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(1)
(2)

CORNELL

UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

.

GIVEN

FOUNDATION

BOOK FUND

In

Memory

of

JOHN

LA PORTE GIVEN

(3)

CornellUniversity Library PJ 9237.E7178 1972

Dictionary pl.,.the.Atnharic,lan3^a^^^^^

1

(4)

'M

^=^

Cornell

University

Library

The

original of

this

book

is

in

the Cornell University

Library.

There

are

no

known

copyright

restrictions

in

the

United States

on

the

use

of

the

text.

(5)
(6)
(7)

This is an authorized facsimile of the original book, and

was produced in 1972 by

microfilm-xerography

by University Microfilms, A Xerox Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

(8)
(9)

DICTIONARY

OF

THE

AMHARIC

LANGUAGE.

IN

TWO

PARTS.

A*MHARIC

AND

ENGLISH,

AND

ENGLISH

AND

AMHARIC.

BV

THE

REV.

CHARLES

WILLIAM

ISENBERG,

MISSIONARYOF THECH0RCHMISSIONARYPOCIFTY IN EAST AFRICA.

LONDON;

PRINTEDFOR

THE CHURCH

MISSIONARY

SOCIET\',

SALISBURY SQUARE.

(10)

1237

£1

(11)
(12)
(13)

LONDON

:

(14)

PREFACE.

The

appearance

of a

new

Dictionary

of the

Amharic Language

needs

no

apology.

The

only

work

of this

kind

hitherto

published,

is

Ludolf

's

"

Lexicon

Amharico-Latinum,"

Frankfort, 1698.

That

distingtdshed

scholar,

eminent

for

his piety as

well

as for hislearning,

from

a confused

mass

of

materials

produced

a

" History

of Abyssinia,"

which forms

the basis of all that

has

been

said

by

subsequent

writers

on

the affairs of that

country.

He

also

composed

an

excellent

Ethiopic

Grammar

and

Lexicon.

He

subsequently

availed

himself

of the assistance of

Abba

Gregorius,

a

native of ]Mal:ana-Selasse, in

Shoa

who

for

a

short

time

resided

with

him

at the

Court

of

Duke

Ernest,

surnamed

the Pious, of

Saxe

Gotha—

to

prepare a

Grammar

and

a

Lexicon

of

the

Amharic

Language.

The

object of this last \vork

was,

to

prepare

the

way

for

the

civil

and

religious

improvement

of Abyssinia.

Considering

the

scanty

means which

he had

for

acquiring

a

knowledge

of the

Amharic Language*,

it is surprising

how

much

Ludolf

accomplished

in his

two

Amharic

works.

It is Jiot sur-prising that

they

are far inferior to his

Ethiopic works,

for

which

he

had

ampler

materials.

The

Amharic

Translation

of the

whole

Bible,

executed

in

Egypt

by

an

Abyssinian

monk,

Abu

Rvmii, or

as the

author

of this

Dictionary

received

his

name

from

a

personal

acquaintance

of his,

Dabtera Matteos

-Abi

Ruhli,

a

native of

Godjam, which was

revised

and

published

by

the British

and

Foreign

Bible Society, furnished a

more

valuable

source

for the

study

of the

Amharic

Language.

* His Teacher was the before-mentioned monk,

Abba

Gregorius,

who

had no idea ofany

^am-maticalrules of alangiiap:c; and who possessed,as the only literarysource forLudolfs Lexicon, a small Vocabularyof the most necessary words and expressions for daily intercourse, in Italian and

(15)

iv

PR

K FACE.

The

want

of a

good

Grammar

and

Dictionary,

however,

v,as

deeply

felt

by

the

Missionaries

of the

Church

Missionary

Society, in their intercourse

witli the

Abyssinians.

Still the

author

of this

work

did

not,

during

a

three

years' stay in

Tigre,

from

1835

to 1838, think of collecting

materials

for

a

Dictionary;

it

being

his conviction, that a

longer

residence

in the country,

and

the

publication

of the

Bible

Society's edition of the

Arnharic

Scriptures,

which

had

not

then

taken

place,

would

better qualify

him,

or

any

of his

brethren, for the

execution

of

such

an

important

work.

But

when,

after

the

sudden

and

unexpected

breaking-up

of their

Tigre

Mission,

he, witli his fellow-labourer, the

Rev.

J.

L. Krapf,

left Eo;j'|)t, for

Rhoa,

in

January

1839, fid the

Red

Sea,

he

was

so

impressed

witli the necessity

of

collecting

materials

for

a Dictionary,

that

he

resolved

to

begin

with

this

work

while

on

their

journey,

and

to

employ upon

it all the leisure

hours

which

that

long journey

afforded

him.

His

plan

was,

while

on

the

journey,

to

read

the

whole

of vrhat,

up

to

that period,

had

been

published

of the

Amharic

Scrijituros; i.e. the

Pentateuch,

the

Psalms,

and

the

New

Testament,

and

to

put

down

eveiy

word

contained

in

them

;

and,

after their arrival in

Shoa,

to collect

words

from

the Natives.

The

nature

of the

journey,

however

being

the first

attempt

of

Europeans

to enter

Shoa

by

a

road

liitherto

unknown

did

not

allow

the

Missionaries

to carry

a

large library Avith

them

;

nor

were

the

great

variety of

circum-stances

and

situations

much

suited for

deep

study, or for the quiet

thought

which

such

a

work

required.

At

sea,

they

had

to

encounter

the

unruly

motions

of

wind

and

water;

on

their

journey

by

land, the

heat

of

a

scorching

sun,

various

privations,

constant

bustles

with

uncivilised natives,

and

various

other

unpleasant

circumstances.

AH,

therefore, that the

author

could

do,

was

after

having,

by

the assistance of a

well-informed

Abyssinian

who

accom-panied them,

secured

the true signification of

each

word

to write it

down

in short

notes

in

German,

and

to

mark

the Biblical

passage

where

it occurs.

The

same

plan

was

followed

during

the author's stay in

Shoa,

from

June

to

November

1839.

When

he

came

b

i,ck to

England,

in

order

to

ask

the

consent

of the

Committee

of the

Church

Missionary Society

to his

carrying

through

the press this

and

several

other

Amharic

works,

D.

Coates, Esq., the

(16)

PREFACE.

^'

author's late fellow-labourer in the

Tigre

Mission, the

Rev.

C.

H.

Blumhardt

;

who

had been removed,

after the

unfortunate

breaking-up

of that

Mission,

to the Society's Station at

Krishnaghur,

in

North

India.

Mr.

Blumhardt had

begun

that

Vocabulary

a. d. 1837,

soon

after his arrival at

Adoa

;

and,

with

the greatest assiduity,

continued

in its

composition

;

and

finished it at

Malta,

from

whence

he

sent it to

London,

in 1839, to the disposal of the

Committee.

To

the perusal of that

Vocabulary

the

author

owes

several

words which

lie

himself

had

not collected :

they

are generally

marked

with

the initials BI.

In the

same

way,

the

author

has

marked

those

words

vrhich

he

gathered

from

Ludolf

s

Lexicon,

Lud.

;

and

the

Arabic

words

on

Golius' authority, Gol.

On

the author's arrival in

London, he had

the satisfaction to find that the

whole

of the

Amharic

Old Testament had been

printed

*,

and was

favoured

with

a

copy

of it

by

the British

and

Foreign

Bible

Society.

This

enabled

him

to collect the

remaining

words

of those Biblical

Books which

he

had

not

seen

previously.

The

most

necessary thing, the collection,

being

thus

completed,

he

was

obliged, in

order

to fit the

work

for the press, to translate

the

German

into English, to give

each

word

the various significations

attached

to it,

and

to

show

its uses in conversation,

by

quoting

instances, either

from

the Scriptures or

from

common

life.

This

was

done,

while

the

work went

through

the press: for the

author

whose

connexion with

the

Church

Missio-nary

Society's

Mission

in

Shoa

obliged

him

to

shorten

his stay in

Europe

as

much

as possible

had

not

time

to finish the

work,

before the

printing

was

begun.

To

this circumstance,

some

defects are ascribable,

which

would

have been

obviated,if

proper time

had

been

allowed

for its

completion, before

it

was put

to press.

The

author

especially refers to the

want

of illustrative

instances in the

Second

Part,

and

to the

arrangement,

in the First,

of verbal

derivations: the latter of

which

would

have

been, in

some

instances, different,

if

he

had

been

able to

postpone

the printing of the Dictionary, until

the

Grammar,

in the

composition

of

which

he

is

now

engaged,

was

finished :

for the

author

has, in his

present

occupation

with

the

Grammar,

discovered

some

peculiarities in the verbs, of

which he was

not

yet

aware

when

the

(17)

vi

PREFACE.

Dictionary

was

printing.

While,

therefore,

he

aimed

at the perfection of

Hiis

work,

the

anthor

was

obliged

to

submit

to the necessity of

rendering

it

as perfect as

circumstances

would

allow.

Among

the quotations

from

Scripture, there

occur a

few

which

are

marked

with

asterisks: these refer to

such

passages

in the First

Edition

of the

New-Testament

or the

Psalms Mhich have been

altered in the

Second

or

Revised

Edition,

when

the printing of the

whole

Bible

was

completed.

The

student

is

requested

to

bear

this in

mind,

if

he

should

be

disappointed

in

looking

for the

quoted

passages

in the

wrong

edition.

They

are,

however,

of rare occurrence.

The

tj'pographical

execution

of this

work

does

honour

to

Mr.

Watts,

in

every

respect.

As

also for the

Amharic

type, that

had

been

previously

cast

by

him,

under

the directions of

T.

P. Piatt, Esq.,

while

the latter

was

super-intending

the printing of the

Amharic

Bible. It is the best

type

which

has ever

been

used

in

Ethiopic

Literature;

and

the Abyssinians,

who

saw

it in the

Pentateuch and

the

Psalms,

were

much

pleased with

it.

The

next

object of this

Dictionary

is, to assist the Missionaries of the

Gospel

appointed

for,

and

labouring

in those countries in

which

the

Amharic

Language

is

spoken,

in

preparing themselves

for their

work,

and

in

carrpng

it

on

in

Abyssinian

Schools. It is, at the

same

time,

intended

to

meet

the

demands

of

an

increasing

interest

among

the Christian Public, in the Civil

and

Religious

welfare

of the

Abyssinian

Nation.

Lastly, it is

hoped

that

this

work

may,

in

some

measure,

contribute to the

advancement

of the

know-ledge

of

Semitic

Languages

in

general

;

and

that it

may

become

the

means

of

facilitating the

study

of

other

African

Languages;

of

which

some

elements, the

author

believes,

have

mixed

with

the

Amharic

;

and

of others, into

which

the

Amharic

enters to

a greater

or lesser extent.

The

author

begs

to

express

his sincere

thanks

to the

Committee

of the

Church

Missionary

Society, for tlie assistance

rendered

to

him

in the

prepa-ration of this

and

several other

works

for the use of the

East-Africa

Mission.

He

would

take

this

opportunity

to sa;,, that the

longer

he

is in

connexion

with

this Society, the

more

he

finds

reason

to

thank

God

for

having placed

(18)

PREFACE.

' '^'"

him

in their service

the

more

he

honours,

the

more

he

loves

them.

May

the Spirit

and

the blessing of

God,

which

has

hitherto so

abundantly

been

upon

them,

and

so signally

crowned

their labom-s at

home

and abroad

in all parts

of the

world,

cont'nue

with

them,

constantly increasing;

enabling

them

to

overcome

all their difficulties;

and

faithfully to

discharge

their duties, to the

glory

of

God, and

to the

building

up

of

His

Church

among

the nations!

As

for the

present

distressing state of their

funds—

which

the

author

especially

regrets,

because

he

fears it

may

prevent

them

from

giving their

East-African

Mission

that

succour

which he

could

wish

^lie trusts that

He, whose

is "

both

the silver

and

gold,"

and

who

has

commanded

us to

pray

" the

Lord

of the

Harvest

to

send

Labourers

into

His

harvest," will inspire the

members

of the

Society

with

an abundant

measure

of love

and

zeal, so as to

come

forward

willingly

with

their substance, to assist the

Committee

to

go

on

with

renewed

vigour

in their course.

In

now

taking

leave cf this his

humble

offspring, the

author

commends

it to

the

indulgence

of the

Reader:

and

to the protection

and

blessing of the

Almighty,

the

promotion

of

whose

glory is its final object.

May

He

render

it

a

means,

to

enable

the Abyssinians, as well as their

Teachers,

to

proclaim

in

their

tongue

the

wonderful

works

of

God;

and

a

channel

for

convejdng

the salutary influences of

Evangelical

Doctrine

and

of Christian Civilization,

from

enlightened

Europe,

over

benighted Abyssinia

!

C.

W.

ISENBERG.

(19)

NOTICE TO THEBINDER. /

(20)
(21)

X

1 NOMERICAl, ouniiK of Ihc LETTEllS 1. Sli 2. E:: 3. cii 4. u;: 5. iE:; 6.s;: ^.'Li\ 8.

^;i

9. E;; 10. r.i 11.15;: 12.

imi

13. in;-14. 101; 13.

isu

10.

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17.

1^::

13.

Is;;

19. iy:: 20.35:; 21.

ssn

22.

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23.

snis

24.

son

25. !ES:; 26.

ss;"

27.

SS;j

28.

ES;1

29.

Se:;

30.

mil

31.

msn

32. iQl:;; 33.

mnv-OUDHRof

tlio

VOWllLS.

POWER

oftlie

VOWELS

.

,

Ethiopic

names

of

Vowkls

NAMESofLetters

Hoi

Lawi

Hd^t

MtVi aaut Re-es Sit Shat K'-df Tsh'ait P'ait

Tsadai

Ts;,r'Pa Aff VOWEllof Letters

rt'~T~H

L

M

D

S

R

to

u~

u)

IwT-s

SH

^^ forcedwitha JVf ' pecuiifti'anion „ ^ oftheprtlate

P

5) andthroav. \. «;'.

.S7itrr^.a, or a, a.vi?i cat

"lOli

i

Gcez

{original)

U:

A:

ha la

ha

uo:

ma

UJ:

sa «^: ra 1*1: sa II:

*:

sha k'a

P

^iuddcnexplosion

of breathfrom between

tbelipa. Is,resembling <'andith*

K:

Isa !?

Ts

F

P

DIPHTHONGS

R:

tsa <5.: fa

T:

pa «!»»: k'iia -*.; hh'ua

Y>:

kiia.

>:

guii. 11. >s:i 00, oru, f/.v in full, put

Irifj-n: kilcb (altered, second)

Ih: A-: fh-:

U^:

<.= ft-: n-: n--J. i. ?i-Tn-: Tl-: O).:

th:

H-:

P:

!L-^•

T-:

m-:

cot: A.: «-: 0-:

T:

hu, or

hoo

lu, ..loo 3 niu 3 su ru 3 SU shu k'£ bi'i ti tshu 1 ' liu 3

nu

gnu

3 u

ki

chii 3

wu

3 \J 3 zu .a J" 3

yu

du .3 J" 3 gi tsh'u i3

pu

.hoo .uioo . SCO . roo ..sc^o ..slioo ..k'oo .. boo ..tco ,. tshoo ,.hoo ..

noo

.g:ioo ,.oo .. k30 ..C100 ,.

voo

..00 ..zoo ..JOO ..

JOO

..doo ..joo •

goo

,.

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,. tili'oo ,. p'oo ts'u .. tij'oo tsu fi\ a

pu

..t'iOO ..foo ..poo 111. ir;: 'i «.» in pin, finger

W|Afl:

s'll'S (tliird) 4.:

(22)
(23)
(24)

FIRST

PART

OF

THE AMHARIC

DICTIONARY.

AMHARIC

AND

ENGLISH.

Note. Tliedash

(—

) generally stands instead ofa

wcrd

; (1) afterPrefixes; as,

U—

: Vl

:

andothers. (2) before Suffixes; as

—«:

—(!>::

(3)

by

itself, ^vith the colon only,

when

instances are brought forvsard to illustrate the

word

in question; e.g.

U-H-z

all, every

flQy.;

: "every

man,"

'-all

men,"

instead of (l(Ef-

If-A-"

ABBREVIATIONS.

Elh

Ethiopic. S

Ar

Arabic.

Amh

Amharic.

| Eur. .... European.

Tigr. orT. ..Tigrelanguage. I

non

occ.. .

non

occurrit, "does notoccur."

Shoa

Shoa

dialect.

{

The

PartsofSpeech, andseveralGrammaticalexpressions, are abbreviated, as inotherDictionaries.

U

: HA, is thefirstletterof theAbyssinian

Al-phabet. Its

name,

as

mentioned

by

Ludolph,

is

ITX-

»oi, (for*|'E:^c.

iLKA:

thehletter,

or letterin use for expressing thesound K);

butthe Abyssinians of the present day,

who

seem

tohavelostthe

names

of theirletters,

call it

UA-^SMJ:

luiirrAtinA, or tlie

nX

in

UAx:J'C0': in order to distinguish it

from

iti:,

which

they call d>9"<.flh:

hameruh;

or the

HA

in •jn^J.j^:,

and from

the

1:

which

they call-11H":}!"!: bezuhanaha,or

thehin•OH-ilS'i

"

I* is pronounced with

some

aspiration, likeour hinhouse;

and

corre-sponds withthespirituaaspcr(')intheGreek, the

n

in the

Hebrew, and

the iintheArabic

lanoaiage. Thisdistmction,however, refers

onlyto the original Ethiopic,

and

the

modern

Tigre; for as the organs of speech of the

modern

Amhara

people do not favour

many

guttural sounds, they generally

pronoimce

U

:

A

:

and

'J: alike,

with

a gentle

breath-ing, as theEnglish hinhouse,distinguishing

them

only

from

'Yl:

which

is

pronounced

with a stronger aspiration, as the

German

chinnoch nkht.

On

this account,these

gut-turals-are often confounded in writing:

and

as the

orthography

ofthe

Amharic

language

in general is, as yet,far

from

being settled,

thestudentisrequested tolook for

any

word,

which he

may

not find

under

this letter, to

ih:"!:.

oreveu"Yl: and

to ?\::

U

: HA, prep., is often, in

common

life,

in-accurately used, instead of

®J^:

to, unto,

towards. It

seems

to origin<ite

from

Yj

:

with

which

it is

sometimes

confounded.

13: 1. Suffix 2 pers. sing.

m.

(a) to nouns: B

(25)

Ih-.-.U-A^^I:

(

2

)

»ZA.A'^:

...U-Ci^:

thym.,e.g. rL'"ftJ: "if>yhouse." (h)toverbs

:

e.g.

OB^'U

: "he has beatenf/iee."

"XT

H.

'fv

fldt.C

:

^XTW

: "

may

God

comfortthee/"

ngUr:

Jpi^J^C^:

"may

He

(i.e.

God)

make

Mee

pass tlie uight well!" i.e.

"good

night!" (c)to prepositions; e.g. tra^l'IliJ:

^"'"l^y:

"he

(it) has

come upon

f/jee,"

" tothee."

2. Afformativeofvei*bsin the

same

person.

(q)

pret

; e.g.

•f^^avy^};

"thou lias<'sat

down."

(6)pres.

apd

fut. •i'T^J-AtJ : "thou

remainesi." (c) constr.1; e.g.

flATil:

"thy

eating," i.e. "thou IxulsI eaten."

3. Itisinfixedin verbs assmiiiug tlie 4th form,*J: e.g.

^(\'^H6^-

"hewillsend thee."

Note

:tl: isexchanged, («) for\}:

when

^

:

or

&-:

follow; e.g.

fimifl-

rtmUdV:

"thou hast

given

me,"

"thou

gavcsi him,''''

(b)for

H: when

long a follows;e.g.

l^il\H^:

"thou gayest her;" oaT,'-!-i|<j^: "thy

com-ing,"i.e. "thou earnest."

U-

: Jfformatlve 1 pers. sing. pret.in verbs

;

e.g.

Cnn^li'::

"I

have observed;" fi-om

(TirS'l'-:

"be

has observed."

It

changes

the 3 pers. sing, masc.,

when

added

asa suffix to it,

from

Gp:

to

^:

e.g.

inn ^11"^:

"I

w-atclied

him"

When

the

suffix has a

long

a, U': is

changed

into "X

e.g.

mn«>:S.^:

li-fU-:

'X'T^

"I

observed

her" "you," "thein;"or

into*^

e.g.

Y^V^'l".

"I

saw

her."

im-ij

:

HAHUHEE,

the three initial lettei*s of

the

Abyssinian

alphabet, used exactly as our

ABC,

signifying AJphahet.

IhA:

totality,

non

oce., except with suffixes,

Xhtc: lhA<P:

U-A^l:

U-A^-U-:

U-A

II-

A*:

a'^> wery, each, any, the whole. rtfB-:

U-A-:

"all

men," and

"every

man."

pcnj_^

mj^:

i|»/v: "«'e^''y

one

that learns."

mC[:

H'tc-

"in

all countries," or

"in

tlie whole country."

U-A*?:

the whole of her; e.g.

9",^C=

U'^

<p: "the wholeearth."

U'fi^'i:

all of us;

U-A^-l>:

all of

you;

IhA^O**:

all of them.

^th. Tn-A:: Tigi-.VlA:

Heb.Si)

At. jl.

Engl,

and German,

a//. Gr. oXof.

*JA.A'j?: hallelujah, Rev.xix.1.

U-A-l-:: Eth.

and

Tigr.

^A?i.f=::

<wo.

tH,:

and

U-AT:

"IH,: tuice.

:

00^:

LhA't?':

Eth.

and

Tigr. Vi^j^Tj^: the second,the

following, the double, fem.

U-ATT

&'!'"

U-AflH.:

instead of U-A't" : I.U,: twice. .

li'A'i^r:

s. the whole, totality.

lhA1-Y*rP:

"my

wholeconstitution, orsubstance." Prt

ay":

: " thewhole man," Gen.xiii.10.

tJA*S:

Eth. essence, sid)stance, existence. Rad.

UAO):

Eth.

Amh.

Yxfi'-"to be," "toexist,"

"tobe at

hand

;

" "adesse."

U-AJ^:

Isa.ii. 20.

Heb.ljph

Ar.jii- mole. Arab. plur. oili^i

?iUA^::

ll-AIH.:

always,at all times,

Gen.

vi.5:

com-posedof Ihifr: all,

and

"J^J-L: f'lnie.

VP'iil^

- hemhem, s. ayellow pigeon.

»jiyDi|gii: s. avessel for liquids,consisting in

theshell ofa gourd-likefruit

which

hasbeen

emptied

ofitscontents. It has a wide body

and

a

narrow

neck,likeabottle.

49"

A.:

HA.MLE,

name

oftheeleventh

month

of

the Abyssinian year, lasting

from

themiddle ofour JidytothemiddleofAugust. InTigre,

*i9"A:

signifies also the

same

as •Jtro'}:

which sea

jjags^:

Ar.

.U>

bath.

U^P^^•

and

?iqn^:

s. thebile, gall.

|)Q)nfT{: s. occurs Lev. xi. 30.

among

the

un-clean animals.

As

those Abyssinians of

whom

I inquired, did not

know

it,I suspect

it to

be

taken

from

the

Hebrew, an

alteration of JOI^n,

which

probably signifies a sort of Usard.

UyMfTjfTj:

in the Slioa dialect for Brari)nrj:

which

signifies acid, sour, acidity, vinegar.

UC-

s. silL

Ar.yJ^,

l|-£^: s. acertain plant

mentioned

Hos.iv.13.

I

(26)

Hd.'i'XiL-- U'ti:!t"J°- (

3

)

iri'-.'ins:-" food for lying-in

women."

SeeIsa. iii. 20.

where

the translator hasused only Arabicwords.

^d.'i'X^'

^

9'^een,

and sometimes

confounded with rtonj^*^: "light blue,""azure."

Ud,H

'• s- wwf,

made

of straw) but

more

gene-rally ofreeds.

UlT[Orq: s. hassXma, acertain carnivorous

and

short-legged animal, resembling a pig inthe

formation ofitshead

and

the nature of its skin. It is saidtolive chiefly

on

dead bodies,

which

itdigs out

from

burial-grounds.

Urt"^

:Tigr. insectin general. Eth. <hrt5l

"

IT'^OF:

Heb.^]y''tp1n hosanna!

Wtl^'^ii.:

s. hospital Eur.

UhQ,:Deut.xiv.l8.iO(J.:

tl«la.::

Ar.cJlli-and i^^Ui

Hat.

Amh.

PA.-"!*:

^^::

M^'fl

: standsIsa. Ixv.23. for prof/eny.

.UnH:

nom.

pr.hab.Xsiia,Abyssinia, Ar. jilsi.

It isoften

pronounced and

written ?\fl

H

:

:

The

common name

by

which

the Abyssi-nians themselves, as well as their

neigh-bours,calltheir country. Tlieancient

name,

?i.'l'P'R.y: Ethiopia, is only occasionally

used

among

the learned.

For

the

significa-tion of both names,

and

their

orthography

with

European

letters,see

Ludolf

s

Comment

inHist. Ethiop.

U'Tiri : Ar. ,

iJ^

collection.

Hosea

iii. 1.

Pa).&T:

U-nh

:

L_^i

^^^

cluster of grapes.

U'll't': Eth.gift,present. Tigr. U'fl 1^::

from

CDU

n

: Ar.

(_-^

" togive." In

Amharic,

it isusedchieflyin

composing

proper Christian

names

of persons; as,

UTIT

:

A^Al^:

"Habta

Selasse,"

U-nT:

o^c^fJU^,

&x;.

Besides this, it is used sometimes,but

very

rarely, in religiousconversation; e.g.

PYi"l

H.?i-fl*I^C:

"""I-

: ^(D': "it is agiftof

God,"

H'fVX'I^-

adj. liberal, used with reference to

the soil of acountry, &c.;fertile, productive.

The

termination

am

generally indicates

/«^-ness, like the Latin osm, a, urn,

and

the

English ous,&c.;

whereas

in

Hebrew

itforms

adverbs with nearly the

same

signification.

So U•fS:^gn:

properly"full of gifts;"

OOA

Viyo:

"formosus,'' "beauteous;"

If^VI^'

"ventrosus," i.e

"who

seems

to

be

allbelly," eating so

much

;

onDf^Hyn

:

"venomous,"

&c.

\T\: v.n. Eth.

t^i"

Tigr. Tfii." Ar.

JS.

To

become, to bemade,to happen, to be. Inf.

ou

in:

which

is often used substantively, the

being, existence, slate

and

condition ofa person orthing, &c.

^U-l:

"may

it be.'"

"Let

there be,""Gen.i.3.

U-tf:

liCft-- ITi- "all

was

made by

Him,"

John

i. 3.

^tI«?D:

i1

C:

Vllfl:

n;J,A:

"afterthisevent

had

hap-pened

(come

topass),"Gen.xlviii.1.

J\oq^:

^IFifAtl:

instead of

•1-U''?A?'Atl

:

"thou tdlt become son-in-lav/ to me," 1

Sam.

xviii. 21.

tm-M^iKf^"^:

IhT:

"6e(or

become, imperative) son-in-law to the king."

J^U"}:

m^:

"that

f

am

to become,"'v.22, 23.

T\^U"i£v^<}^:

"itwillnotbe proper

for

me."

HC^:

JKIl-'i^: instead of

^U-'JA^:

"let

him

be

my

slave,"

Gen.

xliv. 17.

<DC^:

in-.

-TtCtl:

ITi:

"be

it gold," or

" beitsilver,"i.e. "eithergold orsilver," v. 8.

n.infj:

ifit happened, or should happen:

Num.u.

29.

PU"!-?; ^\i£\:

just asit is,

occurs,or

tdU

occur; inEnglish, awhile, for Xpovov Ttva, iCor.xvi.7.

PITY.

U-f:

lite-rally, "bei7ig

vho

he is,""i.e. whoever he

may

be.Gal.v. 10.

>»^.^:

Wk

: asit happened.

'fy'iS.-

Wi

:

and

Xlgin

: "ifit(he &c.) is,""

and merely

"?^." Tliisexpressionisoften amplified

by

tlie addition of

Plfi:

(literally,

which is); thus:

PlFi:

^1^1/1:

if it (he

Sec.) is. li-r:

>k1S:

IJ-^:'whether it

had

(or has) happened. constr. 2.

Lh^

A!i-:

&c.; e.(7.

^mLrvT?:

U-^Alhr:

P>»"IH?i

-nrh-O:

fSn^: '^d.R'«?a:

HIJ^:

h.X.W

'i£i^'P^:: "ichereas

I

am

asinner, T cannot

fulfil the

law

of

God;"

(literally, /'that I

shouldfulfilthe

law

of

God,

willnot beto

me,"

i.e."is notin

my

power.")

(27)

uYi.7r':

...tmn:

(

4

)

UHH:

. .. ITJ^:

Heb.

>lin.

tn^Yl,:

is also used for

Kai--SuKij, the

name

of tlie

Queen

of the

Etliio-pians (MERoii, orshendis?), Actsviii. 27.

UYl,7"

: Ar.

f,jfJ- physician, instead of the

Amh.

HA:

uo^JY/f"-UYl.'t': s. ladness, sluggishness, idleness, sloth-fulness. Eth.

from

UYlP::

to beidle.

lI'Yl^: s. agitation, excitement, commotion,

dis-turbance; trop. tumult, sedition., insurrection,

revolt. Der.

from U(D'Vl

: ^th.toagitate,&x.

li^VfV'

adj. lazy, idle, sluggish, slothful; s. a lounger, idler, loiterer.

UYlYl:

Vid. J^YlYl::

UVi^:

Eth.

and

Tigr. id. s. the itch, itching. Ar.

Ki-.

IflljZ.: Eth. lazy, an idler.

Amh. UYLT?':

and

^Tri^::

'iCD'A^:

s. (1) obelisk:

(The

Abyssinians

be-lieve that the three sons of

Noah

divided

themselves into the three ancient quarters

of the

world

;

and

thateach of

them

erected

an

obelisk in his respective country; namely,

Shem

inAsia, Japhet in Europe,

and

Cham

in Africa; that ofthe latter to be found at

Axum.

Concerning

the obelisk at

Axum,

which

is described best

by

Riippell, the

common

people say that Satan

made

it,

as it could not

have been

the

work

ofman.)

(2) In books, the intermediate space between

two columns

on

a page,

which

runs

down

from

the top to thebottom.

U*Pil:

n- pr-

haw

ask,

name

of a river

on

the

southern

and

the eastern frontiers of

Shoa

:

derived probably

from

Ufflrt: or thCDtl- in

Eth. to

move;

thei-efore, the mover, runner.

Vdp'fl^-

the uncontracted

form

of U-Yl"!-:

q. V. Prov.XV. 6.

UHCTO'lf:

Amos

ix. 6. Ar. ii*^ a bundle of

wood; any

collectionofthings

bound

up

toge-therinto

one

mass.

Heb.

iT^?^^-tlH'fl: s.the smallchain or thong

on

the bridle

of horses,mules, or asses,

by which

they are

guided.

tlHH:

Lev. xxi. 20. Ar. ij]j=~ scurf.

VHH:

^An'"r:

sj]}s~ ij

j^"

infected with scurf,"

"scurfy."

Heb.

r\ph'^ herpes,creepingscurvy.

tijp: twenty. Tig.

and

Eth. (ji^6.::

:

K'i

J^: twenty-one.

:

IhA'Tf:

the

twenty-second.

UT^:

(1) n. pr. of the firstAbyss,letter: noi'.

(2) interj.

O

! the

some

as the

Greek

voca-tive case. T.^':

If^i

"

O

Lord

!

"

UJ£°^r'"r:

and

M^tr^iT't": s.faith, creed,

religious persuasion, religion, fl

:

PKV-"strong," "established," "firm in faith.''''

fJ:

P'hKA"^:

and T^JEUA:

LfjKOigr-^:

weak

in faith, ofliltlefaith.

: TvSlQi'- the

faith or creed cfthe Fathers;

which

is the

title of

an

Abyss, book, standard of their

divinity, consisting in

an

extract

from

the

writings of Clem. Alex., Tlieophilus of

An-tioch,

John

of Antioch, Dionys. of Antiocli, CvtHIus of Alex., Cluysostora,

and

others.

TJie

word

is taken

from

the Syriac.

V^V:

adj. the twentieth.

Uy^rn't'fl:

Rev. xxi. 21. vaKivBos, hyacinth

(agem).

IT^:

belly, abdomen.

P

: 'i>^(^fri't': colic,

gripes.

P

-.

a^fi'palif.

diarrhaa. Eth.

TriTlJ^: signifying viscus in general,

appli-cable to the heartas well as to the

stomach

and

bowels. Tigr. Yl-flS '

andTl-fl^:

'•'/•

tfJEJ":: Tlie 2 radic. in the original Eth.,

which

isasoft b,as the

modern

Greek

/3,has

been exchanged

for

w

; which,

throwing

oft'its

characterasa consonant altogether,

became

an

0,

and

as such

was

joined to the /(,into

which

the

k

has been

changed

by

aspiration.

Cf.Jl*^

and

^5^

which

both signify the liver,

as the largest of the viscera.

And

as to

the

etymology

of

IT^:

cf.

avfQ;

for

foinC"

4=

f''*'™ the Eth.

\U^:

and

others. It is used also tropically, denoting

the innermost part of

man

or of .things;

e.g.

YIQ:

RITK:

?*A:

(lit.

word

[or a

(28)

ITR'P*-- ...

A:

( 5 )

A:

possessed with a secret.

nT^J^C

=

^K"-"ivilhintheearth,inthe interiorof theearth." Matt. xiii.40. Tlie

same

withtheAr.^Joi.

U^sjo:

adj.

(If^:

belly,

and

-5-90:signifying

fulness, lit.full ofbelly, ventrosus),voracious, gluttonous, aglutton, one that can eat a large

tjuantify.

tIKC*

"'"•^i^' *^^^ 3d Abyssinian month,

com-mencing

in themiddle ofour

November, and

lasting to themiddle of

December.

yj^°|: iiKDAG, in a book, themarginat the

bot-tom

ofapage.

V^£V'

Arab.(Jsr*'Jerem.xvii.1 1.

Amh.

"J"^

:

(^.\.jmrtridge. Heb. ^5^3.

in£^:

but

more

generally?i.l£^:

Amh.

Eth.pi.

J'ltJ'l-C:

Amh.

?ilC^:

but seldom used. Deut. xix.5. town, village, country, like the

Ar. ijjj.

tj'f.^: Ar. «-»=^ aviolent uind,Jer. xxiii.9. trft: Eur. hup.

\i&,t\-

and

?vd.rt: v.a. toscrape,to rake

toge-ther. Tigr. lJ«I.rt.::

U^^fl:

s. one that scrapes, rakes together.

U-«{.ri: Ar.

^'ii.

^I'KV^Ji::

bat.

A"

A:

LA, the secondletter oftheAbyss,alphabet.

It is called lawi,

AIJ:

(sc.

(LRA:)

the I

letter,orletter inuse to express the/sound.

As

toitspoicer, it is, of course, a liquid or

fluid letter,easily pronounced, and liable to

change. In the

Amharic

it isoften

exchanged

foritscognate P: (l)In verbal substantives

ending in a

i: as

uj^;

" painter," instead of

uf

A.:;

^^i

"mighty,""able,"instead of

iFA.:;

n^:

for

HA.:

"sayer;" "TDi^.E:for 9Ui^/Y_: "resemblance," "kind," sort;" •t'*!>

njj:

"receivir," for

T«I"1A.:;

TYl^'^:

"follower," for

tYlJ-A.:

&c. (2) In verbs;

(a)in 2 pers.fem. forms,

where

3radic.being

A:

isto

assume

tliefem./; e.g."l"'i'n^Ari

:

for

•T'lTIA.^iAfi: "thou

(fem.)receivest,"

"wiltreceive."

T^^:

and

Top.:

"be

filled.

fill," imper, 2 pers. sing. fem. for

7"A.::

(h)in1pers. sing,of theconstructive

mood;

e.g.

TtnB:

-flK:

T^^All":

9«JPAU':

for

T'P'nA-.'nA.iTlnA.KAU-:

•?"A.?iiAU-::

As

in tlie other Semitic languages.

A:

is

usedasa particle,

and

prefixed tonouns,

pro-nouns, verbs,

and

adverbs. Its form, in

such

cases,is

determined

by

the initialofthe

word

to

which

it is prefixed.

When

prefixed to

nouns, pronouns,

and

adverbs, itis

A

: ifthe

word

begins with a consonant; but if it

begins with

an

a, a, or e, the

A:,

assuming

that vowel, effects the elision of the letter

wliich

was

consonanttoit; e.g.ti

tlQ^

:

where

it

remains

asitis. In

A

1

"• instead ofA"?»

\

ithas taken

up

the e withoutlieingaffected

by

it.

But

when

prefixed to Y\.f\

^

: it

be-comes

A:

for

A?*:;

the

A:

islengthened,the

consonant i\: ejected,

and

we

haveAI'l"::

So, also,

A^'t':

instead of

A?\1T:,

&e.

When

prefixed toverbs,it is

thought

vowel-less initself

(A

); so that,

when

meeting

with "i^:

1:

and

'^: it is

an

^

:;

when

meeting

with'f\- itthrows the tx: av^ay,and

becomes

A

:;

when

preceding JE

: it casts

the Ji

: out,

and becomes

A.

:;

when

,

joining the

^:

it

becomes

A.:,

and

theJ?:

remains. Infinitivesaretreated

by

it in the

same way

as substantives. Before the first

pronoun

singular

and

plural, it is usually

A

:

sometimes

A

:: Instances:

AJ^

C"l: for

Ah^CT

"

A^'S'CT

<^f.tr^CT

:

A.KO:

and

A^P^O-

Ab«J^£^1::

As

toitsSIGNIFICATION,it is a p-pposUion

when

prefixed to nouns,

and

a conjunction before

the verb. (1)

As

apreposition, itsignifiesthe

same

asin the

Hebrew

and Arabic

; namely,

an

universaldative, to, unto, belonging to,for, infavour of tothe benefit of, instead

of &c...

e.g-

ACI>:

JlffiG^:

"give

it to him."

aW

A^

••

which

signifies both, "send to me,"

and

"send/or

me"

(to

somebody

else).

At:

i(D^:

"it belongs to me."

Jl^.U-A^:

"I

have

writtento him," or "for{instead

of, infavour «/)him."

^Uil:

(D'rt^A'l':

"take this

(29)

AUJS;-:

•.

A.A:

( fi ) /\.A:

AtTOAyn:

Jo

her."

?»AU'lA*59":

"it

would

not be for

me,"

i.e. " I did not succeed in it."

AH«^:

^niPA:

"it is sufficient /or

to-day." A0)-"I'<,:

?»^in«?":

"it willnot do for always."

tJf^^^l-

"in order to do."

(2) £i.

: as a conjimclion, is prefixed to

verbs in the present tense,

and

signiBcs

an

intention,orobject,orohlujation; that,inorder thai; to, in orderto,&c.; e.g. 'i'iC^lV:

A.BR.(D

'I':ODfTj::

"he

came

in ordertotalk."

^oq

C:

>kCDSAU-:

"Hike

tolearn."

t^.C'Jin:

Vld.'!*:

A3'.g:

"open

thy eyes, that thou

may

est {inorder to) see."

"M.:

Aj^C'?®'-"I

will

do

it."

Al?^"!'!:

"ahallI

come

?

"

"hi.:

£t»^-

Y^I:

TiAl^?":

ATrh^K,:

f'T'lf'"

"I

"^'«^ (""J 'o)write,

and you

must

(areto)go." ts.l^'i:

and

l\Ui^'i^Q:

what

for?

wherefore ?

why

?for whatreason,object,

or

purpose

?

A11.K"- s. tenderness,softness,delicacy, adj.

ten-der, soft, delicate, effeminate. Eth.

£^^^:i

/\t|g_: Ar. ( s'.s^ bed-cover, chieflycounterpane.

ffA:

s.pearl. Ar.

Jp

AA:

V.n. io beslack;loose, lax. v.a.toleaveoff,

to yield,giveway. Tigr.

ADAH.",

to neglect,

relax. Isa. xxx. 28:

2\a^!^m

: At«l'5'4.

^

:

"^flVl^AA

: .£"41^"-""Qtilthouceasest

todestroy the nations."

PA

A:

^C^

gentle,

»u7c7, sweet,good

words

: 1

Kings

xii.7.

?iAA:

act.

and

trs. to giveway,relax,

and

to

slacken, to untie, to loosen.

{\,l\,: V.neg. impers. isnot;

and

with

sufT. has

not.

dm--

PAAn^

: n.'!':

"a

house

icith-out people." 2\"?»«7«C:

PA-Ad)-:

iKD-:

"a

man

that has (to

whom

/Aere w) no rea-son,"

"an

unreasonable, thoughtless

man."

Gen.

xliv. 13, 16:

"hTiyX-

"AT^AA

:

"that f/iere is nonelike me."

^iQ-t-f

= ''tt\T

^: PA^d)-:

?iil^C= "a

child to

whom

thereisnofather ormother,"i.e.

"an

orphan: Yl

:

A.

A:

"besides:^ "^ig

T:

>»3':

^m

(D-:

Via>C*f

:

Tfl^C:

A=A:: "hegavehim

many

things fcesWesthe gold and thesilver."

A.

A:

adj. other, different; e.g.TtCfi"-

?».P^A

•?":

AA:

\(Sn: "it is not he, it is another."'

>»"IH?'vn(h.C:

AAffl'T:

HC:

?»KO

A^

: "

God

hasgiven

me

anotherseed," Gen.

iv.25. Eth.and Tigr.

VjA>»::

A"A:

pl- Eth.

A°AA'"r::

servant-mnn, male servant.

The

female servant iscalled'It^^K"'•'

A

A.""l*: Eth. Tigr.and

Amh.

s.night. Hd,,:

:

"to-night."

P

:

P^:

"night-bird," esp.

"bat."

Wn--A,-X'

and

aW^^'P:—'.

"midnight," "halfthe night." cf. JjJ

and

iiji

Heb. 7^'?. It is often used to express the

time ofday-break

and

justbefore, but never latein the evening.

A'^'i: V.n. to be green, verdant,fresh, to

grow

verdant,toflourish,trop.toprosper. Gen.xlix.

15:

•F'^4,: PAOtl^-:

{'"1": "the land is

verdant,flourishing." Zech.vii. 7: i^vP*^"^

Ay":

If:

A'F':!': '^ivf-.

"when

Jerusa-lem was

yet(i^errfa?!<) in a stateof prosperity"

/\^o- and

with the fcm.termination

At^^f:

s. coif. Eth.

AUy::

Tigr.

Alf«l::

cf.

the Ar.

^

"flesh,"

and

theHeb.

ovh

"bread."

A9":

adj. tepid,lukewarm:trop. (/uie/,Zech.i.11.

Ay:

ad}- having

weak

eyes,dim-sighted. Gen. xxix. 17. (Eth.

^iWPizfcelAe.)

/V^:

and

A'O^.'?: s. lemon. llYid..

:

a large lemon,a citron.

AOOAOO:

i.g.

A"^:

to be or

become

green, fresh, flourishing, verdant,prosperous,to be in

a goodslate.

PA'^^A'^^

: green, fresh,

pro-sperous.

PA^^'A''**:

H^:

a green tree.

P

: rtCD':

"a

poiverful (stout, healthy,

jjrospering)

man."

p

IfiTi'^i.' "fresh, newly-baked bread," "not dry," (which is

K€.^:'r%'i$:6.:.) Tigr.

A«?OAa»l::

Eth.

^gDAsro::

^iA'^^'A^'^:

"to bringonverdure,""to

make

green," "render prosperous." Ps. xx. 3:

f^CmtJI:

JPA9aA70Ay:

"may

He

cause thy oOTering to flourish," (by being accepted with pleasure). Ezek. xvii. 24

:

P.^^I'OM:

'7x'iim'V:

^.AWOA"?^l^:

"/have

made

the

dry

wood

verdant."

(30)

A9"A9":

. .

KflAfnJK:

( ' )

Af^R"-

-A.*:

prosperous, flourhhing, i.q.

PA""A«™"

£i!V*6i!'P*'• s- verdure,freshness, greenness,

and

concr.greens, vegetables, adj.green, fresh,&c.

^•yn/^oij: s.greenness, verdure, sappiness, flou-rishingstate,prosperity, success. Deut.i. 25

:

"they took of its fruit, inorderto

show

us

^5U/\aq,Q)^'J

: its greenness, orsoppiness."

Prov.xiv, 23: nfl«^:

U-A-:

AT^An^:

.^1

jfA:

"in every

manner

of -work,prosperity

istobefound."

/^tnj-'f:LEM.lT,s.asortoftable

made

of twisted

reeds.. InSlioa, asortof large bread-baskets twistedofgrass.

fiOti\: V. a. to beg,askfor,topray, entreat,

be-seech,request, desire.

With

accus. of the

en-treated person

and

the desired object; e.g.

JZlUiT:

oaR-rfj^:

>kA9nWAlf-::

"lask

this

book

ofyou."

The

person for

whom

is

prayed, isconstructedwith

A

: e.g.

A9^

"JA"?: "ask"

or

"pray

for me."

'I-/\iJO^: pass,

and

med.tobe asked, entreated,

and

toanswer prayer, to grant the desired

object.

?»flA""l:

causat. "to cause another to

pray

ortobeg," &c.

/\tnj*5: (lamagn,

French

pronunciationofjm)s.

beggar, one

who

asks, frays, begs, &c.

^ODf

: s. beggary, request, entreaty, prayer,

petition.

A7n^•.:

flA9"l"

A7»1,^C"

^%^

«'^«^

for?for whatreasonor purpose?

A9"^

: s.the hairy,

untanned

skinof animals;

hide.

AODj^:

(Ar. jJj Heb.

^^7)

to accustom,

Jiabituafe oneself to, to become familiar with, get used to, to learn, to study. ^fl^'SCD'T:

S^^:

A'*^,K'W^-

"^o.ve you accustomed

yourselftothe Abyssinian language?"

TAODje:

id.

J^flA*'^]^: caus.

and

trs., to accustom,

habi-tuateanothertosomething,

make

acquainted

with,familiar, usedto. >,r't:

^UST:

Y\

tltiO^S/i-^:

"my

mother

has acquainted

me

with thishabit."

giOt)^:

s. habit, use, custom,fashion, manner.

^oi;|»-T:

"fO):: "to break, off a habit."

il^:

A^J^I:

Tt^Jj^:

"he

has learned

an

evil habit."

poooij^'}:

A^iJ^:

?»fl

TiDOP-

"I'Chas caused

him

toleave offhis

Aai.f< ofswearing."

^Xl:

Ao^J^:

^k•^

YlTA':

5n^.:

iOM":

"do

not follow the

manners of the country, for they are evil."

5^^K:

h.'iO

«fttrQ^: "according to the

fashionof the country."

A^^fD:

V. a. (of knives, razors, &c.) to set,

sharpen, on leather.

For

sharpening

on

a

stone,the

term

T\ti,(SL' isused.

^i/\troni: to smack,

make

a clashing noise

withthe tongue in eating (thought indis-pensablein Abyssinia).

/VOEJR:

V. n. to be or tobecome leprous.

A9"

Jt: s.leprosy; adj.leprous. Ex.iv.6. Lev.

xiii. 14.

tiJfo^ffu: adj. leprous; s. aleper.

Art:

v.a. to lick, lap. Eth.

Afhrt::

Tigr.

Ach

ll:: Ar.

^^^

inf. ao/^fj: <Ae licking; and

itsorgan, //le tongue.

AfSA"^:

adj. soft, of leather

and

similar

sub-stiiuces.

AflJ":

'^th: freshunmelledbutter:

Hosea

x. 7.

From

the Eth.

Afll:

"to be tasteless,"

"insipid," "harmless,"

"not

injurious."

Artl:

V.a. tobesmear, bedaub. fl.'l'T:

flf

d.

:

ArtiQ)': "he

ivhitewashedhishouse." "TAlIll: pass.

Act

xxiii.3.

TAlll:

id.

Dan.

v. 5.

A

"Til: Eth. tongue, speech, language, cf. I^J

and

Jlcb

language, Ex.vi.20. Act.ii.3. It is

not frequently used in the

Amharic

; as for

tongue they use tro/^fj: and for language,

A«S»: Eth.

AU^:

v.a. to be greater, larger, to

excel. Gen.xlix.3:

poi^

A^

: " tvhohasthe

ascendency(tlieprecedence)." It isfromthis verbthe adv.JEA'!*: more,greater,isderived.

A.*?: Eth. chief ruler, but

more

especially

member

of the Sujyreme Council inAbyssinia,

(31)

ATAI*:

. • •

Ail""!:

(

8

)

£t^aii:

. ., gi-fl:

Eth.

A.S'T: and

A.ir'a^^-f

:: tk.^\'.

'^M

f^:

"the

chief priests."

A.*?:

i^i^fl:

"c/uV/"metropolitan"i.e."Patriai-ch."

poo'}

If-"^:

A.3'a>'T'"t': "the supreme

counsel-lorsof the

kingdom."

A'PA'I':

V. a. to besmear, bedaub, tooverlay, to

icasft out, to rinse.

Gen.

vi.14: nHfJ.'!*:

A

^A'Pfl)*:

"besmearitwithpitch." Ex. xxv.

24:

na)C^:

-n^P:

A'^Ag'1':

"with

gold

only overlay it:" xxxvii. 2:

OR-^,:

QIC'S'

9":

A'i*A'I*(D'"

"he

overlaid it with

pure

gold."

^fl'^'l:

.A^A^:

"rinse the

caul-dron."

'TA'J'A'I*:pass.tobehesmeared,&c. Isa.ii.15:

PTA'I'A'I':

'^TC:

"the bedaubedv;a\\:'

'TA^'A*!': med.

to

wash

oneself, Lev. xv. 5.

^vflA'I'A^:

caus. to cause another to

be-smear, bedaub, &c.

A'1*^A4*":

V. a.

and

n. toyield(ofa

bow

when

unbent), to give way, to stretch itself, to be unbent, to beloosed.

?iA4*™A4*»:

act. to unbend,(abow), to (jive

way, to distenditself.

/^«|>^/^f{»-.^:s.Tigr.aceTtninyramineousplant

.

/\«|»tra: V. a. to collect, gather,pickup,pickout *

and

briny together: of cattle, &c. tograze, to

feed.

Gen.

xli. 18: ntD-;}:

KC: ^A^o»':

%nC=

"they were

gathering (sc. into their

stomach, i.e. grazing)

by

the water-side."

This

term

is used also for the cleansing of

grain, as corn, wheat, &c.,

and

otherfruit.

-j-^j|»OTJ: pass,tobecollected,gathered,picked

up,picked out.

YifXtk'V^^'- caus. to have collected, tocauseto

gather, &c. Ex. xxii. 5: 'SVdlP'i'F*-

HJ*

fiai}^,: "if

he

causes his cattle to

pas-ture,"

PA-AO^I: -nH-n:

At'^fiA'P

•7D:

"in

order to (so as to) graze (on)

another

man

sproperty."

/^jai]|^: s. the gatherer, collector.

Jercm.

\i.9

:

'

A3"^:

"turn

thy

hand

to the basket, as a

f\^atl:

a)C^=

"(;,a//iererofthefruitofthe

Warka," (which

is similar to the

sycamore)

:

Amos

vii. 14.

A3""t:

s. that which is gathered or collected,

the collection.

A'I'f': mourning, lamentation, weeping,

be-wailing.

J^A'I'rt: tomourn,to lament, bewail, bemoan,

weep

over: Gen.xxi. 16. xxiii. 2.&c. JsflA'I'l'l: caus. to produce mourning, cause

lamentations, excite to mourning, &c.

Luke

vii. 32: J^flA'TflTfA^'-lh:

"we

have ex-cited(by

way

of playing)toweepingforyou,

(i.e.

we

played in order that

you

should weep),

2\AA1"1^-1>"?"7"

:

and

(but)

you

didnot weep." Eccles. iii. 4.

^•Iji^yti; glutton,

and

one that is

fond

of

dain-ties (such as they are inAbyssinia), lover of sweetmeats.

One

of the

many

titles

by which

gluttons are distinguished in Abyssinia. See

ir^l^::

l*IAQ.::

l*nA::

lTi;}n: tll-B

"I-n::

f'AfS^PA::

llA::

I*ie.'"l<J."

><5.

ft:: ft"!"^;!::

A

•I"!': V. intrs.

and

trs. togo away, toproceed,

to dismiss, tosend away. Gen.xi. 2: Yl"7nA*^

^,^tfO:

nti'p'ii: 'J^U.:

"and

when

they

emigrated

from

theeast." ch.xxxii.25: A*J>

«|>^: "let

me

go."" Ex. iii.19: "butI

know

thekingofEgypt,"

^k^j^^AS'^^U-:

-"Vth.

P

: Hi.EI': "that hewill notdismissyou, so

astoallow

you

to go." cf.

pph

"to strike," "tolick,"

and

Ar.

d

"to strike."

't'A'l'^: pass,

and

rcfl. 1Tim.v.

U

: tiQ.'V

Qy'l':

^Al'^A-f:

"for they abandon

themselvesto sensuality." Isa. Ixi.:

AlMU

^.^ijm:

nu'OA'l'^:

"and

(sc.to preach)

tothe prisonersdeliverance,''^orconcerning (their)beingdelivered. Jer. xxxi. 22:

AT

^:

PTA'l»'I*n: AM'"- "thouwanfon

(or

dissolute)girl."

J\A'l"J': toyawn.

Ai'm

: i-rj-

A"1K

= tojoke.

AA'ffn:

to jest, joke, to scorn,

mock

cd,

Nehem.

iv. 5.

Afl:

i.5-A9^:

tepid, lukewarm. Rev.iii. 16.

A1

: s. quillofbirds. Tigr.

VlTt'^

::

(32)

A'n:

Anil:

(

9

)

AH-fl:

.

AVI:

A^fl:

"unanimous"

YlAA'fl:

"heartily,"

"earnestly

r

£vi\-

PA.AtD':

"heartless" " undecided," "unfeeling," "coward,"

"deject-ed."

An

:

^1:

"sincere," Ps.vii. 10. ^-Xl:

Y\t\^dJ}'',"to encourarje," Vs. xxxii. 8.

A

A-fl:

Tn^:

"*o speak to the heart," i.e.

"to encourage,'' 2 Cliron. xxx. 22. Afl-:

P1"KA:

"he

that has a scarcity of heart

(who

wants wisdom)," Prov. xi. 1 2.

(2)Tlie interior part,orcentre of

any

thing,

asofplants, &c.

(3) It is often confounded with stomach,

the various disorders

and

ailments of

which

are generallycalled PA'fl'-

fh'"}?^:

"dis-ease ofthe heart."

Afl:

J?

oof

A

:

"my

heart

gives

me

pain,"an expressiondenoting a

dis-ordered stomach, or general

want

of appetite, eostiveness, heartburning, gastritis,

cardial-gia, &c. Whilstin thissense I heard alarge

number

of patients using this expression, I recollect only one case,

when

a complainant,

who

was

a married

man,

used it to intimate

thathe

was

love-sick

on

account of the mis-conduct of his wife. cf.the Eth. A'fl: the

Heb.

17

and

117, and

the Ar.

C_J.

A.n

: Eth.accordingto Ludolf,the

Greek

\i/3a,

ace. of All/', ventus Africus, the south-v:est

wind.

All

: s. thief. Exod.xxii. 2.

AH

: ?»

AH

: s. n-omensdrauers.

An

Aft:

'^'-3.. to singe, toscorch. Lev. ii. 14.

A*!?":

adj. courageous, brave,prudent,

circum-spect.

AH

90

: s-chamher-pot.

A

more

decent

expres-sionthan

n<i,^::

Vid. Ludolf.

Anrt:

v-a. to dress, clothe, to put on clothes.

S-i.1:

A-flh,:

>idi.KAU-:

"I

puton the

K'ware, andgo."

?iAn

iTl : trs.to dress, clotheanotherperson.

f

Anri:

pass,

and

refl. to be clothed,

and

to

clothe oneself.

A'flti-s.cloth, dress. Gen.iii. 21. Tigr.JlJ^T::

Anil:

s. clother, dresser. Matt.v.22.

ttl^^:

AHH:

"one that dressesinrags," Jerem.li.3.

AH'n

:s.halter. Ar.(._Jj " breast-leatherfor

thehorseor mule."

Ann.:

and

AH T

:s-intellect, conscience. (It is

to beobserved, tliatabstractideas like these are very

much

confounded with each other

by

the Abyssinians, nor

do

they attend to

philosophiciil distinctions.)

An-^:

and

AT""!': s. spark (of fire).

Job

xli.

11. Isa. V. 24.

An-f:

?.?.

Ain.::

Ps.x. 17.

A.nrfl::

Mount

Ze6a77on.

P

:

H^:

"cedar-tree." g-H*:!^:

:

"Debra

Libanos,"

name

of

a

convent

in Shoa,

where

Tecla

Haimanot

is

said to

have

flourished.

P

: 'fl^i^'t':

•XaXKoKl^avov, a species of electrum

more

precious thangold. Rev.i. 15.

Anf

: s. a reasonable, understanding person.

Prov. X.17.

AHT:

'"•?•

Ann."

Prov.vii. 4.

Ann):

V. a. tooverlay,todeck,to line, tovarnish,

to gild. Ex. XXV. 11:

OS"

4.:

WC.^-

A-fl mfly*: "overlay it with pure gold." Isa.

xxxviii. 21, it is used of the fig

which

was

Irjid

upon

Hezekiah's boil, as a plaster.

Ezekielxiii. 12: P:!-

A

:

C^^O^

:

PA

n

"1^

y,i^.

"^vhere is the loam,

wherewith you

have

daubedit?"

TAn

m

:pass,tobedaubed,overlaid, plastered,

lined. Ex, xxvi. 32.

?iriAnfn:

caus. to order, to cause (any

thing) to be overlaid, lined, plastered,

daubed.

A-UTi^:

s.the lining, gilding, varnish,plaster,

daubing. Lev. xvi. 15.

A.'t": s. i.f/. A.A.'I"::night,

p

: f>^^: "the

bird ofthe night;" i.e. bat,Deut. xiv.17.

A.'TI'T:

adj. light-broun,

comp.

of f\/p: and

•fl:

signifyinga

mixture

of light

and

dark-ness,

which

isconceivedtogive thatcolour.

A'tT:

Latin. Tlie Latin language.

ATi<t:

s. « small tent.

For

the Greek,

\ap-nrjvri,

which

signifies the royal bedstead, 1

Sam.

XXV. 7. Ixx. 5. Vid. Lud.

A^

: s.theproper measure.

aVI

: \St^:"ithas

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