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Medieval Trading Kingdoms of West Africa

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(1)

Medieval

Trading

Kingdoms

(2)

Ghana

(3)

The people of ancient Ghana were called the Soninke. They called their land Wagadugu and their leader

“Ghana,” which means warchief. The Muslims that they traded with referred to their

(4)

Ghana’s rulers became

wealthy and powerful by

taxing the trade items that

passed through their

(5)
(6)

Salt came from salt

deposits in the Sahara Desert. It is important because people need salt to survive.

(7)

Two methods of harvesting salt from the earth: 1. Scooped up after water had been poured into the salty earth and evaporated,

leaving only the salt.

(8)
(9)

The Wangarans used silent barter to trade their gold.

Silent barter allowed people to trade, even though they spoke

different languages. It also prevented others from

(10)

Trade was important to Ghana, so the king made sure that his trading cities

were safe. The king’s officials made sure that trade was conducted fairly and

(11)

The wealth brought by

control of trade allowed Ghana to create a large

army and conquer surrounding

territories. By the year 800, Ghana had become an empire.

(12)

Conquered rulers paid tribute to the king of Ghana, but were allowed to rule their people as they saw fit.

Along with trade, Muslims brought their religion. This encouraged the growth of literacy, because converts wanted to study the Quran.

While many people converted to Islam, many did not.

Those who converted kept some of their previous beliefs and traditions, combining their new faith, with their

(13)

Ghana’s decline

War and the overuse of natural resources led to the fall of Ghana in the early 1200s.

The Almoravids attacks disrupted trade, and cut off Ghana’s main source of wealth and power.

Animals had overgrazed the grasslands, turning it to desert.

Trees were cut down to fuel furnaces for iron working.

With so many people, animals, and farming, water became too scarce for farming and keeping cattle.

(14)

Overgrazing

Too many animals grazing in 1one area leads to

problems, such as the loss of farmland in W. Africa.

1. Animals are allowed to graze in grassy areas.

2. Too many grazing animals → grass

disappears→ soil exposed to wind

(15)

Use the following 5 facts about the Empire of Ghana to

create a sentence or short paragraph.

Ghana: a medieval kingdom/empire on the Niger river in West

Africa.

*Wealth and power based on salt and gold trade-- taxed trade items that passed through the empire.

*So wealthy, that it was referred to as the “land of gold.”

*Height 1000 C.E.

(16)

Griot interview:

https://www.audible.com/blog/arts-culture/this-man-embodies-a-thousand-years-of-west-african-oral-hi story/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UkQvsqkw3I

Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdrPmZwsXiM

With English translation of story: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw2U5zGRrwA

More:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQMFN-whbEU

With guitar, not quora https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uaiOuxa2Bw

Clip with students-sing along https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9fJYFHhp_Q

Victor Deme--mom was griotte https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx_xlyvgPOAEn substance, il dit (sous réserve de ma

connaissance de la langue Dioula ou Bambara):

Ne nous méprisons pas les uns les autres (pauvres, misérables, riches....) car du jour au lendemain, nos positions peuvent s'inverser: le riche devenir pauvre et vice versa.

Le mépris n'est pas la voie recommandée par Dieu. Nul ne sait de quoi demain sera fait.

Celui dont tu te moques aujourd'hui pourrait, demain, être ton bienfaiteur, ton sauveur. Au moment où certains rient, d'autres pleurent. Ainsi va la vie.

(17)
(18)

The Kingdom of Mali

The people of Mali had been conquered by the Ghana

Empire.

When Ghana lost control of the trade routes, it lost its

source of wealth and the ability to enforce its rule.

(19)

What can you

learn from the

map on the

right?

(20)

Sundiata was Mali’s first

Emperor. He

created the empire of Mali by

conquering Ghana, its trading cities, and the trade

routes.

Mali prospered under Sundiata’s leadership.

(21)

Compare the location the modern country of Mali (on left) and the medieval empire of Mali (on right.)

(22)

Mansa Musa was another great ruler of Mali.

According to many

sources, he was the

richest man of all time.

(23)

Mansa Musa became

Muslim and built

mosques for prayer.

What do you notice about this

(24)
(25)

Interior

What do

(26)
(27)
(28)

Mansa Musa brought

attention to Mali when he went on the Hajj in 1324. When he returned, he had a mosque built in Timbuktu. Timbuktu became a center of attraction. Scholars,

(29)

Mansa Musa

conquered much

more territory. To

govern such a

large area, he

divided the empire

into provinces

(smaller sections)

ruled by

(30)

The Decline of Mali

Mali’s power declined in the 1400s.

The rulers that followed Mansa Musa were poor leaders.

(31)

Songhai gains power

The Songhai had been under the rule of Mali. When Mali lost power, the

Songhai were able to build an army, take over the trade

routes, and expand even further.

(32)
(33)

...and a cavalry (soldiers who fought on

(34)

The fall of Songhai

Songhai was a powerful and advanced empire with a strong army, but lacked modern weapons.

In 1591, they were invaded by a Moroccan army. The swords and spears of the Songhai soldiers were no match for the guns and canons of the Moroccans.

As a result, Songhai fell.

References

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