Static Plate Load Test

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2013-11-19 Dag van de verdichtingscontrole Macben _ 2013-11-19 Journée du controle du compactage Macben

Static Plate Load Test

MacBen bvba

Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium,

19th November 2013

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Our themes today:

•

Anix GmbH

•

Overview Plate Load Test

•

Belgium: SB250 / TB2000

•

France: NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

•

Luxemburg: CSDC-CT

•

Germany: DIN 18134-2012

•

AX® 01 - The new generation

•

„practical“ procedure

Welcome in Barleben

Anix GmbH

Hintern Hecken 1

39179 Barleben

Tel.: +49 39202 8792-52, Fax: 57

[email protected]

www.anix.biz

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Introduction and Application

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

Welcome to Anix GmbH

The Anix GmbH is developing, producing and selling

modern test devices for road construction and

infrastructure.

Production of products

•

for Static Plate Load Tests

•

Retrofit, uprade for Plate Load Test devices

•

Service and calibration for Plate Load Testers

•

Production of Planographs according to TP Eben

•

Retrofit for Planographs according to TP Eben

(4)

Static Plate Load Test

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

Application of Plate Load Test

•

Foundation ground reconnaissance

•

Tests for self-monitoring

•

Tests for control reasons

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Different layers in the pavement of a street:

formation level, frost blanket course, base with crushed gravel , asphalt road base, base course, wearing course, road surface Abbildung der einzelnen Schichten im Oberbau einer schwerbelasteten Straße (Bauklasse SV)

Purpose of Plate Load Test

•

1.) Determination of the load bearing capacity of single

layers

–

Evaluation of modulus M1

(or M

2

)

–

Evaluation of strain modulus EV1

(or E

V2

)

•

2.) A ratio of strain modulus E

V2

/E

V1

is determined for

an evaluation of the compaction situation.

•

3.) For a static calculation of basement and mat

foundation the determined Westergaard modulus k

s

gives an approximate consideration of the yieldingness

of the building ground.

(6)

Target of Plate Load Test

•

Securing of the load bearing capacity of the

traffic area (natural ground, subgrade and

pavement)

•

load bearing capacity means a „maximum of

capacity“ without regarding dynamical forces

•

load bearing capacity means resistance

against deformation – The load bearing

capacity influences the useful life

(7)

Possible consequences of deficient

compaction and missing control

(8)

(9)

(10)

Regulations in Belgium

Standard-Specification TB 2000

Standaardbestek 250

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

Standard-Specification TB 2000

•

D. 50.

Grondwerk

•

Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M

1

50.01

•

HOOFDSTUK E : ONDERFUNDERINGEN EN FUNDERING

•

E. 51.

Onderfunderingen

•

1

(zie 50.01)

51.01

•

E. 52.

Funderingen

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Standaardbestek 250

Hoofdstuk 14 - Metingen en proeven

•

2.4 Hoofdstuk 4 - Voorbereidende werken en grondwerken

•

1

-> 14-4.16

•

2.5 Hoofdstuk 5 - Onderfunderingen en funderingen

•

2.5.3 Onderfunderingen

•

1

-> 14-4.16

•

2.5.4 Funderingen

•

1

-> 14-4.16

•

2.6.4 Andere verhardingen

•

1

-> 14-4.16

•

2.7 Hoofdstuk 7 - Rioleringen en afvoer van water

•

Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M

1

van grond -> 14-4.16

•

2.13 Hoofdstuk 13 - Werken aan waterlopen

•

1

-> 50.01

(voor de uitvoering van de proef mag ook het toestel

worden gebruikt, beschreven in de norm DIN 18134 “Plattendruckversuch”)

SB250 14-4.16 + TB2000 50.01

Choice of load plate

•

A 200 cm² - load plate is meant for the test on clay,

brick clay, natural gravel aggregate (maximum size ≤ 40

mm) or crushed gravel (maximum size ≤ 40 mm).

•

A 750 cm² - load plate is meant for the test on sand,

gravel, natural aggregates (maximum size ≤ 75 mm) or

crushed gravel (maximum size ≤ 75 mm.

•

The thickness of the layer has to be considered:

- 8 and 48 cm -> 200 cm² - load plate

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SB250 14-4.16 + TB 2000 50.01

Preload

•

Preload 0.02

MN

/

m²

•

To be hold at least for 1 min

•

The electronic sets s=0 if

∆

s < 0.02

mm

/

min

SB250 14-4.16 + TB2000 50.01

First load cycle

•

a) for „voor een wegbaan en een ophoging”:

•

increase gradually from 0.05

MN

/

m²

to a maximum pressure of

0.25

MN

/

m²

•

b) for „ onderfundering”:

•

Increase gradually from 0.10

MN

/

m²

0.45

MN

/

m²

•

c) for „fundering“:

•

Increase gradually from 0.10

MN

/

m²

0.55

MN

/

m²

•

One step is to be operated each minute, as long as

∆

s < 0.02

mm

/

min

(13)

SB250 14-4.16 + TB2000 50.01

unload and second load cycle

•

Unload to a pressure of 0.02

MN

/

m²

(min 60 s,

∆

s < 0.02

mm

/

min

)

•

This value of setting is meant to be the

relative zero value for starting the second load

cycle.

SB250 14-4.16 + TB2000 50.01

Canceling of the testing cycle

The test is to be discontinued, if the setting

constitutes

- more than 0.5 mm (load plate 200 cm²) or

- more than 0.9 mm (load plate 750 cm²)

during loading cycle.

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SB250 14-4.16 + TB 2000 50.01

Determination of M

1

and M

2

•

200 cm²-load plate

M

1

=

D x (

∆

p

/

∆

s

); D=15.96

•

750 cm ²-load plate

M

1

=

D x (

∆

p

/

∆

s

); D=30.91

•

a) for „grond of voor een ophoging”

•

∆

s at 0.15

MN

/

m²

and 0.05

MN

/

m²

;

∆

p = 0.10

MN

/

m²

•

b) for „onderfunderingen”

•

∆

s at 0.25

MN

/

m²

and 0.15

MN

/

m²

;

∆

p = 0.10

MN

/

m²

•

c ) for „fundering”

•

∆

s at 0.35

MN

/

m²

and 0.25

MN

/

m²

;

∆

p = 0.10

MN

/

m²

SB250 14-4.16 + TB2000 50.01

graphical evaluation

•

Indication for immediate print and Excel chart

•

Chart:

- Pressure p in the horizontal (x-axis); scale : 0.1

MN

/

m²

- Setting s in the vertical (y-axis)

; scale: 1 mm

Representation of the load levels and ratios

„Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M

1

“is determined

depending on the load levels for the required three soil

types in

MN

/

(15)

Regulation in France

NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

•

Usage of a load plate with a diameter of 600

mm

(16)

NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

Preload – First load cycle

•

Preload 500 daN (450-550 daN) for 10-15 s

(is equivalent to 0.02

MN

/

m²

)

•

First load 7068 daN (6928-7208 daN) for min.

30 s (is equivalent to 0.25

MN

/

m²

)

till

∆

s < 0.02 mm with t > 15 s

NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

Unload – Second load cycle

•

Unload within 5 s

•

Second load 5654 daN (5544-5764 daN)

for 30 s (is equivalent to 0.20

MN

/

m²

)

(17)

NF P 94-117-1 (ver. 2000)

Unload – Second load cycle

•

EV

2

=

90

/

∆

S Second load

Luxemburg

CSDC-CT

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

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Luxemburg

•

The CSDC-CT (CAHIER SPECIAL DES CHARGES

CLAUSES TECHNIQUES) refers to the french

standard NF 94-117-1

•

In the CSDC-CT the corresponding values for

the strain modulus E

v2

for the different layers

and materials are called.

The Netherlands

MacBen bvba

19th November 2013

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The Netherlands

•

The answer of one of our customers:

•

We haven't any Standard for plate bearing

test.

•

We are using the DIN 18134 in the

Netherlands

Germany

DIN 18134 - 2012

This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee

NA 005-05-03 AA „Baugrund, Laborversuche im

Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau)“ of the DIN

Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.

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DIN 18134:2012-04

•

Test DIN 18134 – 300

for soils with 150 mm large grain

•

Test DIN 18134 – 600

for "Rocky" coarser soils or soft soils that can

move laterally

•

Test DIN 18134 – 762

airport construction in plate tests with the 762

mm plate and an evaluation on the foundation

modulus are common.

DIN 18134 – 2012

Loading and unloading

•

To determine the strain modulus, E

v

, the load shall be applied in not less

than six stages, in approximately equal increments, until the required

maximum normal stress is reached.

•

Each increase in load (from stage to stage) shall be completed within one

minute.

•

The load shall be released in stages, to 50 % and 25 % of the maximum

load and then to the load corresponding to the zero reading.

•

Following that, a further (2 nd) loading cycle shall be carried out, in which

the load is to be increased only to the penultimate stage of the first cycle.

•

When testing soil, the time interval between the application of each load

increment shall be two minutes, the load being held constant during this

period. For subbase testing, one minute is sufficient.

•

The gauge reading shall be recorded at the termination of each loading

stage.

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Vorbelastung

0,1

0,005

MN/m²

min 30 s

Erstbelastung

1

0,08

0,45

0,035

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

2

0,16

0,85

0,07

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

3

0,25

0,125

0,1

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

4

0,33

0,17

0,135

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

5

0,42

0,21

0,17

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

6

0,5

0,25

0,2

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

Entlastung

60 s / 120 s

1

0,25

0,125

0,1

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

2

0,125

0,065

0,05

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

3

0,01

0,005

0,004

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

Zweitbelastung

1

0,08

0,45

0,035

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

2

0,16

0,85

0,07

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

3

0,25

0,125

0,1

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

4

0,33

0,17

0,135

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

5

0,42

0,21

0,17

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

Ende

(Entlastung)

1

0,25

0,125

0,1

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

2

0,125

0,065

0,05

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

3

0,01

0,005

0,004

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

(Drittbelastung)

1

0,08

0,45

0,035

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

2

0,16

0,85

0,07

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

3

0,25

0,125

0,1

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

4

0,33

0,17

0,135

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

5

0,42

0,21

0,17

MN/m²

60 s / 120 s

DIN 18134:2012-04

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DIN 18134:2012-04

force measuring

•

Important: A manometer is not a strain gauge!

•

A manometer is just a means of help!

•

Regulated since DIN 18134-2001.

DIN 18134:2012-04

Calibration

•

Calibration of the plate loading apparatus shall be carried out

as specified in Annex A.

•

It is required before delivery and after repair and shall be

repeated once a year.

•

Calibration serves to verify the proper functioning of the plate

loading apparatus and to ensure compliance of the measuring

devices with requirements.

•

It shall be carried out by a body that uses instruments with

certified traceability to the international system of units.

•

It shall be repeated at regular intervals to ensure performance

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DIN 18134 – 2012

Canceling of the testing cycle

The test is to be discontinued, if the (absolut)

setting constitutes

- more than 5 mm (loadplate 300 mm) or

- more than 8 mm (loadplate 600 mm) or

- more than 13 mm (loadplate 762 mm).

DIN 18134:2012-04

Results of the measuring

•

E

v1

- strain modulus of first load cycle

•

E

v2

- strain modulus of second load cycle

•

(E

v3

- strain modulus of third load cycle)

•

E

v2

/E

v1

- ratio

•

(E

v3

/E

v1

- ratio)

•

(E

v3

/E

v2

- ratio)

•

K

s

- modulus of subgrade reaction

(Westergaard modulus)

(24)

DIN 18134:2012-04

Berechnung E

v1

bzw. E

v2

(25)

DIN 18134 – 2012

Modulus of subgrade reaction k

s

•

In order to determine the modulus of subgrade

reaction, k

s

, for use in the design of road and airfield

pavements, a 762 mm loading plate shall be used.

•

A stress of 0.005

MN

/

m²

shall be maintained until the

rate of settlement of the plate is less than 0.02

mm

/

min

.

•

The load shall then be applied in increments producing

normal stresses of 0.04

MN

/

m²

, 0.08

MN

/

m²

, 0.14

MN

/

m²

,

and 0.2

MN

/

m²

, with the load being maintained at each

stage until the rate of settlement of the plate becomes

less than 0.02

mm

/

min

.

•

The load may be released with one intermediate stage

at 0.08

MN

/

(26)

DIN 18134 – 2012

Settlement-measuring device

•

For measuring the settlement of the loading plate, a

contact arm assembly shall be used.

•

The settlement-measuring device consists of

–

a frame supported at three points,

–

a vertically adjustable, torsion-proof, rigid contact arm,

–

a displacement transducer or dial gauge.

•

The contact arm assembly

with fulcrum

is

only

suitable

for settlement measurements in depths up to 0.3 m.

•

The contact arm assembly with slide bearing can also

be used in deeper pits.

(27)

The Plate Bearing System AX® 01

•

Convenient measuring bridge for easy assembly and

installation

•

Hydraulic pump and cylinder with 150 mm stroke

•

Extensions / ball joint

•

Load plate 200 cm² or 750 cm² area

•

Load plate with 300 mm, 600 mm or 762 mm diameter

•

Electronic load cell (capacity: 100 kN)

(28)

•

Immediate determination of the

1

and M

2

in

the display (for 14.4.16 or 50.01)

•

Save measurement progress on the SD card

•

Expression levels and immediately load

reduction as well as a graphic are printed

•

Data acquisition with Microsoft Excel

Conclusion

•

Belgium, France and Germany each have their

own regulations for a determination of the

testing results. The same for experimental

procedure and the set-up.

•

You are not able to compare the results!

•

The Plate Bearing Tester AX® 01 evaluates the

results M

x

or E

vx

for Belgium, France and

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Thank you für your attention ☺

Dynamic OR Static!?

Dynamic AND Static!?

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Dynamisch oder Statisch?

•

output directory

•

contractual regulation

•

Space on the site

•

Naughty: faith and knowledge!

E

v2

/E

v1

required?

Type of soil / layer

Dynamisch oder Statisch?

•

However recommended is basically the

implementation of comparative experiments

for the determination of E

vd

and E

v2

according

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