Emerging End Use Technologies

(1)

Ron Domitrovic

Program Manager, Energy Efficiency

Emerging End Use Technologies

(2)

Basic

Research

and

Development

Technology

Commercialization

Collaborative

Technology

Development

Integration

Application

National Laboratories

Universities

Suppliers

Vendors

EPRI

EPRI’s Role…

Collaboratively Move Technologies to the Commercialization

Stage…

Technology Accelerator!

Independent, non-profit,

collaborative

research institute, with

full-spectrum industry coverage

Nuclear Power

Power Delivery & Utilization

Generation

Environmental

(3)

EPRI End-Use Technology Pipeline

EPRI EE

Demonstration

Project

e.g., Northwest

Alliance rollout of

8,000+ ductless

heat pumps

Utility

EE Programs

Accelerating Readiness of Emerging Efficient Technologies

• Instrument

extensively

• Evaluate: estimated

deemed savings,

installation,

demographics,

• Performance

results to refine

deemed savings

• Consumer behavior

• Build supply chain

infrastructure

• Full adoption

• Conduct M&V

EPRI EE

Base Program

Technology

assessment and

validation

R&D Field

Tests/Demos

10s to 100s

of units

Coordinated

Early

Deployments

100s – 1000s of

units

Full Program

Rollout

Assessment

and Lab

Testing

Technology

Scouting

EPRI

Technology

Innovation

Scouting horizon for

promising

(4)

Key Industry Challenges

:

Making DR a More Automated, Ubiquitous, and Reliable Resource

Coordinate Demand Response Research

to Address Industry Needs

Expand Opportunities for

Electrification to Enhance Customer

Productivity

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Load Management

• Long term load management—Energy Efficiency

– Motivated by legislated policy, internal policy

• State PUCs (IOUs)

• Economics of capital expense

• Other internal drivers

• Short term load management

—Demand Response &

Renewable Integration

– Motivated by system needs

• Distribution feeder loading

• Wind & solar integration

(6)

Load Management—Traditional

• Load management has been around for years…

– Energy Efficiency & DR programs

• Static loads are switched off

– Relay control

• Water heaters

• Air conditioners

• Swimming pool pumps

– Phone calls, or other signal

• Industrial & large commercial operations

• Communication is typically one-way

Easy

Button

(7)

Load Management—Future

• Move from static ON-OFF type systems

• Same device provides Energy Efficiency and Demand

Response

– Load management across all time periods

• Turn loads into load management resources

– 2-way communication

– Variability

– Flexibility

– Distributed intelligence

– Open protocols

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Grid-Enabled Water Heaters

LOAD

GENERATION

CONVENTIONAL

INTERMITENT

SYSTEM PARAMETERS

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Regional Specifics…

• Hawaii

–

Can have wind generation exceed base load

• BPA wind generation

–

~0MW in 1998

–

~250MW in 2005

–

~4700MW in 2012

• Southern US

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Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Technology

•CO

₂

based systems

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Future Flexible Technologies—Heat Pumps

Heat Pumps

Common

Some Heat

Pumps

Next-Gen

Heat Pumps

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Market Share:

Space Conditioning System Types (Residential)

US Market (2010 numbers)

• Split AC:

2.9M

• Packaged AC

0.24M

• Split HP

1.4M

• Packaged HP

0.17M

• Furnaces

2.1M

• Room AC

6.4M

–

PTAC

0.4M

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Example Heat Pump + Resistance Residential Load Shape

Heat Pump + Backup

Heat

Outdoor Temp

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

2

4

6

8

10

12 12:00 AM

6:00 AM

12:00 PM

6:00 PM

12:00 AM

O

u

td

o

r

Te

m

p

(

F)

P

o

w

e

r

(k

W

)

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Variable Capacity Air Conditioning (VCAC)

VCAC

Ducted

Non-Ducted

Low-Static

High-Static

DHP

Common in American

homes

Residential & Small Commercial

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Variable Speed Air Source Heat Pumps

Variable Refrigerant Flow

(VRF)

Mini-split or

DHP

Variable speed ducted

split system

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Simulated Heat Pump Operation, Atlanta

Single speed HP

Low temperature HP

Heat pump

Electric 2

nd

_stage

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Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems

Variable

Speed

Compressor,

Fans

Variable Capacity

Delivered – Fan

Speed and

Expansion Valve

Opportunities

• Multiple modulating components that can be controlled for DR

• Compressors

• Fans (outdoor, indoor)

• Expansion valves

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Single Speed and Multi speed Ducted Systems:

State-of-the-art

• Direct Load Control Switches

• Programmable Communicating

Thermostats

Emerging Technologies

• 2-way communicating

thermostats

• Residential Energy

Management

Thermostats are primary

control elements

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