Animal Tissues
Animal Tissues
Tissues
Tissues
Group of cells having same origin and
performing a particular function are known as tissues.
1.
1. Epithelial Tissues
Epithelial Tissues (Covering)
(Covering)
Epithelial tissue covers the outer surface
of the body and the outer surfaces of internal organs.
It lines the body cavities and the lumina
of all ducts, vessels, and tubes within the body. In addition, all glands are derived
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CHARACTERISTICS OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
Tissues has large number of cells.
No intercellular spaces. No intercellular spaces.
These cells are supported by a basement
SQUAMOUS
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
EPITHELIUM
Simple Squamous epithelial cells are flat like tiles
that are thinner at edges and swollen at the centre. The swollen part contains nucleus.
Almost hexagonal in shape. No intercellular space. Almost hexagonal in shape. No intercellular space.
They are connected by cementing material.
They are mostly present in outer and inner surfaces
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
NUCLEUS
CUDOIDAL
CUDOIDAL EPITHELIUM
EPITHELIUM
These Cells are cubical in shape.
Appears to be polygonal from surface.
Found in Thyroid gland, sweat gland and ureters.
They help in secretion and absorption of
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
CUBODIAL CELLS
LUMEN OF DUCT
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Simple columnar epithelial tissue has one layer of
cells which are taller than they are wide. This tissue functions in absorption, secretion of mucus, and
digestion using enzymes within their plasma membrane.
membrane.
Their base is narrow and the nucleus is mostly
there.
They are found in inner side of alimentary canal
CILLIATED EPITHELIUM
CILLIATED EPITHELIUM
•The cells of this tissues are round,
cuboidal or conical.
•They possess large number of cilia at
their orders. their orders.
•These cilia beat continuously that
sweeps the materials forward.
•They are found in upper side of mouth,
CILIATED EPITHELIUM
CILIATED EPITHELIUM
This type of epithelial tissue is commonly
is commonly found in the
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
• A complex epithelium which is made up of
large number of layers of cells.
•The cells of innermost layer are arranged on
basement membrane. These cells are living and keep on multiplying. This layer is also called Malpighian layer or Germinative
called Malpighian layer or Germinative layer.
• These cells are round or cuboidal.
• Due to continuous cell division new cells
are added on the outer cells.
• As they move up they become flat & dead. • Outermost layer of this epithelial is made up
MUSCULAR TISSUES
• Muscular tissues are for movement of body
parts.
• They are made up of muscle cells.
• Muscle cells are spindle shaped, cylindrical • Muscle cells are spindle shaped, cylindrical
or long like fibers so they are also known as muscle fibers.
• Muscular cells are made up contractile
Sarcolemma (cell membrane)
Sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) Sarcoplasmic reticulum (modified ER)
Skeletal muscle fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers
T-tubules and myofibrils aid in contraction Sarcomeres – regular arrangement of
MUSCULAR TISSUES
MUSCULAR TISSUES
1.
1. STRAITED MUSCLES OR SKETETAL STRAITED MUSCLES OR SKETETAL MUSCLES
MUSCLES
These muscles are voluntary muscles i.e
their expansion and contraction are in our control.
These muscles are attached to bones
CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAITED MUSCLES CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAITED MUSCLES
Cells are long, cylindrical and branched. The muscle fibers are coenocytic
(multicellular).
Cytoplasm of these cells are known as Cytoplasm of these cells are known as
sarcoplasm, that contains myofibrils arranged parallel to fibers.
Straited muscles get fatigue soon.
Muscle cells are arranged in light and dark
2. NON STRAITED MUSCLES OR 2. NON STRAITED MUSCLES OR
SMOOTH MUSCLES SMOOTH MUSCLES
These tissues are found in the
walls of the involuntary organs
such as blood vessels, intestine
and lungs etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON STRAITED MUSCLES CHARACTERISTICS OF NON STRAITED MUSCLES
Elongated and spindle shaped.
Each fiber contains large single nucleus in
the center.
Do not show alternate dark and light
bands. bands.
These muscles are not in control of
animals hence are called involuntary muscles.
Their contraction is slow so don’t get
CARDIAC MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLES
These tissues are found on the walls of
the heart.
These are short, cylindrical in shape. They
are branched. are branched.
Junction of the cardiac muscle is called
intercalated disc.
Contraction and relaxation occur
Nervous Tissues Location
Nervous Tissues Location
Brain, Nerves and Spinal Cord are
made of these cells.
These tissues are made up of two
types of cells:
types of cells:
1. Neurons
NEURON
NEURON
Neuron Contains two parts : Cyton (Cell
Body) and Axon.
Axon (long part) conducts nerve
impulses. It ends into small branches. impulses. It ends into small branches.
Hairy structures on the cell body are
known as dendrites.
Axon of one neuron and dendron of
Neurons aggregate in large number to
form ganglion.
Axons and Dendron's are enveloped by an
insulating coat to form a nerve fiber. insulating coat to form a nerve fiber.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER 1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
(AEROLAR TISSUE) (AEROLAR TISSUE)
The matrix of this tissue is formed of thick,
homogenous, jelly like substance.
The matrix contains white and yellow fibers.
Components of this tissues are fibroblast,
macrophages, mast cells.
They are found as packing between various organs.
They are also found as packing between skin and
2. Skeletal Connective tissues
2. Skeletal Connective tissues
They provide surface for attachment of muscles They provide surface for attachment of muscles and protects delicate organs. They provide shape and protects delicate organs. They provide shape to the body.
to the body.
They are of two types : They are of two types :
BONE
BONE
Bone is rigid and non-elastic.
The matrix of the bone contains protein
ossein and various salts of calcium. ossein and various salts of calcium.
CARTILAGE
CARTILAGE
It appears in few parts of the body only. It forms the skeleton of Nose and Pinna.
Cell characteristics :
Hyaline cartilage has transparent, elastic matrix Hyaline cartilage has transparent, elastic matrix
which contains fibers that are not visible.
Cartilage cells are known as chondroblasts
that are large with nuclie.
They are in a group of 2-4 cells in fluid filled
3. Liquid Connective Tissue.
3. Liquid Connective Tissue.
It is in liquid form that connects each and
every body parts.
They are of two types Blood and
BLOOD
BLOOD
Liquid connective tissue.
It contains liquid(blood plasma) in which
PLATELETS OR THROMBOCYTES
PLATELETS OR THROMBOCYTES
Platelets are fragments of cells
The job of platelets is to help blood clot
and form a scab
The platelets are involved in the
formation of fibrin, which is needed for formation of fibrin, which is needed for clotting blood
This is useful for stopping bleeding, and
LYMPH
LYMPH
Lymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid, the
fluid which lies in the interstices of all body tissues. Interstitial fluid becomes lymph when it enters a
lymph capillary. The lymph then travels to at least one lymph node before emptying ultimately into the right or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with blood.
Lymph returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to