches

•

Two main churches in the colonies

•

Congregational (Puritans)

•

Anglican (Church of Enlgand)

o

Began to lose power

o

No American bishop to appoint ministers, etc.

(21)

Great Awakening

• _{The Puritans began to} focus less on the Puritan ideals and fewer people were going to church • _{Revivals began to occur} • _Great

Awakening-1740’s was a time of

revivals in the church led by (among others) George Whitefield

• _{Whitefield was a great}

actor and a great speaker; he played the part of God and the Devil

• _{Ministers weren’t needed} • _{Jonathan Edwards:}

horrors of hell

• _{Started in the north and} moved down

• _{Led to the creation of new} churches

(22)

Challenges

•

Old Lights were skeptical of the

emotional new ministers

•

New Lights defended the revivals

•

Congregationalists had many problems

with it

•

Many new churches created

(23)

Deism

• Deism is the belief that a supreme God exists and created the physical universe, but it is governed by natural laws

o God doesn’t intervene

(24)

Education

•In NE, religion was the

focus for education

•Led to creation of tax

supported schools (largely

in NE)

•As you went south, fewer

schools and focus on mass

(25)

Writers

• Phillis Wheatley: former slave in NE

o Wrote poems based on NE and religion

• Ben Franklin

(26)

Colonial TMZ

(27)

Ben Franklin Quotes

Poor Richard’s Almanac

• _{Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.}

• _{The Constitution only gives people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it} yourself.

• _{They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither} liberty nor safety.

• _{We are all born ignorant, but one must work hard to remain stupid.} • _{“Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.”}

• _{“A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned”}

• _{In wine there is wisdom, in beer there is Freedom, in water there is bacteria.”} • _{Never ruin an apology with an excuse.”}

• _{By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.”} • _{Instead of cursing the darkness, light a candle.”}

• God helps them that help themselves

• He that lieth down with Dogs, shall rise up with Fleas.

(28)

Can we Talk????

• John Peter Zenger is associated with

freedom of the press

• Zenger accused the Governor of Pa. Of rigging elections,

bribery, etc. and was sued for libel

• _{Zenger was acquitted}

because the jury agreed with him

(29)

Enlightenment

• _{Thomas Hobbes}

(English philosopher) said that people were selfish and evil and need a strong

monarch to control them

• _{People began to}

challenge traditional beliefs in Europe

which effected the colonies

• _{John Locke}_Two Treatises on

Government:

states all men had inalienable rights: life, liberty, property

• _{People made a social}

contract with the king: he could rule as long as he wasn’t a tyrant…….if he did, the people could

revolt

Montesquieu: checks and balances

Voltaire: religious freedom and free speech

(30)

(31)

Colonial Governments

8 R o y a l c o lo n ie s

w it h R o y a l

G o v e r n o r s

3 P r o p r ie t a r y

c o lo n ie s

M d , P e n n , D e l

2 S e lf G o v e r n e d

C o n n . a n d R I

G o v e r n m e n t

Most had bicameral legislatures with an upper house appointed by the king and lower house by the people

(32)

Similarities

•

Despite diversity, colonies had many

similarities

•

What are some?

•

Basic lang.

•

Most Protestant

•

Forms of toleration

•

Similar types of self-govt.

(33)

Courting Candle

(34)

Influences

● _Ancients

– _{Greeks: democracy ( people}

rule by direct vote)

– _{Romans: republic (elected}

representatives) ● _{English Heritage}

– Limited Government-

government obeys the laws

– 1215 Magna Carta- King John I

● _{Gave rights to nobles} ● _{No taxes without consent}

(Parliament)

(35)

Influences

●

Parliament

–

Divided into 2 houses Commons and Lords

●

1689 English Bill of Rights

● _{Offering some basic rights}

● _{no taxes without consent of Parliament, speedy trial, no}

cruel and unusual punishment, right to petition government

Dating through history