D60-setting example.pdf

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D60 Line Distance relay

Setting Example

Provided for D60 model

D60-C00-HCH-F8A-H6P-M6P-P6C

Primary Functions

This relay provides 3-pole tripping functions and initiates autoreclosure. The primary purpose of this relay

is 3-zone stepped line phase and ground distance protection, pilot Permissive Overreaching Tripping

scheme. Distance is blocked by VT Fuse Failure, Power Swing Detect and load Enchroachment. Line

Pickup (switch onto the fault) backs up distance on line energization. Autoreclose can be initiated

externally (from L90 relay, for example) and is supervised by synchrocheck. Relay has inputs from breaker

auxiliary contacts, panel pushbuttons, RTU etc, also outputs for trip, alarm, status that are collected by the

HMI and RTU.

VT: VTpri=161000/3V, VTsec=115/3V,  VTR= VTpri/ VTsec=161000/115=1400

CT: CTpri=600, CTsec=5A.  CTR= CTpri/ CTsec=600/5=120

Protected Line:

Length: L=100 km

Line impedance: Z1pri=3585, Z0pri=10580









3

85 1400

120

35

1

1 *

VTR

CTR

*

pri

Z

sec

Z









9

80 1400

120

105

0

0 *

VTR

CTR

*

pri

Z

sec

Z

Normal system impedance of the source behind relay: Sb=60,





5

14 1400

120

60 .

*

VTR

CTR

*

Zb

sec

Zb

Normal system impedance of the source in front of the relay: Sf=70,





6 1400

120 0 *

VTR

CTR

*

Zf

sec

Zf

Minimum system impedance of the source behind relay: Sb_min=80

Minimum system impedance of the source in front of the relay: Sf_min=90

Minimum SLG end of the line fault current with infeed from behind source only is:

A

)

*

(

*

)

pri

Z

pri

Z

*

min

_

Sb

*

(

*

VTpri

min

_

IFgr

672

105

35

2

80

3

3 161000

0

1

2

3

1 









Minimum SLG end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both sources:

A

min

_

Sf

pri

Z

min

_

Sb

min

_

Sf

*

min

_

Sf

pri

Z

min

_

Sb

min

_

Sf

*

)

pri

Z

min

_

Sb

(

min

_

Sf

pri

Z

min

_

Sb

min

_

Sf

*

)

pri

Z

min

_

Sb

(

*

VTpri

min

_

IFgr

255

1

0

1

2

3

2 



















Minimum Three-phase end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both

sources:

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A

min

_

Sf

prim

Z

min

_

Sb

min

_

Sf

*

min

_

Sf

prim

Z

min

_

Sb

min

_

Sf

*

)

prim

Z

min

_

Sb

(

*

VTprim

min

_

ph

IF

885

1

3

3 





Minimum phase-to-phase end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both

sources:

A

min*

_

ph

IF

min

_

ph

IF

767

2

3

2 



Maximum load current allowed is: IL = 600A =1.0pu,

 load impedance is





13 .

3 IL

*

3 CTR

sec*

VT

sec

ZL

PRODUCT SETUP

Fault Report

A report is produced when the tripping elements issue a trip signal via assigned virtual output. (VO-1).

Setting name Example setting User setting Comment Fault Report Source SRC 1 Fault report source

Fault Report Trigger TRIP On (VO1) Fault report trigger

Oscillography

A report is produced when the trip output element issues a trip signal via (VO-1). Three phase voltages, three

phase currents and digital states as noted below are recorded.

Setting name Example setting User setting Comment Number Of Records 10 Number of records stored Trigger Mode

Automatic

Overwrite Mode (Overwrite or protected) Trigger Position 30% Pre-fault and post-fault data Trigger Source TRIP On (VO1) Oscillography Trigger AC Input Waveforms

16

samples/cycle Sampling rate

Digital channels captured:

Channel name Example setting User setting Comment Digital Channel 01 PH DIST Z1 OP

Digital Channel 02 PH DIST Z2 OP Digital Channel 03 PH DIST Z3 OP Digital Channel 04 GND DIST Z1 OP Digital Channel 05 GND DIST Z2 OP Digital Channel 06 GND DIST Z3 OP Digital Channel 07 LINE PICKUP OP Digital Channel 08 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP Digital Channel 09 POWER SWING BLOCK Digital Channel 10 BREAKER 1 CLOSED Digital Channel 11 BREAKER 2 CLOSED Digital Channel 12 SYNC 1 CLS OP Digital Channel 13 SYNC 1 SYNC OP Digital Channel 14 SYNC 1 DEAD S OP Digital Channel 15 POTT OP

Digital Channel 16 LATCH 1 ON Digital Channel 17 AR ENABLED Digital Channel 18 AR RIP Digital Channel 19 AR LO

Digital Channel 20 AR CLOSE BKR 1 Digital Channel 21 AR CLOSE BKR 2 Digital Channel 22 AR RESET

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Digital Channel 24 ALL BRK OPEN On (VO12)

Digital Channel 25 LINE PICKUP UV PKP Digital Channel 26 LOAD ENCHR OP Digital Channel 27 Digital Channel 28 Digital Channel 29 Digital Channel 30 Digital Channel 31 Digital Channel 32 Digital Channel 33 Digital Channel 34 Digital Channel 35 Digital Channel 36 Digital Channel 37 Digital Channel 38 Digital Channel 39 Digital Channel 40 Digital Channel 41 Digital Channel 43 Digital Channel 44 Digital Channel 45 Digital Channel 46 Digital Channel 47 Digital Channel 48

User-Programmable LEDs

The TRIP LED is illuminated when the protection elements issue a trip signal. This LED is latched

.

The ALARM LED is illuminated when ANY MAJOR ERROR is detected. This LED is self-reset.

Setting name Example setting User setting Comment

Trip LED Input

TRIP On (VO1)

Alarm LED Input

ANY MAJOR ERROR

Other LEDs are assigned as follows:

Setting name Example setting User setting

LED # Operand Type

LED 1: OPERAND SETTING GROUP ACT 1 Self-Reset LED 9: OPERAND BREAKER 1 OPEN Self-Reset LED 10: OPERAND BREAKER 1 CLOSED Self-Reset LED 14: OPERAND BREAKER 2 OPEN Self-Reset LED 15: OPERAND BREAKER 2 CLOSED Self-Reset LED 17: OPERAND SYNC 1 SYNC OP Self-Reset LED 21: OPERAND AR ENABLED Self-Reset LED 22: OPERAND AR DISABLED Self-Reset LED 23: OPERAND AR RIP Self-Reset LED 24: OPERAND AR LO Self-Reset LED 25: OPERAND PILOT GR TR. On (VO9) Latched LED 26: OPERAND PILOT PH TR. On (VO8) Latched LED 28: OPERAND PH DIST Z1 OP Latched LED 29: OPERAND PH DIST Z2 OP Latched LED 30: OPERAND PH DIST Z3 OP Latched LED 32: OPERAND LINE PICKUP OP Latched LED 33: OPERAND GND DIST Z1 OP Latched LED 34: OPERAND GND DIST Z2 OP Latched LED 35: OPERAND GND DIST Z3 OP Latched LED 36: OPERAND RECL SUCCESS On (VO6) Latched LED 37: OPERAND SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP Self-Reset LED 38: OPERAND POWER SWING BLOCK Latched LED 40: OPERAND POTT OP Latched

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LED 41: OPERAND TripCirALARM On (VO19) Self-Reset LED 43: OPERAND BUS CB PRESS OK (M7c) Self-Reset

User-Definable Displays

Screen 1 will display three phase current magnitudes (RMS values)..

Screens 2, 3, 4 will display the three phase-to-ground voltage magnitudes (RMS values).

Screens 5 will display the AB phase-to-phase voltage magnitudes (RMS values).

Name Example setting User setting

DISPLAY # Top Line Bottom Line Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 USER DISPLAY 1 SRC 1 RMS Ia:~ b:~ c:~ 6144 6146 6148 USER DISPLAY 2 SRC 1 RMS Vag: ~ 6656

USER DISPLAY 3 SRC 1 RMS Vbg: ~ 6658 USER DISPLAY 4 SRC 1 RMS Vcg: ~ 6660 USER DISPLAY 5 SRC 1 RMS Vab: ~ 6671

Installation

Name Example setting User setting Comment

Relay Settings Programmed Relay have to be set to Programmed to be operational Relay Name Relay-1 Relay unique name has to be assigned (tagged on events etc)

SYSTEM SETUP

AC Inputs

Current:

Name Example setting User setting Comment F1: Phase CT Primary 600 A =CTpri

CT F1: Phase CT Secondary 5 A =CTsec

CT F1: Ground CT Primary 600 A =CTpri of parallel line. Ground CT primary nominal (mutual coupling compensation)

CT F1: Ground CT Secondary 5 A =CTsec of parallel line. Ground CT secondary nominal (mutual coupling compensation)

Voltage:

Name Example setting User setting Comment VT F5: Phase VT Connection Wye VT group: delta or wye

VT F5: Phase VT Secondary 66.4 V =VTsec/3 VT F5: Phase VT Ratio 1400.00 :1 =VTpri/VTsec

VT F5: Auxiliary VT Connection Vag 1-phase VT (for synchrocheck)

VT F5: Auxiliary VT Secondary 66.4 V =VTsec/3 (1-phase VT secondary nominal) VT F5: Auxiliary VT Ratio 1400.00 :1 =VTpri/VTsec

Power System

Power system parameters are defined here

Name Example setting User setting Comment Nominal Frequency 60 Hz 60Hz or 50 Hz system

Phase Rotation ABC System rotation Frequency And Phase

Reference SRC 1 Source for frequency tracking Frequency Tracking Function Enabled Enable is recommended

Signal Sources

2 sources are available per one DSP module. They have to be configured accordingly required functionality

and connections.

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SOURCE 1: Name SRC 1 Name of the 3-phase CT, VT sources for distance, metering etc

SOURCE 1: Phase CT F1 3-phase line CT circuitry (connected to F1, F2 and F3 channels)

SOURCE 1: Ground CT F1 If used and connected: 1-phase parallel line CT (3I0) for mutual comp. (F4 channel).

SOURCE 1: Phase VT F5 3-phase VT for distance, metering etc (F5, F6, F7 channels)

SOURCE 1: Auxiliary VT None Auxiliary VT not used for this source

SOURCE 2: Name SRC 2 Name of source #2 (used for synchrocheck function) SOURCE 2: Phase CT None

SOURCE 2: Ground CT None SOURCE 2: Phase VT None

SOURCE 2: Auxiliary VT F5 Synchronizing 1-phase voltage (F8)

Line

Line positive and zero-sequence impedance in secondary ohms, used for fault locator

Name Example setting User setting Comment Pos Seq Impedance Magnitude 3.00 ohms =Z1sec Mag

Pos Seq Impedance Angle 85 ° =Z1sec Ang Zero Seq Impedance

Magnitude

9.00 ohms =Z0sec Mag

Zero Seq Impedance Angle 80 ° =Z0sec Ang Line Length Units km

Line Length 100

Breaker 1 Control

This element is used for tracking 52a bus CB poles state and passing this data to other elements. It is also

used for driving the faceplate open and closed indicators.

Name Example setting User setting Comment BREAKER 1: Function Enabled Enabling the function BREAKER 1: Push Button Control Disabled Faceplate pushbuttons BREAKER 1: Name Bkr 1 Name of the breaker BREAKER 1: Mode 3-Pole Mode 1-pole or 3-pole BREAKER 1: Open OFF Operand driving open coil BREAKER 1: Close OFF Operand driving close coil BREAKER 1: Phase A/3-Pole

BUS CB 52A On(H7c)

Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. A or 3-pole

BREAKER 1: Phase B OFF Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. B BREAKER 1: Phase C OFF Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. C BREAKER 1: External Alarm OFF Alarm like Low pressure BREAKER 1: Alarm Delay 0.000 s Alarm delay

BREAKER 1: Manual Close Recal

Time 0.000 s

Limits the duration of manual close cmd

Breaker 2 Control

This element is used for tracking 52a tie CB poles state and passing this data to other elements. It is also used

for driving the faceplate open and closed indicators. Settings are identical to breaker 1.

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GND DIST Z1 OP GND DIST Z2 OP GND DIST Z3 OP OR OROR 2 GR TRIP (VO2) PH DIST Z1 OP PH DIST Z2 OP PH DIST Z3 OP GND DIST Z1 OP GND DIST Z2 OP GND DIST Z3 OP POTT OP LINE PICKUP OP OR OR OR 1 TRIP (VO1)

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PH DIST Z1 OP PH DIST Z2 OP PH DIST Z3 OP OR OROR 3 PH TRIP (VO3) PH DIST Z1 OP GND DIST Z1 OP POTT OP

RECLOSE INIT ON(H7A)

OR

4

LATCH 1 ON

BUS CB PRESS ON(M7C)

AND

ANDAND

5

RECLOSE INIT (VO4)

AR CLOSE BKR 1

SYNC 1 SYNC OP

BUS CB PRESS ON(M7C)

AND

ANDAND

6

CLOSE BRK (VO5)

CLOSE BRK ON (VO5) 7 0 min_{Timer 4} 4 min ANY BRK CLD ON (VO11) AND AND AND 8 2 min Timer 5

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POTT OP PH DIST Z2 OP AND ANDAND 9 PILOT PH TR (VO8) POTT OP GND DIST Z2 OP AND ANDAND 10 PILOT GR TR (VO9) SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

POWER SWING BLOCK

LOAD ENCHR OP OR OROR 11 BLOCK 21P (VO10) BREAKER 1 CLOSED BREAKER 2 CLOSED OR OROR 12 ANY BRK CLD (VO11) BREAKER 1 OPEN BREAKER 2 OPEN AND ANDAND 13

ALL BRK OPEN (VO12)

BREAKER 1 CLOSED

TRIP BUS CB VOFF (H1)

AND ANDAND

14 300 min

Timer 6

200 min TRIPCIRALARM (VO19)

SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

TRIPCIRALARM ON (VO19)

OR OROR

15

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Entry Example setting User setting Comment FlexLogic Entry 1 PH DIST Z1 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 2 PH DIST Z2 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 3 PH DIST Z3 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 4 GND DIST Z1 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 5 GND DIST Z2 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 6 GND DIST Z3 OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 7 POTT OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 8 LINE PICKUP OP Function assigned to cause a trip FlexLogic Entry 9 OR(8)

FlexLogic Entry 10 = TRIP (VO1) Tripping gate assigned to Trip contacts

FlexLogic Entry 11 GND DIST Z1 OP FlexLogic Entry 12 GND DIST Z2 OP FlexLogic Entry 13 GND DIST Z3 OP FlexLogic Entry 14 OR(3)

FlexLogic Entry 15 = GR TRIP (VO2) Any Ground Distance zone operation

FlexLogic Entry 16 PH DIST Z1 OP FlexLogic Entry 17 PH DIST Z2 OP FlexLogic Entry 18 PH DIST Z3 OP FlexLogic Entry 19 OR(3)

FlexLogic Entry 20 = PH TRIP (VO3) Any Phase Distance zone operation FlexLogic Entry 21 PH DIST Z1 OP

FlexLogic Entry 22 GND DIST Z1 OP FlexLogic Entry 23 POTT OP

FlexLogic Entry 24 RECLOSE INIT On(H7a) FlexLogic Entry 25 OR(4)

FlexLogic Entry 26 LATCH 1 ON

FlexLogic Entry 27 BUS CB PRESS On(M7c) FlexLogic Entry 28 AND(3)

FlexLogic Entry 29 = RECLOSE INIT (VO4) Gate assigned to initiate reclose FlexLogic Entry 30 AR CLOSE BKR 1

FlexLogic Entry 31 SYNC 1 SYNC OP FlexLogic Entry 32 BUS CB PRESS On(M7c) FlexLogic Entry 33 AND(3)

FlexLogic Entry 34 = CLOSE BRK (VO5) Breaker close command, autoreclose with synchcheck FlexLogic Entry 35 CLOSE BRK On (VO5)

FlexLogic Entry 36 NEGATIVE ONE SHOT FlexLogic Entry 37 TIMER 4

FlexLogic Entry 38 ANY BRK CLD On (VO11) At least one breaker closed FlexLogic Entry 39 AND(2)

FlexLogic Entry 40 TIMER 5

FlexLogic Entry 41 = RECL SUCCESS (VO6) Identification of successful reclosure

FlexLogic Entry 42 POTT OP FlexLogic Entry 43 PH DIST Z2 OP FlexLogic Entry 44 AND(2)

FlexLogic Entry 45 = PILOT PH TR (VO8) Identification of pilot phase trip FlexLogic Entry 46 POTT OP

FlexLogic Entry 47 GND DIST Z2 OP FlexLogic Entry 48 AND(2)

FlexLogic Entry 49 = PILOT GR TR (VO9) Identification of pilot ground trip FlexLogic Entry 50 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

FlexLogic Entry 51 POWER SWING BLOCK FlexLogic Entry 52 LOAD ENCHR OP FlexLogic Entry 53 OR(3)

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FlexLogic Entry 54 = BLOCK 21P (VO10) Blocking of phase distance FlexLogic Entry 55 BREAKER 1 CLOSED

FlexLogic Entry 56 BREAKER 2 CLOSED FlexLogic Entry 57 OR(2)

FlexLogic Entry 58 = ANY BRK CLD (VO11) Identification of at least one breaker open state

FlexLogic Entry 59 BREAKER 1 OPEN

FlexLogic Entry 60 BREAKER 2 OPEN Identification of both breakers closed state

FlexLogic Entry 61 AND(2)

FlexLogic Entry 62 = ALL BRK OPEN (VO12) FlexLogic Entry 63 BREAKER 1 CLOSED FlexLogic Entry 64 TRIP BUS CB VOff (H1) FlexLogic Entry 65 AND(2)

FlexLogic Entry 66 TIMER 6

FlexLogic Entry 67 = TripCirALARM (VO19) Trip circuit alarm when breaker 1 is closed

FlexLogic Entry 68 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP FlexLogic Entry 69 TripCirALARM On (VO19) FlexLogic Entry 70 OR(2)

FlexLogic Entry 71 = Crit alarm (VO20) Critical alarm form either VTFF or Trip Circ. Alarm

Flexlogic Timers

Timer Exmaple setting User setting Comment # units PKP DPO

1 second 0 1 Spare

2 second 0 1 Spare

3 second 0 1 Spare

4 second 0 4 Delay to identify successful autorelosure 5 second 2 1 Delay to identify successful autorelosure 6 millisecond 300 200 Delay to set Trip Circuit Supervivon alarm

Flexelements

Can be used to create user-required protection elements.

Non-volatile latches

Latch #1 used to memorize Autoreclose Enable/Disable command from either pushbuttons or RTU

Name Example setting User setting Comment LATCH 1: Function Enabled

LATCH 1: Type Reset Dominant Reset or Set dominant LATCH 1: Set 79 SET On(H8c) Operand causing Set position LATCH 1: Reset 79 RESET On(M8c) Operand causing Reset position LATCH 1: Target Disabled

LATCH 1: Events Enabled

GROUPED ELEMENTS - GROUP 1

LINE PICKUP (Group 1)

This element performs the switch-on-to-fault function.

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment Function Enabled

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Phase IOC Line Pickup 1.05 pu =IFgr_min1*0.9/CTpri=672*0.9/600=1.05 pu (factor 0.9 is used to ensure operation for current below minimum fault current)

UV Pickup 0.700 pu No-voltage check

Line End Open Pickup Delay 0.150 s Line End Open Reset Delay 0.090 s

OV Pickup Delay 0.040 s Time window of opportunity for Line Pickup operation, when voltage builds up.

Autoreclose Coordination Bypass

Enabled No high-speed reclosure is used for this application

Autoreclose Coordination Pickup Delay

0.045 s

Autoreclose Coordination Reset Delay

0.005 s

Terminal Open ALL BRK OPEN On (VO12)

Indication from breakers that line is de-energized AR Accelerate OFF Block OFF Target Latched Events Enabled

Distance (Group 1)

Specifies common for all distance elements settings.

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment

Source SRC 1

Source for 3-phase voltage and current for distance

Memory Duration 10 cycles Duration of the memory Force Self-Polar OFF

Operand to reset memory if needed in special cases

Phase Distance Z1

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment PH DIST Z1: Function Enabled

PH DIST Z1: Direction Forward Direction: Forward or Reverse PH DIST Z1: Shape Mho Shape MHO or QUAD

PH DIST Z1: Xfmr Vol Connection None Needed if VTs are located after transform. PH DIST Z1: Xfmr Curr Connection None Needed if CTs are located after transform. PH DIST Z1: Reach 2.55 ohms =Z1sec*0.85=3*0.85=2.55 (reach is set to

85% of the line length)

PH DIST Z1: RCA 85 °

Line positive sequence impedance angle.

PH DIST Z1: Comp Limit 90 °

This produces a circular Mho

characteristic

PH DIST Z1: DIR RCA 85 °

Line positive sequence impedance angle for

direct. checks

PH DIST Z1: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Blinders for directional lines PH DIST Z1: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only PH DIST Z1: Quad Right Blinder

RCA

85 ° Used for QUAD only PH DIST Z1: Quad Left Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only PH DIST Z1: Quad Left Blinder RCA 85 ° Used for QUAD only

PH DIST Z1: Supervision 1.00 pu <0.8*IF2ph_min/CTpri<0.8*767/600<1.02pu setting 1.0pu is chosen

PH DIST Z1: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors PH DIST Z1: Delay 0.000 s Element delay

PH DIST Z1: Block BLOCK 21P On (VO10)

Blocking for defined conditions PH DIST Z1: Target Latched Target mode

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Phase Distance Z2

PH DIST Z2: Direction Forward PH DIST Z2: Shape Mho PH DIST Z2: Xfmr Vol Connection None PH DIST Z2: Xfmr Curr Connection None

PH DIST Z2: Reach 3.75 ohms =Z1sec*1.25=3*1.25=3.75 (reach is set to

125% of the line length)

PH DIST Z2: RCA 85 °

Line positive sequence impedance angle.

PH DIST Z2: Comp Limit 90 °

This produces a circular Mho

characteristic

PH DIST Z2: DIR RCA 85 °

Line positive sequence impedance angle for

direct. checks

PH DIST Z2: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Blinders for directional lines PH DIST Z2: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only PH DIST Z2: Quad Right Blinder

RCA

PH DIST Z2: Supervision 0.680 pu =Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=1*2.55/3.75= 0.68pu

Phase Distance Z3

PH DIST Z3: Direction Forward PH DIST Z3: Shape Mho PH DIST Z3: Xfmr Vol Connection None PH DIST Z3: Xfmr Curr Connection None

PH DIST Z3: Reach 6.00 ohms 2 conditions:

>1.25*Z2reach>1.25*3.75>4.69

< ZLsec /2<13.3/2<6.65 (allowing for 200%

emergency line overload)

Zone reach is chosen 6 secondary Ohms

PH DIST Z3: RCA 85 ° Line impedance angle for distance PH DIST Z3: Comp Limit 90 ° This produces a circular Mho

characteristic

PH DIST Z3: DIR RCA 85 ° Line impedance angle for direct. checks PH DIST Z3: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Blinders for directional lines

PH DIST Z3: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only PH DIST Z3: Quad Right Blinder

RCA

PH DIST Z3: Supervision 0.430 pu =Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z3reach=1*2.55/6=0.43 pu

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Phase Distance Z4 (not used)

GROUND DISTANCE

Notes on ground distance settings:

Setting “

Ground Dist Z0/Z1 Mag”

This setting specifies the ratio between the zero sequence and positive sequence impedance magnitudes

required for zero sequence compensation of the ground distance elements.

Setting “

Ground Dist Z0/Z1 Ang”

This setting specifies the angular difference between the zero sequence and positive sequence impedances

required for zero sequence compensation of the ground distance elements. The value to be entered is the zero

sequence impedance angle minus the positive sequence impedance angle. It can be positive or negative sign.

The two settings above are provided in all zone elements to provide precision in the event of tapped,

non-homogenous or series compensated lines.

Calculation of Compensation Settings:

For Positive Sequence Z1 = 385

and Zero Sequence Z0=985 in secondary ohms

Then: Z0/Z1 MAG = 9/3 = 3 and Z0/Z1 ANG = 80– 85 = -5

Ground Distance Z1

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment GR DISTANCE Z1: Function Enabled

GR DISTANCE Z1: Direction Forward

GR DISTANCE Z1: Shape Quad Shape of the element

GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0/Z1 Mag 3.0 See calculations above, zero- sequence compensation Magnitude

GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0/Z1 Ang -5 ° See calculations above, zero- sequence compensation Angle

GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude. ZOMmag=abs(ZM)/abs(Z1), where ZM is mutual impedance.

GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 ° Zero sequence mutual compens. Angle ZOMang=ang(ZM/Z1)

GR DISTANCE Z1: Reach 2.55 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z1 reach GR DISTANCE Z1: RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angle. GR DISTANCE Z1: Comp Limit 90 ° Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line

GR DISTANCE Z1: DIR RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angel for direct. checks

GR DISTANCE Z1: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Used for base directional lines, 90 -straight line

GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Right Blinder

3.5 ohms 2 conditions:

>1.25*(25+2.6)*CTR/VTR>2.96 (where 25 is desired primary fault resistance to detect and 2.6 is line primary resistance at the zone end)

<4*Z1Reach<4*2.55<10.2 3.5 setting is chosen GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Right

Blinder RCA

85 ° Set equal to line RCA angle GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Left

Blinder

1.70 ohms 2 conditions:

<IL/2<13.3/2<6.85 (to allow 200% overload) <Zright_blinder/2=3.5/2<1.75

1.7 setting is chosen GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Left

Blinder RCA

85 ° Set equal to line RCA angle

GR DISTANCE Z1: Supervision 0.34 pu <0.8*IFgr_min2/CTpri<0.8*255/600<0.34pu setting 0.34pu is chosen

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GR DISTANCE Z1: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors GR DISTANCE Z1: Delay 0.000 s Element delay

GR DISTANCE Z1: Block SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

Blocking for defined conditions GR DISTANCE Z1: Target Latched Target mode

Ground Distance Z2

GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude. GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 ° Zero sequence mutual compens. angle GR DISTANCE Z2: Reach 3.75 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z2 reach GR DISTANCE Z2: RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angle GR DISTANCE Z2: Comp Limit 90 ° Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line

GR DISTANCE Z2: DIR RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angle for direct. checks

GR DISTANCE Z2: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Used for base directional line, 90 -straight line

GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Right Blinder

5.13 ohms =GRZ1right_blind*Z2reach/Z1reach=3.5*3.75 /2.55=5.13

GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Right Blinder RCA

GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Left Blinder 2.50 ohms =GRZ1left_blind*Z2reach/Z1reach=1.7*3.75/ 2.55=2.5

GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Left Blinder RCA

85 ° Set equal to line RCA angle GR DISTANCE Z2: Supervision 0.23 pu Overcurrent supervision

=Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=0.34*2.55/3.7 5=0.23pu

Ground Distance Z3

GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude. GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 ° Zero sequence mutual compens. angle GR DISTANCE Z3: Reach 6.00 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z3 reach GR DISTANCE Z3: RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angle GR DISTANCE Z3: Comp Limit 90 ° Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line

GR DISTANCE Z3: DIR RCA 85 ° Line positive sequence impedance angle for direct. checks

GR DISTANCE Z3: DIR Comp Limit 90 ° Used for base directional line, 90 -straight line GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Right 8.20 ohms =GRZ2right_blind*Z3reach/Z2reach=5.13*6.0/

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Blinder 3.75=8.2

GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Right Blinder RCA

GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Left Blinder 4.00 ohms =GRZ2left_blind*Z3reach/Z2reach=2.5*6.0/3. 75=4.0

GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Left Blinder RCA

85 ° Set equal to line RCA angle GR DISTANCE Z3: Supervision 0.15 pu Overcurrent supervision

=Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=0.34*2.55/6=0 .15pu

Ground Distance Z4 (not used)

POWER SWING DETECT [GROUP 1]

Power Swing is used to block phase distance

As MHO Zone 3 is blocked by Power Swing Blocking,

The Inner Limit Angle is established by

co-ordination with Zone 3. Goal is to find where

swing locus intersects Zone 3 (point 2), take a safety margin

of 25% (point 3) and establish angle.

1. Point 1 is middle of sources and line impedances

and is calculated as follows



















5

14

1

93

2

6

14

5

3

2

1

1 0

.

Zb

Zf

Z

sec sec sec sec

2. Point 2 is intersection of MHO zone 3 and swing trajectory

















_ _ 

Z

(

Z

3 Z

1 .

93 (

3

1 .

93 )

1 .

44 Z

₁ ₂ ₀ ₁ _reach ₀ ₁

3. Point 3 is safety margin

     3 15 1 2 15 144 216 1 . *Z . * . . Z

4. Inner Limit Angle is;

    

34

73

2

180

16

2

07

7

2

180

2

1

2

180

3 1

























)

.

arctan(

)

Z

Zb

Zf

Z

arctan(

ILA

sec sec sec

As minimum setting for ILA is 40, ILA is set to 40 and Z

1-3

is re-calculated using 40 angle;









 

2

57

70

07

7

2

1

2 40 180 3 1

.

)

tan(

.

)

tan(

Zb

Zf

Z

sec sec sec   

5. Outer Limit Impedance from point 1 to point 4 is determined by maximum load, assumed exporting load at 30;

















₄

0

8

30

0

8

13

3

85

30

6

1

.

ZL

cos(

RCA

)

.

cos(

)

.

Z

sec   

Consequently, Outer Limit Angle (OLA) is determined similarly to ILA as follows;

2 ₃ 0 1 4

R

X

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    

82

2

49

2

180

1

6

07

7

2

180

4

2

1

2

180 





















)

.

arctan(

)

Z

Zb

Zf

Z

arctan(

OLA

sec sec sec

6. Average rotor velocity during stable power swing is 2 slip cycles per second (real number has to be confirmed

with system studies) δ

=2cyc/sec

Then Delay 1 Timer (D1T) is determined as;

sec

.

sec

.

f

cyc

ILA

OLA

T

D

nom

058

0

60

2

017

0

360

40

82

360

1 













   

_

Source SRC 1 3-phase source with line current and voltage

Shape Mho Shape Shape MHO or QUAD

Mode Two Step Mode 2-step or 3-setp Supv 0.600 pu Overcurrent supervison

Fwd Reach 11.25 ohms 1.25*(Z1pri+Sf)*CTR/VTR 1.25*(35+70)*120/140 0 11.25

1.5*Z3reach 1.5*6 9 (or Z4reach if used) 11.25 is chosen

Quad Fwd Mid 60.00 ohms Fwd reach for Quad middle zone (not used here) Quad Fwd Out 30.00 ohms Fwd reach for Quad outer zone (not used here) Fwd Rca 85 º Forward RCA, set equal to line impedance angle Rev Reach 6.50 ohms 1.25*Sb* CTR/VTR 1.25*60*120/1400 6.43

6.5 is chosen

Quad Rev Mid 60.00 ohms Reverse reach for middle zone in secondary Ohms Quad Rev Out 30.00 ohms Reverse reach for outer zone in secondary Ohms Rev Rca 85 º Reverse RCA, set equal to line impedance angle Outer Limit Angle 89 º =89, see calculations above

Middle Limit Angle 90 º Setting defines the MHO middle shape, not used Inner Limit Angle 40 º =40, see calculations above

Outer Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Outer shape right blinder resistive reach Outer Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Outer shape left blinder resistive reach Middle Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Middle shape right blinder resistive reach Middle Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Middle shape left blinder resistive reach Inner Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Inner shape right blinder resistive reach Inner Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Inner shape left blinder resistive reach Delay 1 Pickup 0.058 s =0.058s, see calculations above

Delay 1 Reset 0.050 s This setting defines reset of the power swing when locus leaves outer shape.

Delay 2 Pickup 0.017 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not used for this application)

Seal-In Delay 0.400 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not used for this application)

Trip Mode Delayed This setting is used for out-of-step function (not used for this application)

Block OFF Blocks out-of-step function (not used for this application)

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LOAD ENCROACHMENT (used to block phase distance Z1, Z2 and Z3 elements)

Source SRC 1

3-phase AC source

Min Volt 0.750 pu

Setting determines the positive sequence voltage

below which element is blocked

Reach 6.65 ohms

=ZLsec/2,

Resistive reach of the element in

secondary ohm, allowing for 200% emergency

loadings

Angle 35 °

Setting specifies the size of the blocking region,

should reflect maximum load angle

Pickup Delay 0.000 s

Delay on pickup, if used to block time-delayed

zones, should be less than zones delay

Reset Delay 0.000 s

Delay on dropout

Block OFF

Can be used to block element for certain conditions, for example VT fuse failure Target Self-reset

Events Enabled

CONTROL ELEMENTS

Setting Groups 2 through 6-Not Used.

Trip Output-not used as single-pole tripping is not required

Synchrocheck

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment SYNCHROCHECK1:

Function

Enabled

SYNCHROCHECK1: Block OFF SYNCHROCHECK1: V1 Source SRC 1 1st voltage source SYNCHROCHECK1: V2 Source SRC 2 2nd voltage source SYNCHROCHECK1: Max Volt Diff

10000 V Maximum allowed voltage difference SYNCHROCHECK1: Max

Angle Diff

30 ° Maximum allowed angle difference SYNCHROCHECK1: Max

Freq Diff

1.00 Hz Maximum allowed frequency difference SYNCHROCHECK1: Freq

Hysteresis

0.06 Hz Frequency pickup/dropout hysteresis SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead

Source Select

LV1 and DV2 Dead/Live source selection. Line voltage- dead , bus voltage- live

SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead V1 Max Volt

0.30 pu Minimum SRC1 (line voltage) for synchcheck to consider voltage Dead

SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead V2 Max Volt

0.30 pu Minimum SRC2 (bus voltage) for synchcheck to consider voltage Dead

SYNCHROCHECK1: Live V1 Min Volt

0.70 pu Maximum SRC1 (line voltage) for synchcheck to consider voltage Live

SYNCHROCHECK1: Live V2 Min Volt

0.70 pu Maximum SRC2 (bus voltage) for synchcheck to consider voltage Live

SYNCHROCHECK1: Target

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Digital Elements-not used

Digital Counters-not used

VT Fuse Failure

This element is used for blocking the distance elements and issuing a critical alarm.

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment VT FUSE FAILURE 1: Function Enabled VT Fuse Fail has to be enabled

Open Pole Detector-not used

Pilot Scheme POTT

Permissive Echo Disabled Needed for weak-infeed applications (not used for this application)

Echo Condition OFF Permissive echo oper. for weak-infeed applications, (not used for this application) Rx Pickup Delay 0.000 s Needed to cope with possible spurious Rx signal Trans Block Pickup Delay 0.020 s Transient blocking; needed to block distance

during current reversals due to sequential tripping on the parallel lines

Trans Block Reset Delay 0.090 s Reset of transient blocking Echo Duration 0.100 s Duration of the echo Echo Lockout 0.250 s

Line End Open Pickup Delay 0.050 s Echo pickup on the breaker open conditions Seal-In Delay 0.010 s Seal-in delay

Gnd Dir OC Fwd OFF Directional ground can supplement distance (not used for this application)

No of Comm Bits 1 Number of comms bits

Rx1 SPARE On(H8a) Contact Input for received signal

Rx2 OFF

Rx3 OFF

Rx4 OFF

Target Latched

Autoreclose

Mode 3 Pole - B Mode: single-pole, 3-pole etc Max Number Of Shots 1 Number of shots

Block BKR1 OFF General Block is used

Close Time BKR1 0.10 s Duration of the close command, should be greater than maximum breaker close time including aux. Contact BKR Man Close OFF Blocking of AR when breaker closed by

operator from switch or SCADA. Blk Time Upon Man Cls 10.00 s Duration of the AR blocking upon

manual close

1-P Init OFF Used in single-pole tripping 3-P Init RECLOSE INIT On

(VO4)

Initiation of the 3-pole autoreclose from TPC specified functions

3-P TD Init OFF Time delayed initiation (not used for this application)

Multi P Fault OFF Used in single-pole tripping BKR 1 Pole Open OFF Used in single-pole tripping

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Control automatically 3-P Dead Time 1 1.00 s 3-pole dead time for 1st shot 3-P Dead Time 2 1.20 s 2nd shot is not used

Extend Dead T1 OFF Extension of the Dead Time 1(not used for this application)

Dead T1 Extension 0.50 s Extension of the Dead Time 1(not used for this application)

Reset OFF Custom reset if needed

Reset Time 10.00 s Reset time after successful reclose BKR Closed OFF Breaker status is brought from Breaker

Control automatically

Block LATCH 1 OFF Blocking AR from Reset pushbutton Pause OFF Allows freezing of the recluse cycle,

not used

Inc Seq Time 15.00 s Incomplete sequence time to lockout Block BKR2 OFF Not needed for single-breaker

application

Close Time BKR2 0.10 s Not needed for single-breaker application

Transfer 1 to 2 No Not needed for single-breaker application

Transfer 2 to 1 No Not needed for single-breaker application

BKR1 Fail Option Continue Not needed for single-breaker application

BKR2 Fail Option Continue Not needed for single-breaker application

1-P Dead Time 1.00 s 1-pole tripping

BKR Sequence 1 & 2 Both breakers (if used) reclose simultaneously

Transfer Time 4.00 s Transfer time from one breaker to another

Event Enabled

Contact Inputs

Example setting User setting Comment ID Name Debounce

Time

Events

H7A RECLOSE INIT 2.0 ms Enabled

H7C BUS CB 52A 2.0 ms Enabled Bus CB auxiliary contact H8A SPARE 2.0 ms Disabled

H8C 79 SET 2.0 ms Enabled Input from Set pushbutton M7A TIE CB 52A 2.0 ms Enabled Tie CB auxiliary contact M7C BUS CB PRESS 2.0 ms Enabled

M8A SPARE 2.0 ms Enabled

M8C 79 RESET 2.0 ms Enabled Input from Reset pushbutton

Contact Input Thresholds

Set To 84 Volts for 125 Volt batteries.

Contact Outputs

The critical failure output is used in parallel with VT Fuse Fail and Trip Circuit supervision alarms.

ID Example setting User setting Comment

Name Operate Seal-In Events H1 TRIP BUS CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Enabled H2 TRIP BUS SPR TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled H3 CLOSE CB CLOSE BRK On

(VO5)

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H4 FLT REC STRT TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled H5 BFI BUS CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled H6 BFI SPARE TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled M1 TRIP TIE CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled M2 TRIP TIE SPR TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled M3 AR

SUCCESSF.

RECL SUCCESS On (VO6)

OFF Enabled

M4 TRIPtoFL.REC TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled M5 BFI TIE CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled M6 BFI TIE SPR TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled P1 RTU:GR TRIP GR TRIP On

(VO2)

OFF Enabled

P2 RTU:PH TRIP PH TRIP On (VO3)

OFF Enabled

P3 RTU: AR IN AR ENABLED OFF Disabled P4 RECLOSE ON AR ENABLED OFF Enabled P5 RECLOSE OFF AR DISABLED OFF Enabled P6 RTU: AR OFF AR DISABLED OFF Disabled P7 Cric. Alarm Crit. Alarm On

(VO20)

OFF Enabled VTFF and Trip Circuit Supervision

P8 CTL: AR ON AR ENABLED OFF Disabled

Virtual Outputs

ID Example setting User setting Comment Name Events

VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 TRIP Enabled Trip command

VIRTUAL OUTPUT 2 GR TRIP Disabled Ground distance operation VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3 PH TRIP Disabled Phase distance operation VIRTUAL OUTPUT 4 RECLOSE INIT Enabled Initiation of reclosure VIRTUAL OUTPUT 5 CLOSE BRK Enabled Close breaker(s) command VIRTUAL OUTPUT 6 RECL SUCCESS Disabled Reclosure is successful VIRTUAL OUTPUT 7 SPARE Disabled SPARE

VIRTUAL OUTPUT 8 PILOT PH TR. Disabled Phase pilot scheme operation VIRTUAL OUTPUT 9 PILOT GR TR. Disabled Ground pilot scheme oper. VIRTUAL OUTPUT 10 BLOCK 21P Enabled Block phase distance VIRTUAL OUTPUT 11 ANY BRK CLD Disabled At least one breaker closed VIRTUAL OUTPUT 12 ALL BRK OPEN Disabled Both breakers open VIRTUAL OUTPUT 19 TripCirALARM Enabled Trip Circuit Supervision oper. VIRTUAL OUTPUT 20 Crit. Alarm Disabled Critical alarm operation

Color-coding

Cell color Remark

Critical setting, need to be revised specifically to protected line Set per project specification

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