International Journal of Research in Information Technology (IJRIT)
www.ijrit.com ISSN 2001-5569
A Secure E-Voting System Using Otp And Biometrics Authentication Methods
Shraddha Parthe1, Kalyani Patil2, Prof. Nilesh Thorat3
1BE Student, Department of Information Technology, Savitribai Phule University of Pune, BSIOTR, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2BE Student, Department of Information Technology, Savitribai Phule University of Pune, BSIOTR, Pune Maharashtra, India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, BSIOTR, Pune, Maharashtra, India [email protected]
ABSRACT
The voting Process is being seen mostly as a manual and paper based one. In this paper we propose a secure e- voting system for India based on fingerprint biometric method. To make the election process system transparent &
efficient,secure and to make voters satisfied. The voter be able to vote in secure manner the time spend by voting by voter, the efficiency in counting of votes & the cost involved in employing people towards monitoring the voting process. so taking these areas or issues into consideration we have now come with the biometric authenticated voting system.
Keywords- Electronic voting, fingerprint, biometric, fingerprint module
1. Introduction
India is one of the countries which introduced the Electronic voting machine for Parliamentary and Assembly polls successfully. But in every poll election the Election commission is facing so much of troubles and various type of issues has been faced throu
hout the election. In tradition voting system voters/persons going to election office and after authentication with their Id, they cast their vote by placing a mark against the political party symbol of their choice.& the voter’s right thumb/index finger, indelible ink mark is made to show that this person has already voted and so the voter cannot vote again. The most familiar problem which is faced by the election commission is no proper conformation regarding the acknowledgment of casting the votes, duplication or illegal casting of votes, missing of outsiders people vote who belong to native constituency .E-election system helps public to elect their representatives more securely and express their preferences for how they want to be governed. Election process has very strong media
coverage, particularly if something goes wrong. This system will increase the level of security and make the trust and confidence in voters. An online voting system may be involved in any one of a number of steps like registration, authentication, voting and counting of ballots.
2. Existing System
Indian voting machines use a two-piece system with a balloting unit presenting the voter with a button for each choice connected by a cable to an electronic ballot box.
The voting process being with the manually going to an election office showing proof of address then id-card will be issued for getting the authentication during voting at the polling both station where they belongs that their names are made available and if so after authentication with their id ,they will cast their votes to the political party. In some cases, on the voter’s index finger, an indelible ink mark is made to show that this person has already voted and so voter cannot vote again. After the voting schedule is complete, booth officials will then take the ballot boxes to a centralize place, then declare the voting result by manually counting the votes polled, and tally the count. These processes are often lengthy, tedious, inaccurate, and risky and in some cases the final count may get skewed and end up with some court cases also.
There are two types of existing system which is used in india -1) Paper Ballot Voting System 2) Electronic Voting System 2.1 Paper Ballot voting System
Paper ballet system is a commonly used as traditional voting system. This system is used before the beginning of Electronic Voting Machine. Paper ballet system includes casting the vote using the paper and the stamp. Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. In private or regular elections, a ballot may be a simple piece of paper on which each voter writes in the name of a candidate, but governmental elections uses pre-printed sheets to maintain the privacy of the votes. The voter casts his/her ballot in a box at the polling station.
2.1.1 Advantages of paper ballot voting system
· The paper ballet system gives a simplest way to cast vote. Uneducated people can also cast their vote easily. No need to guide the individual person.
· The arrangement of this whole system can be made easily and whole system can be assembled easily with the sufficient man power the arrangement of this system can be done easily and quickly.
· The system is very much affordable than the electronic system as the major requirements are only paper and a ballot box which are provided by the election commission. The voter doesn’t have to pay a single bug form his/her for voting.
2.1.2 Disadvantages of Paper Ballot Voting System
· This system is very much time consuming and slow. As only one person can vote at a time and all the voters has to wait in the queue for their turn. Which in turns increases the crowd at the polling stations.
· It was the major type of electoral fraud found in india, wherein the polling station was taken over by the party loyalists. Better policing makes such attacks less of a threat today.
· Once the voting schedule is over, the result of the election cannot be declared immediately. All the ballot boxes are collected at a specific location and then the counting of the votes is carried out which is very much time consuming
2.2 Electronic Voting Machine
An electronic voting machine is a type of voting system which uses electronic ballot that would allow voters to broadcast their secret vote ballot to election officials over the internet. With the prosperity of internet over the years, inventers start to make the use of electronic voting in order to make the voting process more convenient and to raise the participation of the civic. From now on, engineers have repeatedly created new technology to improve the feasibility of electronic voting system.
Figure: Electronic Voting Machine
2.2.1 Advantages of Electronic Voting Machine
· The well-designed software and system, the voters can simply use his/her voting equipment with the minimal time and skill to finish the voting process.
· Voters can cast their votes from home, or any other place from where they can get easy access to the internet. People can even use the mobile device such as cell phone or PDA to vote. There is no restriction on the location.
· Once the voting time is over, the system can immediately calculate the result of the election. It is much faster than the traditional ballot counting methods used in traditional voting system.
· As compared to paper ballot voting, electronic voting is very much affordable. It reduces the personnel expense, expense for location management and administration fee etc. In the beginning, the investment expense for building up the whole electronic voting system would be very high. But after the system is built up fully, the total expense would be much lesser than the traditional paper ballot voting system.
· Electronic voting system can be designed to support a variety of ballot question formats. It can be used to collect public opinions also.
2.2.2 Disadvantages of Electronic Voting Machine
· It is obvious that the people with low salary might not be able to pay for the equipments and the person who doesn’t have proper computer knowledge might lose their privilege in voting.
· The security issue is the main concern of the electronic voting system so far, there are still many classes of attacks which are tough to thwart completely.
· The many polling places are located in areas that lack electricity service or have only intermittent service.
Thus, the EVMs operate entirely from battery power, rather than merely using a battery as a backup.
· The cost of the system is a major concern. The current EVM are built from expensive parts and cost approximately $200 for each set of units. Which costs several thousand dollars.
3. Problem Statement
Overcome the drawback of Electronic Voting Machine and solve the fraud problem, increase the voting count, decrease the voting time, reduce cost, and main reason is for voting purpose voter want to go their native place then do voting. This process is more time consuming, more costly that’s way a secure e-voting system is developed.
4. Proposed System
All the system that is based on biometric mechanism are client-server architecture in which system administrator has privilege to manage the system. In this paper we designed a biometric based secure e-voting system. For developing e-voting system also there is a lots of research work is being done to make these system more secure. One of them secure method is usage of biometrics. Biometric based system are those in which human physical characteristic like face shape, finger-prints, etc. are being used for identification and authentication.
Fig: Online e-voting system using biometric method
4.1 Our plan
1) Registration of users for security and store the information in database.
2) Voting day, users login check all the information.
3) Fingerprint match with the database.
4) Voting.
5) Store the vote in database.
6) Counting.
7) Display result.
4.2 Advantages
· It is very much portable system as the system works on internet only the internet supporting device is required.
· It is very fast as compare to traditional paper ballet voting system. The voter doesn’t need to wait in long queue for voting.
· This system is functional on the internet that makes this system more flexible to support variety of paper ballot question formats.
· This system gives the freedom of casting the vote from anywhere in country. This is beneficial for the voters who are regularly out of station.
· The extent to which the existing application can be reused in new application. The system can be reused a number of times without any technical difficulties.
5. System Requirements
· Hardware component
· Software requirement A. Hardware Requirement
· Hard Disk
· Smart phone
· Fingerprint Device
· OS Windows 7(32bit)
· RAM 1GB.
B. Software Require ment
· JAVA
· J2EE
· J2ME
· My-SQL
· Multiple DB
· Star UML
· Eclipse
· Apache tomcat 5.1 JAVA
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems a company best known for its high end UNIX workstations. Java language was designed to be small, simple, and portable across platforms,
operating systems, both at the source and at the binary level, which means that Java programs (applet and application) can run on any machine that has the Java virtual machine (JVM) installed.
5.2 J2EE
Java platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. The Java platform (Enterprise Edition) differs from the Java Standard Edition platform (Java SE) in that it adds libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server.
5.3 Tomcat Server 5.5
A Number of servlet containers are available today. The most popular one recognized as the official servlet/JSP container is tomcat originally designed by sun Micro systems Tomcat by itself is a web server this means that you can use Tomcat to service HTTP request for servlets as well as static files(HTML, image files & so on). Tomcat 5.5 uses the Jasper 2 JSP Engine to implement the Java Server Pages 2.0 specification.
· JSP Custom Tag Pooling- The java objects instantiated for JSP Custom Tags can now be pooled and reused. This significantly boosts the performance of JSP pages which use custom tags.
· Background JSP compilation- If you make a change to a JSP page which had already been compiled Jasper2 can recompile that page in the background. The previously compiled JSP page will still be available to serve requests. Once the new page has been compiled successfully it will replace the old page.
This helps improve availability of your JSP pages on a production server.
5.4 Development Tools
Eclipse & Android SDK Tools are an integrated development environment (IDE) for visually designing, constructing, testing, and deploying Web services, portals, Java (J2EE) applications.
5.4.1 Eclipse
In computer programming Eclipse does a multi-language integrated development environment (IDE) comprise a base workspace and an extensible plug-in system for customizing the environment. It is written mostly in Java. It can be used to develop applications in Java and by means of various plug-ins, other programming language including Ada, C, C++, COBOL, Fortran, Haskell, JavaScript, Lasso, Perl, Python, Ruby, Scala, Clojure, Gro ovy, Scheme and Erlang. It Can Also be used to develop packages for the software Mathematica. Development environments include the Eclipse Java development tools (JDT) for Java and Scala, Eclipse CDT for C/C++ and eclipse PDT for PHP, among others. The initial codebase originated from IBM VisualAge. The Eclipse software development kit (SDK), which includes the Java development tools, is meant for Java developers. Users can extend its abilities by installing plug-ins written for the Eclipse Platform, such as development toolkits for other programming languages, and can write and contribute their own plug-in modules. Released under the terms of the Eclipse Public License, Eclipse SDK is free and open source software (although it is incompatible with the GNU General Public License). It was one of the first IDE to run under GNU Classpath and it runs without problems under Iced Tea.
5.4.2 Android SDK Tools
The Android software development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of development tools. These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported development platforms include computers running Linux (any modern desktop Linux distribution), Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later, windows XP or later; for the moment one can develop Android software on Android itself by using [AIDE – Android IDE – Java, C++] app and [Android java editor] app. The officially supported integrated development environment (IDE) is Eclipse using the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, though IntelliJ
IDEA IDE (all editions) fully supports Android development out of the box, and NetBeans IDE also supports Android development via a plug-in. Additionally, developers may use any text editor to edit Java and XML files, then use command line tools(Java Development Kit and Apache Ant are required) to create, build and debug Android application as well as control attached Android devices (e.g. triggering a reboot, installing software package (s) remotely). Enhancements to android’s SDK go hand with the overall android platform development. The SDK also Supports older versions of the android platform in case developers wish to target their applications at older devices. Development tools are downloadable components, so after one has downloaded the latest version and platform, older platforms and tools can also be downloaded for compatibility testing. Android applications are packaged in .apk format and stored under/data/app folder on the Android Os (the Folder is accessible only to the root user for security reasons). APK package contains .dex files (compiled byte code files called Dalvik Executables), resource files, etc.
5.5 Database platform- MySQL
The world’s most widely used open- source relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases MySQL is a popular choice, choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used. The MySQL is the open source database.
5.6 Design tool- Star UML Software Modeller
StarUML supports most of the diagram types specified in UML 2.0. it is currently missing object, package, timing and interaction overview diagrams (though the first two can be adequately modeled through the class diagram editor). StarUML supports most of the diagram types specified in UML 2.0. It is currently missing object, package, timing and interaction overview diagrams (though the first two can be adequately modeled through the class diagram editor).
6 Non-Functional Requirements
· Secure access of confidential data (user’s details). SSL can be used.
· Better component design to get better performance at peak time. Flexible service based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension.
· The apps must be compatible with both the android 2.0 and onwards based Smartphone’s.
6.1 Performance Requirements
· 24*7 availability.
· Immediate accessing of services.
6.2 Safety Requirements
· The database should be carefully maintained by the administrator any loss may lead to chaos.
· Prevention of the abusive use of the language in the forums.
· Prevention of fake ids.
6.3 Security Require ments
· The Administrator password must be highly confidential.
· The users id must also be confidential.
· The users should not reveal their id to others as it may lead to wrong usage of account.
7. Basic Concept
· Today, the researchers of information security branch of computer science are focusing on E-Election system to find out something interesting that will able to make the voting system more controlled, secure and speedy. E-Election system helps public to elect their representatives more securely and express their preferences for how they want to be governed.
· Election process has very strong media coverage, particularly if something goes wrong. This system will increase the level of security and make the trust and confidence in voters.
· The genesis of Maoist violence and showed that public need a more secure way of casting their vote.
· An Online voting system may be involved in any one of a number of steps in the setup, voting, collecting, distributing and counting of ballots.
· To make the voting system trustworthy is very hard just because it requires high security requirements:
confidentiality and integrity.
· Confidentiality means all voters get assured about the privacy of votes and prevent selling of votes.
· Integrity means, assurance of accurate results of elections and the correct counting of votes. Integrity is easy to get through a public show of hands, but this dissipates confidentiality and confidentiality comes from the secret ballots, but this fails the integrity.
· The full E-Election system provides people to vote in a secure manner without any fear. The online voting system also provides the security to the voter’s by storing the vote in a secure digital form, if the voter votes against malevolent candidate. This system also guarantees not to leak the vote in front of anybody.
8. System Architecture
Fig: System Architecture
9. Literature Survey
Implementation aspects of Bio-metric system in Electronic Voting Machine by using embedded security and big data approach- The main goal of this paper is to avoid the duplication casting of votes and to capture the missing voter’s vote who cannot cast in their own native.
Highly Secure Online Voting System with Multi Security using Biometric Methods and Steganography - In this paper an online voting system is proposed with secure user authentication by providing biometric as well as password security to voter accounts.
Design secure electronic voting system using fingerprint technique-Fingerprint biometric is the most widely deployed publicized biometrics for identification. This is largely due to its easy and cost effective integration in existing and upcoming technologies. The integration of biometric with electronic voting machine undoubtedly requires less manpower, save much time of voters and personnel, eliminate rigging, ensure accuracy, transparency and fast results in election. In this paper, a framework for electronic voting machine based on biometric verification is proposed and implemented. The proposed framework ensures secured identification and authentication processes for the voters and candidates through the use of fingerprint biometrics.
Overview of biometric electronic voting system in ghana- The main goal of this paper is show the overview of biometric electronic voting system. Election is the process of selecting representatives of our democracy. Biometric is the science which deals with the human biological features with an automated machine either to identify or authenticate the user. Biometric products eliminate the need for passwords and personal
identification numbers or PINs. Biometric systems exchange knowledge with individual’s features such as fingerprint or proximity identification.
Application of Biometrics in Mobile Voting-Voting process in today’s era is behind its time in respect of the usage of modern ICT. The voting process is being seen mostly as a manual and paper based one. This process can be overwhelming, time-consuming and prone to security breaches and electoral fraud. Over the years technology related systems were being developed to resolve some of the issues like electoral fraud, impersonation, double voting etc. One such system is Electronic based voting that has been actively used for voting in countries like India.
However, these systems seem to be prone to electoral frauds and voters have to make tremendous effort to cast their ballots. There are still a few very important areas which have to be identified and addressed viz., the Security which involves a person be able to vote in a secure manner, the time spent for voting by voters, the efficiency in counting of votes and the cost involved in employing people towards monitoring the voting process. So taking these areas/issues into consideration we have now come with the biometrics authenticated mobile voting system, to start with for a country like Jamaica. It is proposed that using fingerprint supported biometric control information and encryption along with Secure Socket Layer i.e. SSL using VeriSign, would make the software involved in the voting process well secured. In addition tying the credentials to a mobile device will make the system even more robust.
10. Objectives
We live in a democracy and voting is one of our fundamental duties as responsible citizens of the country, but nowhere around the country a 100% people come to vote during the elections in their territory. There have been many reasons for that some of them are:
• In the rural areas the influential people keep their men at the polling booths to threaten the common man to vote for them.
• There are many portions of the country like the North East where there is locally sponsored terrorism, at such places the security conditions are also not very bright, so naturally people feel afraid to come out of their houses and go to vote.
• Net savvy new generation want hassle free voting system. Also the people in metros want a system thru which they can vote for their territory without traveling. Keeping in mind these situations and to improve the state of democracy in the country Online Polling System can be thought as a solution, in conjunction with the ongoing current manual voting system.
The goal of the e-voting as a product is to automate the voting process, help in solving fraud problems, decreasing the voting time and the process of counting.
11. System Implementation
Related work: Finger-print recognition method and ID system in biometric methods are frequently preferred because application of them are easy and low-cast. Every human in the world has a unique finger print so it is impossible to steal or lose so there is no need to remember the finger print like if individual passwords. In this various phases are included:
Voter Registration: In this phase voter can fill the all needed information At the time of registration . And this information should be proper and correct. Through this information voter ID will be generated. Voter can also give a finger print. That can be stored in a database.
Candidate Registration: Candidate registration is also important part. In this candidate qualification also checked.
That person should be Qualified. Candidate also give the finger print. To verify that candidate person is correct or not.
Voter’s Verification Or Authentication: At the time of voting day voter verification is done. Voter’s finger prints and information will be matched with previously stored database information. If both are correct then only authentication is provided for the voter’s.
Voting: If voter is authenticated then only he/she can able to do vote. And again there is cross verification is done that voter should not voted in offline voting. If it is found then automatically their flag will be set, then that person is not able to vote twice. This vote directly will be stored in database.
Vote Counting: Manually vote counting is done. When we are doing online voting automatically count will be increases for that candidates votes.
Displaying A Result: After counting result will be displayed. Who get a high number of votes that will be a winner.
12 Workflow of System
12.1 Activity Diagram
Initially user is made to fill all mandatory fields filled in registration form. Once the user clicks submit, the username is verified. If the username is already present, then the user is again taken back, so that he can change the username. If the username is not present then it checks for password and remaining mandatory fields. If any of the mandatory field is left empty or filled incorrect, then the user is informed to enter the correct values. Once all these verifications are succeeded, then the registration is done. User Login to the system by entering username &
password, the submit it, verify it & then grant access. Provide the authentication to the user by giving the fingerprint through the fingerprint device. After the authentication candidate list is displayed on the web site. Voters then select his favourite candidate and completed voting process. Count is incremented by one.
An activity diagram shows the flow from activity to activity. Activities ultimately result in some action, which is made up of executable atomic computations that result in a change in state of the system or the return of a value.
Figure: Activity diagram of e-voting system
12.2 Use-case Diagram According to our system-
A use case diagram is a graph of actors, a set of use cases enclosed by a system boundary, communication (participation) associations between the actors and the use cases, and generalizations among the use cases. A use case diagram represents a particular sequence of transactions between the system and an actor (an end user or system external to the system being analyzed). You can use case diagrams to analyze system.
Figure: Use-case diagram of e-voting system
12.3 Sequence Diagram
Sequence diagram are used to visualize and explore the interaction between the users, screens and objects within the system.
Figure: Sequence diagram of e-voting system
13. Conclusion
In this paper we have enforced a method of biometric to present a highly secure Online voting system. With the implementation of this system we can get rid of all the traditional voting systems’ problem and we will have an ideal election process containing all the properties of a system like accuracy, convenience, flexibility, mobility, verifiability, etc. A system give immediate result right after session time expires The security level of our system is highly improved with the new idea of finger print biometric authentication and password security.
14. References
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