Interview Question Bank
Interview Question Bank
Technical Questions and Answer
Technical Questions and Answer
1.
1. What What is is HATHAT??
•
• Height Above Touchdown. The height of the Decision height or Minimum Descent Altitude aboveHeight Above Touchdown. The height of the Decision height or Minimum Descent Altitude above
the highest runway elevation in the
the highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone of the runway. HAT touchdown zone of the runway. HAT is ublished onis ublished on instrument aroach charts in
instrument aroach charts in con!unction with all straight"in minimums. #A$M%con!unction with all straight"in minimums. #A$M% &.
&. What What is is MDA?MDA?
•
• Minimum Descent Altitude. The lowest altitude' e(ressed in feet above mean Minimum Descent Altitude. The lowest altitude' e(ressed in feet above mean sea level' to whichsea level' to which
descent is authorized on
descent is authorized on final aroach or during circle"to"land maneuvering in e(ecution of afinal aroach or during circle"to"land maneuvering in e(ecution of a standard instrument aroach rocedure where no electronic glide
standard instrument aroach rocedure where no electronic glide sloe is rovided. #non"sloe is rovided. #non" recision aroaches% #A$M%
recision aroaches% #A$M% ).
). What What is is M*AM*A??
•
• Minimum *ectoring Altitude. The lowest M+, altitude at which an $- aircraft will be vectored by aMinimum *ectoring Altitude. The lowest M+, altitude at which an $- aircraft will be vectored by a
radar controller' e(cet as otherwise authorized for radar aroaches' deartures and missed radar controller' e(cet as otherwise authorized for radar aroaches' deartures and missed aroaches. This altitude meets $- obstacle clearance criteria. $t may be lower than
aroaches. This altitude meets $- obstacle clearance criteria. $t may be lower than the M/A'the M/A' and the charts are
and the charts are normally only available to controllers. #A$M%normally only available to controllers. #A$M% 0.
0. What What is is ,M?,M?
•
• unway enterline Mar2ing #-A%unway enterline Mar2ing #-A%
3.
3. What What does does 456T 456T mean?mean?
•
• $t means no rocedure turn authorized. #-A%$t means no rocedure turn authorized. #-A%
7.
7. What What is is oute oute M5A?M5A?
•
• oute Minimum 5ff oute Altitude. This is an aoute Minimum 5ff oute Altitude. This is an altitude derived by 8eesen. ltitude derived by 8eesen. The oute M5AThe oute M5A
altitude rovides reference oint clearance within 19nm of the
altitude rovides reference oint clearance within 19nm of the route centerline and end fi(es.route centerline and end fi(es. oute M5A values clear all reference oints by 1999: in areas where the
oute M5A values clear all reference oints by 1999: in areas where the highest referencehighest reference oints are 3'999: M+, or lower. oute M5A values clear all
oints are 3'999: M+, or lower. oute M5A values clear all reference oints by reference oints by &'999: in areas&'999: in areas where the highest
where the highest reference oints are reference oints are 3'991: M+, or higher. #A$M%3'991: M+, or higher. #A$M% ;.
;. What What is is <rid <rid M5A?M5A?
•
• <rid Minimum 5ff oute Altitude. A<rid Minimum 5ff oute Altitude. An altitude derived n altitude derived by 8eesen oby 8eesen or rovided by r rovided by +tate+tate
Authorities.
Authorities. The <rid MThe <rid M5A 5A altitude rovialtitude rovides terrain and manmade des terrain and manmade structure clearancstructure clearance within thee within the section outlined by
section outlined by the latitude and the latitude and longitude lines. M5A does not rovide longitude lines. M5A does not rovide for 4A*for 4A*A$D signalA$D signal coverage or communications coverage.
coverage or communications coverage. <rid M5A values 10'999: M+, and below are green.<rid M5A values 10'999: M+, and below are green. *a
*alues greater than lues greater than 10'999: are maroon.10'999: are maroon.
o
o 8eesen values clear all 8eesen values clear all terrain and manmade structures by 1'999: in areas where terrain and manmade structures by 1'999: in areas where thethe
highest elevations are 3
highest elevations are 3'999: M+, or lower. M5A '999: M+, or lower. M5A values clear all values clear all terrain and manmadeterrain and manmade structures by &'999: in areas where the
structures by &'999: in areas where the highest elevations are 3'991: M+, or higher.highest elevations are 3'991: M+, or higher.
o
o +tate rovided values rovide 1'999: obstacle clearance in non"mountainous terrain' and+tate rovided values rovide 1'999: obstacle clearance in non"mountainous terrain' and
&'999: obstacle clearance in mountainous
&'999: obstacle clearance in mountainous terrain. #A$M%terrain. #A$M% =.
=. What What is is MAA?MAA?
•
• Ma(imum Authorized Altitude. A ublisheMa(imum Authorized Altitude. A ublished altitude d altitude reresenting the ma(imum reresenting the ma(imum usable altitude orusable altitude or
flight level for an airsace structure or
flight level for an airsace structure or route segment. #A$M%route segment. #A$M% >.
•
• Minimum +afe Altitude. Altitude deicted on an Minimum +afe Altitude. Altitude deicted on an instrument aroach chart and instrument aroach chart and identified as theidentified as the
minimum safe altitude that rovides a 1999: obstacle clearance within a
minimum safe altitude that rovides a 1999: obstacle clearance within a &3nm radius from the&3nm radius from the navigational facility uon which the M+A is redicated. $f the radius limit is other
navigational facility uon which the M+A is redicated. $f the radius limit is other than &3nm' it isthan &3nm' it is stated. This altitude is for
stated. This altitude is for emergency use only emergency use only and does and does not necessarily guarantee 4A*not necessarily guarantee 4A*A$DA$D recetion. When the M+A is divided into sectors' with each sector
recetion. When the M+A is divided into sectors' with each sector a different altitude' the altitudesa different altitude' the altitudes in these sectors are referred
in these sectors are referred to as minimum sector altitudes. #A$M%to as minimum sector altitudes. #A$M% 19.
19. What What is is M5A?M5A?
•
• Minimum 5bstruction learance AltiMinimum 5bstruction learance Altitude. The lowest ublished tude. The lowest ublished altitude in effect between radioaltitude in effect between radio
fi(es on *5 airways' off"airway routes' or route segments which meets obstacle
fi(es on *5 airways' off"airway routes' or route segments which meets obstacle clearanceclearance re@uirements for the entire route segment and
re@uirements for the entire route segment and in the +A assures accetable navigational signalin the +A assures accetable navigational signal coverage only within &&nm or
coverage only within &&nm or &3sm of a *5. #A$M%&3sm of a *5. #A$M% 11.
11. What What is is MA?MA?
•
• Minimum ecetion AltiMinimum ecetion Altitude. The lowest altitude at tude. The lowest altitude at which an intersection can which an intersection can be determined.be determined.
#A$M% #A$M% 1&.
1&. 5n an $- f5n an $- flight lan' ilight lan' if the flight tif the flight time to the destinme to the destination is 03 min anation is 03 min and destination to ald destination to alternate is )9ternate is )9 min. What is the minimum fuel re@uired
min. What is the minimum fuel re@uired in minutes?in minutes?
•
• 03B)9B03min after alternate C &B9903B)9B03min after alternate C &B99
1).
1). 5n the ta2eoff 5n the ta2eoff minimums you seminimums you see +TD E e +TD E Ade@uate *Ade@uate *is ef E is ef E , or , or ,M' any *,M' any * out' other t out' other twowo re@. What do they mean?
re@. What do they mean?
•
• +TD +tandard ta2eoff minimums #+TD +tandard ta2eoff minimums #3939* " 1sm or* " 1sm or &0&0* " Fsm%'* " Fsm%'
•
• Ade@uate vis ref Ade@uate vis ref shown as a remishown as a reminder that at least nder that at least one of the follone of the following visual aids owing visual aids must bemust be
available available
" 5erative High $ntensity unway ,ights #H$,% " 5erative High $ntensity unway ,ights #H$,% " 5erative enterline ,ights #,%
" 5erative enterline ,ights #,% " unway enterline Mar2ings
" unway enterline Mar2ings #,M%#,M%
" $n circumstances when none of the " $n circumstances when none of the above visual aids are
above visual aids are available' visibiliavailable' visibilityty or ** 1E0sm may still be used
or ** 1E0sm may still be used rovided other mar2ings or runway rovided other mar2ings or runway lighting rovide ilots with ade@uate lighting rovide ilots with ade@uate visual reference to identify the ta2eoff visual reference to identify the ta2eoff surface and maintain d
surface and maintain directional controlirectional control throughout the ta2e"off run.
throughout the ta2e"off run.
•
• , or ,M' any * out' other two re@ 5erative Touchdown Gone and ollout * reorting, or ,M' any * out' other two re@ 5erative Touchdown Gone and ollout * reorting
systems serving the runway to be
systems serving the runway to be used' both of which used' both of which are controlling' or three * reortingare controlling' or three * reorting systems serving the runway to be
systems serving the runway to be used' all of which aused' all of which are controlling. Howeverre controlling. However' if one of ' if one of the threethe three * reorting systems has failed' a ta2e"off is authorized roviding two * values are a * reorting systems has failed' a ta2e"off is authorized roviding two * values are a t ort or above the
above the aroriate ta2e"off minimums. #8eesen%aroriate ta2e"off minimums. #8eesen% 10.
10. What What are are the the standard standard ta2eoff ta2eoff minimums minimums #6art #6art >1%?>1%?
•
• *isibility*isibility **39 or 1sm 39 or 1sm #& engine aircraft% *isibility#& engine aircraft% *isibility**&0 or Fsm #) or more engine aircraft%. #-A%&0 or Fsm #) or more engine aircraft%. #-A%
13.
13. When When do do we we need need a a ta2eoff ta2eoff alternate?alternate?
•
• When the ta2eoff weather is below landing When the ta2eoff weather is below landing minimums rescribed for the minimums rescribed for the certificate holder. #-certificate holder. #-A%A%
16.
•
• & I /ngine aircraft not more than one hour from the dearture airort at normal cruising seed in& I /ngine aircraft not more than one hour from the dearture airort at normal cruising seed in
still air with one engine inoerative. still air with one engine inoerative.
•
• ) I /ngine aircraft not more than two hours from the ) I /ngine aircraft not more than two hours from the dearture airort at normal cruising seeddearture airort at normal cruising seed
in still air
in still air with one engine with one engine inoerative. #-Ainoerative. #-A%% 1;.
1;. What arWhat are the e the filing filing weather weather minimums minimums for an for an alternate alternate airort?airort?
•
• $f there is an aroach established under art >;' $f there is an aroach established under art >;' then the alternate minimums associated withthen the alternate minimums associated with
that aroach' if none are
that aroach' if none are established' then =99E& #non"recision%' 799E& #recision% #6art >1%' ifestablished' then =99E& #non"recision%' 799E& #recision% #6art >1%' if there is no art
there is no art >; aroach' then weather allowing descent from the >; aroach' then weather allowing descent from the M/A and aroach andM/A and aroach and landing under basic *-. #-A%
landing under basic *-. #-A% 1=.
1=. What What constitutes constitutes a a ceiling?ceiling?
•
• Any bro2en' overcast Any bro2en' overcast or obscuration not or obscuration not classified as thiclassified as thin or artial.n or artial.
1>.
1>. $f the $f the current alcurrent altimeter stimeter setting is etting is &=.09' what &=.09' what is the is the lowest usalowest usable flight ble flight level?level?
•
• -,&99-,&99
&9.
&9. What What seed rseed restriction estriction is tis there belhere below ow lass J lass J airsace?airsace?
•
• 4o erson may oerate an aircraft underlying a lass J airsace area designated for an airort4o erson may oerate an aircraft underlying a lass J airsace area designated for an airort
or in a *- corridor designated through such an area at an indicated airseed of more than or in a *- corridor designated through such an area at an indicated airseed of more than &992ts. #-A%
&992ts. #-A% &1.
&1. What is What is the number the number in arentin arenthesis ne(t hesis ne(t to the to the MDA MDA on an aon an aroach late?roach late?
•
• HAA #circling aroaches% HAA #circling aroaches% or HAT #straight"ior HAT #straight"in aroaches%. n aroaches%. #8eesen%#8eesen%
&&.
&&. What is What is a M/A a M/A and what and what does it does it loo2 li2e? loo2 li2e? #find one #find one on a on a chart%chart%
•
• M/A #Minimum /nroute Altitude%. ,owest ublished altitude between radio M/A #Minimum /nroute Altitude%. ,owest ublished altitude between radio fi(es' which assuresfi(es' which assures
accetable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance
accetable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance re@uirements betweenre@uirements between those fi(es. $t rovides for 1'999: of obstruction clearance in
those fi(es. $t rovides for 1'999: of obstruction clearance in non"mountainous terrain and &'999:non"mountainous terrain and &'999: of obstruction clearance in mountainous terrain within 0nm either side
of obstruction clearance in mountainous terrain within 0nm either side of an airway. #A$M%of an airway. #A$M% &).
&). How cHow can you an you tell tell what twhat the M+he M+A A is based is based or centor centered on?ered on?
•
• $t will say so ne(t to the M+A circle on the aroach late. $t will say so ne(t to the M+A circle on the aroach late. #8eesen%#8eesen%
&0.
&0. What What class class of of airsace airsace are are the the !et !et routes routes in?in?
•
• lass A. #A$M%lass A. #A$M%
&3.
&3. Where Where are are changeover changeover oints oints located?located?
•
• The changeover oint is located The changeover oint is located midway between two navigation facilities or as secified by themidway between two navigation facilities or as secified by the
change over oint symbol. #A$M% change over oint symbol. #A$M% &7.
&7. What is What is the diffthe difference betwerence between a soleen a solid blac2 id blac2 triangle and triangle and an unfillan unfilled triangle?ed triangle?
•
• The solid triangle reresents a comulsory reorting oint in The solid triangle reresents a comulsory reorting oint in a non"radar environment and thea non"radar environment and the
other is not
other is not comulsorycomulsory. #8eesen%. #8eesen% &;.
&;. How can How can you tell you tell if there if there is a is a M/A M/A change at change at a fi(?a fi(?
•
• """l fi( l""" #8eesen%"""l fi( l""" #8eesen%
&=.
&=. What What is is 10'099T 10'099T along along a a route?route?
•
• The T at end signifies that the altitude is a Minimum 5bstruction learance Altitude #M5AThe T at end signifies that the altitude is a Minimum 5bstruction learance Altitude #M5A%. $t%. $t
meets obstacle clearance re@uirements #1'999: non"mountainous E
meets obstacle clearance re@uirements #1'999: non"mountainous E &'999: mountainous% for the&'999: mountainous% for the entire route segment and in
entire route segment and in the +A assures accetable navigational signal coverage only withinthe +A assures accetable navigational signal coverage only within &&nm of a *5. #8eesen%
&&nm of a *5. #8eesen% &>.
•
• The a at the end of the The a at the end of the altitude denotes a oute M5A. #8eesen%altitude denotes a oute M5A. #8eesen%
)9.
)9. What wWhat would indicatould indicate the e the highest alhighest altitude titude allowed oallowed on a n a route sroute segment?egment?
•
• MAA #A$M%MAA #A$M%
)1.
)1. What What direction direction are are standard standard turns turns in in holding?holding?
•
• ight turns are standard and ight turns are standard and ,eft turns are non"standard in ,eft turns are non"standard in holding. #A$M%holding. #A$M%
)&.
)&. At At what what oint duroint during an ing an $,+ $,+ aroach araroach are you e you on finalon final??
•
• At the ublished At the ublished glidesloe intercet glidesloe intercet or when Aor when AT diT directs a lower trects a lower than ublished glideslhan ublished glidesloeoe
intercet altitude' it is the resultant actual oint of
intercet altitude' it is the resultant actual oint of glidesloe intercet. #A$M%glidesloe intercet. #A$M% )).
)). Where Where is is the the -A-A- - for for a a ,5 ,5 aroach?aroach?
•
• The -A- is a Maltese cross symbol on The -A- is a Maltese cross symbol on the aroach late. #8eesen%the aroach late. #8eesen%
)0.
)0. What What are are the the three three tyes tyes of of Hydrolaning?Hydrolaning?
•
• Dynamic I > ( s@uare root of tire ressureDynamic I > ( s@uare root of tire ressure •
• everted ubber I +2idding on steam everted ubber I +2idding on steam oc2etoc2et •
• *iscous I +2idding on ainted or *iscous I +2idding on ainted or sliery surfacesliery surface
)3.
)3. 6rior to th6rior to the -Ae -A-' -' you are informed thyou are informed that the weather has at the weather has gone below minigone below minimums. What do you dmums. What do you do?o?
•
• ontinue the aroach ground trac2 at or above the MDA and e(ecute a missed aroach at theontinue the aroach ground trac2 at or above the MDA and e(ecute a missed aroach at the
missed aroach oint. missed aroach oint. #A$M%#A$M% )7.
)7. After After interceting glinterceting glidesloe on an idesloe on an $,+ you $,+ you are told tare told the weather ihe weather is below mis below minimums. What nimums. What do youdo you do?
do?
•
• ontinue the aroach to DH and if the runway environment is in sight and the aircraft is in aontinue the aroach to DH and if the runway environment is in sight and the aircraft is in a
osition to land
osition to land using normal rocedures' land. using normal rocedures' land. #-A#-A%% );.
);. alculate a *D6 alculate a *D6 for an aroach with for an aroach with a HAa HAT T of 039: of 039: and -Aand -A- to - to MA6 is MA6 is 1B03?1B03?
•
• Timing method HAT ( 19K C seconds to be subtracted from timing of -A- to MA6. 039 ( 19K CTiming method HAT ( 19K C seconds to be subtracted from timing of -A- to MA6. 039 ( 19K C
03sec. 1B03 I 03sec.
03sec. 1B03 I 03sec. C 1min. /(ecute missed aroach 1 C 1min. /(ecute missed aroach 1 minute after assing the -A-minute after assing the -A-.. )=.
)=. <oing )>92t<oing )>92tas witas with a )92t h a )92t tailwind' tailwind' how far how far will ywill you go iou go in 09 min 09 minutes?nutes?
•
• )>9 B )9 C 0&92gs or ;nmEmin. ;nmEmin ( 09min C &=9nm)>9 B )9 C 0&92gs or ;nmEmin. ;nmEmin ( 09min C &=9nm
)>.
)>. 4o erson may 4o erson may attemt to attemt to act as a act as a crewmember crewmember of a civiof a civil aircraft l aircraft within how within how many hours aftmany hours afterer consumtion of alchohol?
consumtion of alchohol?
•
• = hours #-A%= hours #-A%
09.
09. What What is is the the Mode Mode *eil?*eil?
•
• The airsace within )9nm of generally rimary airorts within lass J The airsace within )9nm of generally rimary airorts within lass J airsace areas' from theairsace areas' from the
surface uward to 19'999:msl. nless otherwise authorized by air traffic control' aircraft oerating surface uward to 19'999:msl. nless otherwise authorized by air traffic control' aircraft oerating within this airsace must be e@uied
within this airsace must be e@uied with automatic ressure altitude reorting e@uimentwith automatic ressure altitude reorting e@uiment having Mode caability. #A$M%
having Mode caability. #A$M% 01.
01. What What is is lass lass airsace?airsace?
•
• <enerally that airsace surface to 0'999: above airort elevation charted in <enerally that airsace surface to 0'999: above airort elevation charted in msl surrounding thosemsl surrounding those
airorts that have an oerational control tower' are serviced by a
airorts that have an oerational control tower' are serviced by a radar aroach control' and thatradar aroach control' and that have a certain number
have a certain number of $- oerations or assenger enlanements. #A$M%of $- oerations or assenger enlanements. #A$M% 0&.
0&. -or oerations -or oerations off established off established routes from 1='9routes from 1='999:msl to -,039' y99:msl to -,039' you should not use #ou should not use #H% 4AH% 4A**A$DsA$Ds more than how many
more than how many miles aart?miles aart?
•
0).
0). When When may may controllers controllers authorize authorize a a contact contact aroach?aroach?
•
• Must be re@uested by the ilot.Must be re@uested by the ilot. •
• eorted ground visibility at the destination airort is at eorted ground visibility at the destination airort is at least 1sm.least 1sm. •
• Aroach wil Aroach will be made to an airorl be made to an airort having a standard t having a standard or secial instror secial instrument aroach rocedure.ument aroach rocedure. •
• Aroved searation Aroved searation is alied between is alied between these' $- and these' $- and secial *- secial *- aircraft. #A$aircraft. #A$M%M%
00.
00. $n lass $n lass J and J and airsace' can airsace' can an Aan AT T controller rcontroller re@uest airseeds e@uest airseeds greater than greater than &392ias below&392ias below 19'999:msl.
19'999:msl.
•
• LeLes #A$M%s #A$M%
03.
03. What What is is a a microburst?microburst?
•
• +mall"scale intense downdrafts' which on reaching the surface' sread outward in +mall"scale intense downdrafts' which on reaching the surface' sread outward in all directionsall directions
from the center. This causes the resence of both
from the center. This causes the resence of both vertical and horizontal wind shears that can vertical and horizontal wind shears that can bebe e(tremely hazardous to all tyes and
e(tremely hazardous to all tyes and categories of aircraft. Due to their small size' short categories of aircraft. Due to their small size' short duration'duration' and the fact that
and the fact that they can occur othey can occur over areas without surface reciitation' microbursts are notver areas without surface reciitation' microbursts are not easily detectable with weather radar or ,,WA+. #A$M%
easily detectable with weather radar or ,,WA+. #A$M% 07.
07. With a With a dum rate dum rate of &399Emin.of &399Emin.' how ' how long wilong will it ll it ta2e to ta2e to dum )9'999Ns?dum )9'999Ns?
•
• #&.3OEmin C 32 every &min%' )9E3C7' 7 #&.3OEmin C 32 every &min%' )9E3C7' 7 ( &min C 1&min( &min C 1&min
0;.
0;. How far How far will you will you travel in travel in a descent froa descent from -,))9 at m -,))9 at )992ts to 1)992ts to 1;'999: at ;'999: at &392ts?&392ts?
•
• #) to 1 rule% )) I 1; C 17'999: ( ) C 0=nm B 3nm to slow 392ts C 3)nm#) to 1 rule% )) I 1; C 17'999: ( ) C 0=nm B 3nm to slow 392ts C 3)nm
0=.
0=. What What is Mis MA A *1>9 *1>9 1)9994/ 1)9994/ ne(t tne(t to a o a fi(?fi(?
•
• Minimum crossing altitude at fi( of 1)999: traveling northeast along * 1>9. A climb must beMinimum crossing altitude at fi( of 1)999: traveling northeast along * 1>9. A climb must be
e(ecuted to cross the
e(ecuted to cross the fi( at or above fi( at or above this altitude when traveling in that direction. #8eesen%this altitude when traveling in that direction. #8eesen% 0>.
0>. When do When do you you switch switch 4A*4A*A$Ds A$Ds on on an an airway?airway?
•
• At the designated At the designated change over oint or change over oint or halfway if none halfway if none is deicted. #8eesen%is deicted. #8eesen%
39.
39. an yan you shoot ou shoot the the WL WL && $,+ && $,+ DM/ DM/ with with DM/ iDM/ inoerative?noerative?
•
• 4o' with DM/ in aroach name' it 4o' with DM/ in aroach name' it is re@uired. #8eesen%is re@uired. #8eesen%
31.
31. What would be What would be a 6D6 a 6D6 for a for a )79 HAT )79 HAT with both the with both the *5EDM/ and MA6 *5EDM/ and MA6 at the threshold?at the threshold?
•
• )79E)99 for ) degree sloe C1.& DM/)79E)99 for ) degree sloe C1.& DM/
3&.
3&. $f $f you lyou lose comose communications munications what what route wroute will ill you flyou fly?y?
•
• Jy the route assigned in the Jy the route assigned in the last Alast AT clearance receivedT clearance received •
• $f vectored' from the oint of $f vectored' from the oint of failure direct to fi(' route or airway failure direct to fi(' route or airway secified in the vector clearancesecified in the vector clearance •
• $n absence of a route' by the route $n absence of a route' by the route that Athat AT has advised may be e(ected T has advised may be e(ected in a further clearancein a further clearance •
• $f none of the above' then by the route $f none of the above' then by the route filed in flight lan. #A$M%filed in flight lan. #A$M%
3).
3). What does What does a a flashing white flashing white Air Air Traffic Traffic ontrol Tontrol Tower ower ,ight <un ,ight <un +ignal mean?+ignal mean?
•
• When on the ground' return to starting oint on the airort.When on the ground' return to starting oint on the airort. •
• When inflight' it is not alicable. #A$M%When inflight' it is not alicable. #A$M%
30.
•
• The highest of the following altitudes for the The highest of the following altitudes for the routeEsegment being flown that assigned routeEsegment being flown that assigned by ATby AT''
the M/A' or that advised may
the M/A' or that advised may be e(ected in a be e(ected in a further clearance. #A$M%further clearance. #A$M% 33.
33. What What are yare your rour rocedures iocedures if yf you lose ou lose communications communications in holin holding?ding?
•
• When the clearance limit is a fi( from which an aroach begins' commence descent or descentWhen the clearance limit is a fi( from which an aroach begins' commence descent or descent
and aroach as close as ossible to the /- time if one has
and aroach as close as ossible to the /- time if one has been received' or if one has notbeen received' or if one has not been received' as close
been received' as close as ossible to the as ossible to the /TA /TA as calculated from the filed or as calculated from the filed or amended #withamended #with AT
AT% /T/.% /T/.
•
• $f the clearance limit is not a fi( from which an aroach begins' leave the clearance limit at the$f the clearance limit is not a fi( from which an aroach begins' leave the clearance limit at the
/- time if one has been received' or if none has been received' uon arrival over the clearance /- time if one has been received' or if none has been received' uon arrival over the clearance limit' and roceed to a fi( from which an aroach begins and commence descent or descent and limit' and roceed to a fi( from which an aroach begins and commence descent or descent and aroach as
aroach as close as ossible close as ossible to the to the /TA /TA as calculated from the as calculated from the filed or amended filed or amended #with A#with AT%T% /T/. #A$M%
/T/. #A$M% 37.
37. How How can wcan we find e find out iout if a f a runway runway is is grooved?grooved?
•
• ,oo2 on the bac2 of the 8eesen ,oo2 on the bac2 of the 8eesen airfield diagram' at the additional runway information section.airfield diagram' at the additional runway information section.
3;.
3;. What What does does *A*A+$ +$ stand stand for?for?
•
• *isual Aroach +loe $ndicator. #A$M%*isual Aroach +loe $ndicator. #A$M%
3=.
3=. Describe Describe the the indications indications of of a ta three"bar hree"bar *A*A+$.+$.
•
• The to two rows of lights are for high coc2it aircraft' and the lower two rows are for everyoneThe to two rows of lights are for high coc2it aircraft' and the lower two rows are for everyone
else. else.
•
• ed over red C below glidesloeed over red C below glidesloe •
• ed over white C on glidesloeed over white C on glidesloe •
• White over white C above White over white C above glidesloe. #A$M%glidesloe. #A$M%
3>.
3>. What What does does 6A6A6$ 6$ stand stand for?for?
•
• 6recision Aroach 6ath $ndicator. #A$M%6recision Aroach 6ath $ndicator. #A$M%
79.
79. What What is is the the 6A6A6$ 6$ on on glidesloe glidesloe indication?indication?
•
• The right two lights are red The right two lights are red and the left two and the left two lights are white. #A$M%lights are white. #A$M%
71.
71. What What does does *A*A+$" +$" indicate?indicate?
•
• *A*A+$ is located +$ is located on the on the right side of right side of the runway. #A$M%the runway. #A$M%
7&.
7&. Where Where is is the the $,+ $,+ MA6?MA6?
•
• Decision Height. #A$M%Decision Height. #A$M%
7).
7). Describe Describe runway runway lighting.lighting.
•
• unway edge lights are white' e(cet on unway edge lights are white' e(cet on instrument runways amber relaces white on the lastinstrument runways amber relaces white on the last
&'999: or F the runway' whichever is less. The dearture end lights are red. The
&'999: or F the runway' whichever is less. The dearture end lights are red. The aroach endaroach end lights are green. enterline lights are white until )'999: remaining' then they alternate red lights are green. enterline lights are white until )'999: remaining' then they alternate red andand white for &'999: and are then red
white for &'999: and are then red for the last 1'999:. #A$M%for the last 1'999:. #A$M% 70.
70. Describe Describe ta(iway ta(iway lighting.lighting.
•
• Ta(iway edge lights are blueTa(iway edge lights are blue •
• Ta(iway centerlines will be green if installed. #A$M%Ta(iway centerlines will be green if installed. #A$M%
73.
73. What What does does 5DA,+ 5DA,+ stand stand for?for?
•
77.
77. What What are are /$,?/$,?
•
• unway /nd $dentifier ,ights' commonly referred to as threshold strobes. #A$M%unway /nd $dentifier ,ights' commonly referred to as threshold strobes. #A$M%
7;.
7;. What is What is a M/A a M/A ga' and ga' and what does what does it loo2 it loo2 li2e on li2e on a chart?a chart?
•
• A M A M/A /A ga is established ga is established when a ga e(ists iwhen a ga e(ists in guaranteed 4An guaranteed 4A**A$D sA$D signal coverage. $t ignal coverage. $t loo2s li2eloo2s li2e
a solid rectangle that is
a solid rectangle that is torn in half. #A$ME8eesen%torn in half. #A$ME8eesen% 7=.
7=. With good With good communications' communications' and uon and uon arrival at arrival at your clearancyour clearance limit e limit you stilyou still have l have received noreceived no further clearance' what do you do?
further clearance' what do you do?
•
• $f there is no ublished holding attern' enter a standard ho$f there is no ublished holding attern' enter a standard holding attern at the clearance limit.lding attern at the clearance limit.
Aircraft alt
Aircraft altitude determines titude determines the length of the lhe length of the legs and holding airegs and holding airseed. #A$M%seed. #A$M% 7>.
7>. What What is is lass lass A A airsace?airsace?
•
• <enerally that airsace from 1='999:msl u to and <enerally that airsace from 1='999:msl u to and including -,799. #A$M%including -,799. #A$M%
;9.
;9. What What are are the the re@uirements re@uirements for for a a visual visual aroach?aroach?
•
• An aroach conducted o An aroach conducted on an $- flign an $- flight lan' clear of ht lan' clear of clouds' and the iclouds' and the ilot must' at allot must' at all times'l times'
have either the airort or
have either the airort or the receding aircraft in sight. The aroach must the receding aircraft in sight. The aroach must be authorized andbe authorized and under A
under AT control. The reorted weather at T control. The reorted weather at airort must be airort must be at least 1'999: and at least 1'999: and )nm visibility.)nm visibility. #A$M%
#A$M% ;1.
;1. What What is is lass lass J J airsace?airsace?
•
• <enerally' that airsace from <enerally' that airsace from the surface to the surface to 19'999:msl surrounding the nation:s busiest airorts.19'999:msl surrounding the nation:s busiest airorts.
The configuration of each lass J
The configuration of each lass J airsace area is individually tailored and consist of airsace area is individually tailored and consist of a surfacea surface area and two or more layers #can resemble an uside down wedding ca2e%' and is designed to area and two or more layers #can resemble an uside down wedding ca2e%' and is designed to contain all ublished
contain all ublished instrument aroach rocedures. ATinstrument aroach rocedures. AT clearance' two"way radio clearance' two"way radio communications' a transonder with Mode caability and a
communications' a transonder with Mode caability and a rivate ilot:s license are allrivate ilot:s license are all re@uired to fly in lass
re@uired to fly in lass J airsace' and for $- flight' a J airsace' and for $- flight' a *5 or TA*5 or TAA4 is also re@uired. #A$M%A4 is also re@uired. #A$M% ;&.
;&. When are yWhen are you e(ected to ou e(ected to begin slowing begin slowing rior to a rior to a clearance liclearance limit if furmit if further clearance hther clearance has not beenas not been received?
received?
•
• When an aircraft is ) minutes or less from a clearance limit and clearance beyond the fi( has notWhen an aircraft is ) minutes or less from a clearance limit and clearance beyond the fi( has not
been received' the ilot is e(ected to start a seed reduction so that the aircraft will cross the fi(' been received' the ilot is e(ected to start a seed reduction so that the aircraft will cross the fi(' initially' at or below the ma(imum holding seed. #A$M%
initially' at or below the ma(imum holding seed. #A$M% ;).
;). What What are are the the critical critical hases hases of of flight?flight?
•
• TaTa(i' ta2eoff' landing and (i' ta2eoff' landing and all other flight oerations all other flight oerations other than cruise other than cruise flight conducted belowflight conducted below
19'999:. #-A% 19'999:. #-A% ;0.
;0. What would What would the -irst the -irst 5fficer 5fficer have to do have to do if the if the atain had tatain had to leave the o leave the flight dec2 flight dec2 and use theand use the restroom while the aircraft is cruising at -,
restroom while the aircraft is cruising at -, &79?
&79?
•
• $f one ilot leaves the flight dec2 when oerating at altitudes above $f one ilot leaves the flight dec2 when oerating at altitudes above &3'999:msl' the remaining&3'999:msl' the remaining
ilot at the controls shall ut on and use an aroved
ilot at the controls shall ut on and use an aroved o(ygen mas2 until the other ilot returns.o(ygen mas2 until the other ilot returns. #-A%
#-A% ;3.
;3. When cleared When cleared for an for an aroach and aroach and not establinot established on tshed on that aroach hat aroach rocedure' wrocedure' when can hen can youyou descend?
descend?
•
• Maintain the last assigned altitude unless a Maintain the last assigned altitude unless a different altitude is assigned by Adifferent altitude is assigned by AT' or until theT' or until the
aircraft is established on a segment
aircraft is established on a segment of a ublished route or of a ublished route or instrument aroach rocedure.instrument aroach rocedure. #-A%
#-A% ;7.
;7. What What signifies signifies the higthe highest hest oint oint on the on the aroach aroach late clate chart?hart?
•
• The elevation with a large arrow The elevation with a large arrow ointing to it. #8eesen%ointing to it. #8eesen%
;;.
•
• eort the time and altitude uon eort the time and altitude uon entering holdingentering holding •
• eort leaving holding. #A$M%eort leaving holding. #A$M%
;=.
;=. +tate +tate the the ma(imum ma(imum holding holding airseeds?airseeds?
•
• &992ts MHA I 7999:msl&992ts MHA I 7999:msl •
• &)92ts 7'991:msl"10'999:m&)92ts 7'991:msl"10'999:mslsl •
• &732ts P10'991:msl #A$M%&732ts P10'991:msl #A$M%
;>.
;>. How How do do you you determine determine holding holding leg leg lengths?lengths?
•
• Q10'999:msl' 1 min inbound to the Q10'999:msl' 1 min inbound to the fi(fi( •
• P10'991:msl' 1 F min inbound to P10'991:msl' 1 F min inbound to the fi(. #A$M%the fi(. #A$M%
=9.
=9. $f DM$f DM/ is / is out on out on a ,5 a ,5 aroach' how aroach' how might ymight you determine ou determine the MA6the MA6??
•
• Timing from the -A-. #8eesen%Timing from the -A-. #8eesen%
=1.
=1. Are Are stoways stoways included included in runwin runway length ay length for 8for 8eesen runweesen runway descritiay descritions?ons?
•
• 4o. +toways and overruns are not 4o. +toways and overruns are not included in runway length. #8eesen%included in runway length. #8eesen%
=&.
=&. $f ground $f ground control clears control clears you to tyou to ta(i to the a(i to the active runwactive runway' ay' can you cross can you cross that runway that runway to get to to get to the holdthe hold short?
short?
•
• 4o. #A$M%4o. #A$M%
=).
=). 5n ta2eoff 5n ta2eoff what wilwhat will the runwl the runway centerline ay centerline lighting systlighting system loo2 liem loo2 li2e aroaching th2e aroaching the dearture end e dearture end of of runway?
runway?
•
• unway centerline lights are white until )999: remaining alternating red and white until 1999:unway centerline lights are white until )999: remaining alternating red and white until 1999:
remaining then all red. #A$M% remaining then all red. #A$M% =0.
=0. What What denotes denotes an an $,+ $,+ critical critical area?area?
•
• Lellow ladder li2e symbol on the ta(iway. #A$M%Lellow ladder li2e symbol on the ta(iway. #A$M%
=3.
=3. When When is is an an $,+ $,+ critical critical area area in in effect?effect?
•
• When the weather is less When the weather is less than =99E&. #A$M%than =99E&. #A$M%
=7.
=7. What What does does AJ9; AJ9; mean mean in in a a M/TA?M/TA?
•
• ain began time 9; ast the hour. #A$M%ain began time 9; ast the hour. #A$M%
=;.
=;. What does What does A5& A5& mean in mean in the remar2s the remar2s section of section of a M/Ta M/TA?A?
•
• The tye of automated station' in this The tye of automated station' in this case' automated station with case' automated station with reciitation discriminatreciitation discriminator.or.
#A$M% #A$M% ==.
==. When wWhen will ill bra2ing bra2ing action action advisories advisories be lacbe laced in ed in effect?effect?
•
• When tower controllers have received runway bra2ing action reorts When tower controllers have received runway bra2ing action reorts which include the terms oor which include the terms oor
or nil' or whenever weather conditions are
or nil' or whenever weather conditions are conducive to deteriorating or raidly changing runwayconducive to deteriorating or raidly changing runway bra2ing conditions. #A$M%
bra2ing conditions. #A$M% =>.
=>. What What are are the the recommended recommended thunderstorm thunderstorm avoidance avoidance criteria?criteria?
•
• Avoid thunderst Avoid thunderstorms in altitorms in altitude by 1'999: ude by 1'999: for every 192ts of for every 192ts of wind at altiwind at altitudetude •
• Avoid by at l Avoid by at least &9nm on the uweast &9nm on the uwind side. #A$Mind side. #A$M%%
>9.
>9. At At what what altitude altitude are you are you re@uired re@uired to have to have oerable Doerable DM/?M/?
•
>1.
>1. What What are are the the aroach aroach categories?categories?
•
• at A less than >12tsat A less than >12ts •
• at J >12ts"1&92tsat J >12ts"1&92ts •
• at 1&12ts"1092tsat 1&12ts"1092ts •
• at D 1012ts"1732tsat D 1012ts"1732ts •
• at / 1772ts and greater. #A$M%at / 1772ts and greater. #A$M%
>&.
>&. How How is is an an aircraft:s aircraft:s category category determined?determined?
•
• 1.) times stall seed in 1.) times stall seed in the landing configuration at ma(imum gross landing weight. #A$M%the landing configuration at ma(imum gross landing weight. #A$M%
>).
>). How do How do you determiyou determine what ne what the aroach the aroach light conflight configuration iiguration is for s for an airort?an airort?
•
• ,oo2 on the bac2 of the a,oo2 on the bac2 of the airfield diagram to determine aroach lighting configuration for eachirfield diagram to determine aroach lighting configuration for each
runway. runway. >0.
>0. What What does tdoes the desihe designation gnation #H% #H% ne(t ne(t to tto the *5he *5 i indicate?ndicate?
•
• High altitude designated *5 service High altitude designated *5 service volume. 1='999: through 03'999: C 1)9nm volume. 1='999: through 03'999: C 1)9nm #A$M%#A$M%
>3.
>3. How How can can you you determine determine ressure ressure altitude altitude inflight?inflight?
•
• +et &>.>&inHg in the altimeter+et &>.>&inHg in the altimeter
>7.
>7. What What is is density density altitude?altitude?
•
• $t is ressure altitude corrected for deviations from standard $t is ressure altitude corrected for deviations from standard day temeratureday temerature
>;.
>;. What What is tis the she service vervice volume olume for a for a #T% #T% designated designated *5?*5?
•
• 1'999: I 1&'999: C &3nm 1'999: I 1&'999: C &3nm #A$M%#A$M%
>=.
>=. What What is is a a dislaced dislaced threshold?threshold?
•
• A di A dislaced threshold islaced threshold is a threshold locats a threshold located at a oint on ted at a oint on the runway other the runway other than the designatedhan the designated
beginning of the runway. $t reduces the length of the
beginning of the runway. $t reduces the length of the runway available for landings. The ortion ofrunway available for landings. The ortion of the runway behind a
the runway behind a dislaced threshold is available for ta2eoffs in either direction and dislaced threshold is available for ta2eoffs in either direction and landingslandings from the oosite
from the oosite direction. #A$M%direction. #A$M% >>.
>>. What What is is H$WA+?H$WA+?
•
• H$WA+ #Hazardous $nflight Weather Advisory +ervice% broadcasts +$<M/T+' A$M/T+' andH$WA+ #Hazardous $nflight Weather Advisory +ervice% broadcasts +$<M/T+' A$M/T+' and
6$/6+ continuously over *5 fre@uencies. #A$M% 6$/6+ continuously over *5 fre@uencies. #A$M% 199.
199. How far How far will will you travel you travel in 19min in 19min at )&92tas at )&92tas with a with a 392t headw392t headwind?ind?
•
• )&9 I 39 C &;92gs or 0.3nmEmin ( 19min C 03nm)&9 I 39 C &;92gs or 0.3nmEmin ( 19min C 03nm
191.
191. onvert onvert >>55 to -. to -.
•
• # ( &% I 19K B )& C -# ( &% I 19K B )& C -•
• > ( & C 1=' #1= I & C 17%' 17 B )& > ( & C 1=' #1= I & C 17%' 17 B )& C 0=C 0=55-
-19&.
19&. When turniWhen turning from ng from a taila tailwind to wind to a headwind' a headwind' what wiwhat will haen ll haen to your to your $A+?$A+?
•
• 4othing' only the groundseed changes.4othing' only the groundseed changes.
19).
19). What is What is significant significant about a about a letter iletter in a *n a *5 aroac5 aroach designation' h designation' ie. *5ie. *5"A?"A?
•
• The use of an alhabetical designation indicates the rocedure does not The use of an alhabetical designation indicates the rocedure does not meet the criteria formeet the criteria for
straight"in landing minimums #will be circling%. #8eesen% straight"in landing minimums #will be circling%. #8eesen% 190.
•
• R#- I )&% B 19KS E& C then I R#- I )&% B 19KS E& C then I &&55E1999NE1999N •
• 79 I )& C &= B ) C )1 E & C 79 I )& C &= B ) C )1 E & C 13.313.355 C ;';39: C ;';39:
193.
193. Doing )192tDoing )192tas witas with a 392t h a 392t tailwind' tailwind' how long how long will iwill it ta2e t ta2e to go to go ;3 miles?;3 miles?
•
• )19 B 39 C )79 C 7nmEmin ;3nm E 7nmEmin C 1&min )9sec)19 B 39 C )79 C 7nmEmin ;3nm E 7nmEmin C 1&min )9sec
197.
197. $f you arc $f you arc from the 9from the 9>& radial nort>& radial northwest on thwest on the 1& DM/ he 1& DM/ arc to intarc to intercet the )ercet the ))& radial. )& radial. How manyHow many miles will you travel on the
miles will you travel on the arc?arc?
•
• At 1& DM/ At 1& DM/ C 3 radialsEnm C 3 radialsEnm for 1&9 radials' for 1&9 radials' 1&9 E 3 C &0nm.1&9 E 3 C &0nm.
19;.
19;. LoLou weigh 1=&'u weigh 1=&'999lbs and need 999lbs and need to dum to to dum to 133'999lbs. With 133'999lbs. With a dum rata dum rate of )999lbsEme of )999lbsEminute howinute how long will this ta2e?
long will this ta2e?
•
• 1=&'999lbs I 133'999lbs C &;'999lbs. &;'999lbs E 1=&'999lbs I 133'999lbs C &;'999lbs. &;'999lbs E )'999lbEmin C >min.)'999lbEmin C >min.
19=.
19=. How lHow long will ong will it ta2it ta2e to due to dum 79'999lbs m 79'999lbs of fuel of fuel at a rat a rate of ate of &'399lbsEmin?&'399lbsEmin?
•
• &'399 ( & C 3'999 ' 79'999 E &'399 ( & C 3'999 ' 79'999 E 3'999 C 1& ( & C &0min or3'999 C 1& ( & C &0min or •
• &'399 ( 0 C 19'999' 79'999 E 19'999 C 7 &'399 ( 0 C 19'999' 79'999 E 19'999 C 7 ( 0 C &0min( 0 C &0min
19>.
19>. LoLou need to descend to cru need to descend to cross a fi( at 3'9oss a fi( at 3'999: from 99: from -,&39' doing )992gs. -,&39' doing )992gs. At 0'999:EAt 0'999:Emin 5D' min 5D' howhow far out must you start the descent to cross the fi( at 3'999:?
far out must you start the descent to cross the fi( at 3'999:?
•
• &3'999: I 3'999: C &9'999:. &9'999: E 0'999:Emin C 3 min. )992gs C &3'999: I 3'999: C &9'999:. &9'999: E 0'999:Emin C 3 min. )992gs C 3nmEmin. 3min ( 3nmEmin C3nmEmin. 3min ( 3nmEmin C
&3nm from fi(. &3nm from fi(. 11
119. 9. LoLou need to lou need to loose &9'999: ose &9'999: in 3min. What in 3min. What rate of descrate of descent is re@ent is re@uired?uired?
•
• 0'999:Emin.0'999:Emin.
11
111. 1. LoLou are u are going )792tas with a going )792tas with a 792ts headwind792ts headwind. How . How long will it long will it ta2e you to ta2e you to go ;3nm?go ;3nm?
•
• 13min13min
11
11&. &. LoLou traveled )13 u traveled )13 miles in miles in 03 minutes. What 03 minutes. What is you seed is you seed in nmEmin?in nmEmin?
•
• )13 E ) C 193' )13 B 193 C 0&92ts C ;nmEmin.)13 E ) C 193' )13 B 193 C 0&92ts C ;nmEmin.
11
11). ). LoLou are going u are going 1392tas with 1392tas with no wind' no wind' how long does how long does it ta2e tit ta2e to travel 19o travel 19nm?nm?
•
• 0min0min
11
110. 0. What:s What:s the the recirocal recirocal &79?&79?
•
• 9=99=9
11
113. 3. What What is is the the recirocal recirocal of of 19&?19&?
•
• &=&&=&
11
117. 7. What What is is the the recirocal recirocal of of 91&?91&?
•
• 1>&1>&
11
11;. ;. What What are are the the three three classes classes of of aircraft?aircraft?
•
• Heavy #P&&3'999lbs%' ,arge #P01'999lbs I &&3'999%' +mall #01'999lbs and less% #A$M%Heavy #P&&3'999lbs%' ,arge #P01'999lbs I &&3'999%' +mall #01'999lbs and less% #A$M%
11
11=. =. Aroach Aroach states the alstates the altimeter is timeter is &>.>3' but y&>.>3' but you accidentally ou accidentally set &=.>3. set &=.>3. What does thWhat does the altimetere altimeter read at landing' and will you touchdown before or after you thin2 you should?
read at landing' and will you touchdown before or after you thin2 you should?
•
• $f your altimeter is set below the $f your altimeter is set below the local setting' then you will read lower than local setting' then you will read lower than the actual altitude andthe actual altitude and
in this case by 1'999:' and will land after you thin2 you should. in this case by 1'999:' and will land after you thin2 you should. 11>.
11>. LoLou are at u are at -,039 and need to -,039 and need to descend to -,&39' with &'999:Emin 5D' descend to -,&39' with &'999:Emin 5D' how far whow far will you travel inill you travel in the descent at 0=92ts?
•
• 032 I &32 C &92' &9 E & C 19min. #0=9 C =nmEmin% 19min ( =nmEmin C =9nm.032 I &32 C &92' &9 E & C 19min. #0=9 C =nmEmin% 19min ( =nmEmin C =9nm.
1&9.
1&9. TravTraveling at eling at =.3nmEmin' =.3nmEmin' how far how far will will you go you go in )9miin )9min?n?
•
• =.3 C 3192ts. 319 E & C &33nm in =.3 C 3192ts. 319 E & C &33nm in )9min.)9min.
1&1.
1&1. Descend from Descend from -,)39 to --,)39 to -,1>9 with a ,1>9 with a &999:Emin r&999:Emin rate of descentate of descent' how long ' how long will iwill it ta2e?t ta2e?
•
• )32 I 1>2 C 172. 17 E & C =min.)32 I 1>2 C 172. 17 E & C =min.
1&&.
1&&. At At &092tas wi&092tas with no wth no wind' how ind' how long willong will it l it ta2e to ta2e to travel )>9ntravel )>9nm?m?
•
• &092ts C 0nmEmin' )>9nm E &092ts C 0nmEmin' )>9nm E 0nmEmin C >;min )9sec.0nmEmin C >;min )9sec.
1&).
1&). LoLou need to descu need to descend from -end from -,&>9 to 10'999: ,&>9 to 10'999: at &'399:Emiat &'399:Emin. How ln. How long will iong will it ta2e?t ta2e?
•
• 13'999: E &'399:Emin C 7min #&.3 ( & C 3' 13 E 3 C )' ) 13'999: E &'399:Emin C 7min #&.3 ( & C 3' 13 E 3 C )' ) ( & C 7min%( & C 7min%
1&0.
1&0. $f you $f you need to need to dum &9'999ldum &9'999lbs of bs of fuel at fuel at 7'999lbEmin' 7'999lbEmin' how long how long will iwill it ta2e?t ta2e?
•
• &9 E 7 C ) B &9.&9 E 7 C ) B &9.
1&3.
1&3. ecirocal ecirocal of of 1)>?1)>?
•
• )1>)1>
1&7.
1&7. LoLou need to duu need to dum )3'999lbs of m )3'999lbs of fuel at a fuel at a rate of rate of &399lbsEmin. H&399lbsEmin. How long wow long will it ill it ta2e?ta2e?
•
• 10min #&.3 ( & C 3' )3 10min #&.3 ( & C 3' )3 E 3 C ;' ; ( & E 3 C ;' ; ( & C 10% or #)3 E &.3 C 10%C 10% or #)3 E &.3 C 10%
1&;.
1&;. <oing )&92t<oing )&92tas with as with a 392t a 392t headwind' how headwind' how long wlong will it ill it ta2e to ta2e to go >9nm?go >9nm?
•
• &9min&9min
1&=.
1&=. LoLou are traveling at u are traveling at )792tas with a 7)792tas with a 792t tailwind. 92t tailwind. How long wiHow long will it ta2e to tll it ta2e to travel 033 milesravel 033 miles??
•
• )79 B 79 C 0&92gs C ;nmEmin. 033 E ; )79 B 79 C 0&92gs C ;nmEmin. 033 E ; C 73minC 73min
1&>.
1&>. $f you bur$f you burn >'999lbEhrn >'999lbEhr' how ' how much fuel much fuel will you will you burn in a burn in a 1 B &9 1 B &9 flight?flight?
•
• #6roortions% )2 er &9min' >'999lbs B )'999lbs C #6roortions% )2 er &9min' >'999lbs B )'999lbs C 1&'999lbs1&'999lbs
1)9.
1)9. $f $f you go you go );3nm i);3nm in 03min 03min' wn' what ihat is your s your ground ground seed?seed?
•
• );3 E ) C 1&3' );3 B 1&3 C 3992gs);3 E ) C 1&3' );3 B 1&3 C 3992gs
1)1.
1)1. <oing 3=92t<oing 3=92tas with as with a 092t a 092t headwind' how headwind' how long wlong will it ill it ta2e to ta2e to go )79nm?go )79nm?
•
• 3=9 I 09 C 3092gs C >nmEmin' )79 E 3=9 I 09 C 3092gs C >nmEmin' )79 E > C 09 minutes.> C 09 minutes.
1)&.
1)&. 5n a 5n a standard dstandard day what ay what altitude altitude would wwould we encounter e encounter the freezthe freezing leveling level??
•
• #I &#I &55 E1'999:% 13 E1'999:% 1355 to 9 to 955 C 13' 13 E & C C 13' 13 E & C ;.3 ( 1'999: C ;'399:;.3 ( 1'999: C ;'399:
1)).
1)). Assume yAssume you are burning ='999lou are burning ='999lbsEhr. bsEhr. 5n an $- fl5n an $- flight' what iight' what is the fuel re@uirs the fuel re@uired for a 1B)9 tred for a 1B)9 tri' withi' with an alternate being 9B)9 minutes away?
an alternate being 9B)9 minutes away?
•
• ='999lbEhr ( 1.3hr C 1&'999lbs B ='999lbEhr ( 1.3hr C 1&'999lbs B 0'999lbs #to fly to the 0'999lbs #to fly to the alternate% B 7'999lbs #03 minutes of flyingalternate% B 7'999lbs #03 minutes of flying
time%. 1&'999 B 0'999 B
time%. 1&'999 B 0'999 B 7'999 C &&'999lbs.7'999 C &&'999lbs. 1)0.
1)0. <oing )992ts' <oing )992ts' you need to you need to descend from descend from ))O to 19O ))O to 19O and slow and slow to &392ts. to &392ts. How far How far out do we out do we needneed to start our descent?
to start our descent?
•
• )) I 19 C &) ( ) C 7>' B 1nm E 192ts of )) I 19 C &) ( ) C 7>' B 1nm E 192ts of decel C 7> B 3 C ;0nm.decel C 7> B 3 C ;0nm.
1)3.
1)3. LoLou u traveled )79nm in traveled )79nm in 03 03 minutes. What minutes. What is is your <+?your <+?
•
• #6roortions% )79 E ) C 1&9. 1&9 ( 0 C 0=92ts.#6roortions% )79 E ) C 1&9. 1&9 ( 0 C 0=92ts.
1)7.
1)7. -lying -lying at 0092ts' at 0092ts' how far how far do ydo you fly ou fly in 03 in 03 min?min?
•
1);.
1);. onvert onvert 1&1&55 to -. to -.
• • 3030
1)=.
1)=. What What is is a a +D +D #onstant #onstant +eed +eed Drive%?Drive%?
•
• omonent that converts the variable 6M roduced by the engine to a constant 6M for theomonent that converts the variable 6M roduced by the engine to a constant 6M for the
generator. generator. 1)>.
1)>. What What is is a a TE?TE?
•
• Transformer E ectifierTransformer E ectifier
109.
109. What What does does the the TransTransformer former E E ectifier ectifier do?do?
•
• Transforms 113v to &=v and ectifies A to D ower.Transforms 113v to &=v and ectifies A to D ower.
101.
101. Why Why do do aircraft aircraft use use A A ower?ower?
•
• Allows small Allows smaller motors and wer motors and wires thereby reducing ires thereby reducing weight due to tweight due to the higher voltage and he higher voltage and lowlow
current of the A system. current of the A system. 10&.
10&. What What is is a a battery battery for for on on an an aircraft?aircraft?
•
• AE bac2u in t AE bac2u in the event of generator he event of generator failure of wfailure of when the generators are ihen the generators are inoerative.noerative.
10).
10). What What is is the the urose urose of of a a slat?slat?
•
• High"energy air flows from under the wing to energize the boundary layer which then delays aHigh"energy air flows from under the wing to energize the boundary layer which then delays a
stall to a higher angle of attac2 than would normal. stall to a higher angle of attac2 than would normal. 100.
100. Why Why do do some some aircraft aircraft have have two two sets sets of of ailerons?ailerons?
•
• -or increased maneuverability during slow seed flight.-or increased maneuverability during slow seed flight.
103.
103. When When are are outboard outboard ailerons ailerons designed designed to to wor2?wor2?
•
• 5utboard ailerons are designed to wor2 5utboard ailerons are designed to wor2 at slower seeds for increased controllability andat slower seeds for increased controllability and
maneuverability
maneuverability' but ' but the mechanization on the mechanization on latforms may differ.latforms may differ. 107.
107. What What is is the the function function of of a a fuse fuse lug?lug?
•
• 6revent tire blowout.6revent tire blowout.
10;.
10;. What What is is a a cabin cabin outflow outflow valve?valve?
•
• The valve that allows internal ressure to The valve that allows internal ressure to escae' thereby controlling aircraft ressurization. Theescae' thereby controlling aircraft ressurization. The
valve is oen on the ground gradually closes on a
valve is oen on the ground gradually closes on a schedule as the aircraft climbs.schedule as the aircraft climbs. 10=.
10=. What What does does mean mean in in a a M/TA?M/TA?
•
• Maintenance needed on the system.Maintenance needed on the system.
10>.
10>. What What is is an an AM?AM?
•
• Air ycle M Air ycle Machine #AM%achine #AM%
139.
139. How How does does an an Air Air ycle ycle Machine Machine wor2?wor2?
•
• An air cycle m An air cycle machine mi(es both hot achine mi(es both hot and cold air to rand cold air to regulate the temeregulate the temerature of the cabin. ature of the cabin. JeforeJefore
the air is cooled' it
the air is cooled' it is routed through the rimary heat is routed through the rimary heat e(changer to be cooled e(changer to be cooled by outside air. Theby outside air. The air then flows to the
air then flows to the air cycle machine comressor. The comressor increases both air ressureair cycle machine comressor. The comressor increases both air ressure and temerature. The air then goes to secondary heat e(changer and is cooled again. The air is and temerature. The air then goes to secondary heat e(changer and is cooled again. The air is then directed to the AM turbine resulting in even more
then directed to the AM turbine resulting in even more heat loss as it heat loss as it hels to ower the hels to ower the turbineturbine and in doing so it e(ands losing more heat. ,astly' the now cold air is routed to a water
and in doing so it e(ands losing more heat. ,astly' the now cold air is routed to a water
searator that removes moisture rior to the air entering the cabin. $t is at this oint that the air searator that removes moisture rior to the air entering the cabin. $t is at this oint that the air mi( valve regulates the flow of
mi( valve regulates the flow of both hot and cold both hot and cold air to maintain the desired temerature.air to maintain the desired temerature. 131.
•
• +tore hydraulic ressure+tore hydraulic ressure •
• 6rotect system against ressure surges6rotect system against ressure surges
13&.
13&. What has What has occurred ioccurred if the f the accumulator accumulator ressure gressure gauge reads auge reads U9: U9: ressure?ressure?
•
• The accumulator has lost it:s recharge.The accumulator has lost it:s recharge.
13).
13). 5n climbout 5n climbout there is there is a windshear ta windshear that results hat results in a taiin a tailwind decreasing lwind decreasing to calm wto calm wind. What arind. What are thee the indications?
indications?
•
• +ame as an increase in headwind. Alti+ame as an increase in headwind. Altitude' itch' and indicated airseed increase. #A$M%tude' itch' and indicated airseed increase. #A$M%
130.
130. What What is is the the e@uation e@uation for for Mach?Mach?
•
• M C TA+ E +eed of +oundM C TA+ E +eed of +ound
133.
133. $f you $f you conduct a conduct a constant Mach constant Mach climb' wclimb' what will hat will haen to haen to TATA+?+?
•
• TA+ will decrease #as temerature decreases' so must the TA+ to maintain Mach%TA+ will decrease #as temerature decreases' so must the TA+ to maintain Mach%
137.
137. What What is is **-/-/??
•
• Ma(imum fla e(tended seed. #A$M%Ma(imum fla e(tended seed. #A$M%
13;.
13;. What What if if **/-/-??
•
• +eed at which the critical engine +eed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail. #A$M%is assumed to fail. #A$M%
13=.
13=. What What is is **11??
•
• $t is the ma(imum seed in the ta2eoff at which the ilot must ta2e the first action to sto the$t is the ma(imum seed in the ta2eoff at which the ilot must ta2e the first action to sto the
airlane within the accelerate"sto distance. $t also is the
airlane within the accelerate"sto distance. $t also is the minimum seed in the ta2eoff' followingminimum seed in the ta2eoff' following a failure of the critical engine at *
a failure of the critical engine at */-/-' at which the ilot can continue the ta2eoff and achieve the' at which the ilot can continue the ta2eoff and achieve the
re@uired height above
re@uired height above the ta2eoff surface within the the ta2eoff surface within the ta2eoff distance. #sometimes Tta2eoff distance. #sometimes Ta2eofa2eofff Decision +eed% #A$M%
Decision +eed% #A$M% 13>.
13>. What What is is **&&??
•
• TaTa2eoff +afety +eed. A referenced airseed obtained after lift"off at which 2eoff +afety +eed. A referenced airseed obtained after lift"off at which the re@uired one"the re@uired one"
engine inoerative climb erformance can be achieved. engine inoerative climb erformance can be achieved. #A$M%#A$M% 179.
179. What What is is ** A A??
•
• Design maneuvering seed #A$M%Design maneuvering seed #A$M%
171.
171. What What is is **4/4/??
•
• 4ever"e(ceed seed #A$M%4ever"e(ceed seed #A$M%
17&.
17&. What What is is **M5M5??
•
• Ma(imum oerating limit seed #A$M%Ma(imum oerating limit seed #A$M%
17).
17). What What is is wind wind shear?shear?
•
• Wind shear is a change in wind seed andEor direction over a short dWind shear is a change in wind seed andEor direction over a short d istance' either horizontalistance' either horizontally or ly or
vertically. #A$M% vertically. #A$M% 170.
170. What What causes causes wind wind shear' shear' and how and how is is it rit reorted?eorted?
•
• Windshear is normally associated Windshear is normally associated with strong temerature inversions' surface obstructions'with strong temerature inversions' surface obstructions'
thunderstorms or
thunderstorms or frontal activity.frontal activity.
•
• 6$/6+' ,,WA+' +$<M/T+. #A$M%6$/6+' ,,WA+' +$<M/T+. #A$M%
173.
173. What arWhat are the e the fuel rfuel re@uirements fe@uirements for flor flight in ight in $- $- conditions?conditions?
•
• omlete the flight to the first airort of omlete the flight to the first airort of intended landing fly from that airort to intended landing fly from that airort to the alternatethe alternate
airort #if re@uired%' and fly after that for
