Learning Objectives
Can I demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of violence in sport? (players and spectators)
Violence
Controlled aggression is a fundamental part
of many sports. Sometimes, however, this
spills over into an uncontrolled situation
where legs and fists flu and where serious
Violence by participants
Cheating – it is a blatant infringement of agreed sporting
codes and a disregard of the true values of sport as an experience
Health – it causes injury and physical damage, which can
be life threatening
Legality – physical violence is against the law of the land
and is increasingly being punished with legal action when it occurs in sport
Role-modelling – elite sports performers have a
Violence by participants
Cheating – it is a blatant infringement of agreed sporting
codes and a disregard of the true values of sport as an experience
Health – it causes injury and physical damage, which can
be life threatening
Legality – physical violence is against the law of the land
and is increasingly being punished with legal action when it occurs in sport
Role-modelling – elite sports performers have a
Violence by participants
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk6FowN
rY_Y
Create a table with two columns – one
headed causes and one solutions.
We will then discuss possible solutions –
match these up with the causes
Causes of participant violence
1. (decisions) angry or frustrated with decisions or match officials / bad officiating
2. (result) angry or frustrated with score or result or performance / not much time left
3. (emotion / hype) emotional intensity / cauldron effect/ tension in stadium / over arousal or pre-match hype or psyche-up
Causes of participant violence
5. (importance/ money/ position/ pressure) importance of game or result or winning / money at stake /
position in league or cup or competition / pressure to win
6. (abuse / provocation/ retaliation) provocation by or abuse or sledging or gamesmanship or deviance from opponents or team mates or (hostile) crowd / retaliation /violence among crowd
7. (punishment/ copying) lack of punishment or deterrent/ think they can get away with it /copying a role model
Causes of participant violence
8. (religion / racism) religious reasons (e.g. Celtic v Rangers) / racism
9. (nature of game) nature of game / body contact or checking / to prove masculinity
10. (weapons / de-humanise) (equipment such as) sticks or clubs that can be used as weapons / kit or equipment that ‘de-humanises’ or protects
11. (drugs) increased aggression or arousal from drug or steroid use
Solutions of violence of participants
• Change or adapt rules
• More severe or more ‘painful’ Punishments or bans
e.g. 10-match ban for Suarez / removal or dropping from teams or leagues or competitions or heavy fines other suitable example
• Education
emphasis on fair play / emphasis on being a role model emphasise harm that can be done by violence
• More or better qualified officials / more authority for officials
• Technology
e.g. TMO / DVD playback
for fairer outcomes (and so less frustration or anger)
as used in Rugby Union or goal line technology in Association Football • Use of Psychology
Causes of violence by spectators
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_DCHZYz8oo
Create a table with two columns – one headed
causes and one solutions.
We will then discuss possible solutions – match these
up with the causes
Causes of violence by spectators
1. (frustration) frustration with match officials
2. (emotional intensity) emotional intensity or
importance of result or pressure/pre-match hype
or psyche-up/position in league or cup or
competition/monetary reward.
3. (abuse/provocation)
provocation or abuse or
‘cheating’ or rule breaking by opponents or team
mates or (where relevant) from crowd/violence
on pitch/racism
Causes of violence by spectators
4 (punishment) lack of punishment or deterrent
5 (religion/tradition) religion/traditional rivalry/local
derby/team loyalty
6 (alcohol/drugs) alcohol/drugs
7 (numbers) overcrowding /poor spectator
provision/poor policing or stewarding
Causes of violence by spectators
8 (hooligans) hooligans at football/organised
violence
9 (mass culture) mass culture/peer pressure/tribal
nature of event/loss of individual identify or
diminished responsibility within
crowd/limited alternative outlets for energy
Solutions of violence by spectators
• Stricter deterrents or punishments
e.g. remove (season) tickets or passports
• Control of or ban alcohol searches at gates
early kick off times (before pubs open long) / later opening time (not directly after game)
• Improve spectator facilities ‘all-seater’ stadia
Separation of fans
home and away fans to leave ground separately
• Use of CCTV or other security measures
to spot or record incidents / to record events (for potential evidence)
Solutions of violence by spectators
• (more) Police/stewards/security
better training / better relationships with spectators
sharing of information between police forces or areas within country or between countries
• Promotion of event as (family) entertainment family sections in stadia
provision of entertainment (for children).
e.g. mascots / competitions / festivals / ‘fun days’
• responsible media coverage
Task
• Complete the five mark question on cause of violence in players
Plenary
• One student to state a cause of violent behaviour in sport
Homework
• Complete the ten mark questions • Due Friday 7th March